HMS Ark Royal (91)

811: 1915: 92: 1337: 2168: 2561: 8525: 3080: 2802: 677: 8501: 8484: 3004: 2644: 1490: 33: 8496: 8476: 2887: 2284: 1682:. Several neutral merchant ships were also spotted by the carrier's aircraft, twice causing crews to believe they were under attack and abandon ship. A note explaining the situation was dropped in a bag to a Norwegian vessel's crew, and they re-boarded; an attempt to repeat this exercise with a Belgian crew failed when the bag was dropped down the ship's funnel. 3178:

wreck lies in two main pieces with the stern section sitting upright and the bow section upside down. 66 feet (20 m) of the bow is separated from the rest of the ship's hull. A large debris field, which includes the funnel and bridge island, parts of the ship that came loose as the carrier sank,

2995:

to shake, hurled loaded torpedo-bombers into the air, and killed 44 year old Able Seaman Edward Mitchell, the only man to die in the sinking. The torpedo punched a 130 ft × 30 ft (40 m × 9 m) hole in the ship's bottom and starboard side below the water-line after running

1581:

turned hard to starboard, heeling over and avoiding the bomb, which landed in the ocean 100 feet (30 m) off her starboard bow and sent a spout of water over the ship. The German pilots did not see if the carrier had been hit, and a reconnaissance flight later located the two battleships, but not

786:

The deteriorating international situation by 1933, typified by Germany's rearmament and the expansion of Japan and Italy, convinced the British to announce funds for the carrier's construction in the 1934 budget proposals. The plans were finished by November 1934 and were tendered in February 1935 to

3190:

Study of the wreck also showed that restarting the engines to provide power increased the stresses placed on the hull, adding to the flooding. Once power was then lost, it was impossible to prevent the ship from sinking—her fate was more the result of design flaws than of the actions of her captain.

2677:

s radar and anti-aircraft fire from the escorts. During the initial waves, one Fulmar was lost, killing Flight Lieutenant Rupert Tillard and Lieutenant Mark Somerville; another was destroyed with the aircrew recovered, while several others were damaged. Consequently, only seven were able to face the

1949:

s fighters and a heavy anti-aircraft barrage drove off the enemy, and although several bombs were dropped at the carrier, none hit. The evacuations of Molde and Andalsnes were completed on 3 May, and the carrier was recalled to Scapa Flow to refuel and rearm. While in port, Captain Arthur Power left

3126:

in February 1942. He was found guilty on two counts of negligence: one of failing to ensure that properly constituted damage control parties had remained on board after the general evacuation, and one of failing to ensure the ship was in a sufficient state of readiness to deal with possible damage.

2132:

s captain, Cedric Holland, had been the British naval attaché in Paris, and was sent to negotiate the surrender or scuttling of the French fleet. Force H was deployed outside the harbour, and when the French admirals refused to agree to the offered terms, opened fire on the French ships. During the

3323:

Friedman. When the flight deck becomes the strength deck, the aircraft hangars are then enclosed within the hull structure. The terms, 'enclosed' and 'open' hangars do not, strictly speaking, refer to a hangar that is closed or open on the sides, but rather to whether the hangar is, respectively,

3186:

farther into the Mediterranean as she sank—that the ship had travelled eastwards underwater before reaching the seabed. The presence near the hull pieces of other debris, including a Swordfish bomber that was tipped off the flight deck before the ship rolled, proved this false. If the current had

2188:

Having reduced the possibility of a French challenge in the Mediterranean, Force H prepared for attacks on Italian targets, and sailed from Gibraltar on 8 July. The force was attacked by Italian bombers within eight hours of departing, and although Force H escaped damage, Somerville cancelled the

3333:

Friedman. The flight deck was designed with .75 in of Ducol steel. The enclosed hangar design required a deck of approximately this thickness to ensure adequate hull integrity, so the limited armour protection was a by-product of the enclosed hangar design. The strength deck is designed to carry

3135:

depended on electricity for much of her operation, and once the boilers and steam-driven dynamos were knocked out, the loss of power made damage control difficult. The committee recommended the design of the bulkheads and boiler intakes be improved to decrease the risk of widespread flooding in

3334:

structural loading in combination with the hull girder and side and bottom plating. Ship's structure above the strength deck is termed 'superstructure'. Ducol steel was an advanced type of high tensile steel which had great strength and was often used to provide armour for splinter protection.

3169:

The location of the wreck was undetermined until mid-December 2002, when the wreck was discovered by an underwater survey company, C & C Technologies, Inc, using a sonar-equipped autonomous underwater vehicle, 30 nautical miles (35 mi; 56 km) from Gibraltar, at about 3,300 feet

2591:, pushing the Western Desert Force before them. With British forces close to collapse and strategic locations threatened, the British High Command risked sending a reinforcement convoy across the Mediterranean to Alexandria. The convoy consisted of five large transport ships, escorted by 2947:

in September. Despite some losses, the convoys succeeded in keeping Malta supplied and fighting. The continued Allied presence in Malta was a considerable problem for Rommel in Africa, who was losing as much as ⅓ of his supplies from Italy to submarines and bombers based there.

2878:, forced her to sail towards the British warships with almost no manoeuvring capability. The German battleship was harassed by British destroyers during the night of 26–27 May and suffered heavy attack the next morning, finally sinking at 10:39 hours on 27 May. 1888:

positioned 120 nautical miles (220 km; 140 mi) offshore to reduce the chance of air attacks. The carrier's aircraft conducted anti-submarine patrols, provided fighter support for other ships, and carried out strikes against shipping and shore targets.

2640:. The convoy left Gibraltar on 6 May, and was detected by Italian aircraft. The convoy—limited to 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph) and escorted by so many capital ships—was such a tempting target that Italian and German aircraft were mobilised. 609:

and sank the following day. One of her 1,488 crew members was killed. Her sinking was the subject of several inquiries, with investigators keen to know how the carrier was lost in spite of efforts to save the ship and tow her to the naval base at

1712:

were dispatched to join the British ships outside the harbour, but as they were 36 hours away, the British naval attaché came up with a plan to make the Germans believe that the two capital ships had already arrived. An order for fuel for

795:

1,496,250 (equivalent to £131,200,000 in 2023) and the main machinery at approximately £500,000 (equivalent to £43,841,364 in 2023). The overall cost was estimated to be over £3 million (equivalent to £263 million in 2023), making

3187:

pushed the hull pieces any significant distance sideways as they sank, debris would have been spread over a much wider area. It seems though that eastward currents had affected her progress towards Gibraltar during the time she was under tow.

3020:

Immediately after the torpedo strike, Captain Maund ordered the engines to full stop, but with the communications knocked out had to send a runner to the engine room. The ship's continued motion enlarged the hole in the hull, and by the time

765:

The ship was fitted with six boilers, which powered three Parsons geared turbines. The turbines were connected via three driveshafts to three propellers 16 feet (4.9 m) in diameter, to produce a maximum theoretical speed of 30

924:

were located on the flight deck, in front of and behind the superstructure island, while eight 4-barrelled .50-inch (12.7 mm) machine guns were installed on small projecting platforms to the front and rear of the flight deck.

3130:

The Bucknill Committee, which had been set up to investigate the loss of major warships, also produced a report. This report said that the lack of backup power sources was a major design failure, which contributed to the loss:

571:. Designed to carry a large number of aircraft, she had two hangar deck levels. She was used during a period that first saw the extensive use of naval air power; several carrier tactics were developed and refined aboard 3076:, but the flooding had caused the ship to list more severely. Rising water reached the boiler room fan flat, an uninterrupted compartment running the width of the ship. This forced the shutdown of the restored boiler. 2411:. The Mediterranean Fleet was under pressure from Axis forces in the Eastern Mediterranean, while the British port at Gibraltar was likely to be lost if the Spanish chose to ally with the Germans instead of remaining 710:

had restricted warship displacement for a number of nations after the end of the Great War and were both to expire by the end of 1936. With a potential naval arms race developing between Britain, Japan and Italy, the

649:, began to update the plans for the carrier by incorporating recently developed technology. His aim was to increase the number of aircraft carried by shortening the landing and take-off distances of aircraft using 690:

Another feature was the length and height of the flight deck. At 800 feet (240 m), the flight deck was 118 feet (36 m) longer than the keel; the latter dictated by the length of Royal Navy drydocks in

3211:(signed in February 1922) imposed a limit of 135,000 tons on total British aircraft carrier displacement, with no one ship allowed to exceed 33,000 tons, and only two to exceed 27,000 tons. The 2531:

re-established air patrols in the hope of re-locating the raiders. During the day, a catapult malfunction destroyed a Fairey Swordfish; flinging the fuselage into the sea ahead of the carrier. Unable to stop,

3000:, oil tanks, and over 106 feet (32 m) of the ship's starboard bilge. The explosion knocked out all internal communications and the starboard power train, causing the rear half of the ship to lose power. 2851:. The aircraft mistook the British cruiser for their target and fired torpedoes. The torpedoes were fitted with unreliable magnetic detonators, which caused most to explode on contact with the water, while 2682:

force of 34 aircraft, while an attack just before dark was driven off by two aircraft and heavy fire from the ships. The convoy survived without serious damage: the only casualties were to mines, with the

7279: 778:

would have to break away from accompanying ships, and catch up on completion. Additionally, as the carrier was not armed for ship-to-ship combat, speed was her main protection against enemy warships.

2866:

just before sunset. Three torpedoes hit the battleship: two detonated forward of the engine rooms, while the third struck the starboard steering compartment and jammed her rudder in a 15° port turn.

1451:: two crashed when caught by the blast of their own bombs. The U-boat escaped after rescuing the boarding party and the pilots of the downed aircraft (both observers had drowned), and torpedoing the 2324:—sailed for Gibraltar, arriving on 6 November. They were deployed with the rest of Force H to escort convoys from Gibraltar to Alexandria and Malta, performing several runs before being assigned to 2929:. Malta remained an important stronghold in the Mediterranean, but was coming under increased pressure from Italian and German air attacks, and could no longer be supplied from the east since the 3037:, had sunk rapidly with heavy loss of life, Maund gave the order to abandon ship. The crew were assembled on the flight deck to determine who would remain on board to try to save the ship while 1884:. This was the first time the Royal Navy had deployed carriers with the primary purpose of providing fighter protection for other warships. The ships took up position on 25 April off the coast; 669:

steel plating. The two hangar decks were thus enclosed within the hull girder, which also gave splinter protection to the hangars. The machinery spaces were protected by 4.5-inch (11.4 cm)

2968:

ferried more aircraft to Malta before returning to Gibraltar. Admiral Somerville had been warned of U-boats off the Spanish coast, and reminded Force H to be vigilant. Also at sea was

1973:

Despite these efforts, it was clear by the end of May that French forces were on the verge of collapse and Norway was a sideshow compared to the German advance to the English Channel.

1801:

on 9 April, and had secured sections of the coast. Attempts by the Royal Navy to operate in support of British troops were unsuccessful; air attacks had overwhelmed the ships, sinking

2401:, which was trying to push Italian land forces from Egypt into Libya. Over the next month, British control of the Mediterranean theatre was weakened, particularly by the entry of the 1551:

launched three Blackburn Skuas to disperse them; one Dornier was shot down in an event propagandised as first British aerial kill of the war (later it was learned that the pilot of a

661:

to carry up to 72 aircraft, although the development of larger and heavier aircraft during the carrier's construction meant that the actual number carried was between 50 and 60.

875:

to prepare for service, during which the carrier proved capable of sailing above her theoretical speed, reaching over 31 knots (57.4 km/h; 35.6 mph) and in trials during May 1938

3127:

The board tempered their judgement with an acknowledgement that a high standard was being expected of Maund, and that he was primarily concerned with the welfare of his crew.

8602: 3045:

were not initiated until 49 minutes after the attack. The flooding spread unchecked, exacerbated by covers and hatches left open during evacuation of the lower decks.

2870:

was forced to sail in circles until a combination of alternating propeller speeds was found which would keep her on a reasonably steady course which, in the prevailing

1813:. Realising that the British ships required air cover, but aware that the Norwegian coast was outside the range of British land-based aircraft, the Admiralty recalled 2226:. The attacks were successfully carried out on 1 October, and the fleet reached Alexandria without significant attention from the Italian air force. From Alexandria, 774:

would have to turn into the wind to launch and recover aircraft. To avoid endangering other ships with the frequent course changes associated with flight operations,

8607: 617:

The wreck was discovered in December 2002 by an American underwater survey company using sonar mounted on an autonomous underwater vehicle, under contract from the

8597: 2862:

On return to the carrier, the Swordfish were re-armed with contact-detonator warhead torpedoes, and launched at 19:15 for a second attack; locating and attacking

851:, on 16 November 1938, and was commissioned on 16 December. Although intended for the Far East, events in Europe during the carrier's construction, including the 2189:

raids and ordered the fleet to Gibraltar. During July, the British colony of Malta came under attack from the Italian air force, with Force H ordered to deliver

1562:—aware that the surviving Dorniers would report the location of the British ships—ordered the aircraft to be secured and the anti-aircraft weapons readied. Four 5816: 2422:

s Swordfish bombers in raids against Italian targets, supported by bombardment from heavy fleet units. The first bombing, on 2 January against the Tirso Dam in

2215: 1481:

on 17 September, convinced the Admiralty it was too dangerous to risk aircraft carriers in this way, and carrier-centred hunter-killer groups were abandoned.

2368:

had been hit. British attacks failed to damage any other Italian ships or sink the disabled destroyer, and a retaliatory attack by the Italian air force saw

1794:. The carriers arrived in the Eastern Mediterranean on 8 April, but the exercises were cancelled a day later. The ships sailed to Gibraltar to await orders. 3098:

by 04:30; with the exception of Mitchell, there were no fatalities. The 1,487 officers and crew were transported to Gibraltar. The list reached 45° before

2372:

as the subject of multiple bombing runs, none of which hit. The battle had no clear result, although the British convoy reached its destination unscathed.

3215:(signed in April 1930) prevented signatories from constructing new capital ships, or converting existing capital ships into aircraft carriers, until 1937. 3066:

came alongside to provide power and additional pumps, while Swordfish aircraft from Gibraltar flew overhead to supplement anti-submarine patrols. The tug

657:

respectively, which would make more deck space available for storage and aircraft preparation. Along with the inclusion of two hangar decks, this allowed

916:. The original design placed the turrets low on the hull, but was later altered to locate them just below the flight deck, which increased each turret's 1926:. The Skuas were the mainstay of the Fleet Air Arm during the early Second World War. Also visible are the arrestor wires strung across the flight deck. 1590:

had sunk. To prove the German propaganda false before it had a negative effect on Britain's allies, Winston Churchill reassured United States President

8162: 7618: 1369:

as part of a "hunter-killer" group, consisting of a flotilla of destroyers and other anti-submarine vessels grouped around an aircraft carrier; either

901:

in mind, as aircraft were expected to be the main threat; ships and submarines could be outrun or dealt with by escorts. Her main armament was sixteen

2577:

spent April alternating between covering convoys and delivering aircraft to Malta and forays into the Atlantic to hunt commerce raiders. By May 1941,

3052:

had no backup diesel generators. About half an hour after the explosion, the carrier appeared to stabilise. Admiral Somerville, determined to save

1930:

By this point, the British high command had realised that they could not hold the Germans in southern Norway. The evacuation of Allied troops from

1348:

fleet taking up positions off the British coast, where they could intercept British shipping. Within hours of the war starting, the passenger ship

756: 3048:

Water spread to the centreline boiler room, which started to flood from below, and power was lost shipwide when the boiler uptakes became choked;

7603: 3102:

capsized and sank at 06:19 on 14 November. Witnesses reported the carrier rolling to 90°, where she remained for three minutes before inverting.

2835:

once in range and while being repaired at the Normandie drydock. Fifteen Swordfish bombers were armed with torpedoes and sent to delay the ship.

3029:

to starboard, reaching 18° from centre within 20 minutes. Considering the list of the carrier, and the fact that other carriers, including

7608: 7598: 2415:. To relieve the Mediterranean Fleet, while demonstrating British strength to the Spanish, the Admiralty and Admiral Cunningham planned to use 7593: 7170: 1893:

returned to Scapa Flow on 27 April to refuel and replace lost and damaged aircraft, before heading back on the same day with the battleship

8587: 8582: 7165: 5843: 2348:

and the carrier launched Swordfish torpedo bombers while the capital ships of Force H turned to meet the enemy. During the engagement, the

209: 5776: 3430: 3179:

and aircraft from the hangars, lies between the two hull sections. Analysis revealed that the port side of the ship hit the seabed first.

581:

operated in some of the most active naval theatres of the Second World War. She was involved in the first aerial U-boat kills of the war,

2939:

was pressed into service, delivering aircraft to Malta during several supply runs throughout June and July, and escorting the convoys of

1836:

arrived at Scapa Flow on 23 April 1940 and were immediately redeployed as part of Operation DX, sailing to Norway with the cruisers

3060:

to Gibraltar to organise salvage efforts. The damage control parties re-lit a boiler, restoring power to the bilge pumps. The destroyer

1721:, 140 miles (230 km) west of Montevideo. This was leaked to the press, passed on to the German embassy in Montevideo, and given to 1577:

soon appeared: three were driven away by anti-aircraft fire, but the fourth launched a 2,200-pound (1,000 kg) bomb at the carrier.

2991:

was struck amidships by a torpedo, between the fuel bunkers and bomb store, and directly below the bridge island. The explosion caused

2488:, commander of the German Navy. They were to disrupt Allied shipping and draw capital ships from other areas. On 8 March, Force H and 2905:

and the ships of Force H returned to Gibraltar on 29 May 1941. Despite the boost in Allied morale from the sinking of the battleship

8612: 8592: 2996:

deep and hitting the bilge keel, inboard of the side protection system. The hit caused flooding of the starboard boiler room, main

7155: 3136:

boiler rooms and machine spaces, while the uninterrupted boiler room flat was criticised. The design flaws were rectified in the

665:

featured an enclosed hangar design where the flight deck was the 'strength deck' and was strongly built with .75in (19mm) thick

8155: 8113: 7565: 7274: 7214: 2280:. The refit—which lasted until 3 November—included repairs to her machinery and the installation of a new flight deck barrier. 1942:

providing air cover from 30 April. On 1 May, the Germans tried to sink the carrier, with numerous air attacks through the day.

586: 239: 2670:

s Fairey Fulmars (the maximum number available) drove off over 50 aircraft, with the assistance of targeting information from

2084:

was launching aircraft in fog and returned to England for repairs, eight of the fifteen attacking Skuas were shot down, while

7269: 6071: 5811: 5738: 5642: 5623: 5597: 5551: 5426: 5331: 5278: 3251:, Appendix A. Ark Royal entered service with four 8-barrelled mountings, but by October 1941 all six mountings were in place. 2910: 2695:

underwent another aerial attack on 12 May, during her return to Gibraltar. Later that month, she and fellow aircraft carrier

2358:

was damaged, although it is uncertain if torpedoes from the bombers or British gunfire were responsible. The British mistook

1421:

turned towards the attack, reducing her cross-section and causing the torpedoes to miss and explode harmlessly astern. Three

829: 7874: 864: 8504: 8500: 8177: 6701: 8243: 731:

would have to fit this anticipated limit; to conserve weight, armour plating was limited to the belt, engine rooms, and

8495: 8491: 5887: 3137: 2339: 2057:

The last evacuation convoy left Narvik on 9 June. Before the British ships could withdraw, a raid on Trondheim located

833: 825: 74: 8328: 8311: 8148: 7307: 6258: 5894: 5866: 5711: 5692: 5532: 5513: 5491: 5464: 5445: 5407: 5377: 5350: 5299: 5244: 5215: 5188: 3144: 2353: 959:

torpedo bombers (during October 1941); these were replacement aircraft used to boost squadron numbers. In June 1940,

602:

survived several near misses and gained a reputation as a 'lucky ship'. She was torpedoed on 13 November 1941 by the

61: 3087:

The list reached 20° between 02:05 and 02:30, and when 'abandon ship' was declared again at 04:00, had reached 27°.

621:

for the filming of a documentary about the ship, at a depth of about 3,300 feet (1,000 m) and approximately 30

8538: 8367: 8207: 7236: 6854: 6793: 6050: 5901: 5836: 2333: 1678:, which was attempting to reach Germany. The ship was later taken into British service as a cargo ship and renamed 1633: 686:

s flight deck overhung the stern. Her unusual height above the waterline is visible in comparison with the tugboat.

2823:

At the time of detection, the British ships were 130 nmi (240 km; 150 mi) away and would not catch

1784:

was then assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet for exercises, departing Scapa Flow on 31 March 1940 and heading for

817:

immediately after launching. The lifts on the flight deck and the anti-aircraft positions on the hull are visible.

8271: 7241: 7135: 5956: 5949: 8058: 7224: 6267: 5963: 2019:

carried out air patrols and bombing raids from 3–6 June, before redeploying to Narvik on 7 June. The next day,

1385:. Carrier-borne aircraft could increase the area searched for U-boats, but made the carriers tempting targets. 751:

above the proposed limit, while reducing her endurance and stability. The ship was designed with a three-layer

646: 642: 286: 2952:

decided to send a flotilla of U-boats into the Mediterranean to attack Allied shipping, against the advice of

614:. They found that several design flaws contributed to the loss, which were rectified in new British carriers. 8448: 7175: 6892: 6742: 6735: 6663: 6413: 6348: 6237: 6223: 6197: 6004: 3182:

The wreck was found further east than expected. Researchers originally thought the wreck had been carried by

2032: 116: 8391: 8228: 8096: 6862: 6353: 6190: 6030: 5997: 5908: 2987:

detected an unidentified sound, but assumed it was the propellers of a nearby destroyer. One minute later,

2973: 2743: 2145: 1412: 1356: 603: 255: 6820: 2344:—was dispatched to intercept the convoy. The Italian fleet was detected by a reconnaissance aircraft from 2125:

might fall under Axis control and tip the balance of power in the Mediterranean, affecting the whole war.

947:, for reconnaissance and torpedo bombing. From April 1940, squadrons equipped with Skuas were upgraded to 800:

the most expensive non-battleship ordered by the Royal Navy. Construction began on Job No. 1012 when

439: 7858: 7229: 6953: 5829: 5176: 4997:

reports of Second Bucknill Committee relating to loss of HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Ark Royal, 1941–1942

2636:

s departure, Captain Holland left to recuperate from stress and poor health, and was replaced by Captain

2481: 2159: 2038: 852: 762:

battleships, and was designed to protect against torpedoes with up to a 750-pound (340 kg) warhead.

712: 227: 7264: 8515: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8471: 8437: 7550: 6694: 6105: 6011: 5660:

Sullivan, David M. & Sturton, Ian (2010). "Extraordinary Views of HMS Glorious and HMS Ark Royal".

2723: 2717: 2600: 2349: 2292: 2193:

to reinforce the island's air defences. Force H was deployed from 31 July – 4 August, with the carrier

716: 637:

prepared a 10-year building programme which included an aircraft carrier and 300 aircraft for the

589: 221: 2134: 951:; like their predecessors, these were used as fighters and bombers. On occasion, the carrier operated 8188: 8140: 7890: 7851: 7613: 7042: 6958: 6827: 6815: 6810: 6767: 6762: 6668: 6204: 6023: 5821: 3042: 2790:—were dispatched to the Atlantic on 23 May to search for the battleship. On 26 May, a Swordfish from 2637: 2325: 1694: 1591: 913: 582: 215: 2855:

evaded the rest. After realising his mistake, one of the pilots signalled 'Sorry for the kipper' to

2647:

An intense anti-aircraft barrage is visible during an attack by Italian torpedo bombers on Force H.

7835: 7578: 7259: 6938: 6779: 6675: 6408: 6393: 6323: 6294: 6289: 6057: 5525:

The Empire Ships: A Record of British-built and Acquired Merchant Ships During the Second World War

2737: 2659:

The British convoy came under air attack on 8 May, first by the Italian air force, then the German

917: 1697:. Two Royal Navy cruisers followed the raider, and patrolled the harbour entrance while reporting 8106: 7628: 7299: 6867: 6832: 6803: 6786: 6499: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6299: 6064: 5322: 3208: 2711: 2363: 2114: 1422: 703: 699:. Due to the twin hangar decks, the flight deck rose to 66 feet (20 m) above the waterline. 544: 346: 7438: 5040: 2729: 1798: 559:, England, and completed in November 1938. Her design differed from previous aircraft carriers. 8417: 8301: 8291: 8254: 8091: 7644: 7368: 7204: 7160: 7013: 6596: 6582: 6555: 6534: 6403: 6398: 5920: 5784: 3434: 2969: 2895: 1498: 1340:

The message sent to the ship informing her of the commencing of hostilities on 3 September 1939

1303: 1285: 1267: 1249: 1242: 1238: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1183: 1165: 1147: 1126: 1100: 1078: 1057: 1039: 1024: 1001: 964: 921: 752: 430: 2214:

Force H remained at Gibraltar until 30 September, when it escorted reinforcements for Admiral

1361:, the first of over 65,000 tons of shipping sunk by U-boats during the first week of the war. 641:. The economic downturn following the First World War caused it to be postponed. In 1930, the 8529: 8378: 8197: 7843: 7827: 7063: 7049: 6994: 6975: 6798: 6687: 6682: 6476: 6471: 6438: 6230: 6183: 6176: 6132: 6078: 5635:

Ark Royal: The Life, Death and Rediscovery of the Legendary Second World War Aircraft Carrier

3170:(1,000 m) depth. The company had been contracted by the BBC as part of a documentary on 2997: 1962:, including the landing of French troops on 13 May. She was joined on 18 May by the carriers 1653: 902: 898: 433: 421: 2068:

s Skuas took place at midnight on 13 June. The attack was a disaster: the escort destroyers

1911:

bombers operating from Norway. The carrier was undamaged, and resumed position on 29 April.

8233: 8007: 7819: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7473: 7209: 7027: 6987: 6968: 6926: 6921: 6887: 6772: 6728: 6520: 6506: 6443: 6358: 6304: 6139: 3171: 3161:, the southernmost tip of Gibraltar. This was accepted as the wreck location for 60 years. 2406: 2398: 1986: 1598:

in dock. The British naval attaché in Rome was instructed to assure Italian Prime Minister

1015: 744: 732: 7501: 1914: 932:

during her career; an average of five squadrons at any time. On entering service, most of

810: 8: 8577: 7933: 7866: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7459: 7410: 7389: 7326: 7183: 7128: 6948: 6933: 6721: 6636: 6608: 6575: 6541: 6527: 6433: 6309: 6169: 5501: 3212: 2940: 2624: 2606: 2500:

used her aircraft to search for captured ships returning to Germany under the control of

2433:

s Swordfish bombers were more successful on 6 January, when they bombed the port city of

2296: 2275: 2218:

fleet to Alexandria. En route, diversionary attacks were planned on Italian air bases at

2092:

returned to Scapa Flow the following day, and was reassigned to the Mediterranean Fleet.

2015:—sailed from Scapa Flow on 1 June to cover the evacuation, which commenced the next day. 1370: 972: 707: 7494: 7333: 7312: 2362:

for a cruiser, while the Italian commanders received incorrect reports that the cruiser

2250:

were directed against military installations during the unsuccessful British attempt to

1344:

The outbreak of the Second World War on 1 September 1939 had been presaged by Germany's

880: 568: 352: 203: 8411: 8351: 8280: 8012: 7987: 7949: 7898: 7882: 7487: 7480: 7347: 7006: 6943: 6900: 6872: 6844: 6448: 6216: 6209: 6144: 6016: 5561: 3478: 2781: 2763: 2269: 2144:

s aircraft provided targeting information for the British ships. The French battleship

2069: 1974: 1894: 1867: 1855: 1849: 1447:, which was in the hands of a German boarding party. The Skuas unsuccessfully attacked 1366: 1170: 968: 824:

spent nearly two years in the builder's yard before being launched on 13 April 1937 by

770:(56 km/h; 35 mph). Speed was important, as with catapults and arrestor gear, 7340: 5181:

Propaganda in War 1939–1945: Organisation, Policies and Publics in Britain and Germany

8316: 8053: 8037: 8027: 7992: 7508: 7445: 7431: 7382: 7056: 6963: 6839: 6603: 6548: 6513: 6453: 6343: 6085: 5942: 5734: 5717: 5707: 5688: 5682: 5669: 5648: 5638: 5619: 5593: 5569: 5547: 5528: 5509: 5487: 5470: 5460: 5441: 5422: 5403: 5383: 5373: 5356: 5346: 5327: 5305: 5295: 5289: 5274: 5250: 5240: 5221: 5211: 5194: 5184: 3061: 3026: 2944: 2536:

ran over the Swordfish and was overhead when the aircraft's depth charges detonated.

2496:

to search for the battleships, and to cover convoys crossing from the United States.

2319: 2263: 2075: 2010: 1643: 1466: 1349: 856: 848: 654: 634: 510: 5323:

Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy

3106:

then broke in two, the aft sinking within a couple of minutes, followed by the bow.

2504:. Three ships were located on 19 March: two scuttled themselves, while the third—SS 2222:

and Cagliari to direct attention from both the reinforcement operation and a supply

719:, which included limiting the maximum displacement of an aircraft carrier to 23,000 8457: 8333: 8217: 7941: 7560: 7466: 7396: 7354: 7196: 7020: 7001: 6589: 6316: 5983: 5873: 5858: 3115: 3007: 2982: 2813: 2394: 2190: 2179: 2118: 2004: 1998: 1843: 1837: 1808: 1802: 1599: 1336: 1308: 1290: 1272: 1254: 1204: 1116: 1105: 1062: 1044: 1029: 944: 905: 537: 529: 484: 424: 273: 42: 3056:, ordered damage control parties back to the carrier before taking the battleship 2122: 8360: 7925: 7452: 7319: 7219: 6982: 6713: 6643: 6629: 6622: 6250: 6164: 5935: 5928: 5395: 5234: 3484: 2930: 2412: 2393:

and merchant ships from Malta until 27 December. Force H then became involved in

2309: 2251: 2194: 1992: 1861: 1752: 1729: 1630: 1607: 1530: 1524: 1376: 1312: 956: 5291:

Aircraft Carriers of the World, 1914 to the Present: An Illustrated Encyclopedia

2732:

by breaking into the Atlantic to raid shipping. After sinking the battlecruiser

7424: 7417: 7375: 7121: 6882: 6615: 6494: 5975: 5317: 3489: 3485:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" 2891: 2871: 2612: 2527:

to report, by which time the German ships had escaped under fog. The next day,

2493: 2446: 2332:

between 1940 and 1942, on 25 November. An Italian fleet—led by the battleships

2178:

s flight deck, whilst a Blackburn Skua circles overhead. Photograph taken from

2167: 1951: 1919: 1908: 1879: 1873: 1758: 1131: 1083: 1006: 940: 650: 525: 488: 309: 197: 171: 7289: 2560: 2230:

was detached and sent to West Africa to support British attempts to encourage

8571: 8553: 8540: 8073: 8063: 7972: 7623: 7522: 7515: 7403: 6916: 6877: 6156: 6124: 6097: 5673: 3183: 3123: 2828: 2618: 2545: 2329: 2109:

and three destroyers, arriving at Gibraltar on 23 June 1940. Here she joined

1904: 1749: 1563: 1552: 1541: 1510: 1400: 1393: 1230: 1188: 1152: 1087: 952: 948: 883:(76,816 kW) at a deep displacement of 27,525 long tons (27,967 t). 792: 788: 638: 622: 595: 552: 494: 396: 366: 233: 137: 20: 5755: 5652: 5573: 5474: 5387: 5360: 5309: 5254: 5225: 5071: 8017: 8002: 7977: 7803: 7555: 7545: 7361: 7284: 6486: 5990: 5721: 5198: 3158: 3067: 2949: 2583: 2578: 2485: 2231: 2223: 1789: 1774: 1718: 1426: 909: 408: 4999:, held at Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London 3079: 2801: 2387:

returned to the Mediterranean on 20 December, and escorted the battleship

1935: 8343: 7997: 7982: 7540: 7034: 6655: 5806: 3119: 2379:

and Force H were redeployed from Gibraltar to the Atlantic to search the

2235: 1672: 908:

in eight twin turrets, four on each side of the hull, controlled by four

844: 767: 670: 564: 462: 442: 379: 5236:

Aircraft Carriers: The World's Greatest Naval Vessels and Their Aircraft

3118:

was established to investigate the loss. Based on its findings, Captain

3003: 2643: 1594:

that the carrier was undamaged and invited the US naval attaché to view

1417:, which launched two torpedoes. Lookouts spotted the torpedo tracks and 843:

s bows did not smash until the fourth attempt. The carrier spent a year

676: 6042: 5812:

Video of HMS Ark Royal engaging high level bombers with her AA armament

5400:

British Carrier Aviation: The Evolution of the Ships and their Aircraft

2978:, which had received a report that Force H was returning to Gibraltar. 2886: 2798:

and began to shadow her, while the Home Fleet was mobilised to pursue.

2588: 2501: 2388: 2283: 1950:

the ship for a promotion to the Admiralty, and was replaced by Captain

1785: 1770: 1766: 1748:

remained in the Atlantic for a short time before escorting the damaged

1690: 1489: 1432:, and forced her to the surface. The German crew abandoned ship before 860: 567:

were an integral part of the hull, instead of an add-on or part of the

556: 533: 456: 399:(14,100 km; 8,700 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) 32: 8170: 5851: 3235:

David A Thomas, "Battles and Honours of the Royal Navy" Kindle edition

755:

based upon a void-liquid-void scheme very similar to that used on the

673:. Three lifts moved aircraft between the hangars and the flight deck. 8401: 6754: 6567: 6281: 2875: 2629:, and screened by destroyers of the 5th Destroyer Flotilla. Prior to 2454: 2259: 2051: 1537: 872: 743:

65% of the hull saved 500 long tons (510 t). Installation of an

692: 611: 315: 293: 2457:, and to lay mines in the harbour. Both operations were successful. 2050:

s aircraft failed to locate the German ships, which had returned to

6463: 6112: 2816:

returns at low level over the sea after making a torpedo attack on

2423: 2208: 2104: 1626: 1603: 1544: 1516: 1515:, which had been damaged by German warships off Horn Reefs, in the 1462: 720: 5436:

Garzke, William H.; Dulin, Robert O. Jr.; Webb, Thomas G. (1980).

2981:

On 13 November, at 15:40, the sonar operator aboard the destroyer

2523:

at sea. Because of a radio malfunction, the crew had to return to

2397:, a plan to move convoys through the Mediterranean to support the 1602:

that the ship was still in service. This was an embarrassment for

1586:. Based on this information, the Germans incorrectly claimed that 859:

in 1936, caused the Admiralty to mark her for deployment with the

8123: 6425: 3153:

The Board of Inquiry closed its report with the observation that

2750:

shook off her pursuers and headed for the French Atlantic coast.

2207:

launched a successful air attack against the Italian air base at

2110: 1732:. This contributed to Langsdorff's decision to scuttle his ship. 1639: 1473:

was hailed as important to morale. However, the failed attack on

879:

achieved 31.2 knots (57.8 km/h; 35.9 mph) with 103,012

736: 3041:

came alongside to take off the rest. As a result, comprehensive

2651:

is on the left, with an Italian aircraft over her bows, and HMS

1403:(230 mi; 370 km) away under pursuit from the surfaced 8118: 8022: 7144: 2914: 2380: 1959: 1667:, which fooled the British into passing her by. On 5 November, 1566: 1411:

launched aircraft to aid the merchant ship, but was spotted by

1345: 5522: 5039:

Warren, Daniel; Church, Robert; Davey, Rick (September 2004).

2238:. During negotiations, several Free French aircraft flew from 8032: 5566:

Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States

5138:

Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States

2926: 2918: 2434: 2243: 2219: 1977:

was instigated to move Allied troops from Narvik to Britain.

1931: 1574: 740: 724: 696: 666: 493:

1940–1941: 30 × Fairey Swordfish, 12 × Blackburn Skuas, 12 ×

5568:. Vol. I. Washington: US G.P.O. 1922. pp. 247–66. 3157:

had sunk 22 nautical miles (25 mi; 41 km) east of

3025:

stopped she had taken on a great deal of water and begun to

1629:

to operate off the African coast in the hunt for the German

5706:. London: Sidgwick and Jackson (for Book Club Associates). 5687:. Vol. 1. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 3072:

arrived from Gibraltar at 20:00 and attached a tow line to

465:: 3.5 in (8.9 cm) over boiler rooms and magazines 7113: 2460: 1070:

Removed from operational service following losses against

5484:

Ark Royal: The Life of an Aircraft Carrier at War 1939–41

5419:

Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II

5343:

Target America: Hitler's Plan to Attack the United States

2552:

returned to Gibraltar for repairs, arriving on 24 March.

618: 5523:

Mitchell, William Harry; Sawyer, Leonard Arthur (1990).

5232: 2437:. The carrier's aircraft also covered the battlecruiser 5781:

Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships in World War 2

922:

2-pounder (40-millimetre (1.57 in)) "pom-pom" guns

5459:. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University. 8513: 5546:. Vol. 1. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. 2511:

On the evening of 21 March 1941 a Fairey Fulmar from

1773:. On arrival, she transferred her Blackburn Skuas to 1769:

to take on supplies and personnel, before sailing to

955:

fighter-bombers (from April 1939 – October 1940) and

8603:

World War II aircraft carriers of the United Kingdom

5817:

Picture of Ark Royal sinking with Swordfish on deck.

5457:

Sunken Treaties: Naval Arms Control Between the Wars

2555: 1958:

was told to provide air cover for operations around

5506:

British and Empire Warships of the Second World War

3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3406: 2184:

after the attacks on the Italian Fleet off Sardinia

1648:to the South Atlantic. On 9 October, aircraft from 928:Sixteen Fleet Air Arm squadrons were posted aboard 8171:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in November 1941 5852:British naval ship classes of the Second World War 1761:, where they arrived in February. Following this, 1121:and land bases between October 1939 and June 1940 747:was not possible, as the weight would have placed 5269:Brown, David; Brown, J. D.; Hobbs, David (2009). 5038: 3543: 3083:Another photograph showing the degree of the list 1535:on 26 September, the ships were located by three 8608:World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea 8569: 5416: 3904: 3902: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3403: 3360: 3358: 3174:related to major battles of the Royal Navy. The 2831:, putting her safely under the air cover of the 2291:during an attack by Italian aircraft during the 2164:, which had been beached in the initial attack. 1331: 543:Designed in 1934 to fit the restrictions of the 499:1941: 36 × Fairey Swordfish, 18 × Fairey Fulmars 8598:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II 5659: 5435: 5268: 5117: 5115: 3644: 3642: 2258:then returned to Britain for refit, docking in 2203:provided air cover for the fleet. On 2 August, 5807:HMS Ark Royal – Operational History and Photos 5592:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 5421:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 5402:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 5316: 5294:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 5273:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 4838: 4836: 4742: 4740: 4738: 3293: 2881: 2699:delivered Hawker Hurricanes to support Malta. 2587:were driving through North Africa towards the 8156: 7129: 5837: 5370:Dönitz and the Wolf Packs: the U-boats at war 5326:(Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. 4976: 4974: 4284: 4282: 3899: 3690: 3355: 2453:launched aircraft to bomb an oil refinery at 5112: 5066: 5064: 4803: 3942: 3940: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3886: 3884: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3677: 3675: 3639: 3471: 3388: 1797:German forces had invaded Norway as part of 1663:. The tanker was disguised as the US vessel 867:. After her crew joined at the end of 1938, 563:was the first ship on which the hangars and 8081: 4833: 4735: 3866: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3596: 3594: 3539: 3537: 2959: 2154:. Two days after the attack, aircraft from 2150:escaped, despite attacks by Swordfish from 2095: 1465:, where she and her crew were inspected by 1436:sank—the first U-boat lost during the war. 807:s keel was laid down on 16 September 1935. 791:, which calculated the cost of the hull at 385:31 knots (57 km/h; 36 mph) actual 41:in 1939, conducting flying operations with 8163: 8149: 7136: 7122: 5844: 5830: 5728: 5562:"Conference on the Limitation of Armament" 5541: 5233:Bishop, Chris; Chant, Christopher (2004). 5210:. Zielger, Frank (trans.). London: Corgi. 5032: 4971: 4790: 4788: 4527: 4525: 4279: 4236: 4234: 4128: 4126: 3975: 3973: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 2925:was preparing to launch a final push into 2405:and the near-loss of the aircraft carrier 847:, was handed over to her first commander, 5061: 3937: 3917: 3881: 3851: 3736: 3672: 3481:inflation figures are based on data from 3342: 3340: 3012:moving alongside the damaged and listing 2121:there was concern that a French fleet at 836:. The bottle of champagne thrown against 625:(56 km; 35 mi) from Gibraltar. 5777:"HMS Ark Royal – Fleet Aircraft Carrier" 5701: 5632: 5587: 5394: 5287: 3801: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3591: 3534: 3431:"HMS Ark Royal – Fleet Aircraft Carrier" 3243: 3241: 3078: 3002: 2885: 2800: 2642: 2559: 2472:In early February 1941, the battleships 2282: 2246:. Negotiations failed, and bombers from 2166: 1913: 1780:to strengthen the anchorage's defences. 1613: 1488: 1365:was deployed with the Home Fleet in the 1335: 886: 809: 675: 19:For other ships with the same name, see 7156:Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I 5680: 5590:U-boats in the Mediterranean, 1941–1944 5481: 5454: 5367: 5175: 4785: 4522: 4231: 4123: 3970: 3276: 3254: 2921:had fallen to the Axis Powers, and the 2702: 2103:left Scapa Flow with the battlecruiser 382:(56 km/h; 35 mph) as designed 8570: 5616:Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945 5500: 5486:(2nd ed.). Periscope Publishing. 5205: 5183:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 4681: 4303: 3337: 2716:On 18 May 1941, the German battleship 2242:, but their aircrews were arrested at 1735: 943:—used as fighters and dive bombers—or 939:s squadrons were equipped with either 327:94 ft 9.6 in (28.895 m) 314:721 ft 6 in (219.91 m) 8144: 7161:Battle of the Atlantic (World War II) 7117: 7098:Laid down and completed after the war 5825: 5774: 5637:(2nd ed.). London: Corgi Books. 5340: 3712: 3482: 3238: 2262:on 8 October after being escorted by 2234:colonies to switch allegiance to the 2171:A Fairey Swordfish aircraft lands on 1824: 1693:to repair damage received during the 967:, a training squadron which operated 335:27 ft 9.6 in (8.473 m) 88: 5756:"Film team finds wreck of Ark Royal" 5684:Sea Battles in Close-Up: World War 2 5417:Garzke, William; John Dulin (1990). 5121: 5103: 5088: 5072:"Film team finds wreck of Ark Royal" 5023: 5008: 4980: 4962: 4872: 4824: 4809: 4794: 4776: 4746: 4711: 4531: 4513: 4438: 4423: 4363: 4348: 4333: 4318: 4240: 4192: 4147: 4132: 4099: 4084: 4069: 4039: 3994: 3979: 3961: 3928: 3908: 3872: 3842: 3812: 3777: 3762: 3727: 3703: 3648: 3630: 3615: 3600: 3573: 3558: 3525: 3510: 3462: 3447: 3394: 3364: 3308: 3267: 2295:. Photograph taken from the cruiser 2199:used to deliver the aircraft, while 2158:incapacitated the French battleship 2031:were sunk by the German battleships 1821:from the Mediterranean on 16 April. 1642:, and sailed with the battlecruiser 1484: 8588:Maritime incidents in November 1941 8583:Aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy 5783:. Naval-History.Net. Archived from 5151: 4995:Papers of Admiral Sir Hugh Binney, 4947: 4917: 4902: 4887: 4857: 4842: 4761: 4726: 4651: 4636: 4621: 4606: 4591: 4576: 4561: 4546: 4498: 4483: 4468: 4453: 4408: 4393: 4378: 4288: 4270: 4255: 4222: 4207: 4177: 4162: 4114: 4054: 4024: 4009: 3946: 3890: 3857: 3827: 3747: 3681: 3346: 3094:s complement had been evacuated to 903:quick-firing 4.5-inch (110 mm) 13: 5613: 5482:Jameson, William (1 April 2004) . 5438:Allied Battleships in World War II 5271:Carrier Operations in World War II 4696: 4666: 3792: 3379: 3150:, under construction at the time. 2898:lined up on deck before taking off 2548:without British harassment, while 1903:came under air attack from German 1326: 292:27,720 long tons (28,165 t) ( 285:22,000 long tons (22,353 t) ( 14: 8624: 7308:List of wolfpacks of World War II 5800: 5372:(2nd ed.). London: Cassell. 5345:(3rd ed.). New York: Lyons. 4932: 3663: 3428: 3324:below or above the strength deck. 2556:Malta convoys and Operation Tiger 431:2-pdr (40 mm (1.57 in)) 8523: 8499: 8494: 8482: 8474: 5144: 5130: 5097: 5082: 5017: 5002: 4989: 4956: 4941: 4926: 4911: 4896: 4881: 4866: 4851: 4818: 3201: 3109: 2691:damaged but able to reach port. 2480:headed into the Atlantic during 587:search for the German battleship 90: 31: 8613:2002 archaeological discoveries 8593:Ships built on the River Mersey 4770: 4755: 4720: 4705: 4690: 4675: 4660: 4645: 4630: 4615: 4600: 4585: 4570: 4555: 4540: 4507: 4492: 4477: 4462: 4447: 4432: 4417: 4402: 4387: 4372: 4357: 4342: 4327: 4312: 4297: 4264: 4249: 4216: 4201: 4186: 4171: 4156: 4141: 4108: 4093: 4078: 4063: 4048: 4033: 4018: 4003: 3988: 3955: 3836: 3821: 3786: 3771: 3756: 3657: 3624: 3609: 3582: 3567: 3552: 3519: 3504: 3456: 3441: 3373: 2484:on the orders of Grand Admiral 2445:while they shelled the port in 2043:while heading back to Britain. 1848:and screened by the destroyers 1519:. While returning to port with 1477:, and the successful attack on 1425:escorting the carrier began to 1219:survivors, later absorbed into 781: 8059:Unrestricted submarine warfare 5704:Fighting Ships of World War II 5041:"Discovering H.M.S. Ark Royal" 3603:Fighting Ships of World War II 3327: 3317: 3302: 3229: 3164: 2913:was going against the Allies. 2896:No. 800 Squadron Fleet Air Arm 2567:at sea with the battlecruiser 1899:as escort. During the return, 1638:. The carrier was assigned to 1392:received a distress call from 1193:September 1940 – November 1941 1034:January 1939 – September 1941 789:Cammell Laird and Company Ltd. 643:Director of Naval Construction 1: 5733:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 5164: 1671:captured the German merchant 1332:With the hunter-killer groups 897:s armament was designed with 853:Italian invasion of Abyssinia 536:that was operated during the 440:.50 in (12.7 mm) AA 16:1938 British aircraft carrier 7171:Mediterranean (World War II) 6863:Harbour defence motor launch 5239:. Grand Rapids, MI: Zenith. 3222: 2744:Battle of the Denmark Strait 2736:and damaging the battleship 1985:—screened by the destroyers 1509:helped rescue the submarine 1209:December 1940 – January 1941 459:: 4.5 in (11.4 cm) 7: 7166:Mediterranean (World War I) 7143: 5775:Mason, Geoffrey B. (2003). 5748: 5729:Williamson, Gordon (2003). 5588:Paterson, Lawrence (2007). 5544:Struggle for the Middle Sea 5527:. Lloyd's of London Press. 5508:. London: Greenhill Books. 3830:Propaganda in War 1939–1945 2882:Escorting the Malta convoys 2762:—accompanied by destroyers 1497:in 1939, with Swordfish of 834:First Lord of the Admiralty 10: 8629: 7551:Battle of the St. Lawrence 7043:Merchant aircraft carriers 5731:German Battleships 1939–45 5455:Goldman, Emily O. (1994). 5368:Edwards, Bernard (1999) . 2709: 2350:Battle of Cape Spartivento 2293:Battle of Cape Spartivento 1788:with the aircraft carrier 979:Squadrons embarked aboard 655:compressed steam catapults 18: 8469: 8428: 8176: 8072: 8046: 7965: 7910: 7812: 7802: 7637: 7586: 7577: 7533: 7298: 7280:Knight's Cross recipients 7252: 7195: 7151: 7073: 6909: 6853: 6753: 6712: 6654: 6566: 6485: 6462: 6424: 6280: 6249: 6155: 6123: 6096: 6041: 5974: 5919: 5857: 5702:Westwood, J. N. (1975) . 5618:. Naval Institute Press. 5610:: Wm Kimber & Co Ltd. 5606:Poolman, Kenneth (1956). 5440:. Naval Institute Press. 5341:Duffy, James P. (2006) . 5208:The Luftwaffe War Diaries 3795:The Luftwaffe War Diaries 3750:Dönitz and the wolf packs 3684:Dönitz and the Wolf Packs 1704:s position to the fleet. 1695:battle of the River Plate 1592:Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1558:The air commander aboard 1555:achieved the first kill. 1092:April 1939 – October 1940 1067:January 1939 – April 1940 1011:January 1939 – April 1941 914:High Angle Control System 628: 422:4.5 in (110 mm) 308:800 ft (240 m) 264: 83: 52: 30: 7875:Italian battleship 7859:Russian battleship 5681:Stephen, Martin (1988). 5633:Rossiter, Mike (2007) . 5542:O'Hara, Vincent (2009). 5288:Chesneau, Roger (1984). 5169: 4812:British Carrier Aviation 3397:British Carrier Aviation 3249:British Carrier Aviation 3194: 2960:Final voyage and sinking 2911:war in the Mediterranean 2352:, the Italian destroyer 2330:convoys to support Malta 2287:Bombs falling astern of 2096:Mediterranean deployment 1367:North Western Approaches 1171:Supermarine Walrus Mk. I 1049:January 1939 – June 1941 407:1,580 officers and 347:Admiralty 3-drum boilers 7891:French battleship 7836:French battleship 7275:World War II commanders 7092:Completed after the war 7057:Armed merchant cruisers 6868:Fairmile B motor launch 5921:Light aircraft carriers 5762:. BBC. 19 December 2002 5320:; Warlow, Ben (2006) . 3546:Ships of the Royal Navy 3544:Colledge & Warlow. 3483:Clark, Gregory (2017). 3209:Washington Naval Treaty 3043:damage control measures 2712:Last battle of Bismarck 2426:, was unsuccessful but 2224:convoy sailing to Malta 2135:attack on Mers-el-Kébir 1954:. On return to Norway, 1295:September–November 1941 545:Washington Naval Treaty 365:3 × shafts; 3 × geared 265:General characteristics 7270:World War I commanders 7064:Ocean boarding vessels 7050:Fighter catapult ships 5206:Bekker, Cajus (1969). 3084: 3017: 2970:Friedrich Guggenberger 2899: 2820: 2663:. Over the day, 12 of 2656: 2571: 2383:for commerce raiders. 2301: 2185: 2119:capitulation of France 1927: 1505:On 25 September 1939, 1502: 1499:820 Naval Air Squadron 1341: 1309:Fairey Swordfish Mk. I 1291:Fairey Swordfish Mk. I 1273:Fairey Swordfish Mk. I 1255:Fairey Swordfish Mk. I 1205:Fairey Swordfish Mk. I 1106:Fairey Swordfish Mk. I 1063:Fairey Swordfish Mk. I 1045:Fairey Swordfish Mk. I 1030:Fairey Swordfish Mk. I 965:701 Naval Air Squadron 818: 753:side protection system 687: 604:German submarine 185:– "Zeal Does Not Rest" 5662:Warship International 3437:on 29 September 2016. 3082: 3016:to take off survivors 3006: 2964:On 10 November 1941, 2889: 2804: 2646: 2563: 2375:On 14 December 1940, 2286: 2170: 1917: 1685:On 14 December 1939, 1492: 1339: 1313:Fairey Albacore Mk. I 1132:Blackburn Skua Mk. II 1084:Blackburn Skua Mk. II 1007:Blackburn Skua Mk. II 993:Embarked (from – to) 899:anti-aircraft warfare 887:Armament and aircraft 813: 708:London Naval treaties 679: 583:operations off Norway 8008:Metox radar detector 7230:Uncompleted projects 7002:Submarine depot ship 6896:-class river gunboat 6888:Insect-class gunboat 3294:Bishop & Chant. 3172:maritime archaeology 2730:Operation Rheinübung 2595:, the battlecruiser 2492:were ordered to the 2399:Western Desert Force 2115:Sir James Somerville 1799:Operation Weserübung 1523:and the battleships 1461:returned to base in 1320:Redeployed to Malta 1298:Embarked at sinking 1280:Embarked at sinking 1262:Embarked at sinking 1196:Embarked at sinking 1189:Fairey Fulmar Mk. II 1160:Embarked at sinking 1153:Fairey Fulmar Mk. II 1110:August–October 1939 865:Mediterranean Fleets 849:Captain Arthur Power 745:armoured flight deck 183:Desire n'a pas Repos 129:1934 build programme 8550: / 5614:Rohwer, J. (2005). 5108:. pp. 168–169. 5093:. pp. 368–369. 5078:. 19 December 2002. 5048:Hydro International 4985:. pp. 372–437. 4967:. pp. 375–376. 4907:. pp. 343–345. 4862:. pp. 338–340. 4716:. pp. 316–317. 4671:. pp. 235–236. 4656:. pp. 303–305. 4626:. pp. 299–300. 4581:. pp. 279–290. 4566:. pp. 276–277. 4503:. pp. 271–274. 4458:. pp. 268–269. 4413:. pp. 260–262. 4383:. pp. 259–260. 4368:. pp. 228–230. 4353:. pp. 222–226. 4338:. pp. 218–219. 4275:. pp. 236–258. 4227:. pp. 222–225. 4182:. pp. 192–193. 4167:. pp. 185–187. 4029:. pp. 140–141. 3999:. pp. 120–121. 3832:. pp. 158–159. 3664:Brown; et al. 3384:. pp. 364–365. 3213:London Naval Treaty 2941:Operation Substance 2827:before she reached 2252:take Dakar by force 2216:Andrew Cunningham's 1807:and nearly sinking 1736:Return to the fleet 1443:s aircraft reached 1231:Fairey Fulmar Mk. I 1157:April–November 1941 1088:Blackburn Roc Mk. I 983: 506:Aviation facilities 7988:FuG 200 Hohentwiel 6901:Type Two 63 ft HSL 6873:Motor torpedo boat 6259:Thornycroft type ( 5156:. pp. 307–19. 5140:. pp. 247–66. 4684:German Battleships 4212:. pp. 212–15. 3666:Carrier Operations 3479:Retail Price Index 3382:Allied Battleships 3085: 3018: 2900: 2821: 2722:and heavy cruiser 2657: 2572: 2508:— reached France. 2302: 2186: 1975:Operation Alphabet 1928: 1825:Norwegian campaign 1775:Naval Air Station 1759:Devonport Dockyard 1625:was redeployed to 1503: 1423:F-class destroyers 1342: 1277:July–November 1941 1259:June–November 1941 1178:Training squadron 990:Aircraft operated 978: 969:Supermarine Walrus 920:. Six 8-barrelled 819: 713:British government 688: 260:, 14 November 1941 8511: 8510: 8138: 8137: 8134: 8133: 8054:Submarine warfare 8028:Sieglinde (decoy) 7961: 7960: 7877:Regina Margherita 7798: 7797: 7534:Major engagements 7111: 7110: 6983:Seaplane carriers 6251:Destroyer leaders 5859:Aircraft carriers 5740:978-1-84176-498-6 5644:978-0-552-15369-0 5625:978-1-59114-119-8 5599:978-1-59114-893-7 5553:978-1-59114-648-3 5428:978-0-87021-101-0 5333:978-1-86176-281-8 5280:978-1-59114-108-2 4686:. pp. 33–34. 4308:. pp. 72–74. 3913:. pp. 94–96. 3847:. pp. 88–89. 3817:. pp. 84–85. 3797:. pp. 75–76. 3732:. pp. 75–78. 3708:. pp. 74–77. 3635:. pp. 47–48. 3578:. pp. 61–62. 3515:. pp. 45–46. 3369:. pp. 48–49. 3313:. pp. 48–51. 3296:Aircraft carriers 3272:. pp. 43–44. 2945:Operation Halberd 2839:, also shadowing 2599:, the battleship 2328:, one of 35 2191:Hawker Hurricanes 1659:, which supplied 1635:Admiral Graf Spee 1621:In October 1939, 1485:Another near miss 1469:. The sinking of 1467:Winston Churchill 1388:On 14 September, 1355:was torpedoed by 1324: 1323: 906:dual purpose guns 857:Spanish Civil War 516: 515: 147:16 September 1935 71:Succeeded by 8620: 8565: 8564: 8562: 8561: 8560: 8555: 8554:36.050°N 4.750°W 8551: 8548: 8547: 8546: 8543: 8528: 8527: 8526: 8519: 8503: 8498: 8486: 8478: 8462: 8452: 8442: 8421: 8405: 8395: 8385: 8373: 8355: 8338: 8322: 8305: 8295: 8285: 8275: 8272:Chervona Ukraina 8258: 8248: 8238: 8222: 8212: 8202: 8192: 8165: 8158: 8151: 8142: 8141: 8079: 8078: 7810: 7809: 7584: 7583: 7579:U-boat flotillas 7237:Austro-Hungarian 7220:Foreign captured 7138: 7131: 7124: 7115: 7114: 6268:Admiralty type ( 5846: 5839: 5832: 5823: 5822: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5744: 5725: 5698: 5677: 5656: 5629: 5603: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5557: 5538: 5519: 5497: 5478: 5451: 5432: 5413: 5396:Friedman, Norman 5391: 5364: 5337: 5313: 5284: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5229: 5202: 5177:Balfour, Michael 5158: 5157: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5119: 5110: 5109: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5068: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5045: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5021: 5015: 5014: 5006: 5000: 4993: 4987: 4986: 4978: 4969: 4968: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4900: 4894: 4893: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4855: 4849: 4848: 4840: 4831: 4830: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4807: 4801: 4800: 4792: 4783: 4782: 4774: 4768: 4767: 4759: 4753: 4752: 4744: 4733: 4732: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4694: 4688: 4687: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4669:Axis Battleships 4664: 4658: 4657: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4634: 4628: 4627: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4529: 4520: 4519: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4436: 4430: 4429: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4346: 4340: 4339: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4286: 4277: 4276: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4238: 4229: 4228: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4175: 4169: 4168: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4130: 4121: 4120: 4112: 4106: 4105: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4007: 4001: 4000: 3992: 3986: 3985: 3977: 3968: 3967: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3944: 3935: 3934: 3926: 3915: 3914: 3906: 3897: 3896: 3888: 3879: 3878: 3875:The Empire Ships 3870: 3864: 3863: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3810: 3799: 3798: 3790: 3784: 3783: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3745: 3734: 3733: 3725: 3710: 3709: 3701: 3688: 3687: 3679: 3670: 3669: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3646: 3637: 3636: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3598: 3589: 3588:Friedman, p. 123 3586: 3580: 3579: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3541: 3532: 3531: 3523: 3517: 3516: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3433:. Archived from 3426: 3401: 3400: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3362: 3353: 3352: 3344: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3291: 3274: 3273: 3265: 3252: 3245: 3236: 3233: 3216: 3205: 3124:court-martialled 3116:Board of Inquiry 3093: 2814:Fairey Swordfish 2811: 2689:New Zealand Star 2676: 2669: 2635: 2515:stumbled across 2482:Operation Berlin 2449:. On 9 January, 2432: 2421: 2395:Operation Excess 2326:Operation Collar 2308:—accompanied by 2177: 2143: 2131: 2088:escaped damage. 2067: 2049: 1948: 1727: 1703: 1600:Benito Mussolini 1501:passing overhead 1442: 1399:, which was 200 984: 977: 945:Fairey Swordfish 938: 896: 881:shaft horsepower 855:in 1935 and the 842: 830:Sir Samuel Hoare 806: 685: 647:Sir Arthur Johns 538:Second World War 530:aircraft carrier 485:Fairey Swordfish 483:1939–1940: 26 × 472:Aircraft carried 355:(76,000 kW) 274:Aircraft carrier 163:16 December 1938 98: 95: 94: 93: 35: 28: 27: 8628: 8627: 8623: 8622: 8621: 8619: 8618: 8617: 8568: 8567: 8558: 8556: 8552: 8549: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8537: 8536: 8534: 8524: 8522: 8514: 8512: 8507: 8490: 8465: 8455: 8445: 8435: 8429:Other incidents 8424: 8408: 8398: 8388: 8376: 8358: 8341: 8325: 8308: 8298: 8288: 8282:Empire Defender 8278: 8261: 8251: 8241: 8225: 8215: 8205: 8195: 8185: 8172: 8169: 8139: 8130: 8068: 8042: 7957: 7906: 7794: 7633: 7573: 7529: 7294: 7248: 7215:Most successful 7191: 7147: 7142: 7112: 7107: 7069: 6905: 6849: 6749: 6708: 6650: 6638:Southern Prince 6562: 6481: 6458: 6420: 6276: 6245: 6151: 6119: 6092: 6052:Queen Elizabeth 6037: 6025:Pretoria Castle 5976:Escort carriers 5970: 5915: 5853: 5850: 5803: 5790: 5788: 5787:on 7 April 2010 5765: 5763: 5754: 5751: 5741: 5714: 5695: 5645: 5626: 5600: 5578: 5576: 5560: 5554: 5535: 5516: 5494: 5467: 5448: 5429: 5410: 5380: 5353: 5334: 5318:Colledge, J. J. 5302: 5281: 5259: 5257: 5247: 5218: 5191: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5161: 5154:Sunken treaties 5149: 5145: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5120: 5113: 5102: 5098: 5087: 5083: 5070: 5069: 5062: 5052: 5050: 5043: 5037: 5033: 5022: 5018: 5007: 5003: 4994: 4990: 4979: 4972: 4961: 4957: 4946: 4942: 4931: 4927: 4916: 4912: 4901: 4897: 4886: 4882: 4871: 4867: 4856: 4852: 4841: 4834: 4823: 4819: 4808: 4804: 4793: 4786: 4775: 4771: 4760: 4756: 4745: 4736: 4725: 4721: 4710: 4706: 4695: 4691: 4680: 4676: 4665: 4661: 4650: 4646: 4635: 4631: 4620: 4616: 4605: 4601: 4590: 4586: 4575: 4571: 4560: 4556: 4545: 4541: 4530: 4523: 4512: 4508: 4497: 4493: 4482: 4478: 4467: 4463: 4452: 4448: 4437: 4433: 4422: 4418: 4407: 4403: 4392: 4388: 4377: 4373: 4362: 4358: 4347: 4343: 4332: 4328: 4317: 4313: 4302: 4298: 4287: 4280: 4269: 4265: 4254: 4250: 4239: 4232: 4221: 4217: 4206: 4202: 4191: 4187: 4176: 4172: 4161: 4157: 4146: 4142: 4131: 4124: 4113: 4109: 4098: 4094: 4083: 4079: 4068: 4064: 4053: 4049: 4038: 4034: 4023: 4019: 4008: 4004: 3993: 3989: 3978: 3971: 3960: 3956: 3945: 3938: 3927: 3918: 3907: 3900: 3889: 3882: 3871: 3867: 3856: 3852: 3841: 3837: 3826: 3822: 3811: 3802: 3791: 3787: 3776: 3772: 3761: 3757: 3746: 3737: 3726: 3713: 3702: 3691: 3680: 3673: 3662: 3658: 3647: 3640: 3629: 3625: 3614: 3610: 3599: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3572: 3568: 3557: 3553: 3542: 3535: 3524: 3520: 3509: 3505: 3495: 3493: 3476: 3472: 3461: 3457: 3446: 3442: 3427: 3404: 3393: 3389: 3378: 3374: 3363: 3356: 3345: 3338: 3332: 3328: 3322: 3318: 3307: 3303: 3292: 3277: 3266: 3255: 3246: 3239: 3234: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3219: 3206: 3202: 3197: 3167: 3148:-class carriers 3112: 3091: 2962: 2931:Battle of Crete 2892:Blackburn Skuas 2884: 2809: 2739:Prince of Wales 2714: 2708: 2674: 2667: 2633: 2605:, the cruisers 2602:Queen Elizabeth 2558: 2470: 2441:and battleship 2430: 2419: 2341:Vittorio Veneto 2175: 2141: 2129: 2098: 2080:collided while 2065: 2061:. An attack by 2047: 1946: 1827: 1738: 1730:Hans Langsdorff 1725: 1701: 1631:commerce raider 1619: 1608:Nazi propaganda 1487: 1440: 1334: 1329: 1327:Service history 1311: 1215:assembled from 1139:Transferred to 1111: 1086: 1014:Transferred to 971:reconnaissance 957:Fairey Albacore 941:Blackburn Skuas 936: 894: 889: 884: 840: 826:Lady Maud Hoare 804: 784: 683: 631: 489:Blackburn Skuas 340:Installed power 191: 96: 91: 89: 48: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8626: 8616: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8559:36.050; -4.750 8533: 8532: 8530:United Kingdom 8509: 8508: 8470: 8467: 8466: 8464: 8463: 8453: 8443: 8432: 8430: 8426: 8425: 8423: 8422: 8409:Unknown date: 8406: 8396: 8386: 8374: 8356: 8339: 8323: 8306: 8296: 8286: 8276: 8259: 8249: 8239: 8223: 8213: 8203: 8193: 8182: 8180: 8174: 8173: 8168: 8167: 8160: 8153: 8145: 8136: 8135: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8128: 8127: 8126: 8121: 8111: 8110: 8109: 8101: 8100: 8099: 8094: 8085: 8083: 8076: 8070: 8069: 8067: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8050: 8048: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7969: 7967: 7963: 7962: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7955: 7947: 7939: 7931: 7923: 7914: 7912: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7904: 7896: 7888: 7880: 7872: 7864: 7856: 7849: 7841: 7833: 7825: 7816: 7814: 7807: 7800: 7799: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7641: 7639: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7631: 7629:Constantinople 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7590: 7588: 7581: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7571: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7537: 7535: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7527: 7520: 7513: 7506: 7499: 7492: 7485: 7478: 7471: 7464: 7457: 7450: 7443: 7436: 7429: 7422: 7415: 7408: 7401: 7394: 7387: 7380: 7373: 7366: 7359: 7352: 7345: 7338: 7331: 7324: 7317: 7310: 7304: 7302: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7256: 7254: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7246: 7245: 7244: 7234: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7225:Never deployed 7222: 7217: 7212: 7201: 7199: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7189: 7181: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7141: 7140: 7133: 7126: 7118: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7105: 7102: 7099: 7096: 7093: 7090: 7087: 7084: 7081: 7080:American built 7078: 7074: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7067: 7060: 7053: 7046: 7039: 7032: 7025: 7018: 7011: 7004: 6999: 6992: 6985: 6980: 6973: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6924: 6919: 6913: 6911: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6898: 6890: 6885: 6883:Steam gun boat 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6859: 6857: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6830: 6825: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6765: 6759: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6747: 6740: 6733: 6726: 6718: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6706: 6699: 6692: 6685: 6680: 6673: 6666: 6660: 6658: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6648: 6641: 6634: 6627: 6620: 6613: 6606: 6601: 6594: 6587: 6580: 6572: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6560: 6553: 6546: 6539: 6532: 6525: 6518: 6511: 6504: 6497: 6491: 6489: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6479: 6474: 6468: 6466: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6430: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6418: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6314: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6286: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6274: 6265: 6255: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6243: 6235: 6228: 6221: 6214: 6207: 6202: 6195: 6188: 6181: 6174: 6167: 6161: 6159: 6157:Light cruisers 6153: 6152: 6150: 6149: 6142: 6137: 6129: 6127: 6125:Heavy cruisers 6121: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6110: 6102: 6100: 6098:Battlecruisers 6094: 6093: 6091: 6090: 6083: 6076: 6069: 6062: 6055: 6047: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6028: 6021: 6014: 6009: 6002: 5995: 5988: 5980: 5978: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5968: 5961: 5954: 5947: 5940: 5933: 5925: 5923: 5917: 5916: 5914: 5913: 5906: 5899: 5892: 5885: 5878: 5871: 5863: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5849: 5848: 5841: 5834: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5802: 5801:External links 5799: 5798: 5797: 5772: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5739: 5726: 5712: 5699: 5693: 5678: 5657: 5643: 5630: 5624: 5611: 5604: 5598: 5585: 5558: 5552: 5539: 5533: 5520: 5514: 5498: 5492: 5479: 5465: 5452: 5446: 5433: 5427: 5414: 5408: 5392: 5378: 5365: 5351: 5338: 5332: 5314: 5300: 5285: 5279: 5266: 5245: 5230: 5216: 5203: 5189: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5150:Reproduced in 5143: 5129: 5126:. p. 377. 5111: 5096: 5081: 5060: 5031: 5016: 5013:. p. 374. 5001: 4988: 4970: 4955: 4952:. p. 348. 4940: 4937:. p. 136. 4935:Target America 4925: 4922:. p. 346. 4910: 4895: 4892:. p. 342. 4880: 4877:. p. 345. 4865: 4850: 4847:. p. 338. 4832: 4817: 4814:. p. 126. 4802: 4799:. p. 332. 4784: 4781:. p. 329. 4769: 4766:. p. 337. 4754: 4751:. p. 327. 4734: 4731:. p. 318. 4719: 4704: 4689: 4674: 4659: 4644: 4629: 4614: 4611:. p. 296. 4599: 4596:. p. 294. 4584: 4569: 4554: 4551:. p. 274. 4539: 4536:. p. 249. 4521: 4518:. p. 258. 4506: 4491: 4488:. p. 269. 4476: 4473:. p. 266. 4461: 4446: 4443:. p. 243. 4431: 4428:. p. 242. 4416: 4401: 4398:. p. 260. 4386: 4371: 4356: 4341: 4326: 4323:. p. 210. 4311: 4296: 4293:. p. 239. 4278: 4263: 4260:. p. 230. 4248: 4245:. p. 192. 4230: 4215: 4200: 4197:. p. 190. 4185: 4170: 4155: 4152:. p. 180. 4140: 4137:. p. 179. 4122: 4119:. p. 170. 4107: 4104:. p. 138. 4092: 4089:. p. 136. 4077: 4074:. p. 132. 4062: 4059:. p. 154. 4047: 4044:. p. 128. 4032: 4017: 4014:. p. 137. 4002: 3987: 3984:. p. 119. 3969: 3966:. p. 117. 3954: 3936: 3916: 3898: 3880: 3877:. p. 431. 3865: 3850: 3835: 3820: 3800: 3785: 3770: 3755: 3735: 3711: 3689: 3671: 3656: 3653:. p. 112. 3638: 3623: 3608: 3590: 3581: 3566: 3551: 3533: 3518: 3503: 3490:MeasuringWorth 3470: 3455: 3440: 3402: 3399:. p. 121. 3387: 3372: 3354: 3336: 3326: 3316: 3301: 3275: 3253: 3237: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3217: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3166: 3163: 3111: 3108: 2961: 2958: 2883: 2880: 2843:, was between 2707: 2701: 2557: 2554: 2494:Canary Islands 2469: 2461:Searching for 2459: 2447:Operation Grog 2097: 2094: 1952:Cedric Holland 1920:Blackburn Skua 1909:Heinkel He 111 1826: 1823: 1737: 1734: 1717:was placed at 1680:Empire Ability 1654:German tanker 1618: 1612: 1486: 1483: 1401:nautical miles 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1306: 1300: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1288: 1282: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1270: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1252: 1246: 1245: 1236: 1233: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1210: 1207: 1202: 1198: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1180: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1150: 1144: 1143: 1137: 1136:April–May 1940 1134: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1115:Operated from 1113: 1112:June–July 1940 1108: 1103: 1097: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1081: 1075: 1074: 1068: 1065: 1060: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1042: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1027: 1021: 1020: 1012: 1009: 1004: 998: 997: 994: 991: 988: 949:Fairey Fulmars 888: 885: 820: 783: 780: 630: 627: 623:nautical miles 569:superstructure 526:pennant number 514: 513: 507: 503: 502: 501: 500: 497: 495:Fairey Fulmars 491: 481: 480:50–60 (actual) 478: 473: 469: 468: 467: 466: 460: 452: 448: 447: 446: 445: 438:8 × quadruple 436: 429:4 × quadruple 427: 416: 412: 411: 405: 401: 400: 393: 389: 388: 387: 386: 383: 374: 370: 369: 367:steam turbines 363: 359: 358: 357: 356: 349: 341: 337: 336: 333: 329: 328: 325: 321: 320: 319: 318: 312: 304: 300: 299: 298: 297: 290: 281: 277: 276: 271: 267: 266: 262: 261: 252: 248: 247: 246: 245: 237: 231: 225: 219: 213: 207: 201: 198:Spanish Armada 193: 187: 186: 180: 176: 175: 172:Pennant number 169: 168:Identification 165: 164: 161: 157: 156: 153: 149: 148: 145: 141: 140: 135: 131: 130: 127: 123: 122: 114: 110: 109: 104: 100: 99: 97:United Kingdom 86: 85: 81: 80: 72: 68: 67: 59: 55: 54: 53:Class overview 50: 49: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8625: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8566: 8563: 8531: 8521: 8520: 8517: 8506: 8505:December 1941 8502: 8497: 8493: 8489: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8473: 8468: 8461: 8460: 8459:Empire Dorado 8454: 8451: 8450: 8444: 8441: 8440: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8427: 8420: 8419: 8414: 8413: 8407: 8404: 8403: 8397: 8394: 8393: 8387: 8383: 8382: 8375: 8372: 8371: 8365: 8364: 8357: 8354: 8353: 8348: 8347: 8340: 8337: 8336: 8335:Empire Dorado 8331: 8330: 8324: 8321: 8320: 8314: 8313: 8307: 8304: 8303: 8297: 8294: 8293: 8287: 8284: 8283: 8277: 8274: 8273: 8268: 8267: 8260: 8257: 8256: 8250: 8247: 8246: 8240: 8237: 8236: 8231: 8230: 8224: 8221: 8220: 8219:Empire Energy 8214: 8211: 8210: 8204: 8201: 8200: 8194: 8191: 8190: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8175: 8166: 8161: 8159: 8154: 8152: 8147: 8146: 8143: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8116: 8115: 8112: 8108: 8105: 8104: 8102: 8098: 8097:Saint-Nazaire 8095: 8093: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8071: 8065: 8064:Rocket U-boat 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8051: 8049: 8045: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7973:Anechoic tile 7971: 7970: 7968: 7964: 7954: 7953: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7940: 7938: 7937: 7932: 7930: 7929: 7924: 7922: 7921: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7909: 7903: 7902: 7897: 7895: 7894: 7889: 7887: 7886: 7881: 7879: 7878: 7873: 7871: 7870: 7865: 7863: 7862: 7857: 7855: 7854: 7850: 7848: 7847: 7842: 7840: 7839: 7834: 7832: 7831: 7826: 7824: 7823: 7818: 7817: 7815: 7811: 7808: 7805: 7804:Capital ships 7801: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7636: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7576: 7570: 7568: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7538: 7536: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7521: 7519: 7518: 7514: 7512: 7511: 7507: 7505: 7504: 7500: 7498: 7497: 7493: 7491: 7490: 7486: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7477: 7476: 7472: 7470: 7469: 7465: 7463: 7462: 7458: 7456: 7455: 7451: 7449: 7448: 7444: 7442: 7441: 7437: 7435: 7434: 7430: 7428: 7427: 7423: 7421: 7420: 7416: 7414: 7413: 7409: 7407: 7406: 7402: 7400: 7399: 7395: 7393: 7392: 7388: 7386: 7385: 7381: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7372: 7371: 7367: 7365: 7364: 7360: 7358: 7357: 7353: 7351: 7350: 7346: 7344: 7343: 7339: 7337: 7336: 7332: 7330: 7329: 7325: 7323: 7322: 7318: 7316: 7315: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7297: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7251: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7238: 7235: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7207: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7194: 7188: 7187: 7182: 7180: 7179: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7153: 7150: 7146: 7139: 7134: 7132: 7127: 7125: 7120: 7119: 7116: 7103: 7100: 7097: 7094: 7091: 7088: 7085: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7075: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7061: 7059: 7058: 7054: 7052: 7051: 7047: 7045: 7044: 7040: 7038: 7037: 7033: 7031: 7030: 7026: 7024: 7023: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7012: 7010: 7009: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6997: 6993: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6978: 6974: 6972: 6971: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6954:Shakespearian 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6929: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6908: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6878:Motor gunboat 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6835: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6823: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6806: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6789: 6785: 6783: 6782: 6778: 6776: 6775: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6752: 6746: 6745: 6741: 6739: 6738: 6734: 6732: 6731: 6727: 6725: 6724: 6720: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6711: 6705: 6704: 6700: 6698: 6697: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6678: 6674: 6672: 6671: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6653: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6640: 6639: 6635: 6633: 6632: 6628: 6626: 6625: 6621: 6619: 6618: 6614: 6612: 6611: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6595: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6565: 6559: 6558: 6554: 6552: 6551: 6547: 6545: 6544: 6540: 6538: 6537: 6533: 6531: 6530: 6526: 6524: 6523: 6519: 6517: 6516: 6512: 6510: 6509: 6505: 6503: 6502: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6488: 6484: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6461: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6315: 6313: 6312: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6279: 6273: 6271: 6266: 6264: 6262: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6248: 6241: 6240: 6236: 6234: 6233: 6229: 6227: 6226: 6222: 6220: 6219: 6215: 6213: 6212: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6200: 6196: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6175: 6173: 6172: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6154: 6148: 6147: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6135: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6122: 6116: 6115: 6111: 6109: 6108: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6084: 6082: 6081: 6077: 6075: 6074: 6073:King George V 6070: 6068: 6067: 6063: 6061: 6060: 6056: 6054: 6053: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6040: 6034: 6033: 6029: 6027: 6026: 6022: 6020: 6019: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6007: 6003: 6001: 6000: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5989: 5987: 5986: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5962: 5960: 5959: 5955: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5941: 5939: 5938: 5934: 5932: 5931: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5898: 5897: 5893: 5891: 5890: 5886: 5884: 5883: 5879: 5877: 5876: 5872: 5870: 5869: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5856: 5847: 5842: 5840: 5835: 5833: 5828: 5827: 5824: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5804: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5773: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5752: 5742: 5736: 5732: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5713:0-283-98287-X 5709: 5705: 5700: 5696: 5694:0-87021-556-6 5690: 5686: 5685: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5668:(3): 257–62. 5667: 5663: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5640: 5636: 5631: 5627: 5621: 5617: 5612: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5595: 5591: 5586: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5549: 5545: 5540: 5536: 5534:1-85044-275-4 5530: 5526: 5521: 5517: 5515:1-85367-277-7 5511: 5507: 5503: 5502:Lenton, H. T. 5499: 5495: 5493:1-904381-27-8 5489: 5485: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5466:0-271-01034-7 5462: 5458: 5453: 5449: 5447:0-87021-100-5 5443: 5439: 5434: 5430: 5424: 5420: 5415: 5411: 5409:0-87021-054-8 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5379:0-304-35203-9 5375: 5371: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5352:1-59228-934-7 5348: 5344: 5339: 5335: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5301:0-87021-902-2 5297: 5293: 5292: 5286: 5282: 5276: 5272: 5267: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5246:0-7603-2005-5 5242: 5238: 5237: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5217:0-552-08236-8 5213: 5209: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5190:0-7100-0193-2 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5173: 5155: 5147: 5139: 5133: 5125: 5118: 5116: 5107: 5100: 5092: 5085: 5077: 5073: 5067: 5065: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5028:. p. 30. 5027: 5020: 5012: 5005: 4998: 4992: 4984: 4977: 4975: 4966: 4959: 4951: 4944: 4936: 4929: 4921: 4914: 4906: 4899: 4891: 4884: 4876: 4869: 4861: 4854: 4846: 4839: 4837: 4829:. p. 38. 4828: 4821: 4813: 4806: 4798: 4791: 4789: 4780: 4773: 4765: 4758: 4750: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4730: 4723: 4715: 4708: 4701:. p. 74. 4700: 4693: 4685: 4678: 4670: 4663: 4655: 4648: 4641:. p. 90. 4640: 4633: 4625: 4618: 4610: 4603: 4595: 4588: 4580: 4573: 4565: 4558: 4550: 4543: 4535: 4528: 4526: 4517: 4510: 4502: 4495: 4487: 4480: 4472: 4465: 4457: 4450: 4442: 4435: 4427: 4420: 4412: 4405: 4397: 4390: 4382: 4375: 4367: 4360: 4352: 4345: 4337: 4330: 4322: 4315: 4307: 4300: 4292: 4285: 4283: 4274: 4267: 4259: 4252: 4244: 4237: 4235: 4226: 4219: 4211: 4204: 4196: 4189: 4181: 4174: 4166: 4159: 4151: 4144: 4136: 4129: 4127: 4118: 4111: 4103: 4096: 4088: 4081: 4073: 4066: 4058: 4051: 4043: 4036: 4028: 4021: 4013: 4006: 3998: 3991: 3983: 3976: 3974: 3965: 3958: 3951:. p. 97. 3950: 3943: 3941: 3933:. p. 99. 3932: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3912: 3905: 3903: 3895:. p. 42. 3894: 3887: 3885: 3876: 3869: 3862:. p. 53. 3861: 3854: 3846: 3839: 3831: 3824: 3816: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3796: 3789: 3782:. p. 82. 3781: 3774: 3767:. p. 81. 3766: 3759: 3752:. p. 87. 3751: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3731: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3707: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3686:. p. 18. 3685: 3678: 3676: 3668:. p. 15. 3667: 3660: 3652: 3645: 3643: 3634: 3627: 3620:. p. 47. 3619: 3612: 3605:. p. 66. 3604: 3597: 3595: 3585: 3577: 3570: 3563:. p. 41. 3562: 3555: 3548:. p. 21. 3547: 3540: 3538: 3530:. p. 46. 3529: 3522: 3514: 3507: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3467:. p. 45. 3466: 3459: 3452:. p. 47. 3451: 3444: 3436: 3432: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3398: 3391: 3383: 3376: 3368: 3361: 3359: 3351:. p. 16. 3350: 3343: 3341: 3330: 3320: 3312: 3305: 3298:. p. 45. 3297: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3271: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3250: 3244: 3242: 3232: 3228: 3214: 3210: 3204: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3185: 3180: 3177: 3173: 3162: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3142: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3110:Investigation 3107: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3090: 3081: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3065: 3064: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3046: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3015: 3011: 3010: 3005: 3001: 2999: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2985: 2979: 2977: 2976: 2971: 2967: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2897: 2893: 2888: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2829:Saint-Nazaire 2826: 2819: 2815: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2784: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2766: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2721: 2720: 2713: 2706: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2673: 2666: 2662: 2655:to the right. 2654: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2639: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2622: 2621: 2616: 2615: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2580: 2576: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2468: 2464: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2429: 2425: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2409: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2366: 2361: 2357: 2356: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2342: 2337: 2336: 2335:Giulio Cesare 2331: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2317: 2313: 2312: 2307: 2300: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2272: 2267: 2266: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2192: 2183: 2182: 2174: 2169: 2165: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2148: 2140: 2136: 2128: 2124: 2123:Mers-el-Kébir 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2107: 2102: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2072: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2053: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2007: 2002: 2001: 1996: 1995: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1905:Junkers Ju 88 1902: 1898: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1876: 1871: 1870: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1858: 1853: 1852: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1806: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1778: 1772: 1768: 1765:proceeded to 1764: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1750:heavy cruiser 1747: 1743: 1733: 1731: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1689:had put into 1688: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1651: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1617: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1564:Junkers Ju 88 1561: 1556: 1554: 1553:Fairey Battle 1550: 1546: 1543: 1542:Dornier Do 18 1540: 1539: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1513: 1508: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1415: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1397: 1391: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1353: 1347: 1338: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 999: 995: 992: 989: 986: 985: 982: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 953:Blackburn Roc 950: 946: 942: 935: 931: 926: 923: 919: 918:field of fire 915: 911: 907: 904: 900: 893: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 816: 812: 808: 803: 799: 794: 790: 779: 777: 773: 769: 763: 761: 759: 758:King George V 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 723:(23,000 722: 718: 717:second treaty 714: 709: 705: 700: 698: 694: 682: 678: 674: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 651:arrestor gear 648: 644: 640: 639:Fleet Air Arm 636: 633:In 1923, the 626: 624: 620: 615: 613: 608: 607: 601: 597: 596:Malta Convoys 593: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 553:Cammell Laird 551:was built by 550: 546: 541: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 522: 512: 508: 505: 504: 498: 496: 492: 490: 486: 482: 479: 477:72 (designed) 476: 475: 474: 471: 470: 464: 461: 458: 455: 454: 453: 450: 449: 444: 441: 437: 435: 432: 428: 426: 423: 419: 418: 417: 414: 413: 410: 406: 403: 402: 398: 394: 391: 390: 384: 381: 377: 376: 375: 372: 371: 368: 364: 361: 360: 354: 351:102,000 350: 348: 344: 343: 342: 339: 338: 334: 331: 330: 326: 323: 322: 317: 313: 311: 307: 306: 305: 302: 301: 295: 291: 288: 284: 283: 282: 279: 278: 275: 272: 269: 268: 263: 259: 258: 253: 250: 249: 243: 242: 238: 235: 234:Malta Convoys 232: 229: 228:Mediterranean 226: 223: 220: 217: 214: 211: 208: 205: 202: 199: 196: 195: 194: 189: 188: 184: 181: 178: 177: 173: 170: 167: 166: 162: 159: 158: 155:13 April 1937 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After the 2105: 2100: 2099: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2070: 2062: 2058: 2056: 2044: 2039: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1993: 1987: 1982: 1978: 1972: 1967: 1963: 1955: 1943: 1939: 1938:began, with 1929: 1923: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1874: 1868: 1862: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1833: 1829: 1828: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1803: 1796: 1790: 1781: 1776: 1762: 1753: 1745: 1741: 1739: 1722: 1719:Buenos Aires 1714: 1709: 1705: 1698: 1686: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1652:spotted the 1649: 1644: 1634: 1622: 1620: 1615: 1614:Hunting the 1595: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1573:bomber wing 1570: 1559: 1557: 1548: 1536: 1531: 1525: 1520: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1494: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1458: 1457: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1427:depth charge 1418: 1413: 1408: 1404: 1395: 1389: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1371: 1362: 1357: 1351: 1343: 1317:October 1941 1243:800 Squadron 1221:815 Squadron 1217:821 Squadron 1140: 1117: 1071: 1016: 980: 963:was host to 960: 933: 929: 927: 891: 890: 876: 868: 837: 821: 814: 801: 797: 785: 782:Construction 775: 771: 764: 757: 748: 728: 701: 689: 680: 662: 658: 632: 616: 605: 599: 590: 578: 577: 572: 560: 548: 542: 520: 518: 517: 280:Displacement 256: 240: 182: 160:Commissioned 120: (1587) 117: 106: 75: 62: 43: 38: 25: 8557: / 8370:Bremerhaven 8199:Flynderborg 7998:Leigh light 7983:Elektroboot 7813:World War I 7587:World War I 7541:Convoy SC 7 7475:Steinbrinck 7290:Karl Dönitz 7104:Conversions 7015:Bonaventure 6959:Round Table 6645:Teviot Bank 6631:Port Quebec 6624:Port Napier 6501:Bridgewater 6261:Shakespeare 6043:Battleships 5889:Illustrious 4639:Sea Battles 3165:Rediscovery 3139:Illustrious 3120:Loben Maund 2998:switchboard 2954:Großadmiral 2742:during the 2725:Prinz Eugen 2685:Empire Song 2638:Loben Maund 2538:Scharnhorst 2517:Scharnhorst 2502:prize crews 2474:Scharnhorst 2463:Scharnhorst 2408:Illustrious 2236:Free French 2086:Scharnhorst 2059:Scharnhorst 2034:Scharnhorst 1922:landing on 1728:s captain, 1072:Scharnhorst 845:fitting out 739:instead of 671:belt armour 565:flight deck 528:91) was an 395:7,600 222:Spartivento 210:Dardanelles 190:Honours and 76:Illustrious 58:Preceded by 8578:1937 ships 8572:Categories 8381:Parramatta 8379:HMAS 8317:HMAS 8235:Nottingham 8189:Voroshilov 8178:Shipwrecks 7966:Technology 7936:Courageous 7846:Formidable 7830:Cornwallis 7461:Schlieffen 7412:Pfadfinder 7391:Kreuzotter 7328:Delphin II 7253:Commanders 7184:Operation 7178:Regenbogen 7176:Operation 6939:Portuguese 6755:Submarines 6617:Menestheus 6568:Minelayers 6557:Black Swan 6536:Kingfisher 6282:Destroyers 5896:Implacable 5868:Courageous 5165:References 5122:Rossiter. 5104:Rossiter. 5089:Rossiter. 5024:Rossiter. 5009:Rossiter. 4981:Rossiter. 4963:Rossiter. 4873:Rossiter. 4825:Paterson. 4810:Friedman. 4795:Rossiter. 4777:Rossiter. 4747:Rossiter. 4712:Rossiter. 4699:Chronology 4532:Rossiter. 4514:Rossiter. 4439:Rossiter. 4424:Rossiter. 4364:Rossiter. 4349:Rossiter. 4334:Rossiter. 4319:Rossiter. 4241:Rossiter. 4193:Rossiter. 4148:Rossiter. 4133:Rossiter. 4100:Rossiter. 4085:Rossiter. 4070:Rossiter. 4040:Rossiter. 3995:Rossiter. 3980:Rossiter. 3962:Rossiter. 3929:Rossiter. 3909:Rossiter. 3873:Mitchell. 3843:Rossiter. 3813:Rossiter. 3778:Rossiter. 3763:Rossiter. 3728:Rossiter. 3704:Rossiter. 3649:Rossiter. 3631:Rossiter. 3616:Rossiter. 3601:Westwood. 3574:Rossiter. 3559:Rossiter. 3526:Rossiter. 3511:Rossiter. 3463:Rossiter. 3448:Rossiter. 3395:Friedman. 3365:Rossiter. 3309:Rossiter. 3268:Rossiter. 3247:Friedman, 3146:Implacable 3031:Courageous 2710:See also: 2626:Gloucester 2589:Suez Canal 2147:Strasbourg 1988:Highlander 1786:Alexandria 1771:Scapa Flow 1767:Portsmouth 1691:Montevideo 1479:Courageous 1453:Fanad Head 1445:Fanad Head 1396:Fanad Head 1372:Courageous 1017:Victorious 973:amphibians 912:using the 873:sea trials 871:underwent 828:, wife of 704:Washington 594:, and the 557:Birkenhead 534:Royal Navy 404:Complement 362:Propulsion 63:Courageous 8439:Leningrad 8389:28 Nov: 8361:HMS 8344:HMS 8266:Ark Royal 8264:HMS 8013:Mousetrap 7952:Royal Oak 7950:HMS 7942:HMS 7934:HMS 7926:HMS 7920:Ark Royal 7918:HMS 7899:HMS 7883:HMS 7867:HMS 7844:HMS 7828:HMS 7822:Britannia 7820:HMS 7561:Black May 7489:Streitaxt 7482:Siegfried 7349:Eisteufel 7300:Wolfpacks 7186:Deadlight 7086:Cancelled 7029:Maidstone 6996:Albatross 6894:Dragonfly 6730:Protector 6714:Netlayers 6610:Agamemnon 6577:Adventure 6464:Corvettes 6389:W & Z 6384:U & V 6379:S & T 6374:Q & R 6369:O & P 6364:L & M 6339:G & H 6334:E & F 6329:C & D 6324:A & B 6311:Ambuscade 6300:V & W 5903:Audacious 5882:Ark Royal 5674:0043-0374 5608:Ark Royal 5152:Goldman. 5124:Ark Royal 5106:Ark Royal 5091:Ark Royal 5053:10 August 5026:Ark Royal 5011:Ark Royal 4983:Ark Royal 4965:Ark Royal 4950:Ark Royal 4948:Jameson. 4920:Ark Royal 4918:Jameson. 4905:Ark Royal 4903:Jameson. 4890:Ark Royal 4888:Jameson. 4875:Ark Royal 4860:Ark Royal 4858:Jameson. 4845:Ark Royal 4843:Jameson. 4797:Ark Royal 4779:Ark Royal 4764:Ark Royal 4762:Jameson. 4749:Ark Royal 4729:Ark Royal 4727:Jameson. 4714:Ark Royal 4654:Ark Royal 4652:Jameson. 4637:Stephen. 4624:Ark Royal 4622:Jameson. 4609:Ark Royal 4607:Jameson. 4594:Ark Royal 4592:Jameson. 4579:Ark Royal 4577:Jameson. 4564:Ark Royal 4562:Jameson. 4549:Ark Royal 4547:Jameson. 4534:Ark Royal 4516:Ark Royal 4501:Ark Royal 4499:Jameson. 4486:Ark Royal 4484:Jameson. 4471:Ark Royal 4469:Jameson. 4456:Ark Royal 4454:Jameson. 4441:Ark Royal 4426:Ark Royal 4411:Ark Royal 4409:Jameson. 4396:Ark Royal 4394:Jameson. 4381:Ark Royal 4379:Jameson. 4366:Ark Royal 4351:Ark Royal 4336:Ark Royal 4321:Ark Royal 4291:Ark Royal 4289:Jameson. 4273:Ark Royal 4271:Jameson. 4258:Ark Royal 4256:Jameson. 4243:Ark Royal 4225:Ark Royal 4223:Jameson. 4210:Ark Royal 4208:Jameson. 4195:Ark Royal 4180:Ark Royal 4178:Jameson. 4165:Ark Royal 4163:Jameson. 4150:Ark Royal 4135:Ark Royal 4117:Ark Royal 4115:Jameson. 4102:Ark Royal 4087:Ark Royal 4072:Ark Royal 4057:Ark Royal 4055:Jameson. 4042:Ark Royal 4027:Ark Royal 4025:Jameson. 4012:Ark Royal 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2665:Ark Royal 2661:Luftwaffe 2649:Ark Royal 2631:Ark Royal 2608:Sheffield 2593:Ark Royal 2575:Ark Royal 2565:Ark Royal 2550:Ark Royal 2542:Gneisenau 2534:Ark Royal 2529:Ark Royal 2525:Ark Royal 2521:Gneisenau 2513:Ark Royal 2498:Ark Royal 2490:Ark Royal 2478:Gneisenau 2467:Gneisenau 2455:La Spezia 2451:Ark Royal 2428:Ark Royal 2417:Ark Royal 2403:Luftwaffe 2385:Ark Royal 2377:Ark Royal 2370:Ark Royal 2346:Ark Royal 2306:Ark Royal 2298:Sheffield 2289:Ark Royal 2277:Greyhound 2260:Liverpool 2256:Ark Royal 2248:Ark Royal 2240:Ark Royal 2228:Ark Royal 2205:Ark Royal 2201:Ark Royal 2173:Ark Royal 2161:Dunkerque 2156:Ark Royal 2152:Ark Royal 2139:Ark Royal 2127:Ark Royal 2101:Ark Royal 2090:Ark Royal 2082:Ark Royal 2063:Ark Royal 2052:Trondheim 2045:Ark Royal 2040:Gneisenau 2017:Ark Royal 1979:Ark Royal 1956:Ark Royal 1944:Ark Royal 1940:Ark Royal 1936:Åndalsnes 1924:Ark Royal 1901:Ark Royal 1891:Ark Royal 1886:Ark Royal 1830:Ark Royal 1815:Ark Royal 1782:Ark Royal 1763:Ark Royal 1746:Ark Royal 1742:Graf Spee 1723:Graf Spee 1715:Ark Royal 1706:Ark Royal 1699:Graf Spee 1687:Graf Spee 1669:Ark Royal 1661:Graf Spee 1650:Ark Royal 1623:Ark Royal 1616:Graf Spee 1596:Ark Royal 1588:Ark Royal 1584:Ark Royal 1579:Ark Royal 1571:Luftwaffe 1560:Ark Royal 1549:Ark Royal 1545:seaplanes 1538:Luftwaffe 1521:Spearfish 1512:Spearfish 1507:Ark Royal 1495:Ark Royal 1475:Ark Royal 1459:Ark Royal 1438:Ark Royal 1419:Ark Royal 1409:Ark Royal 1390:Ark Royal 1383:Ark Royal 1363:Ark Royal 1235:June 1941 1175:June 1940 987:Squadron 981:Ark Royal 961:Ark Royal 934:Ark Royal 930:Ark Royal 910:Directors 892:Ark Royal 877:Ark Royal 869:Ark Royal 838:Ark Royal 822:Ark Royal 815:Ark Royal 802:Ark Royal 798:Ark Royal 776:Ark Royal 772:Ark Royal 749:Ark Royal 741:rivetting 733:magazines 729:Ark Royal 721:long tons 715:sought a 693:Gibraltar 681:Ark Royal 663:Ark Royal 659:Ark Royal 635:Admiralty 612:Gibraltar 600:Ark Royal 579:Ark Royal 573:Ark Royal 561:Ark Royal 549:Ark Royal 521:Ark Royal 511:catapults 420:8 × twin 316:waterline 294:deep load 144:Laid down 118:Ark Royal 107:Ark Royal 44:Swordfish 39:Ark Royal 8456:20 Nov: 8446:15 Nov: 8436:12 Nov: 8399:29 Nov: 8377:27 Nov: 8359:25 Nov: 8352:Hercules 8342:24 Nov: 8329:Atlantis 8326:22 Nov: 8312:Kormoran 8309:19 Nov: 8299:16 Nov: 8289:15 Nov: 8279:14 Nov: 8262:13 Nov: 8252:11 Nov: 8209:Smetlivy 8107:Valentin 8103:Germany 8047:Concepts 7993:Hedgehog 7869:Majestic 7861:Peresvet 7614:Flanders 7567:Bismarck 7510:Weddigen 7503:Vorwärts 7447:Rossbach 7433:Raubgraf 7370:Hartmann 6964:Monitors 6917:Trawlers 6781:Parthian 6723:Guardian 6696:Algerine 6522:Shoreham 6508:Hastings 6426:Frigates 6239:Minotaur 6225:Minotaur 6199:Arethusa 6087:Vanguard 6018:Activity 6006:Attacker 5992:Audacity 5958:Majestic 5951:Colossus 5760:BBC News 5749:Websites 5653:81453068 5574:24045525 5504:(1998). 5475:28723444 5398:(1988). 5388:41465151 5361:70264388 5310:11018793 5255:56646560 5226:30270475 5179:(1979). 5076:BBC News 4697:Rohwer. 4667:Garzke. 4306:Struggle 4304:O'Hara. 3793:Bekker. 3380:Garzke. 3184:currents 3035:Glorious 2956:Raeder. 2907:Bismarck 2868:Bismarck 2864:Bismarck 2849:Bismarck 2841:Bismarck 2825:Bismarck 2818:Bismarck 2796:Bismarck 2794:located 2783:Foxhound 2774:Forester 2765:Faulknor 2748:Bismarck 2719:Bismarck 2705:Bismarck 2544:reached 2506:Polykarp 2424:Sardinia 2360:Lanciere 2355:Lanciere 2271:Forester 2209:Cagliari 2113:, under 2071:Antelope 2021:Glorious 1983:Glorious 1964:Glorious 1869:Fearless 1857:Hereward 1851:Hyperion 1834:Glorious 1819:Glorious 1791:Glorious 1757:back to 1675:Uhenfels 1673:SS 1627:Freetown 1604:Goebbels 1517:Kattegat 1463:Loch Ewe 1394:SS 1350:SS 735:, while 591:Bismarck 415:Armament 287:standard 254:Sunk by 241:Bismarck 152:Launched 113:Namesake 47:biplanes 8412:Proteus 8402:Fiddown 8346:Dunedin 8242:9 Nov: 8229:Armenia 8226:7 Nov: 8216:5 Nov: 8206:4 Nov: 8196:3 Nov: 8186:2 Nov: 8124:Dora II 8092:Lorient 8088:France 8038:Snorkel 7901:Triumph 7893:Suffren 7885:Russell 7853:Gaulois 7645:Regions 7619:Kurland 7496:Tümmler 7468:Seewolf 7398:Leuthen 7384:Kiebitz 7356:Endrass 7335:Dränger 7314:Blücher 7242:Classes 7145:U-boats 7036:Titania 7008:Adamant 6989:Pegasus 6977:Roberts 6855:Coastal 6834:Amphion 6805:Grampus 6788:Rainbow 6670:Halcyon 6543:Bittern 6529:Grimsby 6439:Captain 6232:Neptune 6192:Leander 6185:Emerald 6178:Hawkins 6134:Hawkins 6059:Revenge 6032:Nairana 5999:Avenger 5965:Centaur 5944:Unicorn 5722:2090062 5260:22 July 5199:5373844 4933:Duffy. 4827:U-Boats 3429:Mason. 3063:Laforey 2805:One of 2778:Fortune 2697:Furious 2413:neutral 2365:Bolzano 2321:Glasgow 2316:Berwick 2265:Fortune 2111:Force H 2077:Electra 2012:Acheron 1968:Furious 1896:Valiant 1845:Berwick 1810:Suffolk 1777:Hatston 1656:Altmark 1640:Force K 1569:of the 1567:bombers 1352:Athenia 1141:Furious 1118:Furious 832:, then 737:welding 532:of the 487:, 24 × 434:AA guns 425:DP guns 409:ratings 332:Draught 310:overall 230:1940–41 134:Builder 126:Ordered 84:History 8545:4°45′W 8542:36°3′N 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