Hans Bender - Knowledge

416:), i.e. the fact that phenomena such as telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, haunting and psychokinesis are reported from antiquity to the present in all epochs and in the most diverse cultures and regions of the earth, while age, educational level and social status of the experiencers do not seem to play a role. The parapsychic phenomena thus seem to be similar or uniform across historical, cultural, geographical and personal boundaries. Bender considered this to be proof that it was not myths and traditions without correspondence in objective reality that were present here, but individual, actual experiences of the individual observers, which were based on objective, even if still unknown, characteristics of reality. 427:, a friend of his. He was consulting him in astrology both in private and scientific matters. Beside this, he was convinced that his wife had a telepathic connection to him. Seeing in case of doubt in apparently unexplainable experiences something paranormal brought him into criticism. This was not only because of his specialty or his close relation to the mass media, but also his assistants occasional observance that he was not always making thorough research. As an example, he explained in 1982 the haunting case "Chopper" that was proven to be a manipulation of a dental nurse in Neutraubling near to 439:

haunting case of 1965, which Bender had declared to be genuine. According to the confession, the then apprentice of a Bremen porcelain store had deliberately manipulated not only all the haunting phenomena in the store, but also in the subsequent investigation in Bender's Freiburg laboratory. Bender's assistants countered with expert reports that were meant to prove that at least some of the manipulations described by Scholz could not have taken place.

289: 464:, saying that "No full report of the investigations has ever been published, so we are in no position to check to what extent the parapsychologists have been successful in excluding naturalistic explanations." Hoebens wrote that Bender's accounts of his investigation show that he may not have made a rigorous enough examination of the evidence, which Hoebens deems highly questionable. 31: 442:

The problem of manipulations also exists in the most known haunting case of Bender, "the haunting of Rosenheim", that occurred in an attorney's chancellery between 1967 and 1968. This case was not only documented by Bender and his assistants, but by technicians of the Post Office and the power plant,

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were not treated as influences of spirits, but as a result of the great strain of the "focus person". Because of this approach concerning parapsychological phenomena, he associated the experiments of a sensitive approach with the analysis of an affective approach to parapsychology and neurotic faulty

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described Bender as a paranormal believer unwilling "to draw the obvious conclusion from the evidence." Nickell noted that Bender considered a poltergeist case to have genuine effects even though the subject was discovered to have cheated. According to Nickell "this approach contrasts with that of

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In 1939, he worked as a volunteer at the Psychiatric and Intern Clinic in Freiburg. As he was unfit for the military service, he could act in place of his drafted professor Rothacker in 1940 in Bonn. From September of this year on, he also worked at the Internal Clinic in Bonn. In June, he married

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in Munich. Notwithstanding the fact that the physicists wrote in their expert opinion that not all the phenomena observed could be explained with the laws of physics, at least in one case, a manipulation of the focus person, a clerk, could be detected. Bender and his assistants explained the case

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Already before the Chopper case, his critics accused him of having overlooked manipulation attempts of his focus persons. In 1978, for example, the detective director Herbert Schäfer of the State Criminal Police Office in Bremen obtained a confession from Heinrich Scholz, the focus person in a

397:. From this, it follows that on the one hand, he used mostly a qualitative approach instead of a quantitative one. On the other hand, he held an "animistic" approach in parapsychology instead of a "spiritualistic" one. In parapsychology this means that 238: 782: 214:, he became from the Reichsministerium for Sciences, Education and public instruction the necessary lectureship. From 1942 to 1944, he taught psychology and clinical psychology, also managing the 252:

afterwards. After he made guest professorships in 1951 and 1954, he was appointed as an extraordinary professor for frontier areas of psychology. In 1967, he became a full professor for

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When journalists of the SPIEGEL magazine found out in 1977 that no copy of his medical dissertation could be found, and that Bender also could not produce a promotion certificate, the

176:, he studied medicine in parallel to the controversial psychology to get a better reputation. His claim to have made his a state examination for a PhD in medicine by professor 268: 448:

such that the often psychologically labile focus persons manipulate in order to have the focus of attention, when the real parapsychological phenomena fail to appear.

483:("spook professor")". Bender was later found to have lied about having a doctorate, in addition to ignoring evidence and exaggerating his own observations on psi. 140:

After his secondary school examination in 1925, he studied law in Lausanne and Paris. In 1927, he started to study psychology, philosophy, and Romance studies in

815: 215: 120:. For many years his pipe smoking, contemplative figure was synonymous with German parapsychology. He was an investigator of 'unusual human experience', e.g. 913: 187:" remained a claim, as he was not able to present the promotion certificate. To eliminate this problem, he drew up a new medical dissertation at old age. 223: 479:, due to "his unquestioning acceptance of psi, Bender came in for a great deal of criticism from his colleagues in science, who referred to him as der 177: 923: 903: 898: 883: 191:

Henriette Wiechert, who was "starring" as the experimental subject with the nicknames "Miss Dora D." or "Miss D." in his dissertation.

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An encyclopedia of claims, frauds, and hoaxes of the occult and supernatural: decidedly sceptical definitions of alternative realities

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Experimentelle Visionen. Ein Beitrag zum Problem der Sinnestäuschung, des Realitätsbewusstseins und der Schichten der Persönlichkeit

908: 918: 791: 735: 873: 353: 492:"Zum Problem der außersinnlichen Wahrnehmung. Ein Beitrag zur Untersuchung des Hellsehens mit Laboratoriumsmethoden", in 325: 928: 526:"Praekognition im qualitativen Experiment. Zur Methodik der "Platzexperimente" mit dem Sensitiven Gerard Croiset", in 823: 762: 689: 372: 332: 199: 310: 888: 339: 306: 500:

Psychische Automatismen. Zur Experimentalpsychologie des Unterbewußten und der außersinnlichen Wahrnehmung

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brought a procedure because of assuming a false title. To avoid prosecution, Bender promoted again by

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skeptical investigators who consider one instance of deceit to discredit an entire case".

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After his detention in a British camp between November 1944 and July 1945, he returned to

8: 540:"Mediumistische Psychosen. Ein Beitrag zur Pathologie spiritistischer Praktiken", in the 346: 237:, where he was got a lectureship for psychology. In 1950, he founded the non-university 621:"Psychohygienische und forensische Aspekte der Parapsychologie", in G. Condreau (ed.): 173: 819: 787: 758: 731: 685: 457: 264: 198:

at that time. To be able to call himself an associate professor at the newly founded

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Looking for a Miracle: Weeping Icons, Relics, Stigmata, Visions & Healing Cures

727: 719: 394: 386: 161: 157: 661: 257: 109: 89: 857: 108:(5 February 1907 – 7 May 1991) was a German lecturer on the subject of 55: 112:, who was also responsible for establishing the parapsychological institute 390: 249: 211: 848: 777: 746: 476: 468: 256:

and frontier areas of psychology. One quarter of subjects were issues of

203: 125: 121: 172:. At the time he was an assistant at the Psychological Institute of the 549:

Bericht über den 22. Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie

512:"Zur Entwicklung der Parapsychologie von 1930–1950", in Hans Driesch's 428: 420: 398: 253: 145: 838: 401: 219: 218:, where Bender originally planned to make research on the subject of 168:. He took the doctors degree 1933 by Rothacker with the dissertation 288: 194:

In order to have a successful career, Bender had already joined the

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Poltergeister und Professoren. Über den Zustand der Parapsychologie

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Parapsychologie. Die Wissenschaft von den "okkulten" Erscheinungen

596:"Telepathie und Hellsehen als wissenschaftliche Grenzfragen", in 227: 77: 630: