52:
955:
33:
959:
333:
271:
430:
When a man died he was carried up on the forecastle and laid there until the next morning at 8 o'clock when they were all lowered down the ships sides by a rope round them in the same manner as tho' they were beasts. There was 8 died of a day while I was there. They were carried on shore in heaps and
304:
The braces, bowlines shot away several times, also the staysail halyards. The running rigging very much shattered. The main topsail yard shot ... the foremast shot through about the collar of the mainstay, and another wound in the after part of the mast ... the mainmast shot about two thirds up from
388:
were kept were abysmal; men were crammed below decks with no natural light or fresh air, and the inability of
Patriot forces to supply adequate food meant daily rations given to them were meager and insufficient. Up to 1,100 men were imprisoned on board a ship designed for a 400-man complement of
447:
The heat was so intense that (the hot sun shining all day on deck) they were all naked, which also served the well to get rid of vermin, but the sick were eaten up alive. Their sickly countenances, and ghastly looks were truly horrible; some swearing and blaspheming; others crying, praying, and
448:
wringing their hands; and stalking about like ghosts; others delirious, raving and storming,—all panting for breath; some dead, and corrupting. The air was so foul that at times a lamp could not be kept burning, by reason of which the bodies were not missed until they had been dead ten days.
467:
currently lists 4,435 American battle deaths during the
Revolutionary War. Another 20,000 are listed as having died in captivity, from disease, or for other reasons. Approximately 11,000 Americans died aboard prison ships during the course of the war, many from disease or malnutrition.
811:
The
Destructive Operation of Foul Air, Tainted Provisions, Bad Water, and Personal Filthiness, upon Human Constitutions; Exemplified in the Unparalleled Cruelty of the British to the American Captives at New-York during the Revolutionary War, on Board their Prison and Hospital
431:
hove out the boat on the wharf then taken across a hand barrow, carried to the edge of the bank where a hole was dug 1 or 2 feet deep and all hove in together. It is reported that 11700 and odd was buried at this place and in this manner.
2344:
400:, as angered guards took out their frustrations on the ship's prisoners. Roughly 12,000 American prisoners of war died onboard British prison ships before the end of the war. As many as eight prisoners from
506:
had been found. While pile driving a new dock, the wood from the ship was encountered precisely where the burned hulk was reported to lay after the
British abandoned the ship and she was set on fire.
765:
The old Jersey captive: Or, A narrative of the captivity of Thomas Andros...on board the old Jersey prison ship at New York, 1781. In a series of letters to a friend.
2334:
791:
Revolutionary
Incidents of Suffolk and Kings Counties; With an Account of the Battle of Long Island and the British Prisons and Prison-Ships at New York.
1099:
1072:
1054:
2329:
2303:
381:
305:
the deck and divided the starboard. Ship making 11 inches of water an hour occasioned by two shots in the counter, under the water line.
2339:
2308:
752:
The life and adventures of
Christopher Hawkins, a prisoner on board the 'Old Jersey' prison ship during the War of the Revolution.
1092:
778:
The horrors of the
English prison ships, 1776 to 1783, and the barbarous treatment of the American patriots imprisoned on them.
51:
798:
725:
705:
684:
300:
in
October 1739. She was badly damaged in battle in June 1745, with her captain's log recording the loss of all sails and:
464:
1085:
1030:
835:
607:
581:
409:
389:
sailors, and historians have estimated that roughly 8,000 prisoners were registered by the
British as being onboard
894:
Horrors of the prison ships: Dr. West's description of the wallabout floating dungeons, how captive patriots fared.
373:
981:
941:
927:
523:
476:
471:
1348:
2115:
1984:
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1299:
1141:
259:
1965:
1566:
231:
124:
2069:
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453:
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56:
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436:
1817:
1479:
297:
243:
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2044:
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1492:
1464:
1383:
1369:
1341:
1191:
1022:
502:
was under construction at the
Brooklyn Navy Yard, the Brooklyn Daily Eagle reported that HMS
2354:
2259:
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2189:
2051:
1941:
1926:
1891:
1870:
1761:
1754:
1716:
1694:
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1211:
1170:
443:, printed 10 July 1778. He was one of 350 prisoners held in a compartment below the decks.
8:
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1933:
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1425:
1397:
1376:
1272:
1247:
1239:
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313:
293:
247:
851:
Sands, J. O. (1976), "Christopher Vail, Soldier and Seaman in the American Revolution",
32:
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2175:
2168:
2143:
1991:
1905:
1898:
1768:
1729:
1722:
1687:
1659:
1610:
1584:
1471:
1457:
1432:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1390:
1334:
1327:
1306:
1292:
1285:
1253:
1232:
1183:
1108:
876:
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600:
Forgotten Patriots: The Untold Story of American Prisoners During the Revolutionary War
519:
396:
British defeats during the war worsened the treatment experienced by prisoners onboard
369:
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2008:
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332:
239:
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was one of those imprisoned aboard her during this period after being captured in a
38:
The Jersey Prison Ship as moored at the Wallabout near Long Island, in the year 1782
2150:
1666:
1627:
1313:
1176:
860:
515:
377:
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223:
181:
131:
1067:
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2090:
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1796:
1320:
1163:
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321:
317:
107:
2345:
Military units and formations of Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War
484:
in August 1970 and accounts from a variety of British prison ships in May 1980.
906:
1020:
The Ship of the Line – Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650–1850.
2323:
361:
349:
289:
251:
1077:
718:
Martyrs To The Revolution In The British Prison-Ships In The Wallabout Bay.
412:
404:
alone were hastily buried onshore every day before the British surrendered
514:
The remains of those that died aboard the prison ships were reinterred in
270:
1361:
1154:
522:
had collapsed. In 1908, one hundred years after the burial ceremony, the
357:
255:
220:
128:
739:
Prison ships in the Revolution: New facts in regard to their management.
557:
1203:
1133:
872:
679:(American Experience Series, No 8). Applewood Books. 1 November 1986.
653:
227:
20:
780:
Society of the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick, 1939. ASIN: B0008BI27E.
720:(originally printed 1855) Kessinger Publishing, LLC. 2 October 2007.
574:
Fighting at Sea in the Eighteenth Century: The Art of Sailing Warfare
416:
864:
982:"Martyr's Death Ship That Was Found After Century of Vain Search"
621:
HMS Jersey: Absences and Memory from the Battlefields of Brooklyn
439:, escaped from one of the prison ships and told his story in the
286:
698:
Letters from the prisons and prison-ships of the revolution.
254:
in 1771. In 1780 she was converted again, this time to a
594:
592:
896:
Eagle Book Printing Department, 1895. ASIN: B000885ACW.
376:
prisoners of war, who primarily consisted of captured
242:, and launched on 14 June 1736. She saw action in the
589:
480:
published first-hand accounts of imprisonment aboard
543:
541:
539:
830:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 46.
536:
2321:
274:A 1733 ship plan in the Royal Museums Greenwich
827:A Gentleman of Color: The Life of James Forten
422:Christopher Vail, of Southold, who was aboard
372:. There, she was used by the British to house
1093:
558:"Ships from the Age of Sail database listing"
327:
94:Abandoned and burned to prevent capture, 1783
1107:
495:During October 1902 as the keel of the ship
393:over the duration of the Revolutionary War.
281:was built in 1736 during a time of peace in
2335:New York (state) in the American Revolution
2304:List of ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1015:, Charlottesville, Virginia: The Michie Co.
1100:
1086:
1045:The Adventures of Christopher Hawkins 1864
793:Associated Faculty Press, Inc. June 1970.
570:Log of HMS Jersey, 19 June 1745. Cited in
292:'s defeated attack on the Spanish port of
258:, and was used by the British during the
487:
331:
269:
19:For other ships with the same name, see
677:Recollections of the Jersey Prison Ship
2322:
1121:
571:
547:Lavery, Ships of the Line vol.1, p171.
408:on 19 October 1781. Sailor and future
380:soldiers. The conditions in which the
1963:
1564:
1120:
1081:
850:
823:
817:
814:, Medical Repository, volume 11, 1808
651:
647:
645:
518:after the 1808 burial vault near the
49:
1056:American Prisoners of the Revolution
1013:American prisoners of the Revolution
754:Holland Club. 1858. ASIN: B000887ON0
655:American Prisoners of the Revolution
2330:Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
633:
149:144 ft (43.9 m) (gundeck)
13:
2309:List of frigates of the Royal Navy
1964:
1565:
767:W. Peirce. 1833. ASIN: B00085RDI4.
675:Dring, Thomas and Greene, Albert.
642:
618:
165:16 ft 11 in (5.2 m)
157:41 ft 5 in (12.6 m)
16:Ship of the line of the Royal Navy
14:
2366:
2340:Military history of New York City
1038:
352:. In the winter of 1779, she was
340:during her time as a prison ship.
700:Thomson Gale, 31 December 1969.
141:1,065 long tons (1,082.1 t)
50:
31:
974:
948:
934:
920:
899:
886:
844:
804:
783:
770:
757:
744:
731:
710:
636:HMS Jersey." Ships of the World
368:, which would later become the
265:
1050:T.Dring 1865 account of Jersey
988:. 30 November 1902. p. 18
690:
669:
627:
612:
564:
550:
296:, around the beginning of the
250:, before being converted to a
1:
1004:
945:, April/May 1980/Volume 31/#3
435:In 1778, Robert Sheffield of
529:
524:Prison Ship Martyrs Monument
7:
509:
356:and converted again into a
10:
2371:
1011:Dandridge, Danske (1911),
931:, August 1970/Volume 21/#5
465:U.S. Department of Defense
328:American Revolutionary War
316:and also took part in the
285:. Her first battle was in
260:American Revolutionary War
199:Upper gundeck: 26 × 9-pdrs
18:
2285:
2161:
2108:
2062:
2037:
2019:
2001:
1976:
1972:
1959:
1856:
1740:
1645:
1620:
1595:
1577:
1573:
1560:
1443:
1359:
1264:
1201:
1152:
1131:
1127:
1116:
460:was abandoned and burnt.
344:In March 1771, the aging
115:
44:
30:
116:General characteristics
741:1903. ASIN: B0008BOCOG.
437:Stonington, Connecticut
312:next saw action in the
202:Quarterdeck: 8 × 6-pdrs
750:Hawkins, Christopher.
450:
433:
426:in 1781, later wrote:
341:
324:on 18–19 August 1759.
307:
275:
205:Forecastle: 2 × 6-pdrs
1023:Conway Maritime Press
1018:Lavery, Brian (2003)
824:Winch, Julie (2002).
445:
428:
348:was converted into a
335:
302:
273:
196:Gundeck: 24 × 24-pdrs
1068:British prison ships
986:The Saint Paul globe
853:Winterthur Portfolio
737:Banks, James Lenox.
696:Stiles, Henry Reed.
602:. Basic Books 2008.
572:Willis, Sam (2008),
456:at the end of 1783,
2162:50-gun fourth-rates
2109:58-gun fourth-rates
1977:90-gun second-rates
1857:50-gun fourth-rates
1741:60-gun fourth-rates
1596:90-gun second-rates
1578:100-gun first-rates
1444:50-gun fourth-rates
1073:Long Island History
1058:by Danske Dandridge
962:on 23 February 2014
652:Dandridge, Danske.
634:Mifflin, Houghton.
441:Connecticut Gazette
336:An illustration of
298:War of Jenkins' Ear
294:Cartagena, Colombia
244:War of Jenkins' Ear
2297:1745 Establishment
2291:1706 Establishment
2063:64-gun third-rates
2038:66-gun third-rates
2020:74-gun third-rates
2002:80-gun third rates
1646:70-gun third-rates
1621:80-gun third-rates
1265:70-gun third-rates
1122:1719 Establishment
1109:1719 Establishment
789:Onderdonk. Henry.
598:Burrows, Edwin G.
520:Brooklyn Navy Yard
454:evacuated New York
370:Brooklyn Navy Yard
342:
276:
236:1719 Establishment
2317:
2316:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1248:Princess Caroline
1062:Project Gutenberg
942:American Heritage
928:American Heritage
892:West, Charles E.
799:978-0-8046-8075-2
776:Lang, Patrick J.
763:Andros, Thomas.
726:978-0-548-59217-5
716:Taylor, George.
706:978-1-4328-1222-5
685:978-0-918222-92-3
477:American Heritage
452:When the British
240:Plymouth Dockyard
238:of dimensions at
211:
210:
78:Plymouth Dockyard
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1961:
1960:
1682:Prince Frederick
1575:
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1350:Prince of Orange
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958:. Archived from
956:"Article Window"
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907:"The HMS Jersey"
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378:Continental Army
314:Seven Years' War
248:Seven Years' War
224:ship of the line
182:Full-rigged ship
132:ship of the line
104:Participated in:
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488:Rediscovery of
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322:Edward Boscawen
318:Battle of Lagos
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1155:second-rates
1142:
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990:. Retrieved
985:
976:
964:. Retrieved
960:the original
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659:. Retrieved
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489:
481:
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472:U.S. history
470:
462:
457:
451:
446:
440:
434:
429:
423:
421:
413:James Forten
410:abolitionist
401:
397:
395:
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385:
345:
343:
337:
309:
308:
303:
278:
277:
266:Early career
215:
213:
212:
138:Tons burthen
86:14 June 1736
68:
37:
25:
2355:1730s ships
1819:Dreadnought
1204:third-rates
1192:Marlborough
1134:first-rates
499:Connecticut
406:at Yorktown
358:prison ship
256:prison ship
221:fourth rate
129:fourth rate
2324:Categories
2254:Colchester
2233:Gloucester
2198:Colchester
2184:Winchester
2138:Sunderland
2131:Canterbury
2046:Devonshire
1914:Sutherland
1865:Gloucester
1847:Nottingham
1636:Cumberland
1494:Assistance
1466:Colchester
1385:Sunderland
1371:Canterbury
1343:Buckingham
1005:References
992:10 January
228:Royal Navy
170:Propulsion
21:HMS Jersey
2261:Lichfield
2219:Salisbury
2191:Maidstone
2078:Edinburgh
2053:Lancaster
1985:Ramillies
1928:Dartmouth
1893:Hampshire
1872:St Albans
1763:Worcester
1756:Strafford
1696:Royal Oak
1654:Elizabeth
1611:St George
1543:Newcastle
1536:Greenwich
1529:Lichfield
1508:Salisbury
1273:Edinburgh
1213:Lancaster
1064:document.
881:162362470
530:Citations
474:magazine
417:privateer
382:prisoners
178:Sail plan
2212:Falkland
2205:Portland
2124:Defiance
2099:Yarmouth
2028:Culloden
1935:Woolwich
1921:Antelope
1886:Guernsey
1805:Kingston
1749:Weymouth
1710:Monmouth
1522:Falmouth
1487:Portland
1452:Falkland
1427:Pembroke
1399:Deptford
1378:Plymouth
1241:Somerset
1227:Cornwall
1132:100-gun
966:24 March
687:(Author)
510:Memorial
384:onboard
366:New York
246:and the
193:60 guns:
188:Armament
83:Launched
2268:Panther
2240:Norwich
2177:Harwich
2170:Chester
2145:Tilbury
1942:Preston
1907:Nonsuch
1900:Leopard
1770:Augusta
1731:Berwick
1724:Captain
1717:Revenge
1689:Bedford
1661:Suffolk
1586:Victory
1473:Leopard
1459:Chatham
1434:Dunkirk
1420:Warwick
1413:Tilbury
1406:Swallow
1392:Windsor
1360:60-gun
1336:Ipswich
1329:Grafton
1308:Berwick
1294:Captain
1287:Burford
1255:Russell
1234:Norfolk
1202:80-gun
1185:Neptune
1153:90-gun
873:1180590
661:22 July
374:Patriot
287:Admiral
283:Britain
234:of the
226:of the
127:60-gun
75:Builder
45:History
2226:Advice
2010:Newark
1992:Prince
1879:Severn
1840:Exeter
1826:Medway
1812:Rupert
1791:Superb
1784:Jersey
1777:Dragon
1675:Nassau
1515:Oxford
1501:Romney
1480:Argyll
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912:12 May
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490:Jersey
482:Jersey
458:Jersey
424:Jersey
402:Jersey
398:Jersey
391:Jersey
386:Jersey
354:hulked
346:Jersey
338:Jersey
310:Jersey
279:Jersey
216:Jersey
146:Length
69:Jersey
2152:Eagle
1668:Essex
1629:Boyne
1315:Lenox
1178:Namur
1171:Union
1111:ships
877:S2CID
869:JSTOR
812:Ships
173:Sails
99:Notes
2247:Ruby
2092:Kent
1798:Lion
1604:Duke
1322:Kent
1027:ISBN
994:2016
968:2022
914:2013
832:ISBN
795:ISBN
722:ISBN
702:ISBN
681:ISBN
663:2009
604:ISBN
578:ISBN
497:USS
463:The
214:HMS
154:Beam
91:Fate
67:HMS
64:Name
861:doi
360:in
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