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772:, Reichenbach became assistant professor in the physics department of the University of Berlin. He gained notice for his methods of teaching, as he was easily approached and his courses were open to discussion and debate. This was highly unusual at the time, although the practice is nowadays a common one.
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in 1933, Reichenbach was immediately dismissed from his appointment at the
University of Berlin under the government's so called "Race Laws" due to his Jewish ancestry. Reichenbach himself did not practise Judaism, and his mother was a German Protestant, but he nevertheless suffered problems. He
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Hans
Reichenbach manuscripts, photographs, lectures, correspondence, drawings and other related materials are maintained by the Archives of Scientific Philosophy, Special Collections, University Library System, University of Pittsburgh. Much of the content has been digitized. Some more notable
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Another distinction of his was between the 'context of discovery' and 'context of justification'. The way scientists come up with ideas is not always the same as the way they justify them, and so as separate objects of study
Reichenbach distinguished between them.
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Reichenbach distinguishes between axioms of connection and of coordination. Axioms of connection are those scientific laws which specify specific relations between specific physical things, like
901:. As part of this he proposed a three part model of time in language, involving speech time, event time and â critically â reference time, which has been used by linguists since for describing
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1924. "Die
Bewegungslehre bei Newton, Leibniz und Huyghens." English translation: "The theory of motion according to Newton, Leibniz, and Huyghens" in Reichenbach (1959).
1919:
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Der
Begriff der Wahrscheinlichkeit fĂŒr die mathematische Darstellung der Wirklichkeit (The Concept of Probability for the Mathematical Representation of Reality)
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1922. "Der gegenwÀrtige Stand der
RelativitÀtsdiskussion." English translation: "The present state of the discussion on relativity" in Reichenbach (1959).
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Reichenbach died unexpectedly of a heart attack on April 9, 1953. He was living in Los
Angeles at the time, and had been working on problems in the
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1931. "Ziele und Wege der heutigen
Naturphilosophie." English translation: "Aims and methods of modern philosophy of nature" in Reichenbach (1959).
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on the
Russian front, in the German army radio troops. In 1917 he was removed from active duty, due to an illness, and returned to
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infiltrations in student organizations. His older brother
Bernard shared in this activism and went on to become a member of the
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Nikolay Milkov, "The Berlin Group and the Vienna Circle: Affinities and Divergences", in: N. Milkov & V. Peckhaus (eds.),
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and are âgeneral rules according to which the connections take placeâ. For example the axioms of connection of gravitational
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Wahrscheinlichkeitslehre: eine Untersuchung ĂŒber die logischen und mathematischen Grundlagen der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung
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were perhaps his most prominent students. During his time there, he published several of his most notable books, including
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477:. He married Selma Menzel, a school mistress, who came from a long line of Protestant professionals which went back to the
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2017:
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Padovani, Flavia (July 2011). "Relativizing the relativized a priori: Reichenbach's axioms of coordination divided".
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624:. However following his attending lectures by Albert Einstein in 1919, he stopped participating in political groups.
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864:. Reichenbach helped establish UCLA as a leading philosophy department in the United States in the post-war period.
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1986:
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The theory of probability, an inquiry into the logical and mathematical foundations of the calculus of probability
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The Berlin Group in the Making: Politics and Philosophy in the Early Works of Hans Reichenbach and Kurt Grelling
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manifesto lists 30 of Reichenbach's publications in a bibliography of closely related authors. In 1930 he and
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2010:
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Guide to the Hans Reichenbach Collection at the University of Pittsburgh's Archive of Scientific Philosophy
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Logic, language, and the structure of scientific theories: proceedings of the Carnap-Reichenbach centennial
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745:. They describe empirical laws. Axioms of coordination are those laws which describe all things and are
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1664:"Weyl's Extension of the Riemannian Concept of Space and the Geometrical Interpretation of Electricity"
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in 1913. He published articles about the university reform, the freedom of research, and against
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Selected writings, 1909â1953: with a selection of biographical and autobiographical sketches
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in physics at the Technische Hochschule Stuttgart) on the philosophical implications of the
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The Theory of Relativity and A Priori Knowledge (RelativitÀtstheorie und Erkenntnis Apriori)
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1949. "The philosophical significance of the theory of relativity" in Schilpp, P. A., ed.,
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Experience and prediction: an analysis of the foundations and the structure of knowledge
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Student und Sozialismus: mit einem Anhang: Programm der Sozialistischen Studentenpartei
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Archives of Scientific Philosophy, University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
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Archives of Scientific Philosophy, University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
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Archives of Scientific Philosophy, University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
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Archives of Scientific Philosophy, University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
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Hans was the second son of a Jewish merchant, Bruno Reichenbach, who had converted to
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Der Begriff der Wahrscheinlichkeit fĂŒr die mathematische Darstellung der Wirklichkeit
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Der Begriff der Wahrscheinlichkeit fĂŒr die mathematische Darstellung der Wirklichkeit
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738:(1928), the last stating the logical positivist view on the theory of relativity.
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Erkenntnis Orientated: A Centennial volume for Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach
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Reichenbach, Hans (1978). "Report of the Socialist Student Party, Berlin".
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698:
697:. In the same year, he published his first book (which was accepted as his
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which was published in 1918. The party had remained clandestine until the
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1207:, University of Konstanz, 21â24 May 1991. University of Pittsburgh Press.
1172:(Vienna circle collection). Dordrecht: Reidel. Springer paperback vol 1:
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661:
657:
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The Concept of Probability for the Mathematical Representation of Reality
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387:(Society for Empirical Philosophy) in Berlin in 1928, also known as the "
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when it was formally founded with him as chairman. He also worked with
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421:
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244:
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2002:
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Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Semantics
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seminars and courses on scientific subjects, and in 1935 he published
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309:
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Descriptive summary & full searchable text at Google Book Search
1756:
Wesley Salmon, 1991, "Hans Reichenbach's vindication of induction,"
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1288:
The Berlin Group and the Philosophy of Logical Empiricism. Springer
746:
549:
368:
334:
232:
672:. While working as a physicist and engineer, Reichenbach attended
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1272:
Dynamics of Reason: The 1999 Kant Lectures at Stanford University
1156:
Modern philosophy of science: Selected essays by Hans Reichenbach
509:
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376:
323:
The "context of discovery"/"context of justification" distinction
51:
30:
3344:
830:
681:
669:
183:
1843:"Reichenbach's Theory of Tense and its Application to English"
1709:
International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science
1304:"Guide to the Hans Reichenbach Papers, 1884-1972 ASP.1973.01"
935:
Weyl's Extension of the Riemannian Concept of Space, Appendix
437:
612:
and his other brother Herman at this time. In 1919 his text
3223:
905:. This work resulted in two books published posthumously:
441:
176:
81:
994:
Von Kopernikus bis Einstein. Der Wandel unseres Weltbildes
768:
In 1926, with the help of Albert Einstein, Max Planck and
1398:
The Berlin Group and the Philosophy of Logical Empiricism
1023:
Atom und Kosmos. Das physikalische Weltbild der Gegenwart
4037:
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
1554:"Empirical Validation of Reichenbach's Tense Framework"
1551:
347:) vs. axioms of coordination (constitutive principles)
1335:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 721.
1401:. Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media.
420:. He also made lasting contributions to the study of
1707:. Proceedings of 10th International Congress of the
1374:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 3.
1158:. Routledge & Kegan Paul. Greenwood Press 1981:
576:
in 1910. He attended the founding conference of the
4102:
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
664:, was published in 1916. Reichenbach served during
363:(September 26, 1891 â April 9, 1953) was a leading
1856:Library System archives and manuscript collections
1462:. Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur
1388:
833:, where he headed the department of philosophy at
594:Executive Committee of the Communist International
1787:
3963:
1274:(CSLI/University of Chicago Press, 2001), p. 32.
1135:Nomological statements and admissible operations
1007:. English translation: Maria Reichenbach, 1957,
911:Nomological Statements and Admissible Operations
1112:. Evanston: The Library of Living Philosophers.
970:The theory of relativity and a priori knowledge
707:The Theory of Relativity and A Priori Knowledge
1742:, 1977, "The philosophy of Hans Reichenbach,"
1394:
1144:. University of California Press. Dover 1971.
1077:. University of California Press. Dover 1998:
980:Axiomatik der relativistischen Raum-Zeit-Lehre
4182:University of California, Los Angeles faculty
3102:
2018:
1909:
757:are based upon the axioms of coordination of
1424:Hans Reichenbach Selected Writings 1909â1953
1075:Philosophic Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
1027:Atom and cosmos: the world of modern physics
878:Philosophic Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
775:In 1928, Reichenbach founded the so-called "
383:, and of logical empiricism. He founded the
1421:
785:Die Gesellschaft fĂŒr empirische Philosophie
3109:
3095:
2025:
2011:
1830:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "
1395:Milkov, Nikolay; Peckhaus, Volker (2013).
1298:
1296:
984:Axiomatization of the theory of relativity
958:RelativitÀtstheorie und Erkenntnis Apriori
728:Axiomatization of the Theory of Relativity
711:RelativitÀtstheorie und Erkenntnis Apriori
687:In 1920 Reichenbach began teaching at the
29:
4132:20th-century German educational theorists
3765:
3728:Relationship between religion and science
3116:
1816:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:
1809:The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy:
572:and student organizations. He joined the
407:all became members of the Berlin Circle.
1698:Philosophical Problems of Space and Time
1510:
1483:"Hans Reichenbach: philosopher-engineer"
939:
592:, representing this organisation on the
2301:
2032:
1799:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
1448:
1359:MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
1293:
385:Gesellschaft fĂŒr empirische Philosophie
3964:
1474:
1369:
1330:
1308:ULS Archives & Special Collections
1186:(Synthese library). Dordrecht: Reidel.
1110:Albert Einstein: philosopher-scientist
4177:UCLA Department of Philosophy faculty
4117:Academic staff of Istanbul University
3090:
2006:
1885:Stephen Foster Collection and archive
1851:
1552:Derczynski, L; Gaizauskas, R (2013).
1240:
1238:
858:University of California, Los Angeles
563:
496:After completing secondary school in
375:. He was influential in the areas of
1832:Reichenbach's Common Cause Principle
1751:Hans Reichenbach: Logical Empiricist
1372:Hans Reichenbach: Logical Empiricist
1354:
1352:
1333:Hans Reichenbach: Logical Empiricist
1326:
1324:
1282:
1280:
1184:Hans Reichenbach, logical empiricist
1541:. Springer. 2015. pp. 229â232.
1250:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
590:Communist Workers' Party of Germany
520:at various universities, including
13:
3987:20th-century American philosophers
3982:20th-century American male writers
1771:Works by or about Hans Reichenbach
1480:
1460:www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de
1415:
1290:, pp. 3â32. esp. pp. 13â14 (2013).
1235:
1105:. University of California Press.
1101:1948. "Philosophy and physics" in
926:Correspondence to Nagel, 1934-1938
856:to take up a professorship at the
627:
313:Philosophical implications of the
14:
4203:
4032:American male non-fiction writers
3748:Sociology of scientific knowledge
3743:Sociology of scientific ignorance
3696:History and philosophy of science
1781:The Rise of Scientific Philosophy
1764:
1539:Encyclopedia of Science Education
1349:
1321:
1277:
1117:The Rise of Scientific Philosophy
1043:. University of California Press.
986:. University of California Press.
972:. University of California Press.
890:(his most popular book) in 1951.
887:The Rise of Scientific Philosophy
632:Reichenbach received a degree in
596:. Hans wrote the Platform of the
500:, Hans Reichenbach studied civil
485:played a significant role in the
462:The Rise of Scientific Philosophy
4127:German philosophers of education
4012:20th-century German philosophers
4007:20th-century German male writers
3992:20th-century American physicists
3945:
3933:
3070:
3061:
3060:
1009:The Philosophy of Space and Time
789:Society for Empirical Philosophy
736:The Philosophy of Space and Time
506:Hochschule fĂŒr Technik Stuttgart
4137:German philosophers of language
4082:German male non-fiction writers
4002:20th-century American essayists
3997:20th-century American educators
1656:
1629:
1602:
1575:
1545:
1531:
1504:
1103:Faculty research lectures, 1946
1005:Philosophie der Raum-Zeit-Lehre
966:Technische Hochschule Stuttgart
689:Technische Hochschule Stuttgart
598:Socialist Student Party, Berlin
110:Technische Hochschule Stuttgart
4112:Expatriate academics in Turkey
4017:20th-century German physicists
3137:Analyticâsynthetic distinction
2273:Analyticâsynthetic distinction
1583:"Philipp Frank Correspondence"
1363:
1264:
1121:University of California Press
968:). English translation: 1965.
622:League for Proletarian Culture
414:became editors of the journal
16:German philosopher (1891â1953)
1:
1228:
1223:List of American philosophers
1039:. English translation: 1949,
1025:. English translation: 1932,
996:. English translation: 1942,
982:. English translation: 1969.
468:
318:Philosophical foundations of
4107:German expatriates in Turkey
1711:(HOPOS), Ghent, July 2014. (
1637:"Responses to Questionnaire"
1432:10.1007/978-94-009-9761-5_10
1029:. G. Allen & Unwin, ltd.
726:. He subsequently published
229:Other academic advisors
7:
4157:German philosophy academics
4147:Philosophers of mathematics
4052:Philosophers of probability
3470:Hypothetico-deductive model
3445:Deductive-nomological model
3430:Constructivist epistemology
1890:Stephen Foster's sketchbook
1749:Wesley Salmon (ed.), 1979,
1730:Hans Reichenbach remembered
1211:
1061:From Copernicus to Einstein
1054:University of Chicago Press
998:From Copernicus to Einstein
916:
852:, Reichenbach moved to the
732:From Copernicus to Einstein
10:
4208:
2172:Causal theory of reference
1925:Robert Schmertz Collection
1900:Jane McDowell Foster Wiley
1687:
1310:. University of Pittsburgh
1089:Elements of Symbolic Logic
932:Responses to Questionnaire
882:Elements of Symbolic Logic
848:In 1938, with the help of
811:began editing the journal
791:). Among its members were
568:Reichenbach was active in
536:. Among his teachers were
4172:German quantum physicists
3924:
3756:
3658:
3588:
3531:Semantic view of theories
3450:Epistemological anarchism
3402:
3387:dependent and independent
3124:
3056:
3031:
2993:
2967:
2941:
2913:
2857:
2829:
2766:
2745:
2684:
2642:
2619:
2596:
2498:
2442:
2404:
2348:
2255:
2159:
2109:
2083:
2047:
2040:
1977:Henry Overholt Collection
1920:Carl Gustav Hempel Papers
1877:
1861:
1700:. Alfred A. Knopf. Ch. 3.
1525:10.1007/s11229-009-9590-0
1193:. Kluwer. Springer 2003:
843:The Theory of Probability
788:
465:, his most popular book.
434:philosophy of mathematics
410:In 1930, Reichenbach and
354:
288:
276:
258:
228:
211:
182:
164:
144:
134:
124:
120:
88:
62:
37:
28:
21:
3273:Intertheoretic reduction
3262:Ignoramus et ignorabimus
3239:Functional contextualism
2232:Scientific structuralism
1987:Songs of Robert Schmertz
1878:Collections and archives
1854:University of Pittsburgh
1804:University of St Andrews
1456:"Wittfogel, Karl August"
713:), which criticized the
4027:American male essayists
3758:Philosophers of science
3536:Scientific essentialism
3485:Model-dependent realism
3420:Constructive empiricism
3313:Evidence-based practice
1972:James R. Cox Collection
1869:Archives Service Center
1481:Mcadam, Roger Michael.
829:thereupon emigrated to
620:, an activist with the
489:. His younger brother,
487:left communist movement
459:. In 1951, he authored
339:constitutive principles
129:20th-century philosophy
97:University of Göttingen
4062:German epistemologists
3841:Alfred North Whitehead
3831:Charles Sanders Peirce
2288:Reflective equilibrium
1982:Dick Thornburgh Papers
1834:" by Frank Arntzenius.
1370:Salmon, W. C. (2012).
1331:Salmon, W. C. (2012).
951:University of Erlangen
784:
638:University of Erlangen
493:was a music educator.
365:philosopher of science
343:Axioms of connection (
105:University of Erlangen
4167:Probability theorists
4142:Philosophers of logic
4077:German male essayists
4047:Analytic philosophers
3940:Philosophy portal
3691:Hard and soft science
3686:Faith and rationality
3555:Scientific skepticism
3335:Scientific Revolution
3118:Philosophy of science
2959:Nicholas Wolterstorff
2414:David Malet Armstrong
1967:Erroll Garner Archive
1905:Darlington Collection
1610:"Philosophy Congress"
1142:The Direction of Time
949:(Ph.D. dissertation,
940:Selected publications
907:The Direction of Time
897:and on the nature of
862:Philosophy Department
826:Chancellor of Germany
646:theory of probability
426:theory of probability
341:underlying knowledge)
283:Philosophy of science
224:(PhD thesis advisors)
4192:Writers from Hamburg
4152:Philosophers of time
3666:Criticism of science
3541:Scientific formalism
3425:Constructive realism
3330:Scientific pluralism
3303:Problem of induction
1790:Robertson, Edmund F.
1426:. pp. 181â185.
799:, David Hilbert and
703:theory of relativity
678:theory of relativity
656:) and supervised by
481:. His elder brother
315:theory of relativity
169:University of Berlin
101:University of Munich
93:University of Berlin
4042:American socialists
3733:Rhetoric of science
3671:Descriptive science
3415:Confirmation holism
3308:Scientific evidence
3268:Inductive reasoning
3197:Demarcation problem
2781:Patricia Churchland
2712:Christine Korsgaard
2598:Logical positivists
2490:Ludwig Wittgenstein
2267:paradox of analysis
2034:Analytic philosophy
1826:Frederick Eberhardt
1788:O'Connor, John J.;
1492:. Durham University
1218:American philosophy
1000:. Alliance Book Co.
929:Philosophy Congress
835:Istanbul University
743:Maxwellâs equations
684:from 1917 to 1920.
676:'s lectures on the
602:November Revolution
578:Freideutsche Jugend
574:Freistudentenschaft
371:, and proponent of
173:Istanbul University
4162:Philosophy writers
4122:Logical positivism
4022:American logicians
3952:Science portal
3881:Carl Gustav Hempel
3836:Wilhelm Windelband
3723:Questionable cause
3546:Scientific realism
3367:Underdetermination
3202:Empirical evidence
3192:Creative synthesis
2954:William Lane Craig
2672:Friedrich Waismann
2629:Carl Gustav Hempel
2588:Timothy Williamson
2548:Alasdair MacIntyre
2406:Australian realism
2386:Russ Shafer-Landau
2247:Analytical Thomism
2202:Logical positivism
1951:Pittsburgh Courier
1895:Joe Negri Archives
1794:"Hans Reichenbach"
1718:2018-11-16 at the
1270:Michael Friedman,
1246:"Hans Reichenbach"
922:content includes:
895:philosophy of time
793:Carl Gustav Hempel
751:Euclidean geometry
580:umbrella group at
564:Political activism
393:Carl Gustav Hempel
373:logical empiricism
263:Carl Gustav Hempel
159:Logical empiricism
139:Western philosophy
48:September 26, 1891
4092:German socialists
4087:German physicists
3959:
3958:
3801:
3800:
3713:Normative science
3570:Uniformitarianism
3325:Scientific method
3219:Explanatory power
3084:
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2768:Pittsburgh School
2758:Peter van Inwagen
2692:Roderick Chisholm
2680:
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2573:Richard Swinburne
2508:G. E. M. Anscombe
2344:
2343:
2242:Analytic theology
2217:Ordinary language
2155:
2154:
2000:
1999:
1962:Alexander Addison
1703:GĂŒnther Sandner,
1441:978-90-277-0292-0
1408:978-94-007-5485-0
1381:978-94-009-9404-1
1342:978-94-009-9404-1
1129:978-0-520-01055-0
850:Charles W. Morris
839:interdisciplinary
797:Richard von Mises
616:was published by
558:Arnold Sommerfeld
457:quantum mechanics
446:relativity theory
397:Richard von Mises
358:
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320:quantum mechanics
259:Doctoral students
249:Arnold Sommerfeld
213:Doctoral advisors
4199:
4097:History of logic
4072:German logicians
4067:German educators
3950:
3949:
3938:
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3936:
3911:Bas van Fraassen
3866:Hans Reichenbach
3846:Bertrand Russell
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3589:Philosophy of...
3372:Unity of science
3165:Commensurability
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3003:Nancy Cartwright
2844:Nicholas Rescher
2821:Bas van Fraassen
2811:Nicholas Rescher
2634:Hans Reichenbach
2617:
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2583:Bernard Williams
2480:Bertrand Russell
2402:
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2336:Rigid designator
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2041:Related articles
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1910:Hans Reichenbach
1849:
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1811:Hans Reichenbach
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1137:. North Holland.
837:. He introduced
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640:in 1915 and his
618:Hermann SchĂŒller
610:Alexander Schwab
361:Hans Reichenbach
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3480:Instrumentalism
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3639:
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3599:
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3594:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3565:Structuralism
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3527:Received view
3525:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
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3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3435:Contextualism
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3388:
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3380:
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3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
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3358:
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3353:
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3347:
3346:
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3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3077:
3069:
3067:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3045:
3044:Alfred Tarski
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3013:Peter Galison
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2966:
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2946:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2900:Nathan Salmon
2898:
2896:
2895:Richard Rorty
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2865:Alonzo Church
2863:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2801:Ruth Millikan
2799:
2797:
2796:John McDowell
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
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2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Hilary Putnam
2725:
2723:
2722:Robert Nozick
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2652:Rudolf Carnap
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2644:Vienna Circle
2641:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2621:Berlin Circle
2618:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
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2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:Philippa Foot
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2475:Graham Priest
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2455:Charlie Broad
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2366:Gottlob Frege
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2293:Supervenience
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2192:Functionalism
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:Descriptivism
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2142:Philosophical
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2132:Non-classical
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2005:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1915:Carnap Papers
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1822:Clark Glymour
1819:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1759:
1758:Erkenntnis 35
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1740:Wesley Salmon
1738:
1735:
1734:Erkenntnis 35
1731:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1672:
1665:
1659:
1645:
1638:
1632:
1618:
1611:
1605:
1591:
1584:
1578:
1564:on 2016-10-27
1563:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1540:
1534:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1443:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1410:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1325:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1273:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1199:0-7923-1408-5
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1178:90-277-0292-6
1175:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1164:0-313-23274-1
1161:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1150:0-486-40926-0
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1097:0-486-24004-5
1094:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1083:0-486-40459-5
1080:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1069:0-486-23940-3
1066:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1017:0-486-60443-8
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
999:
995:
991:
988:
985:
981:
977:
974:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
952:
948:
944:
943:
934:
931:
928:
925:
924:
923:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
889:
888:
884:in 1947, and
883:
879:
875:
874:Wesley Salmon
871:
870:Hilary Putnam
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:United States
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
823:
818:
816:
815:
810:
809:Rudolf Carnap
806:
805:Vienna Circle
802:
801:Kurt Grelling
798:
794:
786:
782:
778:
777:Berlin Circle
773:
771:
766:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:
690:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:David Hilbert
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
475:Protestantism
466:
464:
463:
458:
454:
451:
450:probabilistic
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:
413:
412:Rudolf Carnap
408:
406:
405:Kurt Grelling
402:
401:David Hilbert
398:
394:
390:
389:Berlin Circle
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
353:
346:
340:
336:
332:
331:
327:
321:
316:
311:
307:
306:justification
304:
303:Probabilistic
301:
300:
293:
290:Notable ideas
287:
284:
281:
275:
272:
271:Wesley Salmon
268:
267:Hilary Putnam
264:
261:
257:
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:David Hilbert
238:
234:
231:
227:
223:
219:
216:
214:
210:
203:
202:
198:
195:
194:
190:
189:
187:
185:
181:
178:
174:
170:
167:
163:
160:
156:
155:Berlin Circle
152:
149:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
66:April 9, 1953
65:
61:
57:
56:German Empire
53:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
3916:Larry Laudan
3896:Imre Lakatos
3865:
3851:Otto Neurath
3826:Karl Pearson
3816:Pierre Duhem
3788:Isaac Newton
3718:Protoscience
3676:Epistemology
3550:Anti-realism
3548: /
3529: /
3520: /
3506: /
3504:Reductionism
3502: /
3475:Inductionism
3455:Evolutionism
3260:
3147:a posteriori
3146:
3142:
2933:Cora Diamond
2849:Morton White
2717:Thomas Nagel
2662:Otto Neurath
2633:
2611:Ernest Nagel
2558:Gilbert Ryle
2553:Derek Parfit
2513:J. L. Austin
2460:Casimir Lewy
2429:Peter Singer
2424:J. L. Mackie
2396:Barry Stroud
2356:Noam Chomsky
2349:Philosophers
2283:Natural kind
2167:Anti-realism
2127:Mathematical
2101:Performative
2060:Epistemology
1957:Ohio Company
1949:
1945:P.L. Prattis
1940:Walter Leuba
1862:Main article
1797:
1780:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1733:
1729:
1704:
1697:
1674:. Retrieved
1670:
1658:
1647:. Retrieved
1643:
1631:
1620:. Retrieved
1616:
1604:
1593:. Retrieved
1589:
1577:
1566:. Retrieved
1562:the original
1557:
1547:
1538:
1533:
1519:(1): 41â62.
1516:
1512:
1506:
1494:. Retrieved
1489:
1476:
1464:. Retrieved
1459:
1450:
1423:
1417:
1397:
1390:
1371:
1365:
1332:
1312:. Retrieved
1307:
1287:
1271:
1266:
1249:
1204:
1190:
1183:
1169:
1155:
1141:
1134:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1088:
1074:
1060:
1047:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1022:
1008:
1004:
997:
993:
983:
979:
969:
962:habilitation
957:
946:
920:
910:
906:
892:
885:
881:
877:
847:
842:
822:Adolf Hitler
819:
812:
774:
770:Max von Laue
767:
763:
740:
735:
731:
727:
721:
710:
706:
699:habilitation
694:Privatdozent
692:
686:
653:
649:
631:
613:
586:anti-Semitic
567:
495:
472:
460:
415:
409:
384:
360:
359:
328:
204: (1920)
200:
196: (1916)
192:
165:Institutions
68:(1953-04-09)
4057:Empiricists
3977:1953 deaths
3972:1891 births
3906:Ian Hacking
3891:Thomas Kuhn
3876:Karl Popper
3856:C. D. Broad
3773:Roger Bacon
3701:Non-science
3643:Linguistics
3623:Archaeology
3518:Rationalism
3508:Determinism
3495:Physicalism
3460:Fallibilism
3410:Coherentism
3340:Testability
3293:Observation
3288:Objectivity
3249:alternative
3180:Correlation
3170:Consilience
3032:Lwow-Warsaw
3018:Ian Hacking
2985:Karl Popper
2980:Thomas Kuhn
2928:Alice Crary
2890:Saul Kripke
2885:Jaegwon Kim
2880:David Lewis
2870:Jerry Fodor
2839:Susan Haack
2753:Robert Audi
2563:John Searle
2533:Peter Geach
2523:Antony Flew
2470:G. E. Moore
2391:Ernest Sosa
2321:Possibility
2070:Mathematics
2055:Metaphysics
1753:. Springer.
1744:Synthese 34
1726:Carl Hempel
866:Carl Hempel
787:; English:
734:(1927) and
666:World War I
662:Max Noether
658:Paul Hensel
514:mathematics
502:engineering
479:Reformation
424:based on a
326:Relativized
222:Max Noether
218:Paul Hensel
107:(PhD, 1916)
74:Los Angeles
3966:Categories
3793:David Hume
3766:Precursors
3648:Psychology
3628:Economicsâ
3522:Empiricism
3513:Pragmatism
3500:Positivism
3490:Naturalism
3360:scientific
3244:Hypothesis
3207:Experiment
3008:John Dupré
2875:Kurt Gödel
2831:Pragmatism
2746:Notre Dame
2737:John Rawls
2606:A. J. Ayer
2543:R. M. Hare
2538:Paul Grice
2450:Arif Ahmed
2237:Sense data
2222:Pragmatism
2096:Linguistic
1676:2015-12-01
1649:2015-12-01
1622:2015-12-01
1595:2015-12-01
1568:2013-03-14
1314:2015-12-01
1229:References
814:Erkenntnis
759:arithmetic
717:notion of
634:philosophy
546:Max Planck
518:philosophy
469:Early life
422:empiricism
417:Erkenntnis
245:Max Planck
78:California
44:1891-09-26
3633:Geography
3601:Chemistry
3560:Scientism
3355:ladenness
3175:Construct
3153:Causality
2858:Princeton
2657:Hans Hahn
2443:Cambridge
2316:Necessity
2311:Actualism
2182:Emotivism
2147:Predicate
2117:Classical
1760:: 99â122.
1258:1095-5054
1011:. Dover.
880:in 1944,
755:equations
719:synthetic
648:, titled
636:from the
530:Göttingen
453:reasoning
381:education
310:reasoning
89:Education
3928:Category
3580:Vitalism
3403:Theories
3377:Variable
3298:Paradigm
3185:function
3143:A priori
3132:Analysis
3125:Concepts
3066:Category
2942:Reformed
2915:Quietism
2303:Modality
2263:Analysis
2256:Concepts
2227:Quietism
2187:Feminism
2160:Theories
2065:Language
1728:, 1991,
1716:Archived
1713:Abstract
1696:, 1963,
1513:Synthese
1496:16 April
1212:See also
964:thesis,
917:Archives
747:a priori
730:(1924),
723:a priori
550:Max Born
526:Erlangen
432:and the
369:educator
335:fallible
330:a priori
233:Max Born
151:Analytic
3638:History
3606:Physics
3596:Biology
3394:more...
3382:control
3278:Inquiry
2968:Science
2685:Harvard
2331:Realism
2207:Marxism
2122:Deviant
2091:Aretaic
2075:Science
1773:at the
1746:: 5â88.
1736:: 5â10.
1688:Sources
860:in its
824:became
749:, like
715:Kantian
644:on the
510:physics
504:at the
498:Hamburg
483:Bernard
377:science
337:set of
116:, 1920)
52:Hamburg
3350:choice
3345:Theory
3283:Nature
3212:design
2500:Oxford
1466:9 July
1438:
1405:
1378:
1339:
1256:
1203:1991.
1197:
1189:1991.
1182:1979.
1176:
1168:1978.
1162:
1154:1959.
1148:
1140:1956.
1133:1954.
1127:
1115:1951.
1095:
1087:1947.
1081:
1073:1944.
1067:
1059:1942.
1046:1938.
1035:1935.
1021:1930.
1015:
1003:1928.
992:1927.
978:1924.
956:1920.
945:1916.
903:tenses
872:, and
831:Turkey
803:. The
781:German
682:Berlin
670:Berlin
556:, and
534:Munich
522:Berlin
508:, and
491:Herman
455:; and
444:, and
428:; the
184:Theses
146:School
135:Region
3076:Index
2110:Logic
2084:Turns
1667:(PDF)
1640:(PDF)
1613:(PDF)
1586:(PDF)
1486:(PDF)
820:When
438:space
430:logic
333:(the
3254:null
3224:Fact
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1468:2020
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1254:ISSN
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1013:ISBN
909:and
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