33:
524:
48:
637:
1188:
1040:
British opened fire again at 15,000 yards (14 km). Eight minutes later Spee turned again to the east to give battle. His strategy was to close the range so he could bring his 15 cm (5.9 in) secondary armament into play. He was successful and the 15 cm guns were able to open fire at 15:00 at maximum elevation. The smoke bothered both sides, but multiple hits were scored. Those of the German ships either failed to detonate or hit armoured areas. However,
2765:
2748:
1320:
2760:
2740:
1018:, though the shell burst harmlessly on the belt armour. Both sides fired rapidly during the first half-hour of the engagement, before Sturdee opened up the distance to put his ships outside the effective range of the German guns. British gunnery was very poor, scoring only four hits out of 210 rounds fired. The primary cause was the smoke from the guns and funnels, since the British were upwind of the Germans, though one gun of
1029:
550:. For evaluation purposes these were electrically driven BIX and BX turrets, two each built by Vickers and Armstrongs. They proved to be a failure despite two lengthy refits in 1909 and 1911 and were converted to hydraulic power during her refit in early 1914 at a cost of £151,200. The situation was so bad during her gunnery trials in October 1908 that the captain of
557:, the Royal Navy's chief gunnery school, described their operation in the following manner: "When the order was given to train the turret, elevate or run a gun in or out, it was only necessary to push a button, or move a switch, but the result was often a flash of blue flame which seemed to fill the turret."
1007:
as the range closed to 13,000 yards (12,000 m). At 13:20, Spee ordered his squadron to separate and ordered his light cruisers to turn to the southwest, while his armoured cruisers turned north east to cover their retreat. The German ships opened fire at 13:30 and scored their first hit at 13:44
608:
was 6 inches thick roughly between the fore and aft 12-inch gun turrets, but was reduced to four inches from the fore turret to the bow, and did not extend aft of the rear turret. The gun turrets and barbettes were protected by 7 in (178 mm) of armour, except for the turret roofs which
1224:
intercepted a message from Beatty reporting five enemy battlecruisers in sight and later signals reporting that he was engaging the enemy on a south-easterly course. At 16:06, Hood ordered full speed and a course of south-southeast in an attempt to converge on Beatty. At 16:56, with no
British ships
1083:
at ranges down to 4,000 yards (3,700 m). Despite the damage her crew continued to fire back until she ceased firing at 16:47, her ammunition exhausted. Sturdee was ready to order 'Cease fire' at 17:15 when an ammunition hoist was freed up and she made her last shot. The
British then pounded her
715:
on 2 July. She was refitted between 17 August and 17 January 1910 in an attempt to cure the electrical problems with her turrets, but they were still unsatisfactory. Another attempt was made to bring her turrets to working order during a refit in the spring of 1911, but this too was unsuccessful and
490:
turbines, each of which was housed in a separate engine-room and drove an outboard and inboard shaft. The high-pressure ahead and astern turbines were coupled to the outboard shafts and the low-pressure turbines to the inner shafts. A cruising turbine was also coupled to each inner shaft; these were
1088:
had fired 513 shells from her main guns during the battle, but had been hit twenty-two times. Two of her bow compartments were flooded, and one hit on her waterline abreast 'P' turret had flooded a coal bunker and temporarily given her a 15° list. Nevertheless, only one man had been killed and five
1039:
Spee turned to the south in an attempt to disengage while the
British had their vision obscured, but only opened the range to 17,000 yards (16,000 m) before his course change was spotted. The British battlecruisers gave chase at 24 knots (44 km/h; 28 mph). Forty minutes later, the
1397:
and sank her in 90 seconds. At least one 305 mm (12-inch) shell from the third salvo struck her midships 'Q' turret. The shell penetrated the front of 'Q' turret, blew off the roof and detonated the midships magazines, which blew the ship in half. The explosion possibly ignited 'A' and 'X'
475:-class ships were formally known as armoured cruisers until 1911 when they were redesignated as battlecruisers by an Admiralty order of 24 November 1911. Unofficially a number of designations were used until then, including cruiser-battleship, dreadnought cruiser and battle-cruiser.
801:
sortied in response to the
British attacks. They turned south at full speed at 11:35 when the British light forces failed to disengage on schedule and the rising tide meant that German capital ships would be able to clear the bar at the mouth of the
491:
not used often and were eventually disconnected. Her three-bladed propellers were 11 feet (3.4 m) in diameter on the inner shafts while the outer propellers were 10 feet (3.0 m) in diameter. The turbines were powered by thirty-one
838:
directly to his front. He turned in pursuit and reduced her to a flaming hulk in only three salvos at close range (under 6,000 yards (5.5 km)). At 13:10, Beatty turned north and made a general signal to retire. At this time,
988:
s, fresh out of dry dock, had a 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) advantage over Spee's ships, which all had fouled bottoms that limited their speeds to no more than 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph). The light cruiser
1104:
for more permanent repairs. This took a month, and the opportunity was taken to extend the height of her fore funnel by 15 feet (4.6 m) to reduce the amount of smoke blocking visibility from the bridge and spotting top.
796:
during the Battle of
Heligoland Bight operation on 28 August 1914. Beatty's ships had originally been intended as distant support of the British cruisers and destroyers closer to the German coast in case large units of the
1216:, attached to Beatty's Battlecruiser Force, reporting the sighting of two enemy cruisers. This was amplified by other reports of seven enemy ships steering north. Hood interpreted this as an attempt to escape through the
467:
of 30 ft (9.1 m) at deep load. She displaced 17,250 long tons (17,530 t) at load and 20,420 long tons (20,750 t) at deep load, nearly 3,000 long tons (3,000 t) more than the earlier ships.
520:(5,720 km; 3,560 mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). Her electrical power was provided by four 200 kW turbo-generators and motor generators with capacity of 100 kW.
2192:
742:
began in March 1914 and was interrupted by the declaration of war on
Germany on 4 August. She'd been formally recommissioned the day prior, but the turret work required another week to complete.
1843:) from a peacetime photo. Main reasons are the absence of a bow wave, no shell splashes from German salvoes, and the destroyers ahead of her, which do not match any battle descriptions. Source:
1125:
arrived from the
Mediterranean. She was refitted between 25 April and 12 May to have four worn-out 12-inch guns replaced and the secondary armament reduced and given casemates. Rear-Admiral
1044:
s starboard engine room was put out of action. Sturdee ordered his ships at 15:15 to cross their own wakes to gain the windward advantage. Spee turned to the northwest, as if to attempt to
1331:
At 18:21, with both Beatty and the Grand Fleet converging on him, Hood turned south to lead Beatty's battlecruisers. Hipper's battlecruisers were 9,000 yards (8.2 km/5.1 mi) away and the
674:, which resulted in the buckling of beams and frames in the hull and five bottom plates being stove in. She was officially completed on 16 March 1909. On 18 March, she sailed from the
1469:
Examination of the wreck has found that the 12 inch guns in the aft turret remain loaded although its roof is missing. A contemporary photograph of the explosion that destroyed
944:, grounded in Stanley Harbour to defend the town and its wireless station, did not receive the signal until 07:45. Sturdee was not expecting an engagement and most of his ships were
832:
remained visible and was quickly crippled by fire from the squadron. Beatty was distracted from the task of finishing her off by the sudden appearance of the elderly light cruiser
1428:
1084:
until 17:50, after her captain had given the order to scuttle her at 17:40. She slowly capsized at 18:00 and the
British were able to rescue 176 men from the freezing waters.
1473:
shows flame and smoke erupting from 'X' turret. Coupled with the aft turret's missing roof, it implies that 'X' magazine also caused a low-order explosion within the ship.
1524:
A low-order explosion describes an explosive event where the blast pressure wave moves slowly forward displacing or wrenching (rather than shattering) objects in its path.
1280:
and 31 destroyers of the 2nd and 9th
Flotillas and the 12th Half-Flotilla which attacked the 3rd BCS in succession. They were driven off by Hood's remaining light cruiser
1238:
encountered four light cruisers of Hipper's 2nd
Scouting Group and was badly damaged before Hood turned to investigate and was able to drive the German cruisers away from
1256:
s followed two minutes later. The German ships turned for the south after fruitlessly firing torpedoes at 18:00 and attempted to find shelter in the mist. As they turned
568:. During 1915 the turret roof guns were transferred to the superstructure and the total number of guns was reduced to twelve. All of the remaining guns were enclosed in
1202:
for gunnery practice. On 30 May, the entire Grand Fleet, along with Admiral Beatty's battlecruisers, had been ordered to sea to prepare for an excursion by the German
2794:
2375:
580:
AA gun on a high-angle MkII mount at the aft end of the superstructure that was carried between October–November 1914 and from April 1915 onwards. A 3-pounder
1846:
1398:
magazines. Of her complement, 1026 officers and men were killed, including Rear-Admiral Hood. There were only six survivors picked up by the destroyer
1220:
and ordered an increase in speed to 22 kn (41 km/h) at 15:11 and steered East-Southeast to cut off the fleeing ships. Twenty minutes later,
1933:
1316:
turned north, her helm jammed and she had to come to a stop to fix the problem, but this was quickly done and the squadron reformed heading west.
2809:
1169:
s speed was reduced to 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) through flooding and she was forced to haul out of line and proceed independently to
984:
Sturdee's ships did not sortie from the harbour until 09:50, although they could see the retreating German ships on the southwest horizon. The
2483:
716:
the decision was made the following year to convert her turrets to hydraulic power. This was delayed until after her deployment to join the
2804:
2368:
1109:
sailed to England on 15 February 1915 and joined the Grand Fleet. On 21 February, the British battlecruiser force was organised into three
938:
to see if the harbour was clear of British warships on the morning of 8 December. They were spotted at 07:30, although the pre-dreadnought
648:
2819:
2330:
2009:"Statutory Instrument 2006 No. 2616 The Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 (Designation of Vessels and Controlled Sites) Order 2006"
1114:
925:
Spee, making a leisurely voyage back to the Atlantic, wanted to destroy the radio station at Port Stanley and sent the armoured cruiser
498:
in four boiler rooms, and were designed to produce a total of 41,000 shaft horsepower (31,000 kW), but reached nearly 46,500
2789:
2450:
730:
in December 1913 in preparation for a major refit that would finally give her turrets hydraulic power and make her battle-worthy.
2361:
1605:
1480:
1404:. Five of the six were stationed in the fore-control top located on the tripod foremast, including the gunnery officer Commander
362:
during the first decade of the twentieth century and the first battlecruiser to be built by any country in the world. During the
2339:
2824:
1286:
and the five destroyers of his escort. In a confused action, the Germans only launched 12 torpedoes and disabled the destroyer
2178:
1137:
2012:
1308:
turned south to present their narrowest profile to the torpedoes. All the torpedoes missed, although one passed underneath
981:
s guns at 09:20 caused them to sheer off from their bombardment of the wireless station and fall back on Spee's main body.
717:
487:
1055:
s undamaged starboard guns to bear as most of those on his port side were now out of action. The British continued to hit
2799:
551:
2829:
2476:
2434:
2314:
2291:
2268:
2249:
2202:
2137:
2118:
2074:
1977:
781:
755:
750:, but this could not be completed in the allotted time and would remain inoperable until she was refitted after the
2759:
2755:
2147:
1206:. In order to support Beatty, Admiral Hood took his three battlecruisers ahead of the Grand Fleet. At about 14:30,
2768:
2764:
1508:
2498:
2384:
1854:
866:
751:
565:
516:
that was to be sprayed on the coal to increase its burn rate. At full fuel capacity, she could steam for 3,090
371:
351:
276:
130:
2216:, The World's First Battle Cruiser" [Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Unterwasserarchäologie].
911:
793:
449:
418:
2212:
McCartney, Innes (December 2013). "Jutland 1916: The Archaeology of a Modern Naval Battle: The Wreck of HMS
898:
ordered that a squadron be sent to destroy the Germans. The squadron, under the command of Vice-Admiral Sir
2469:
1228:
Hood continued on course until 17:40, when gunfire was spotted in the direction to which his light cruiser
910:. They departed on 11 November and rendezvoused with several other cruisers under Rear Admiral Stoddard at
2692:
1925:
367:
572:
and given blast shields at that time to better protect the gun crews from weather and enemy action. Her
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2337:
Imperial War Museums: Lives of the First World War: HMS Invincible at the Battle of Jutland (Crew List)
410:
1424:
was located by a Royal Navy minesweeper lying on a sandy bottom at a depth of 180 feet (55 m) at
584:
on a high-angle MkIc mounting with a maximum elevation of 60° was also mounted in November 1914. Five
2152:
1405:
1140:
on 24–25 April 1916, but failed to locate the German ships in heavy weather. During the return home,
919:
872:
660:
543:
370:
in a minor role, as she was the oldest and slowest of the British battlecruisers present. During the
270:
506:(46 km/h; 29 mph), but reached 26.64 knots (49.3 km/h; 30.7 mph) during trials.
2585:
585:
282:
2461:
512:
carried 2,997 long tons (3,045 t) of coal, and an additional 738 long tons (750 t) of
2412:
763:
617:
was 1–2 in (25–51 mm) and the lower deck armour was 1.5–2.5 in (38–64 mm).
933:
2405:
1512:
1281:
573:
382:
1412:
atop 'Q' turret itself. When the magazine exploded he was somehow thrown clear of the ship.
758:, commanding the 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron, hoisted his flag in her. He was ordered to the
523:
2682:
2545:
625:
430:
422:
32:
1225:
in sight, Hood requested Beatty's course, position and speed, but never received a reply.
812:
had been crippled earlier in the battle and was under fire from the German light cruisers
8:
2814:
949:
887:
875:
807:
747:
668:
492:
80:
499:
206:
2720:
2578:
1229:
1211:
1198:
At the end of May 1916, the 3rd Battlecruiser Squadron was temporarily assigned to the
990:
955:
939:
879:
618:
561:
2218:
SKYLLIS, the Journal of the German Society for the Promotion of Underwater Archaeology
1601:
847:. She fired 18 rounds, all misses, before Beatty's main body encountered the crippled
819:
636:
2599:
2336:
2310:
2287:
2264:
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2225:
2198:
2174:
2157:
2133:
2114:
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891:
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115:
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s, two on each side and one in the stern. Fourteen torpedoes were carried for them.
2620:
2188:
1488:
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1287:
1110:
621:
577:
388:
329:
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had been slowed by earlier damage and was battered for another hour and a half by
974:
at 08:00. The German ships were not expecting resistance and the first salvo from
707:
on 20 March 1909 and participated in fleet manoeuvres in April and June 1909, the
2343:
1364:
1342:
1203:
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965:
945:
899:
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391:
2008:
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and acted as its heavy scouting force during the battle. She was destroyed by a
2613:
2237:
2062:
1275:
1045:
813:
727:
697:
664:
456:
20:
2348:
726:, but the collision was ruled the fault of the submarine. She returned to the
402:
almost without loss to themselves, despite numerous hits by the German ships.
2783:
2627:
2508:
2229:
2101:
1444:
1430:
1247:
999:
opened fire when the range dropped to 17,500 yards (16,000 m) at 12:55.
926:
581:
517:
397:
355:
323:
248:
224:
200:
136:
2161:
1336:
2194:
Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea
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1840:
1292:
with gunfire. Having turned due west to close on Beatty's ships, the three
883:
803:
792:
s first action was as part of the battlecruiser force under the command of
708:
667:. On 28 December 1907, while still fitting out, she was hit by the Swedish
610:
589:
464:
285:
1973:
960:
had one or both of their engines under repair. The armed merchant cruiser
2702:
1409:
1199:
1126:
833:
614:
503:
426:
379:
363:
305:
236:
1319:
2713:
2524:
2171:
The Battleship Builders – Constructing and Arming British Capital Ships
1269:
1025:
s 'A' turret jammed at 13:42 and was out of action for thirty minutes.
704:
683:
679:
675:
605:
547:
448:
was significantly larger than her armoured cruiser predecessors of the
434:
359:
317:
299:
1466:. The battlecruiser's stern is right-side up and the bow upside-down.
251:(5,720 km; 3,560 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
2606:
2514:
1666:
1217:
1097:
1068:
964:
was patrolling the outer harbour entrance while the armoured cruiser
682:, where she would be commissioned. On the way, she collided with the
656:
347:
160:
1296:-class battlecruisers were broadside to the oncoming torpedoes, but
1028:
1129:
took command of the 3rd BCS on 27 May 1915 and hoisted his flag in
754:. She was declared operational on 12 August, when Rear-Admiral Sir
712:
652:
569:
513:
406:
311:
210:
149:
2240:(1985). "Great Britain and Empire Forces". In Gray, Randal (ed.).
720:
in August 1913. On 17 March 1913, she collided with the submarine
2660:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2566:
2555:
2534:
2491:
1839:
Some naval historians believe that this photo was doctored (with
1101:
768:, where he could better support the British ships patrolling the
721:
2333:(includes two photographs of the ship's destruction at Jutland).
851:
shortly after turning north and she was sunk by two salvos from
502:(34,700 kW) during trials in 1908. She was designed for 25
2349:
Battle of Jutland Crew Lists Project – HMS Invincible Crew List
1274:
once. The 2nd Scouting Group was escorted by the light cruiser
1170:
915:
759:
2244:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 1–104.
1003:
opened fire shortly afterward and both ships began straddling
824:
when Beatty's battlecruisers loomed out of the mist at 12:37.
153:
970:
was anchored in the outer harbour, scheduled to relieve the
1210:
intercepted a radio message from the British light cruiser
843:, trailing the main body of battlecruisers, opened fire on
433:
explosion during the battle after the armour of one of her
425:
a few days before the battle for gunnery practice with the
1234:
had been dispatched to investigate other gunfire flashes.
1136:
The 1st and 3rd BCS had sortied in response to the German
948:– and hence temporarily defenceless. The armoured cruiser
703:
She was commissioned into the 1st Cruiser Squadron of the
2067:
The Grand Fleet: Warship Design and Development 1906–1922
918:
on the 26th. They departed the following day and reached
1393:. The two German ships then fired three salvoes each at
1335:
s almost immediately opened fire on Hipper's flagship
1096:
made temporary repairs at Port Stanley and headed for
1638:
Admiral Sir Reginald Tupper, quoted in Roberts, p. 85
1264:
in the engine room and knocked out her engines while
2088:: The Explosion at Jutland and its Relevance to HMS
1377:, including two hits below the waterline forward by
1194:
exploding at Jutland, taken from a destroyer nearby.
828:
was able to duck into the mists and evade fire, but
746:
was the first battlecruiser to be fitted with a new
2383:
2307:: The History of the First Battlecruiser, 1909–16
2242:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921
2795:World War I battlecruisers of the United Kingdom
2781:
1625:
1623:
2146:
1853:. United States Naval Institute. Archived from
922:in the Falklands on the morning of 7 December.
2309:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2263:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2173:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2168:
2132:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2113:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2096:. Vol. XL, no. 4. pp. 339–349.
2069:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
624:of 2.5-inch thickness were fitted abreast the
2492:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in May 1916
2477:
2369:
1902:
1900:
1620:
775:
649:Sir W. G. Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., Ltd
417:in 1916. The squadron had been detached from
1976:. Great War Primary Documents Archive, Inc.
1173:for repairs which lasted until 22 May 1916.
1491:was named after the battlecruiser in 1917.
1385:abruptly appeared as a clear target before
2484:
2470:
2376:
2362:
2331:Maritimequest HMS Invincible Photo Gallery
1897:
860:
711:on 12 June 1909, and the Fleet Review off
631:
2211:
2011:. Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament.
1381:that would ultimately doom her. At 18:30
440:
2451:List of battlecruisers of the Royal Navy
2169:Johnston, Ian & Buxton, Ian (2013).
2127:
1930:The Battle of Jutland Crew Lists Project
1318:
1186:
1027:
635:
522:
19:For other ships with the same name, see
2300:
2277:
2258:
2236:
1844:
1659:
1481:Protection of Military Remains Act 1986
1117:(BCS) that was to consist of the three
2810:Protected wrecks of the United Kingdom
2782:
1936:from the original on 27 September 2022
1515:, which is often used in German works.
1507:The times used in this section are in
643:anchored at Spithead in June–July 1909
459:length of 567 ft (173 m), a
2465:
2357:
2083:
2061:
1980:from the original on 18 November 2021
1736:
1734:
1587:
1585:
1408:; the other man was stationed in the
1138:bombardment of Yarmouth and Lowestoft
1113:of the Battlecruiser Fleet, with the
894:on 1 November 1914. In response, the
463:of 78.5 ft (23.9 m), and a
159:20,420 long tons (20,750 t) at (
44:
2130:Jutland: An Analysis of the Fighting
2111:British Battleships of World War One
2108:
2027:
1176:
2805:Ships sunk at the Battle of Jutland
2156:. London: William Clowes and Sons.
1845:Marshal, Peter A. (February 2012).
1797:
1594:
1089:wounded aboard the battlecruisers.
566:4-inch (102 mm) QF Mk III guns
181:78 ft 6 in (23.93 m)
13:
2820:Ships built by Armstrong Whitworth
1847:"The Invincible's EXPLOSIVE PHOTO"
1731:
1608:from the original on 14 April 2012
1582:
1327:temporarily standing on the seabed
995:lagged behind the other ships and
733:
544:BL 12-inch (305 mm) Mk X guns
14:
2841:
2324:
2286:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
1602:"Britain 12"/45 (30.5 cm) Mark X"
1162:s side which partially stove-in.
782:Battle of Heligoland Bight (1914)
613:(KNC). The thickness of the main
308:: 1.5–2.5 in (38–64 mm)
189:30 ft (9.1 m) deep load
2763:
2758:
2746:
2738:
2015:from the original on 8 July 2008
326:: 6–10 in (152–254 mm)
173:567 ft (173 m) overall
46:
31:
2790:Invincible-class battlecruisers
2055:
2001:
1992:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1918:
1909:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1722:
1713:
1704:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1650:
1641:
1518:
1509:Coordinated Greenwich Mean Time
1501:
1144:was rammed by the patrol yacht
762:, along with the battlecruiser
700:to take the brigantine in tow.
609:used 3 in (76 mm) of
576:armament consisted of a single
302:: 4–6 in (102–152 mm)
239:(47.2 km/h; 29.3 mph)
16:Battlecruiser of the Royal Navy
1671:, Monday, 15 April 1907, p. 10
1632:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1479:is a protected site under the
867:Battle of the Falkland Islands
806:. The brand-new light cruiser
752:Battle of the Falkland Islands
372:Battle of the Falkland Islands
114:Sunk, 31 May 1916, during the
1:
2825:Ships built on the River Tyne
2084:Brown, David K. (2003). "HMS
1954:Steel & Hart, pp. 230–231
1701:, Saturday, 12 June 1909, p.7
1604:. NavWeaps. 30 January 2009.
1531:
1415:
663:at 15:00 on 13 April 1907 by
478:
271:12 in (305 mm) guns
223:4 × shafts; 2 × Direct-drive
1456:Wreck site of HMS Invincible
1323:The two shattered halves of
1071:at 16:17 with no survivors.
1067:ceased fire at 16:00 before
878:was destroyed by the German
871:The West Indies Squadron of
277:4 in (102 mm) guns
7:
2187:
1511:, which is one hour behind
534:
259:784 (up to 1000 in wartime)
10:
2846:
2800:Maritime incidents in 1916
2197:. New York: Random House.
1926:"HMS Invincible Survivors"
1363:quickly took 10 hits from
1180:
1115:3rd Battlecruiser Squadron
864:
779:
776:Battle of Heligoland Bight
411:3rd Battlecruiser Squadron
368:Battle of Heligoland Bight
366:, she participated in the
332:: 2.5 in (64 mm)
18:
2830:Naval magazine explosions
2733:
2673:
2497:
2446:
2423:
2394:
2278:Roberts, John A. (1972).
689:, and stood by until the
611:Krupp non-cemented armour
599:
320:: 7 in (178 mm)
314:: 7 in (178 mm)
121:
39:
30:
2342:19 February 2019 at the
1494:
1048:, but actually to bring
586:18 in (450 mm)
283:18 in (450 mm)
2301:Tarrant, V. E. (1986).
2128:Campbell, John (1986).
1974:"The Wrecks of Jutland"
1719:Roberts, pp. 92–93, 122
1312:without detonating. As
861:Battle of the Falklands
632:Construction and career
486:had two paired sets of
122:General characteristics
2259:Roberts, John (1997).
2039:cdnrockiesdatabases.ca
1821:Tarrant, pp. 76, 80–84
1328:
1195:
1155:s bow was embedded in
1036:
954:and the light cruiser
932:and the light cruiser
756:Archibald Gordon Moore
647:The ship was built at
644:
531:
441:Design and description
2388:-class battlecruisers
2153:The Naval Annual 1914
2094:Warship International
1885:Campbell, pp. 185–187
1656:Roberts, pp. 109, 112
1406:Hubert E. Dannreuther
1322:
1190:
1100:, where she could be
1031:
748:fire-control director
659:on 2 April 1906, and
639:
564:consisted of sixteen
526:
2280:Warship Monographs:
2109:Burt, R. A. (1986).
1932:. 20 November 2021.
1876:Tarrant, pp. 103–105
1445:57.04444°N 6.12083°E
1300:turned north, while
72:1906 Naval Programme
1857:on 7 November 2017.
1794:Massie, pp. 261–273
1776:Massie, pp. 261–266
1767:Massie, pp. 254–261
1758:Massie, pp. 248–251
1740:Massie, pp. 109–113
1570:Roberts, pp. 76, 80
1440: /
1420:After the war, the
1046:cross the British T
914:, off the coast of
888:Maximilian von Spee
876:Christopher Cradock
740:Portsmouth Dockyard
718:Mediterranean Fleet
592:were fitted on the
423:Battlecruiser Fleet
81:Armstrong Whitworth
2035:"Mount Invincible"
1867:Tarrant, pp. 98–99
1830:Tarrant, pp. 95–96
1728:Tarrant, pp. 29–30
1699:The Times (London)
1647:Roberts, pp. 96–97
1561:Roberts, pp. 70–75
1552:Roberts, pp. 24–25
1543:Roberts, pp. 43–44
1329:
1252:and the other two
1196:
1121:-class ships once
1092:After the battle,
1037:
880:East Asia Squadron
645:
562:secondary armament
532:
496:water-tube boilers
2775:
2774:
2459:
2458:
2189:Massie, Robert K.
2180:978-1-59114-027-6
1450:57.04444; 6.12083
1183:Battle of Jutland
1177:Battle of Jutland
892:Battle of Coronel
628:and shell rooms.
622:torpedo bulkheads
415:Battle of Jutland
389:armoured cruisers
338:
337:
330:Torpedo bulkheads
116:Battle of Jutland
2837:
2767:
2762:
2750:
2742:
2726:
2708:
2697:
2687:
2666:
2655:
2654:
2572:
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2550:
2540:
2529:
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2479:
2472:
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2378:
2371:
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2355:
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2274:
2255:
2233:
2208:
2184:
2165:
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2105:
2080:
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2020:
2005:
1999:
1996:
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1970:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1906:Campbell, p. 159
1904:
1895:
1894:Campbell, p. 183
1892:
1886:
1883:
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1505:
1489:Canadian Rockies
1485:Mount Invincible
1465:
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1460:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1438:
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1433:
1359:once, while the
1355:three times and
1168:
1161:
1154:
1054:
1024:
980:
791:
578:QF 3 inch 20 cwt
437:was penetrated.
54:
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49:
35:
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2674:Other incidents
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2344:Wayback Machine
2327:
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2238:Preston, Antony
2205:
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2148:Hythe, Viscount
2140:
2121:
2077:
2063:Brown, David K.
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2018:
2016:
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1997:
1993:
1983:
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1972:
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1967:
1963:Tarrant, p. 114
1962:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1924:
1923:
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1915:Roberts, p. 116
1914:
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1246:opened fire on
1204:High Seas Fleet
1185:
1179:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1052:
1022:
978:
902:, consisted of
900:Doveton Sturdee
869:
863:
799:High Seas Fleet
789:
784:
778:
770:Broad Fourteens
736:
734:First World War
709:Spithead Review
634:
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537:
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364:First World War
194:Installed power
52:
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2659:Unknown date:
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2325:External links
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865:Main article:
862:
859:
794:Admiral Beatty
780:Main article:
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732:
665:Lady Allendale
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604:The waterline
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2436:Indefatigable
2433:Followed by:
2432:
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2427:Preceded by:
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2014:
2010:
2004:
1998:Brown, p. 167
1995:
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1851:Naval History
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2056:Bibliography
2042:. Retrieved
2038:
2029:
2017:. Retrieved
2003:
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1968:
1959:
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1929:
1920:
1911:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1855:the original
1850:
1841:photogravure
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1610:. Retrieved
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1242:. At 17:53,
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920:Port Stanley
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884:Vice-Admiral
873:Rear-Admiral
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804:Jade estuary
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405:She was the
404:
398:
392:
383:
375:
342:
340:
339:
275:16 × single
205:41,000
143:Displacement
131:
103:Commissioned
90:2 April 1906
62:
25:
2414:Indomitable
2044:16 December
2019:20 November
1448: /
1410:rangefinder
1391:Derfflinger
1353:Derfflinger
1349:Indomitable
1344:Derfflinger
1306:Indomitable
1200:Grand Fleet
1127:Horace Hood
1065:Scharnhorst
1057:Scharnhorst
1050:Scharnhorst
1011:Scharnhorst
906:(flag) and
890:during the
765:New Zealand
530:before 1911
435:gun turrets
427:Grand Fleet
413:during the
393:Scharnhorst
380:sister ship
247:3,090
2815:1907 ships
2784:Categories
2756:April 1916
2684:California
2616:Queen Mary
2595:Invincible
2547:Batavier V
2510:S.R. Kirby
2499:Shipwrecks
2407:Inflexible
2400:Invincible
2386:Invincible
2305:Invincible
2282:Invincible
2214:Invincible
2086:Invincible
1984:27 October
1612:27 October
1532:References
1477:Invincible
1471:Invincible
1454: (
1435:06°07′15″E
1432:57°02′40″N
1422:Invincible
1416:Wreck site
1395:Invincible
1383:Invincible
1379:Invincible
1375:Invincible
1371:Inflexible
1333:Invincible
1325:Invincible
1314:Invincible
1310:Inflexible
1302:Inflexible
1298:Invincible
1294:Invincible
1283:Canterbury
1277:Regensburg
1266:Inflexible
1258:Invincible
1254:Invincible
1244:Invincible
1222:Invincible
1208:Invincible
1192:Invincible
1164:Invincible
1157:Invincible
1148:at 23:07.
1142:Invincible
1131:Invincible
1123:Inflexible
1119:Invincible
1107:Invincible
1094:Invincible
1086:Invincible
1081:Invincible
1077:Inflexible
1042:Gneisenau'
1033:Invincible
1020:Invincible
1016:Invincible
1001:Invincible
997:Inflexible
986:Invincible
972:Macedonian
962:Macedonian
908:Inflexible
904:Invincible
841:Invincible
826:Strassburg
815:Strassburg
787:Invincible
744:Invincible
705:Home Fleet
694:John Birch
684:brigantine
680:Portsmouth
655:. She was
641:Invincible
619:Mild steel
594:Invincible
588:submerged
540:Invincible
528:Invincible
510:Invincible
484:Invincible
479:Propulsion
473:Invincible
446:Invincible
384:Inflexible
376:Invincible
360:Royal Navy
343:Invincible
256:Complement
220:Propulsion
132:Invincible
63:Invincible
2769:June 1916
2721:HMS
2714:SMS
2661:HMS
2642:SMS
2630:Tipperary
2628:HMS
2621:HMS
2614:HMS
2607:HMS
2600:HMS
2593:HMS
2586:HMS
2579:HMS
2535:HMS
2230:786134501
2102:0043-0374
1667:The Times
1262:Wiesbaden
1249:Wiesbaden
1218:Skagerrak
1111:squadrons
1102:drydocked
1098:Gibraltar
1073:Gneisenau
1069:capsizing
1061:Gneisenau
929:Gneisenau
927:SMS
896:Admiralty
657:laid down
626:magazines
570:casemates
554:Excellent
552:HMS
399:Gneisenau
387:sank the
354:of three
352:her class
348:lead ship
312:Barbettes
269:4 × twin
161:deep load
150:long tons
87:Laid down
2712:31 May:
2701:29 May:
2694:Peresvet
2691:23 May:
2681:13 May:
2576:31 May:
2565:27 May:
2554:17 May:
2544:16 May:
2533:14 May:
2340:Archived
2191:(2003).
2162:46594208
2065:(1999).
2013:Archived
1978:Archived
1940:16 April
1934:Archived
1669:(London)
1606:Archived
1357:Seydlitz
1035:underway
951:Cornwall
935:Nürnberg
809:Arethusa
713:Southend
698:Yarmouth
691:lifeboat
687:Mary Ann
661:launched
653:Tyneside
535:Armament
514:fuel oil
451:Minotaur
431:magazine
407:flagship
378:and her
346:was the
264:Armament
95:Launched
2723:Warrior
2581:Defence
2526:Roanoke
2523:9 May:
2507:8 May:
1487:in the
1240:Chester
1236:Chester
1231:Chester
1213:Galatea
1014:struck
1005:Leipzig
992:Leipzig
976:Canopus
957:Bristol
946:coaling
941:Canopus
835:Ariadne
669:collier
548:turrets
488:Parsons
457:overall
409:of the
318:Turrets
186:Draught
148:17,250
77:Builder
69:Ordered
40:History
2716:Elbing
2705:Mohawk
2703:USCGC
2602:Nestor
2516:Cymric
2313:
2290:
2267:
2248:
2228:
2201:
2177:
2160:
2136:
2117:
2100:
2073:
1401:Badger
1387:Lützow
1361:Lützow
1338:Lützow
1271:Pillau
1171:Rosyth
1150:Goissa
1146:Goissa
916:Brazil
760:Humber
600:Armour
493:Yarrow
294:Armour
170:Length
134:-class
2623:Shark
2609:Nomad
2438:class
2284:Class
2224:(2).
1495:Notes
1289:Shark
1167:'
1160:'
1153:'
1053:'
1023:'
1008:when
979:'
886:Graf
790:'
504:knots
465:draft
453:class
306:Decks
244:Range
237:knots
235:25.5
232:Speed
199:31 ×
2752:1917
2744:1916
2736:1915
2649:SMS
2635:SMS
2569:UC-3
2558:U-74
2429:None
2311:ISBN
2288:ISBN
2265:ISBN
2246:ISBN
2226:OCLC
2199:ISBN
2175:ISBN
2158:OCLC
2134:ISBN
2115:ISBN
2098:ISSN
2090:Hood
2071:ISBN
2046:2009
2021:2009
1986:2009
1942:2022
1614:2009
1389:and
1373:and
1366:Lion
1351:hit
1341:and
1304:and
1268:hit
1260:hit
1079:and
1059:and
967:Kent
854:Lion
849:Cöln
845:Cöln
830:Cöln
821:Cöln
818:and
676:Tyne
672:Oden
615:deck
606:belt
560:Her
471:The
461:beam
396:and
341:HMS
300:Belt
281:5 ×
227:sets
178:Beam
111:Fate
59:Name
2663:E18
2651:V48
2644:V29
2637:V27
2567:SM
2556:SM
2537:M30
2092:".
1513:CET
723:C34
678:to
651:on
500:shp
421:'s
350:of
249:nmi
207:shp
2786::
2719:,
2647:,
2640:,
2633:,
2626:,
2619:,
2612:,
2605:,
2598:,
2591:,
2584:,
2513:,
2222:12
2220:.
2037:.
1928:.
1899:^
1849:.
1733:^
1622:^
1584:^
1483:.
1369:,
1347:.
1133:.
857:.
772:.
728:UK
374:,
211:kW
2485:e
2478:t
2471:v
2377:e
2370:t
2363:v
2319:.
2296:.
2273:.
2254:.
2232:.
2207:.
2183:.
2164:.
2142:.
2123:.
2104:.
2079:.
2048:.
2023:.
1988:.
1944:.
1616:.
1458:)
213:)
163:)
156:)
154:t
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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