170:
354:
27:
469:
374:
398:
414:
386:
454:
267:
The scarcity of convertible currency in the East German economy prompted the country to manufacture as many products as possible domestically. For HFO this resulted in an unusually broad spectrum of integrated circuits for a manufacturer its size. In 1987 HFO manufactured about 300 different basic
250:
VEB Halbleiterwerk was succeeded, in turn, by
Halbleiterwerk GmbH, System Microelectronic Innovation GmbH (SMI), Silicon Microelectronic Integration GmbH (SiMI), Megaxess GmbH Deutschland, and Microtechnology Services Frankfurt (Oder) GmbH (MSF), each with less employees than its predecessor. The
234:
restrictions and the scarcity of convertible currency in the East German economy, semiconductor manufacturing equipment could not be bought in the West. HFO resorted to building some of the equipment themselves, such as a chip sorter that automatically measured circuit parameters at different
446:
for hobbyists. Initially, transistors that did not meet the official specifications or surplus transistors (as HFO was also the main importer of transistors for East
Germany) were packaged into kits. Kits for devices such as an amplifier for record players followed later.
674:"Gleiche Chancen ungleich genutzt? Erwerbsbiographische Mobilitätspfade im ostdeutschen Transformationsprozeß zwischen 1990 und 1996. Studie zum beruflichen Verbleib einer ausgewählten Ingenieurgruppe des VEB Halbleiterwerk Frankfurt (Oder)"
143:. In 1989, HFO produced 110 million integrated circuits (70% of all integrated circuits produced in the GDR in that year), 9.7 million transistors, and 150 million transistor chips. Despite this, HFO did not rise to prominence like
180:
In
January 1958, the production of germanium diodes started in the building of a former vocational school. Halbleiterwerk Frankfurt (Oder) was officially founded on 1 January 1959. In January 1961 new production facilities for
429:
Like most larger enterprises in East
Germany, HFO was obligated to produce consumer goods in order to alleviate the general shortage of the latter. The main product range of HFO's consumer goods department was a series of
268:
types of integrated circuits (i.e. excluding variants selected based on certain parameters). This meant that many production runs were small and economies of scale could not be achieved. HFO was the sole producer of
226:) and the A110C (a clone of the Fairchild ÎĽA710). Starting in 1974, lower-cost plastic packages began to replace the initially used ceramic packages for integrated circuits. In order to reduce production costs the
673:
353:
995:
434:(RC35, RC85, RC86, RC87, RC100). One clock-radio model, the TRR81, sported a built-in pocket calculator. Further consumer products were the video game console
915:
787:
280:
744:
692:
256:
468:
169:
373:
990:
188:
and diodes went into operation in the
Markendorf quarter of Frankfurt (Oder). The development of germanium transistors continued with
985:
230:
was increased from 25 mm in 1961 to 36 mm in 1967, 51 mm in 1976, 76 mm in 1978, and 100 mm in 1986. Due to
211:
336:
154:
716:"Bericht von der Leipziger FrĂĽhjahrsmesse 1972 - Bauelemente" [Report from the Leipzig Spring Fair 1972 - Components].
252:
980:
485:
413:
157:). Also unlike Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden and VEB Mikroelektronik "Karl Marx" Erfurt, HFO did not survive long after
397:
618:
923:
683:(in German). Frankfurt (Oder): Frankfurter Institut für Transformationsstudien an der Europa Universität Viadrina.
364:
321:
276:
239:
144:
227:
975:
329:
325:
812:
404:
385:
269:
140:
837:
215:
185:
638:
919:
862:
309:
transistor chips (to be packaged into finished transistors at VEB Mikroelektronik "Anna
Seghers"
58:
297:
453:
888:
360:
286:
158:
126:
40:
8:
497:
26:
316:
310:
293:
223:
219:
725:
684:
614:
259:, the research institute that had supported VEB Halbleiterwerk, remained after that.
200:
442:
energizers for agricultural use. Closer to its main product lines, HFO also offered
889:"Digitalisierung des Telefons: Erste, integrierte Schaltkreise (IC) aus Ost-Berlin"
304:
251:
website of MSF disappeared around 2009. Construction on a new semiconductor plant,
189:
102:
206:
The age of integrated circuits began for HFO in 1971 with the mass production of
193:
944:
203:
followed in 1967. The production of germanium devices was discontinued in 1977.
443:
439:
339:, especially for telecommunications, including high-voltage devices (90 V)
969:
729:
688:
197:
570:
536:
582:
578:
574:
566:
292:
linear integrated circuits for consumer and industrial applications (e.g.
431:
207:
556:
552:
548:
544:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
474:
Booklet accompanying a set of germanium transistors for hobbyists (1974)
528:
173:
560:
540:
532:
182:
865:. MSF Microtechnology Services Frankfurt (Oder) GmbH. Archived from
379:
Linear integrated circuits (with quality marking; manufactured 1981)
945:"Vorseriengeräte, Mustergeräte und Sonderanfertigungen für Anlässe"
503:
Analysis of integrated circuits manufactured by HFO (in German):
279:
circuits: D1xx, D2xx, DLxxx, and DSxxx series (equivalent to the
272:
integrated circuits in East
Germany. The product range included:
255:, had started already but this endeavour collapsed in 2003. Only
235:
temperatures (Uni-Sorter 6202) or a wafer test system (SSM100).
460:
435:
149:
139:) was the largest manufacturer of semiconductor devices in the
347:
integrated circuits for pocket calculators was added in 1982.
231:
16:
East
Germany's largest manufacturer of semiconductor devices
344:
153:
fame) or VEB Mikroelektronik "Karl Marx" Erfurt (known for
45:
419:
High voltage bipolar power transistor (manufactured 1984)
343:
In addition to the bipolar devices, a production line for
841:
565:
Analysis of transistors manufactured by HFO (in German):
176:
866:
613:(in German). Dessau: Funk Verlag Bernhard Hein e.K.
813:"Produktion von mikroelektronischen Bauelementen"
967:
500:at robotrontechnik.de (in German, more pictures)
996:Scientific organisations based in East Germany
909:
907:
905:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
724:(10). Berlin: VEB Verlag Technik: 309. 1972.
604:
602:
600:
598:
788:"Das Halbleiterwek Frankfurt (Oder), Teil 2"
745:"Das Halbleiterwek Frankfurt (Oder), Teil 1"
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
210:digital circuits that had been developed by
840:. Megaxess GmbH Deutschland. Archived from
937:
913:
902:
762:
736:
595:
25:
709:
652:
632:
630:
805:
671:
337:application-specific integrated circuits
222:a year later: the A109C (a clone of the
168:
830:
785:
742:
636:
608:
498:VEB Halbleiterwerk Frankfurt/Oder (HFO)
968:
627:
407:integrated circuit (manufactured 1988)
253:Communicant Semiconductor Technologies
880:
212:Arbeitsstelle fĂĽr Molekularelektronik
639:"Die Halbleiterindustrie in der DDR"
486:Electronics industry in East Germany
391:Transistor array (manufactured 1987)
681:Arbeitsberichte - Discussion Papers
13:
991:Semiconductor companies of Germany
855:
14:
1007:
916:"Wecken mit Radios aus Frankfurt"
886:
758:(248). Düsseldorf: GFGF: 253–256.
491:
424:
986:Electronics companies of Germany
914:Steinkraus, Doris (2016-03-31).
467:
452:
412:
396:
384:
372:
352:
322:mixed-signal integrated circuits
801:(249). Düsseldorf: GFGF: 28–31.
367:series; manufactured 1988–1990)
240:Kombinat Mikroelektronik Erfurt
238:In 1978, HFO became a part of
145:Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden
129:Halbleiterwerk Frankfurt (Oder)
20:Halbleiterwerk Frankfurt (Oder)
330:digital-to-analogue converters
326:analogue-to-digital converters
1:
588:
359:Digital integrated circuits (
289:circuits: D410D, E412D, E435E
281:74, 74H, 74LS, and 74S series
245:
981:Defunct companies of Germany
637:Berkner, Jörg (2016-04-12).
7:
672:Valerius, Gabriele (1998).
479:
262:
10:
1012:
718:Radio Fernsehen Elektronik
303:low-power transistors and
216:linear integrated circuits
186:alloy-junction transistors
164:
141:German Democratic Republic
113:
97:
82:
64:
54:
33:
24:
641:(in German). HĂĽthig GmbH
611:Halbleiter aus Frankfurt
819:(in German). 2020-02-10
335:custom and semi-custom
218:were introduced at the
786:Berkner, Jörg (2020).
743:Berkner, Jörg (2019).
609:Berkner, Jörg (2005).
177:
70:; 65 years ago
920:Märkische Oderzeitung
172:
976:Volkseigene Betriebe
159:German Reunification
68:January 1, 1959
459:Video game console
317:Hall effect sensors
220:Leipzig Spring Fair
214:Dresden. The first
155:its microprocessors
115:Number of employees
21:
949:www.rft-geraete.de
817:robotrontechnik.de
311:Neuhaus am Rennweg
201:planar transistors
178:
19:
305:transistor arrays
190:drift transistors
123:
122:
1003:
960:
959:
957:
956:
941:
935:
934:
932:
931:
922:. Archived from
911:
900:
899:
897:
896:
884:
878:
877:
875:
874:
859:
853:
852:
850:
849:
834:
828:
827:
825:
824:
809:
803:
802:
792:
783:
760:
759:
749:
740:
734:
733:
713:
707:
706:
704:
703:
697:
691:. Archived from
678:
669:
650:
649:
647:
646:
634:
625:
624:
606:
471:
456:
416:
400:
388:
376:
356:
194:mesa transistors
119:8200 (1989)
103:Frankfurt (Oder)
93:
91:
78:
76:
71:
29:
22:
18:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
1000:
966:
965:
964:
963:
954:
952:
943:
942:
938:
929:
927:
912:
903:
894:
892:
885:
881:
872:
870:
861:
860:
856:
847:
845:
836:
835:
831:
822:
820:
811:
810:
806:
790:
784:
763:
747:
741:
737:
715:
714:
710:
701:
699:
695:
676:
670:
653:
644:
642:
635:
628:
621:
607:
596:
591:
494:
482:
475:
472:
463:
457:
444:electronic kits
427:
420:
417:
408:
401:
392:
389:
380:
377:
368:
357:
265:
248:
224:Fairchild ÎĽA709
196:in 1966. First
167:
116:
109:
105:
89:
87:
74:
72:
69:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1009:
999:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
962:
961:
936:
901:
879:
854:
829:
804:
795:Funkgeschichte
761:
752:Funkgeschichte
735:
708:
651:
626:
619:
593:
592:
590:
587:
586:
585:
563:
501:
493:
492:External links
490:
489:
488:
481:
478:
477:
476:
473:
466:
464:
458:
451:
440:electric fence
426:
425:Consumer goods
423:
422:
421:
418:
411:
409:
402:
395:
393:
390:
383:
381:
378:
371:
369:
358:
351:
341:
340:
333:
319:
314:
307:
301:
290:
284:
264:
261:
247:
244:
166:
163:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
101:
99:
95:
94:
84:
80:
79:
66:
62:
61:
59:Semiconductors
56:
52:
51:
49:
48:
43:
37:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1008:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
971:
950:
946:
940:
926:on 2020-03-27
925:
921:
918:(in German).
917:
910:
908:
906:
890:
887:Heinz, Gerd.
883:
869:on 2009-06-11
868:
864:
858:
844:on 2002-01-18
843:
839:
833:
818:
814:
808:
800:
797:(in German).
796:
789:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
757:
754:(in German).
753:
746:
739:
731:
727:
723:
720:(in German).
719:
712:
698:on 2016-11-04
694:
690:
686:
682:
675:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
640:
633:
631:
622:
620:3-936124-56-6
616:
612:
605:
603:
601:
599:
594:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
499:
496:
495:
487:
484:
483:
470:
465:
462:
455:
450:
449:
448:
445:
441:
437:
433:
415:
410:
406:
399:
394:
387:
382:
375:
370:
366:
362:
355:
350:
349:
348:
346:
338:
334:
331:
327:
323:
320:
318:
315:
312:
308:
306:
302:
299:
295:
291:
288:
285:
282:
278:
275:
274:
273:
271:
260:
258:
254:
243:
241:
236:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
204:
202:
199:
195:
191:
187:
184:
175:
171:
162:
160:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:(abbreviated
130:
128:
118:
112:
104:
100:
96:
85:
81:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
47:
44:
42:
39:
38:
36:
32:
28:
23:
953:. Retrieved
948:
939:
928:. Retrieved
924:the original
893:. Retrieved
882:
871:. Retrieved
867:the original
857:
846:. Retrieved
842:the original
832:
821:. Retrieved
816:
807:
798:
794:
755:
751:
738:
721:
717:
711:
700:. Retrieved
693:the original
680:
643:. Retrieved
610:
432:clock-radios
428:
342:
266:
249:
237:
205:
192:in 1963 and
179:
174:Shift change
150:megabit chip
148:
136:
132:
125:
124:
98:Headquarters
34:Company type
951:(in German)
891:(in German)
365:74 and 74LS
208:7400 series
970:Categories
955:2020-03-26
930:2022-11-30
895:2020-03-28
873:2017-11-29
848:2017-11-27
838:"About Us"
823:2020-03-18
702:2022-11-30
645:2017-11-07
589:References
246:After 1990
228:wafer size
75:1959-01-01
863:"Welcome"
730:0033-7900
689:1431-0708
183:germanium
480:See also
263:Products
55:Industry
403:12-bit
270:bipolar
198:silicon
165:History
108:Germany
88: (
83:Defunct
73: (
65:Founded
728:
687:
617:
461:BSS 01
436:BSS 01
791:(PDF)
748:(PDF)
696:(PDF)
677:(PDF)
583:SS109
579:SL113
575:SF137
571:SF123
567:GD170
561:KA601
557:DL020
553:DL003
509:A3520
298:B3170
232:CoCom
726:ISSN
685:ISSN
615:ISBN
549:D172
545:D146
541:C565
537:B556
533:B555
529:B461
525:B387
521:B386
517:B385
513:B384
505:A210
438:and
345:CMOS
328:and
294:B555
147:(of
90:1992
86:1992
46:GmbH
405:ADC
361:HTL
287:HTL
277:TTL
257:IHP
137:HWF
135:or
133:HFO
127:VEB
41:VEB
972::
947:.
904:^
815:.
799:43
793:.
764:^
756:42
750:.
722:21
679:.
654:^
629:^
597:^
581:,
577:,
573:,
569:,
559:,
555:,
551:,
547:,
543:,
539:,
535:,
531:,
527:,
523:,
519:,
515:,
511:,
507:,
363:,
296:,
242:.
161:.
106:,
958:.
933:.
898:.
876:.
851:.
826:.
732:.
705:.
648:.
623:.
332:)
324:(
313:)
300:)
283:)
92:)
77:)
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