192:
551:(CAUT) passed a resolution, "That all universities and colleges in Canada which currently host Confucius Institutes on their campuses cease doing so, and universities and colleges currently contemplating such arrangements pursue them no further." CAUT executive director James Turk described Confucius Institutes as "essentially political arms of the Chinese government". Turk stated that the ten Canadian universities that hosted Confucius Institutes were compromising their integrity by allowing Hanban to have a voice in academic matters such as curriculum and topics of class discussion, which constitutes a "fundamental violation of academic freedom". In June 2014, the
643:
Conference
Abstracts and ordered her entourage from the Confucius Institute Headquarters to remove all conference materials and take them to the apartment of a local Confucius Institute employee. The remaining 300 participants who arrived for conference registration on 23 July did not receive the printed abstracts or programs but only a brief summarized schedule. After last-minute negotiations between Xu Lin and conference organizers to ensure conference members received the program, a compromise was made to allow the removal of one abstract page that mentioned the CCSP support of the conference.
127:
704:, in which she claimed to have intimidated the university's president "with a single sentence", after 100 professors signed a petition to ban the Confucius Institute. Xu Lin wrote a letter to the university's president and called the university representative in Beijing "with only one line: 'If your school decides to withdraw, I will agree to it.' Her attitude made the other side anxious. The school quickly responded that it will continue to properly manage the Confucius Institute."
631:, a major sponsor of the conference for the past 20 years. The EACS subsequently reprinted the deleted materials to distribute to the conference members. EACS president Roger Greatrex subsequently issued a report on the page deletions and an official letter of protest that concluded, "Such interference in the internal organization of the international conference of an independent and democratically organized non-profitable academic organization is totally unacceptable."
66:
25:
674:, and therefore outsiders have no business interfering. The BBC did not agree to the censorship demand. "Xu Lin not only refused to answer difficult questions, she also politicised the Confucius Institutes and reinforced the idea that they are led by dogmatists," commented Gary Rawnsley, professor of Public Diplomacy at
523:. In response, Hanban Director-General Xià Jiànhuī (夏建辉) said that "the website will eventually be made into a learning portal that will be promoted globally" and that "this is a comprehensive project", maintaining that Hanban did not break any rules by allowing their own subsidiary company to win the contract.
310:, a competition in Chinese proficiency for non-native speakers. Organizationally, Hanban sits directly under the Ministry of Education. It has numerous subdivisions, including three separate Confucius Institute divisions in charge of Asian and African, American and Oceanian, and European regions. In 2014,
359:
According to its website, Hanban's goals include "making
Chinese language and culture teaching resources and services available to the world", "meeting the demands of overseas Chinese learners", and "contributing to the formation of a world of cultural diversity and harmony". Hanban aims to cultivate
347:
Course and Exam" program. As a result of this and other initiatives, approximately 160 U.S. Chinese language teachers have attended the AP Chinese
Teacher Summer Institutes. Since 2006, Hanban has been sending volunteer teachers from China to the U.S., and 105 such teachers have taught Chinese in 30
642:
Conference registration began on 22 July 2014, and about 100 participants received complete copies of the abstracts and program, which comprised 89 pages plus a cover and front pages. However, after Xu Lin arrived that evening, she proclaimed that mention of the CCSP sponsorship be removed from the
638:
Confucius
Institute was a co-organizer of the conference. The CCSP international conference funding application stated, "The conference is regulated by the laws and decrees of both China and the host country, and will not carry out any activities which are deemed to be adverse to the social order."
654:
The director of the
National Central Library stated that EACS officials and members had spoken out against Xu during the opening ceremony. Marshall Sahlins explained that the EACS censorship highlighted Hanban's seriousness in enforcing its contractual provisions "the way they do in China which is
576:
responded, saying that the claims made by the AAUP and others—that
Confucius Institutes "function as an arm of the Chinese state and are pushing political agendas"—actually "expose not so much communist propaganda as their own intolerance of exotic cultures and biased preconceived notions to smear
377:
Hanban's primary functions include making "policies and development plans for promoting
Chinese language internationally", supporting "Chinese language programs at educational institutions of various types and levels in other countries", and drafting "international Chinese teaching standards and
707:
Other media reports said Xu's comments "brought panic" to the university, which was convinced by this "demeaning depiction" that an equal partnership was impossible; "could be construed as a boastful challenge"; "implied the school had kowtowed to the
Chinese government"; or caused university
697:
stated that it had suspended negotiations to renew its
Confucius Institute contract because "recently published comments about UChicago in an article about the director-general of Hanban are incompatible with a continued equal partnership." This indirectly referred to an interview Xu had with
572:, and the secrecy of undisclosed contracts between schools and Hanban. It concluded that "academic freedom cannot have a price tag" and recommended that if universities will not publish their Confucius Institute agreements, the programs should end. On 24 June, the official Chinese news agency
646:
On the morning of 24 July, the remaining 300 conference participants received their materials, which were now missing four printed pages: the frontispiece mentioning the CCSP sponsorship in the conference abstract and three pages from the conference program. These expurgated pages contained
555:(AAUP) called on the almost 100 American universities that hosted Confucius Institutes to renegotiate their contracts with Hanban. The AAUP's Report on Academic Freedom stated that "Confucius Institutes function as an arm of the Chinese state and are allowed to ignore academic freedom."
661:
said that the censorship has made more
American, European, and Australian academics grow uneasy with Confucius Institutes. It reported that when Ms. Xu met privately with foreign scholars in Shanghai, who asked specifically about the missing pages, "she denied ordering them censored."
614:
commented that the "Xu's hardline behavior highlights one of the biggest problems for Beijing's charm offensive" and that "It still relies on officials like Xu, who still think and act like party ideologues who like to assert their authority and bully people into submission."
588:, the Director-General of Hanban and Chief Executive of the Confucius Institute Headquarters, was involved in two international incidents in 2014. In July, she ordered her staff to remove pages referring to Taiwanese academic institutions from the published program for the
515:). Wuzhou Hanfeng Web Technology Ltd. was registered to Wáng Yǒnglì (王永利), Deputy Director-General of Hanban and Deputy Chief Executive of Confucius Institute Headquarters. This connection led news media and social media commentators to criticize Hanban for
336:) was established in 1987 to "enhance the mutual understanding and friendship between the Chinese people and other peoples of the world, promote economic and trade cooperation as well as scientific, technological and cultural exchanges between them".
684:
reported on Xu's BBC interview, noting that "Critics have argued that China's Confucius Institutes pose a threat to academic freedom in the United States, Canada, Europe and beyond. Now the Beijing official in charge of them has confirmed it."
669:
interviewed Xu Lin in Beijing. When the interviewer brought up the Braga incident, Xu Lin objected and later asked for large portions of the interview to be deleted. One of the claims she made in the interview is that Taiwan
398:
As of July 2019, Hanban has five directors: Ma Jianfei, Zhao Guocheng, Jing Wei, Yu Yunfeng, and Yu Tianqi. Directors of individual Confucius Institutes have four-year tenures, including a one-year probation period.
510:
announced that the winning bid to build and maintain the Confucius Institute website was awarded to Hanban-subsidiary company Wuzhou Hanfeng Web Technology Ltd. (Wuzhou Hanfeng Wangluo Keji 五洲汉风网络科技) for CN¥35.2 million
887:
385:
program. Launched in 2004, the program consists of individual institutions, or Confucius Institutes, in regions around the world, including the U.S., South Korea, Germany, Sweden, and Africa. Hanban also sponsors
503:, stated that: "the construction of Confucius Institutes is an important channel to glorify Chinese culture, to help Chinese culture spread to the world", which is "part of China's foreign propaganda strategy".
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around the world, especially in people who are not native speakers of Chinese. Hanban has worked "closely with overseas organizations to develop Chinese language courses in their respective countries".
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It was originally called the China National Office for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language, which was established in 1987, and acquired its current name in 2020. Hanban is most notable for the
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The Confucius China Studies Program (CCSP), which is administered by the Confucius Institute, was another major sponsor of the conference, and Sun Lam, director of the
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ended its five-year relationship with Hanban after former McMaster Confucius Institute teacher Sonia Zhao quit her job and subsequently complained to the
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544:, a spiritual movement that the Chinese government deems "dangerous". Zhao stated that she was "trained in Beijing to dodge sensitive topics in class".
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labeled Hanban a "government entity". Hanban has been criticized for its Confucius Institute program and for the actions of former Director General
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Academics and journalists have criticized Hanban, particularly the Confucius Institute program that has rapidly grown worldwide since 2004.
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2004:
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listed concerns regarding Confucius Institutes, including the AAUP advising universities to cut Hanban ties, alleged violations of
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tasked with "providing Chinese language and cultural teaching resources and services worldwide". It is commonly referred to as the
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1004:
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that the university was "giving legitimization to discrimination". Under her job contract, Zhao was forced to hide her belief in
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1936:
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Organizationally, Hanban sits directly under the Ministry of Education. It has numerous subdivisions, including the following:
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1217:
627:, Portugal, Xu Lin removed four pages from the conference program and one page from the abstracts, which referred to Taiwan's
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Following a widespread backlash, Hanban changed its name in July 2020 to the Centre for Language Education and Cooperation.
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On 22 July 2014, the evening before the start of the European Association of Chinese Studies (EACS) conference in
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1883:"Public Diplomacy and International Communications: BBC Interview with Xu Lin about Confucius Institutes"
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closed its Confucius Institute, citing incompatibility with Xu's comments regarding the university in a
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1960:
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A decade ago China began opening centres abroad to promote its culture. Some people are pushing back
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Dr. Lam submitted a draft copy of the program to the CCSP, who subsequently approved the materials.
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1907:
Madam Xu's Party Line, Beijing confirms that Confucius Institutes subvert Western academic freedom
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conference in Portugal, claiming the materials were "contrary to Chinese regulations", which the
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Canada's Association of University Teachers Calls on Universities to Close Confucius Institutes
1107:"官人我要建网站：孔子学院网站运营服务3520万元，中国工会网网站改版670万元(页 1) - 聊天空间 - 讨论室-苏辛工作室 - powered by Discuz! Archiver"
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Beijing's Propaganda Lessons: Confucius Institute officials are agents of Chinese censorship
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Beijing's Propaganda Lessons: Confucius Institute officials are agents of Chinese censorship
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administrators to become "anxious" at the thought of shutting down the Confucius Institute.
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1937:"Statement on the Confucius Institute at the University of Chicago | UChicago News"
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1980:
1509:
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information regarding the book exhibition and library donation organized by the Taiwan
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Headquarters of the Center for Language Education and Cooperation, with Hanban markings
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1705:, original version with the censored frontispiece and pages 15/16, 19/20, and 59/60.
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Wall Street Journal: University of Chicago Cuts Ties With Chinese Academic Center
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2011:
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Report: The Deletion of Pages from EACS Conference materials in Braga (July 2014)
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Accounts of Confucius Institute-ordered censorship at Chinese studies conference
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The China National Office for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (NOCFL,
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651:, and the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange.
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described as the "bullying approach to academic freedom". In September, the
1654:
Letter of Protest at Interference in EACS Conference in Portugal, July 2014
1600:
1575:
1025:
944:"Confucius Institutes rebrand after overseas propaganda and influence rows"
569:
496:
1343:
On Partnerships with Foreign Governments: The Case of Confucius Institutes
757:
44:
541:
1715:
European Association for Chinese Studies Offers Formal Apologies to Us
1400:
China Voice: Fear, ignorance behind calls to stem Confucius Institutes
968:"Frequently Asked Questions | Global Maryland, University of Maryland"
1853:"Confucius institute: The hard side of China's soft power - BBC News"
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1299:
Universities and colleges urged to end ties with Confucius Institutes
1179:
688:
1916:, Wall Street Journal, 23 December 2014 (behind paywall, copy here
1614:
China's obstruction at conference hurts cross-strait ties: Taiwan
918:"About Hanban | Confucius Institute at Texas A&M; University"
1522:
China hurts Taiwan's feelings at academic conference in Portugal
1308:, Canadian Association of University Teachers, 17 December 2013.
820:"Chinese Language Education in Europe: the Confucius Institutes"
629:
Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange
390:, a competition in Chinese proficiency for non-native speakers.
274:
2097:
786:
624:
1803:
Academic flap turns up heat on China's Confucius Institutes
501:
Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
1695:
1663:, European Association for Chinese Studies, 1 August 2014.
1643:, European Association for Chinese Studies, 1 August 2014.
378:
develop and promote Chinese language teaching materials".
2085:
1238:
Transparency and corruption – two sides of the same coin?
666:
1257:
McMaster closing Confucius Institute over hiring issues
728:
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
259:
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
238:
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
438:
Division of American and Oceanian Confucius Institutes
1455:
1453:
1215:
Controversy Over Cost of Confucius Institute Website
655:
not so much by going to court but simply by fiat".
1589:EACS to protest Hanban's academic meddling: source
1450:
435:Division of Asian and African Confucius Institutes
1341:AAUP Committee A on Academic Freedom and Tenure,
689:University of Chicago Confucius Institute closure
2109:
1109:. Suxin.crtvu.edu.cn. 2010-01-21. Archived from
285:Office of Chinese Language Council International
476:
1827:"BBC News-The hard side of China's soft power"
1001:"The language of Chinese soft power in the US"
1381:Compulsory education: A setback for Confucius
553:American Association of University Professors
247:Centre for Language Education and Cooperation
180:Centre for Language Education and Cooperation
93:that contextualizes different points of view.
79:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies
998:
213:Organization under the Ministry of Education
1724:, National Policy Foundation, 29 July 2014.
1531:, "Pakistan Defence" website, 4 August 2014
549:Canadian Association of University Teachers
453:Division of Chinese Testing and Scholarship
402:
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2062:The Future of China's Confucius Institutes
1623:, Focus Taiwan News Channel, 28 July 2014.
1192:Chinese Doubt Their Own Soft Power Venture
787:"Confucius Institute Headquarters（Hanban）"
1981:"许琳 王一：对话孔子学院掌门人：文化的困境,在于不知不觉_刘战生曰中_新浪博客"
1447:, The Wall Street Journal, 7 August 2014.
837:
817:
441:Division of European Confucius Institutes
167:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2052:, Wall Street Journal, 27 September 2014
1880:
1850:
1673:European Association for Chinese Studies
1488:, Business Spectator, 29 September 2014.
994:
992:
590:European Association for Chinese Studies
465:Information Office (Editorial Office of
941:
484:
283:), the colloquial abbreviation for the
2110:
1266:, The Globe and Mail, 7 February 2013.
459:Division of Sinology and China Studies
1696:20th Biennial Conference EACS Program
1469:, Inside Higher Ed, 26 September 2014
989:
1735:Foundation angry over EACS brochures
1460:Chicago to Close Confucius Institute
1371:, The Washington Post, 21 June 2014.
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
851:
849:
813:
811:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
429:Division of Development and Planning
120:
59:
18:
580:
462:Division of International Exchanges
13:
2033:, The Economist, 26 September 2014
1970:, Jiefang Daily, 19 September 2014
1792:, Inside Higher Ed, 6 August 2014.
1428:, Bloomberg View, 07 October 2014.
491:Criticisms of Confucius Institutes
450:Division of Teaching and Resources
14:
2144:
2077:
2071:, The Diplomat, 30 September 2014
1939:. News.uchicago.edu. 2014-09-25.
1565:The Undoing of China's Soft Power
1479:Hard times for China's soft power
1362:The price of Confucius Institutes
1319:The Price of Confucius Institutes
901:
846:
808:
739:
618:
417:Division of Discipline Inspection
354:
34:This article has multiple issues.
2014:, The China Post, 1 October 2014
2005:World should watch for Confucius
1983:. Blog.sina.com.cn. 2014-09-20.
1083:The Cost of Confucius Institutes
839:10.1111/j.1465-3435.2008.01371.x
538:Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario
297:Confucius Institute Headquarters
190:
125:
64:
23:
2055:
2036:
2024:Confucius Institutes About-Face
2017:
1998:
1987:from the original on 2016-03-03
1973:
1954:
1943:from the original on 2015-07-15
1929:
1900:
1889:from the original on 2015-07-13
1874:
1863:from the original on 2015-06-25
1844:
1833:from the original on 2016-04-12
1819:
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1751:
1727:
1708:
1689:
1666:
1646:
1626:
1607:
1581:
1557:
1534:
1515:
1499:China fails the soft-power test
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1393:
1374:
1355:
1335:
1311:
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1269:
1250:
1231:
1208:
1185:
1162:
1159:, Beijing News, 22 January 2010
1143:
1124:
1099:
1076:
1065:from the original on 2018-11-08
1047:
1036:from the original on 2018-09-29
1018:
1007:from the original on 2014-10-26
978:from the original on 2019-07-16
867:from the original on 2018-11-08
797:from the original on 2019-05-09
768:from the original on 2019-06-11
381:Hanban is most notable for the
345:AP Chinese Language and Culture
257:) is an organization under the
42:or discuss these issues on the
1140:, China Daily, 22 January 2010
960:
942:Pinghui, Zhuang (2020-07-04).
935:
878:
779:
360:knowledge and interest in the
333:
292:
279:
270:
254:
16:PRC Ministry of Education body
1:
1881:Rawnsley, Gary (2014-12-22).
1851:Sudworth, John (2014-12-22).
1814:The Christian Science Monitor
1390:, Week in China, 4 July 2014.
832:. Volume 44, Issue 1: 65–82.
825:European Journal of Education
733:
658:The Christian Science Monitor
447:Division of Volunteer Affairs
426:Division of Assets Management
339:In 2004, Hanban and the U.S.
2133:Government agencies of China
1247:, Chinahush, 24 January 2010
1026:"Hanban-About Us-Leadership"
920:. 2014-08-19. Archived from
558:A 21 June 2014 editorial in
477:Criticisms and controversies
456:Division of Cultural Affairs
393:
372:
7:
999:Will Wachter (2014-10-11).
711:
508:Chinese Ministry of Finance
414:Division of Human Resources
411:Division of General Affairs
10:
2149:
2118:Chinese-language education
693:On 25 September 2014, the
488:
432:Division of Policy Studies
323:
306:program. It also sponsors
140:Most sources are from 2014
1675:conference 2014 website,
495:While inspecting Hanban,
231:
217:
209:
201:
189:
184:
134:This article needs to be
1169:孔子学院网站运营费3520万 天价费用遭网友质疑
948:South China Morning Post
649:National Central Library
403:Organizational structure
1759:Confucius Controversies
1552:The Wall Street Journal
1419:China's Soft-Power Fail
1409:, Xinhua, 23 June 2014.
758:"Hanban-AboutUs-HanBan"
681:The Wall Street Journal
295:); it is also known as
138:. The reason given is:
1885:. Dic.blogspot.co.uk.
972:globalmaryland.umd.edu
676:Aberystwyth University
665:In December 2014, the
577:and isolate the CPC".
547:In December 2013, the
1226:The Economic Observer
695:University of Chicago
600:University of Chicago
506:In January 2010, the
472:Division of Logistics
87:by rewriting it in a
1131:国家汉办称3520万向下属公司采购不违规
898:, 13 September 2014.
485:Confucius Institutes
444:Division of Teachers
420:Division of Auditing
2123:Confucius Institute
1289:, 25 December 2013.
1094:China Digital Times
718:Confucius Institute
636:University of Minho
595:Wall Street Journal
561:The Washington Post
534:McMaster University
467:Confucius Institute
423:Division of Finance
383:Confucius Institute
304:Confucius Institute
233:Parent organization
181:
2128:Education in China
2067:2014-10-06 at the
2048:2017-04-25 at the
2029:2017-07-02 at the
2010:2015-06-02 at the
1966:2014-10-06 at the
1922:2014-12-27 at the
1912:2017-07-09 at the
1808:2014-08-31 at the
1788:2014-08-09 at the
1781:Elizabeth Redden,
1764:2014-08-12 at the
1757:Elizabeth Redden,
1740:2014-08-09 at the
1720:2014-10-07 at the
1701:2014-08-10 at the
1682:2014-08-11 at the
1659:2014-08-09 at the
1639:2014-08-08 at the
1619:2014-08-08 at the
1594:2014-08-08 at the
1570:2014-08-15 at the
1546:2017-04-25 at the
1527:2014-08-09 at the
1510:Business Spectator
1504:2014-08-08 at the
1484:2014-10-02 at the
1465:2014-10-06 at the
1443:2017-04-25 at the
1424:2014-10-11 at the
1405:2014-07-13 at the
1386:2016-03-30 at the
1367:2017-07-17 at the
1348:2014-08-01 at the
1324:2017-07-17 at the
1304:2014-08-20 at the
1262:2017-11-16 at the
1243:2014-10-25 at the
1220:2014-10-25 at the
1205:, October 17, 2014
1197:2014-12-04 at the
1174:2014-10-25 at the
1155:2015-09-23 at the
1136:2014-10-25 at the
1088:2014-10-25 at the
1059:english.hanban.org
1030:english.hanban.org
890:2017-08-30 at the
861:english.hanban.org
818:Don Starr (2009).
791:english.hanban.org
762:english.hanban.org
611:Business Spectator
529:The Globe and Mail
499:, a member of the
179:
1816:, 22 August 2014.
1801:Robert Marquand,
1733:Shih Hsiu-chuan,
1587:Shih Hsiu-chuan,
1578:", 8 August 2014.
1554:", 7 August 2014.
1317:Editorial board,
1287:Universities News
1228:, 22 January 2010
1182:, 22 January 2010
566:freedom of speech
243:
242:
177:
176:
169:
159:
158:
119:
118:
111:
73:This article may
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2104:
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2100:
2098:Official website
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2086:Official website
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36:Please help
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1859:. Bbc.com.
1829:. YouTube.
1497:Peter Cai,
2112:Categories
1991:2015-07-23
1947:2015-07-23
1893:2015-07-23
1867:2015-07-23
1837:2015-07-23
1150:孔子学院网站天价中标
1117:2015-07-23
1069:2019-07-16
1040:2019-07-16
1011:2014-10-11
982:2019-07-16
953:2020-07-04
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871:2019-07-16
801:2019-07-16
772:2019-07-16
734:References
542:Falun Gong
517:corruption
255:中外语言交流合作中心
185:中外语言交流合作中心
99:March 2015
39:improve it
678:, Wales.
394:Directors
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150:July 2019
45:talk page
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712:See also
218:Location
366:culture
330:Chinese
324:History
289:Chinese
280:Hàn bàn
267:Chinese
251:Chinese
224:Beijing
136:updated
83:Please
586:Xu Lin
574:Xinhua
332::
318:Xu Lin
291::
277::
275:pinyin
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263:Hanban
253::
625:Braga
75:lend
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