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539:, describing her as "this little woman who so often boasts of her American ideals of womanhood and of which her Western friends make so much", accused Halide Edip of "calmly planning with forms of human tortures for Armenian mothers and young women" and taking on "the task of making Turks of their orphaned children."
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As a result of her husband Adnan Adıvar's participation in the establishment of the
Progressive Republican Party, the family moved away from the ruling elite. When the one-party period started in 1926 with the Progressive Republican Party's abolition and the approval of the Law of Reconciliation, she
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At every sunset in the presence of over 1,000 orphans, when the
Turkish flag was lowered, 'Long Live General Pasha!' was recited. That was the first part of the ceremony. Then it was time for punishment for the wrongdoers of the day. They beat us with the falakha , and the top-rank punishment was for
447:
between 1913 and 1914. Komitas was invited to sing at her house several times. While Halide Edib was friendly towards him in person, in her writings she described
Komitas and his music as "Anatolian" instead of Armenian. She claimed that his music had been stolen from Turks and that he "simply turned
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A contemporary described her as "a slight, tiny little person, with masses of auburn hair and large, expressive
Oriental eyes, she has opinions on most subjects, and discusses the problems of the day in a manner which charms one not so much on account of what she says, but because it is so different
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members inciting them to call for her punishment. Talat Pasha refused to administer any and said that "She serves her country in the way she believes. Let her speak her mind; she is sincere." A U.S. High
Commissioner refers to her as a "chauvinist" and someone who is "trying to rehabilitate Turkey."
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Modernizing Turkey and defending its Muslim elite against
Western criticism are key elements of Halide Edip's life's work, but her reluctance to protect Armenian children or even voice empathy for them as victims of genocide shows a basic lack of human compassion. For Halide Edip questions of social
578:
The
Armenian orphans were Islamicised, circumcised and given new Arab or Turkish names. Their new names always kept the initials of the names in which they were baptised. Thus Haroutioun Nadjarian was given the name Hamed Nazih, Boghos Merdanian became Bekir Mohamed, to Sarkis Safarian was given the
814:
Common themes in Halide Edib's novels were strong, independent female characters who succeeded in reaching their goals against strong opposition. She was also a fervent
Turkish nationalist, and several stories highlight the role of women in Turkish independence. She also published a thriller novel,
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Every vestige, and as far as possible every memory, of the children's
Armenian or Kurdish origin was to be done away with. Turkish names were assigned and the children were compelled to undergo the rites prescribed by Islamic law and tradition ... Not a word of Armenian or Kurdish was allowed. The
879:
awarded students a Halide Edip Adıvar scholarship. After Adıvar's involvement in the
Armenian genocide became widely known, the Association attempted to rename the scholarship; however, as of 2021 the name remains because the association's board had not yet obtained the consent of the donor who
448:
the words into Armenian". In addition, she believed that his parents were "probably of Turkish descent" and that "he was an Armenian nationalist whether his origin was Turkish or Armenian, but in temperament and heart he was a real Anatolian Turk if unconsciously."
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wrote that Halide Edip "helped to run this orphanage of terror in which Armenian children were systematically deprived of their Armenian identity and given new Turkish names, forced to become Muslims and beaten savagely if they were heard to speak Armenian".
706:, another journalist who had decided to join the Turkish National Movement. In a meeting at the train station in Geyve, on 31 March 1920, they agreed on the importance of informing the international public opinion about the developments regarding the
396:. She attended the American College again from 1899 to 1901, when she graduated. Her father's house was a center of intellectual activity in Constantinople and even as a child Halide Edib participated in the intellectual life of the city.
682:
began organizing resistance to the occupation, and Edib gained a reputation in Istanbul as a "firebrand and a dangerous agitator." She was one of the main figures of the empire to give speeches to thousands of people protesting the
617:. She also claimed a conspiracy to turn Turkish children into Armenians, "thus also turning the accusations leveled against her for her work at Antoura back toward the Armenians themselves". Watenpaugh writes of her:
604:
that were forcibly assimilated and often abused. He wrote that Edip showed a strong hatred of Armenians in her writings, portraying them as "a mythical and existential enemy of the Ottomans" and even made claims of
553:, was a six-year-old Armenian genocide survivor at the orphanage in 1916. Panian's name was changed to the number 551. He witnessed children that resisted Turkification being punished with beatings and starvation:
324:
intellectual. She was best known for her novels criticizing the low social status of Turkish women and what she saw from her observation as the lack of interest of most women in changing their situation. She was a
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639:, that doesn't make you a killer. There were people who were famous Turkish nationalists like Halide Edip; she advocated assimilation of Armenians, but she very strongly opposed any kind of murder."
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distinction and religion placed limits upon the asserted universal nature of humanity; for her, genocide had not been too high a price to pay for Turkish progress, modernity, and nationalism.
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teachers and overseers were carefully trained to impress Turkish ideas and customs upon the lives of the children and to catechize them regularly on ... the prestige of the Turkish race.
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newspaper condemning the massacres: "We slaughtered the innocent Armenian population ... We tried to extinguish the Armenians through methods that belong to the medieval times".
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Halide Edip's account of her inspectorship emphasizes her humanitarian efforts and her struggles to come to terms with the violence of the situation. However an American witness for
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She received a divorce from Salih Zeki in 1910. Her house became an intellectual salon, especially for those interested in new concepts of Turkishness. She became involved with the
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376:. Halide Edib was educated at home by private tutors from whom she learned European and Ottoman literature, religion, philosophy, sociology, piano playing, English, French, and
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403:, with whom she had two sons. She continued her intellectual activities, however, and in 1908 began writing articles on education and on the status of women for
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Despite her role in the orphanages in Antoura, Halide Edib expressed her sympathies with the Armenians regarding the bloodshed and drew the rage of the
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changes and also taught pedagogy, ethics, and history in various schools. She resigned over a disagreement with the ministry concerning mosque schools.
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471:'s Faculty of Letters . It was during this time that she became increasingly active in Turkey's nationalist movement, influenced by the ideas of
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419:, in 1909. Because of her articles on education, the education ministry hired her to reform girls' schools in Constantinople. She worked with
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Certain documents concerning the establishment of the Anatolian news agency and its work during the war of national independence (1920)
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and the United Kingdom from 1926 to 1939. Halide Edib traveled widely, teaching and lecturing repeatedly in the United States and in
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Turkish Atrocities: Statements of American Missionaries on the Destruction of Christian Communities in Ottoman Turkey, 1915–1917
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380:. She learned Greek from her neighbors and from briefly attending a Greek school in Constantinople. She attended the
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434:(Türk Ocağı) in 1911 and became the first female member in 1912. She was also a founder of the Elevation of Women (
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She married again in 1917 to Dr. Adnan (later Adıvar) and the next year took a job as a lecturer in literature at
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1637:"The Smearing of Koprulu and Adivar by the Current Administration of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association"
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In a 1918 report, American Red Cross officer Major Stephen Trowbridge, met with surviving orphans and reported:
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1425:""This Conduct Was a Crime Against Humanity": An Evaluation of the Initiative to Apologize to the Armenians"
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2007:
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Ellison, Grace Mary. An English woman in a Turkish harem. (1915) London : Methuen & Co., Ltd.
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1564:"'Cheers to the New Life' – Five Turkish serial novels of the 1930s in the popular magazine Yedigün"
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Several of Halide Edib's novels have also been adapted for film and television. One of them is
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530:, about 1,000 Armenian and 200 Kurdish children were "Turkified" at the Collège Saint Joseph.
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1859:
Turks Across Empires: Marketing Muslim Identity in the Russian-Ottoman Borderlands, 1856-1914
1214:"An Anatomy of Nationhood and the Question of Assimilation: Debates on Turkishness Revisited"
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2012:
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1104:"Halide Edib Adıvar | Feminist Writer, Novelist & Activist | Britannica"
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compared the treatment of non-Turkish orphans by Halide Edip and Djemal Pasha to the
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Halide Edib appears as a character in several films and television shows including
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in the nationalist army. She traveled to the fronts, worked in the headquarters of
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Press and Mass Communication in the Middle East: Festschrift for Martin Strohmeier
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1363:, undated confidential report, cited in Hovannisian, page 122; page 141, note 29.
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431:
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1921:"The Turkish Jeanne d'Arc: An Armenian Picture of Remarkable Halide Edib Hanoum"
1469:İkinci Dünya Savaşı Döneminde Gazeteci Sabiha Sertel'in Döneme İlişkin Görüşleri
1291:"The Turkish Jeanne d'Arc: An Armenian Picture of Remarkable Halide Edib Hanoum"
842:(New Turan) calls for the unification of Turkic peoples in Central Asia and the
806:, resigning in 1954; this was the only formal political position she ever held.
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Sonmez, Emel. (1973) "The Novelist Halide Edib Adivar and Turkish Feminism."
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and her husband were accused of treason and escaped to Europe. They lived in
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632:
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Halide Edib died on 9 January 1964 in Istanbul. She was laid to rest at the
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389:
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to an upper-class family. Her father was a secretary of the Ottoman sultan
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2017:
1878:
Stathakopoulos, Dionysios. (2008, November) "The Elusive Eastern Empire."
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1031:(2001) is a coming-of-age story about Halide Edib's youth and maturation.
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981:, New Haven-London: Yale University Press/Oxford University Press, 1930.
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1696:
1229:
1181:"Ottoman medal for 'compassionate' British lady to go under the hammer"
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254:
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2122:
2047:
1962:
1904:
Vauchez, André, Richard Barrie Dobson, & Michael Lapidge. (2000)
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After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, Allied forces
499:
2182:
967:, New York-London: The Century, 1928 (memoir, published in English).
24:
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2222:
1566:. In Börte Sagaster; Theoharis Stavrides; Birgitt Hoffmann (eds.).
843:
833:
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730:
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737:, Commander of the Western Front and wrote her impressions of the
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655:, a weekly established to support the Turkish independence war.
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Turkish military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
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483:
399:
After graduating, she married the mathematician and astronomer
234:
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and the atrocities committed against Turkish civilians by the
456:
956:, New York-London: The Century, 1926 (published in English).
642:
On 21 October 1918, Halide Edip then wrote an article in the
515:
1121:(1st ed.). Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. p. 472.
710:
and decided to help the national struggle by establishing a
478:
In 1916–1917, she acted as Ottoman inspector for schools in
1373:"Historian challenges politically motivated 1915 arguments"
503:
1807:
Iconographic Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature, and Art
794:. She returned to Turkey in 1939, becoming a professor in
336:
Halide Edib Adıvar is also remembered for her role in the
1815:
Remembrance and Denial: The Case of the Armenian Genocide
443:
She became a friend of the Armenian priest and musician
1007:(memoir, published in 1962; translated into English as
1142:
1140:
1138:
997:(first published in English in 1937 and in Turkish as
987:(first published in English in 1935 and in Turkish as
1570:. Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press. p. 269.
1166:
1164:
498:. The students at these schools included hundreds of
1757:
The Ottoman Lady: A Social History from 1718 to 1918
1347:
1345:
819:(Murder in Yolpalas), which was first serialized in
649:
From 1919 to 1920 she was among the contributors of
1740:Adler, Philip J., & Randall L. Pouwels. (2007)
1711:
Indy in the Classroom: Documentaries: Masks of Evil
1135:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1764:House with Wisteria: Memoirs of Turkey Old and New
1544:Halide Edip Adıvar’ın Hindistan’daki Konferansları
1499:Anadolu Ajansı. Kuruluşundan Bugüne Anadolu Ajansı
1161:
1154:
1152:
1080:Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian genocide
526:and under the direction of Halide Edib Adıvar and
1399:Judgment at Istanbul the Armenian genocide trials
1342:
694:Edib eventually left Constantinople and moved to
658:
316:in English; 11 June 1884 – 9 January 1964) was a
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825:magazine between 12 August and 21 October 1936.
16:Turkish novelist, teacher and political activist
1766:by Halide Edip Adıvar. Transaction Publishers.
1149:
1561:
880:sponsors the Halide Edip Adıvar scholarships.
1978:
1455:(1–7). Cosmos Communications Group: 36. 1998.
602:Canadian schools for Native American children
1395:
836:in several of her novels. Her book entitled
329:and several of her novels advocated for the
1465:
1985:
1971:
1919:Yeghenian, Aghavnie. (1922, September 17)
133:
1613:(in Turkish). Yazar Mezar. Archived from
1396:Dadrian, Vahakn N.; Akçam, Taner (2011).
1064:, a documentary film for school children.
678:and various other regions of the empire.
384:briefly in 1893. In 1897, she translated
320:novelist, teacher, and a nationalist and
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2924:Women in the Turkish War of Independence
1402:. New York: Berghahn Books. p. 28.
764:
662:
561:
455:
351:
1934:"Living Proof of the Armenian Genocide"
1886:"Turk Nationalists Organize to Resist."
1310:"Living Proof of the Armenian Genocide"
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1183:. Hurriyet Daily News. 24 January 2015.
877:Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association
392:, for which the sultan awarded her the
2869:20th-century Turkish women politicians
2856:
1992:
1875:, New Ser. Vol. 14, Issue 1/4: 81–115.
1116:
698:together with her husband to join the
566:Halide Edip with her converted orphans
2909:Academic staff of Istanbul University
1966:
1416:
1015:
702:. On the road to Ankara she met with
570:Emile Joppin, the head priest at the
460:Early photo of Halide Edib wearing a
451:
307:
159:14 May 1950 – 5 January 1954
147:Member of the Grand National Assembly
1762:Erol, Sibel. (2009) Introduction to
1295:
1218:Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism
631:On the other hand, German historian
304:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1850:Marcosson, Isaac Frederick. (1938)
1652:Retrieved 4 September 2009 Kurtulus
1173:
786:. She collected her impressions of
725:she was granted the ranks of first
574:, wrote in a 1947 school magazine:
13:
2959:Witnesses of the Armenian genocide
2874:20th-century Turkish women writers
1947:Notable Ladies: Halide Edib Adivar
1682:The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles
1211:
1045:The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles
922:(1922; translated into English as
592:Professor of Human Rights Studies
14:
2990:
2929:Novelists from the Ottoman Empire
2864:Anti-Armenian sentiment in Turkey
1940:
1422:
415:. She published her first novel,
2954:Burials at Merkezefendi Cemetery
2836:
2835:
2823:
1817:. Wayne State University Press.
760:
394:Order of Charity (Şefkat Nişanı)
340:of children orphaned during the
23:
2969:Üsküdar American Academy alumni
1959:by Turkish Cultural Foundation.
1906:Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
1813:Hovannisian, Richard G. (1999)
1703:
1688:
1673:
1658:
1643:
1629:
1603:
1592:
1555:
1537:
1528:
1510:
1492:
1483:
1459:
1437:
1389:
1366:
1354:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1253:
1244:
1062:The Greedy Heart of Halide Edib
846:under an empire led by Turkey.
628:Committee of Union and Progress
572:Saint Joseph College in Antoura
34:needs additional citations for
2974:20th-century Turkish novelists
1936:(9 March 2010) The Independent
1901:. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
1779:"Adana. Inquiry Document 813."
1777:Fisher, Harriet Julia. (1917)
1445:"Eye Witnesses Tell The Story"
1312:(9 March 2010) The Independent
1289:page 97. (1922, September 17)
1205:
1196:
1187:
1110:
1096:
1060:Halide Edib is the subject of
883:
849:
802:. In 1950, she was elected to
714:. They concurred on the name "
667:In a demonstration during the
659:During the War of Independence
522:orphans. In the course of the
1:
1727:
1721:. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
1700:. Retrieved 4 September 2009.
1685:. Retrieved 4 September 2009.
1670:. Retrieved 4 September 2009.
809:
798:at the Faculty of Letters in
347:
1866:Contemporary Turkish Writers
1742:World Civilizations: To 1700
1733:Adıvar, Halide Edip. (1926)
1117:Adıvar, Halide Edib (2004).
1090:
635:says: "And even if you're a
436:
7:
1828:Kévorkian, Raymond. (2006)
1068:
875:Starting in the 1970s, the
708:Turkish War of Independence
687:by Greek forces during the
669:Turkish War of Independence
10:
2995:
1895:Üsküdar American Academy.
1861:. Oxford University Press.
1810:. Trans. Spencer F. Baird.
1475:(MA thesis) (in Turkish).
985:The Clown and His Daughter
953:The Memoirs of Halide Edib
689:Sultanahmet demonstrations
382:American College for Girls
269:American College for Girls
2817:
2769:Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu
2316:
2076:
2000:
1830:Le Génocide des Arméniens
1694:Internet Movie Database.
1679:Internet Movie Database.
1664:Internet Movie Database.
1649:Internet Movie Database.
1534:Marcosson, pages 174–175.
1212:Al, Serhun (April 2015).
1085:Women in Turkish politics
1001:in its entirety in 2014.)
870:
855:from what one expected".
788:India as a British colony
700:Turkish National Movement
547:Karnig Panian, author of
290:
282:
274:
264:
250:
240:
230:
219:
203:
187:
182:
178:
163:
152:
145:
141:
132:
125:
2894:Turkish feminist writers
2298:Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi
1898:About Halide Edip Adıvar
858:
411:and the women's journal
360:Halide Edib was born in
2934:Turkish women novelists
2914:Turkish women academics
2904:Turkish women activists
2489:Halide Nusret Zorlutuna
2178:Kınalızâde Hasan Çelebi
1843:Larousse.fr. (No date)
1562:Börte Sagaster (2018).
1378:2 December 2013 at the
1005:Türk'ün Ateşle İmtihanı
741:policy of the invading
676:occupied Constantinople
309:[haːliˈdeeˈdib]
2979:Turkish Army personnel
2729:Şevket Süreyya Aydemir
2504:Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar
2419:Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı
2238:Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem
1864:Mitler, Louis. (1997)
1847:Retrieved 3 June 2010.
1832:. Odile Jacob, Paris.
1735:Memoirs of Halidé Edib
1277:Adıvar, pages 431–471.
1119:Memoirs of Halidé Edib
924:The Daughter of Smyrna
774:
671:
624:
594:Keith David Watenpaugh
590:
581:
579:name Safouad Sulieman.
567:
560:
464:
357:
2889:Writers from Istanbul
2694:Sabri Esat Siyavuşgil
2589:Necip Fazıl Kısakürek
2559:Memduh Şevket Esendal
2324:Abdülhak Şinasi Hisar
2283:Tâcîzâde Cafer Çelebi
2268:Prizrenli Suzi Çelebi
2088:Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan
1857:Meyer, James. (2014)
1755:Davis, Fanny. (1986)
1193:Erol, pages vii–viii.
865:Merkezefendi Cemetery
768:
680:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
666:
619:
585:
576:
565:
555:
459:
355:
224:Merkezefendi Cemetery
2939:Turkish nationalists
2759:Vasfi Mahir Kocatürk
2699:Sait Faik Abasıyanık
2549:Mehmet Emin Yurdakul
2499:Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil
2469:Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca
2464:Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel
2344:Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar
2188:Mehmet Emin Yurdakul
1923:(letter to editor).
1744:. Cengage Learning.
1617:on 14 September 2011
1611:"Halide Edip Adıvar"
1489:"Turk Nationalists."
1466:Hülya Semiz (2008).
1361:Mark Lambert Bristol
1170:Kévorkian, page 843.
1146:Meyer, pages 161-162
704:Yunus Nadi Abalıoğlu
685:occupation of Smyrna
613:similar to those in
488:Collège Saint Joseph
312:, sometimes spelled
58:"Halide Edib Adıvar"
43:improve this article
2764:Yahya Kemal Beyatlı
2684:Ruşen Eşref Ünaydın
2674:Reşat Nuri Güntekin
2634:Oktay Rıfat Horozcu
2544:Mehmet Fuat Köprülü
2494:Halit Fahri Ozansoy
2454:Ercüment Ekrem Talu
2449:Enis Behiç Koryürek
2399:Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı
2349:Ahmet Muhip Dıranas
2293:Yahya bey Dukagjini
1873:Die Welt des Islams
1804:Heck, J. G. (1852)
1793:, Ann Arbor. 1998.
1576:10.20378/irbo-50016
1477:Istanbul University
1009:House with Wisteria
637:Turkish nationalist
469:Istanbul University
338:forced assimilation
2624:Orhan Hançerlioğlu
2554:Melih Cevdet Anday
2534:Kenan Hulusi Koray
2484:Halide Edib Adıvar
2248:Samipaşazade Sezai
2033:Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli
2008:Aşık Mahzuni Şerif
1994:Turkish literature
1957:Halide Edip Adivar
1882:, Vol. 58, No. 11.
1854:. Ayer Publishing.
1716:2011-05-28 at the
1697:Halide Edip Adivar
1549:2013-11-27 at the
1504:2013-01-15 at the
1351:Adıvar, pages 388.
1339:Panian, page xvii.
1268:Adıvar, pages 422.
1259:Adıvar, pages 421.
1230:10.1111/sena.12121
1016:In popular culture
964:The Turkish Ordeal
928:The Shirt of Flame
796:English literature
775:
755:The Turkish Ordeal
672:
568:
558:speaking Armenian.
536:The New York Times
465:
452:During World War I
423:on curriculum and
358:
297:Halide Edib Adıvar
226:, Istanbul, Turkey
127:Halide Edib Adıvar
2964:Deputies of İzmir
2899:Turkish activists
2851:
2850:
2830:Turkey portal
2724:Suut Kemal Yetkin
2669:Refik Halit Karay
2649:Orhan Şaik Gökyay
2644:Orhan Seyfi Orhon
2354:Ahmet Kutsi Tecer
2138:Fatma Aliye Topuz
1914:978-1-57958-282-1
1888:(1920, March 20)
1823:978-0-8143-2777-7
1791:Gomidas Institute
1772:978-1-4128-1002-9
1750:978-0-495-50261-6
1585:978-3-86309-527-7
1330:Panian, page xvi.
1321:Panian, page xii.
1158:Fisher, page 164.
1054:Yolpalas Cinayeti
978:Turkey Faces West
817:Yolpalas Cinayeti
723:Greco-Turkish War
611:child cannibalism
524:Armenian genocide
342:Armenian genocide
294:
293:
119:
118:
111:
93:
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2828:
2827:
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2794:Yusuf Ziya Ortaç
2779:Yaşar Nabi Nayır
2654:Orhan Veli Kanık
2609:Nihal Yeğinobalı
2429:Ece Ayhan Çağlar
2384:Behçet Necatigil
2158:Imadaddin Nasimi
2128:Cenâb Şehâbeddîn
2108:Ali Canip Yöntem
2058:Pir Sultan Abdal
1987:
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1386:, 22 March 2009.
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999:Hindistan'a Dair
751:Western Anatolia
550:Goodbye, Antoura
440:) organization.
439:
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214:Istanbul, Turkey
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2804:Ziya Osman Saba
2569:Murathan Mungan
2312:
2093:Ahdi of Baghdad
2078:
2072:
2023:Erzurumlu Emrah
1996:
1991:
1952:Halide's Ordeal
1943:
1925:New York Times,
1890:New York Times,
1852:Turbulent Years
1783:James L. Barton
1730:
1725:
1718:Wayback Machine
1708:
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769:Halide Edib by
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432:Turkish Hearths
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301:Ottoman Turkish
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401:Salih Zeki Bey
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1880:History Today
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1479:. p. 20.
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2944:Pan-Turkists
2840:
2821:
2704:Salah Birsel
2659:Özdemir Asaf
2579:Nâzım Hikmet
2564:Murat Gülsoy
2483:
2479:Haldun Taner
2444:Emine Işınsu
2409:Cemal Süreya
2394:Buket Uzuner
2389:Bilge Karasu
2364:Attilâ İlhan
2359:Aslı Erdoğan
2263:Sultan Veled
2208:Muallim Naci
2173:Katib Çelebi
2143:Fitnat Hanım
2098:Ahmet Mithat
1931:Fisk, Robert
1924:
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1619:. Retrieved
1615:the original
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890:Seviye Talip
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792:Inside India
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790:in her book
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652:Büyük Mecmua
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528:Djemal Pasha
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421:Nakiye Hanım
417:Seviye Talip
416:
408:
398:
390:Jacob Abbott
385:
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296:
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259:Adnan Adıvar
209:(1964-01-09)
191:11 June 1884
164:Constituency
154:
120:
105:
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86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2884:1964 deaths
2879:1884 births
2799:Ziya Gökalp
2784:Yılmaz Onay
2774:Yaşar Kemal
2749:Turgut Uyar
2739:Tomris Uyar
2734:Tarık Buğra
2679:Rıfat Ilgaz
2664:Peyami Safa
2639:Orhan Pamuk
2629:Orhan Kemal
2604:Nihal Atsız
2599:Nezihe Araz
2529:Kemal Tahir
2474:Güven Turan
2439:Elif Shafak
2414:Cemil Meriç
2339:Ahmet Haşim
2334:Ahmet Altan
2303:Zafer Hanım
2213:Namık Kemal
2203:Mihri Hatun
2118:Aşık Çelebi
2103:Ahmet Rasim
2053:Neşet Ertaş
2038:Karacaoğlan
2013:Âşık Veysel
1845:"Istanbul."
940:Kalb Ağrısı
884:Major works
850:Description
830:Pan-Turkist
735:İsmet Pasha
721:During the
712:news agency
607:blood libel
541:Robert Fisk
473:Ziya Gökalp
327:Pan-Turkist
314:Halidé Edib
241:Nationality
231:Citizenship
2858:Categories
2754:Ülkü Tamer
2519:İsmet Özel
2509:İlhan Berk
2379:Aziz Nesin
2374:Ayşe Kulin
2369:Ayfer Tunç
2308:Ziya Pasha
2278:Şeyh Gâlib
2168:İsa Necati
2113:Ali Çelebi
2068:Yunus Emre
1728:References
1667:Cumhuriyet
1621:14 October
1040:Cumhuriyet
1021:The novel
934:Çıkan Kuri
908:Yeni Turan
839:Yeni Turan
828:She was a
810:Literature
804:Parliament
747:Greek Army
348:Early life
333:movement.
305:خالده اديب
275:Occupation
255:Salih Zeki
69:newspapers
2949:Turanists
2619:Oğuz Atay
2514:İnci Aral
2404:Can Yücel
2048:Nasreddin
2018:Dadaloğlu
1238:1473-8481
1091:Footnotes
991:in 1936).
914:Son Eseri
729:and then
265:Education
251:Spouse(s)
155:In office
2842:Category
2253:Sehi Bey
1927:page 97.
1714:Archived
1547:Archived
1520:Archived
1502:Archived
1376:Archived
1069:See also
1036:Kurtuluş
844:Caucasus
834:Turanism
800:Istanbul
731:sergeant
727:corporal
696:Anatolia
598:American
512:Maronite
508:Assyrian
500:Armenian
492:Aintoura
486:and the
480:Damascus
425:pedagogy
366:Istanbul
331:Turanism
322:feminist
278:Novelist
2228:Nergisî
2080:Ottoman
2063:Seyrani
2028:Gevheri
1892:page 5.
1430:Birikim
973:(1928).
958:Profile
948:(1926).
942:(1924).
936:(1922).
916:(1919).
910:(1912).
904:(1918).
898:(1912).
892:(1910).
822:Yedigün
520:Turkish
516:Kurdish
462:yashmak
445:Komitas
318:Turkish
245:Turkish
83:scholar
2243:Riyazi
2198:Mesihi
2183:Latifî
2148:Fuzuli
1912:
1836:
1821:
1797:
1770:
1748:
1582:
1406:
1236:
1125:
1042:, and
896:Handan
871:Legacy
780:France
773:, 1928
518:, and
484:Beirut
386:Mother
378:Arabic
283:Awards
235:Turkey
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2223:Nef'i
2218:Nedîm
1473:(PDF)
859:Death
784:India
644:Vakit
413:Demet
409:Tanin
168:İzmir
90:JSTOR
76:books
2123:Bâkî
2001:Folk
1910:ISBN
1834:ISBN
1819:ISBN
1795:ISBN
1768:ISBN
1746:ISBN
1623:2011
1580:ISBN
1404:ISBN
1234:ISSN
1123:ISBN
609:and
600:and
504:Arab
204:Died
188:Born
172:1950
62:news
1781:In
1572:doi
1226:doi
1027:by
926:or
749:in
718:".
490:in
388:by
368:),
45:by
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1785:,
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1427:.
1382:,
1344:^
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1137:^
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1979:t
1972:v
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