294:. The tissue when dried is dull, firm, and immobile, with varying amounts of stippling. The width of the attached gum varies according to its location. The width of the attached gum on the facial aspect differs in different areas of the mouth. It is generally greatest in the incisor region (3.5 to 4.5 mm in the maxilla and 3.3 to 3.9 mm in the mandible) and less in the posterior segments, with the least width in the first premolar area (1.9 mm in the maxilla and 1.8 mm in the mandible). However, certain levels of attached gum may be necessary for the stability of the underlying root of the tooth.
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268:(CEJ) of the teeth. The marginal gingiva has a more translucent appearance than the attached gingiva, yet has a similar clinical appearance, including pinkness, dullness, and firmness. In contrast, the marginal gingiva lacks the presence of stippling, and the tissue is mobile or free from the underlying tooth surface, as can be demonstrated with a periodontal probe. The marginal gingiva is stabilized by the
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covering the col consists of the marginal gum of the adjacent teeth, except that it is nonkeratinized. It is mainly present in the broad interdental gingiva of the posterior teeth, and generally is not present with those interproximal tissue associated with anterior teeth because the latter tissue is
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lining of the mouth. They surround the teeth and provide a seal around them. Unlike the soft tissue linings of the lips and cheeks, most of the gums are tightly bound to the underlying bone which helps resist the friction of food passing over them. Thus when healthy, it presents an effective barrier
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The marginal gum is the edge of the gums surrounding the teeth in collar-like fashion. In about half of individuals, it is demarcated from the adjacent, attached gums by a shallow linear depression, the free gingival groove. This slight depression on the outer surface of the gum does not correspond
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narrower. In the absence of contact between adjacent teeth, the attached gum extends uninterrupted from the facial to the lingual aspect. The col may be important in the formation of periodontal disease but is visible clinically only when teeth are extracted.
201:, leading to a poorer prognosis for long-term retention of the teeth. Both the type of periodontal therapy and homecare instructions given to patients by dental professionals and restorative care are based on the clinical conditions of the tissue.
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to the depth of the gingival sulcus but instead to the apical border of the junctional epithelium. This outer groove varies in depth according to the area of the oral cavity. The groove is very prominent on mandibular anteriors and premolars.
197:. Overall, the clinical appearance of the tissue reflects the underlying histology, both in health and disease. When gum tissue is not healthy, it can provide a gateway for periodontal disease to advance into the deeper tissue of the
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The attached gums are continuous with the marginal gum. It is firm, resilient, and tightly bound to the underlying periosteum of alveolar bone. The facial aspect of the attached gum extends to the relatively loose and movable
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that have no bony support. The gingival margin, or free gingival crest, at the most superficial part of the marginal gingiva, is also easily seen clinically, and its location should be recorded on a patient's chart.
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away from the tooth by mechanical (such as brushing), chemical, or surgical means. Gingival retraction, in turn, may expose the dental neck and leave it vulnerable to the action of external stimuli, and may cause
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Healthy gums have a smooth curved or scalloped appearance around each tooth. Healthy gums fill and fit each space between the teeth, unlike the swollen gum papilla seen in gingivitis or the empty interdental
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Since the colour of the gums can vary, uniformity of colour is more important than the underlying color itself. Excess deposits of melanin can cause dark spots or patches on the gums (melanin gingival
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The marginal gum varies in width from 0.5 to 2.0 mm from the free gingival crest to the attached gingiva. The marginal gingiva follows the scalloped pattern established by the contour of the
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to the barrage of periodontal insults to deeper tissue. Healthy gums are usually coral pink in light skinned people, and may be naturally darker with melanin pigmentation.
377:"). Although described as the colour coral pink, variation in colour is possible. This can be the result of factors such as: thickness and degree of keratinization of the
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453:, fueled by food residues and saliva, can support the growth of many microorganisms, of which some can be injurious to health. Improper or insufficient
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is when there is an apical movement of the gum margin away from the biting (occlusal) surface. It may indicate an underlying inflammation such as
421:. Unhealthy gums, on the other hand, are often swollen and less firm. Healthy gums have an orange-peel like texture to it due to the stippling.
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Healthy gums usually have a color that has been described as "coral pink". Other colours like red, white, and blue can signify inflammation (
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seen in periodontal disease. Healthy gums hold tight to each tooth in that the gum surface narrows to "knife-edge" thin at the
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Illustrated Dental
Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 123
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Healthy gums have a firm texture that is resistant to movement, and the surface texture often exhibits
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Hyperpigmentation of the gum in a 22 year old non smoker female patient
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The interdental gum lies between the teeth. They occupy the gingival
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can thus lead to many gum and periodontal disorders, including
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Mosby's
Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009, Elsevier.
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Mondofacto medical dictionary > gingival retraction
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314:" shape. Attached gums are resistant to the forces of
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Gum disease opens up the body to a host of infections
220:(A). Dentin (B). The root of the tooth is covered by
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Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease
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Dentistry involving supporting structures of teeth (
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354:Natural "coral pink" gums without any pigmentation
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635:mexicodentaldirectory.com: dental sensitivity
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596:Gingival Recession - Causes and treatment
469:requiring a gingivectomy for many cases.
433:. Unhealthy gums, conversely, will show
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856:Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions
616:. Oct 2007. American Dental Association
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334:Characteristics of healthy gums
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19:For other uses of "Gum", see
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240:. G, gingival sulcus. H,
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1876:Universal Numbering System
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1006:Linear gingival erythema
961:Clinical attachment loss
875:A. actinomycetemcomitans
644:Retrieved on August 2010
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1670:Tubarial salivary gland
1283:Important personalities
1144:Full mouth disinfection
1107:Host modulatory therapy
1072:Chlorhexidine gluconate
1052:Periodontal examination
485:or displacement of the
425:Reaction to disturbance
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2172:Cementoenamel junction
2134:Zuckerkandl's tubercle
1757:Glossoepiglottic folds
1001:Horizontal bony defect
481:, a pocket formation,
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266:cementoenamel junction
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125:Anatomical terminology
1871:Glossary of dentistry
1805:Palatopharyngeal arch
1579:Mucogingival junction
1574:Junctional epithelium
1470:Frenulum of lower lip
1225:Open flap debridement
1220:Lateral pedicle graft
821:Chronic periodontitis
781:Mucogingival junction
776:Junctional epithelium
525:Head and neck anatomy
445:Clinical significance
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288:mucogingival junction
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1614:Periodontal ligament
1355:Paul Roscoe Stillman
1330:Willoughby D. Miller
1300:Per-Ingvar Brånemark
1127:Conventional therapy
1036:Vertical bony defect
981:Gingival enlargement
931:Entamoeba gingivalis
786:Periodontal ligament
756:Free gingival margin
685:at Wikimedia Commons
467:gingival enlargement
449:The gingival cavity
407:free gingival margin
246:periodontal ligament
238:free gingival margin
21:Gum (disambiguation)
2253:Human mouth anatomy
1752:Sublingual caruncle
1646:Submandibular gland
1584:Sulcular epithelium
1554:Interdental papilla
1370:James Leon Williams
1235:Socket preservation
1185:Free gingival graft
1067:Bleeding on probing
1021:Periodontal disease
791:Sulcular epithelium
607:http://jada.ada.org
435:bleeding on probing
431:periodontal probing
308:interdental papilla
1800:Palatoglossal arch
1016:Periodontal pocket
991:Gingival recession
882:Capnocytophaga sp.
659:2018-12-09 at the
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1180:Crown lengthening
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451:microecosystem
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216:is covered by
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83:
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15:
9:
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1773:Back of mouth
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1727:Foramen cecum
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1717:Median sulcus
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1690:tooth anatomy
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1634:Parotid gland
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1391:Endodontology
1389:
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1376:
1375:W. J. Younger
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1026:Periodontitis
1024:
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903:P. intermedia
900:
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896:P. gingivalis
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841:Periodontosis
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741:Alveolar bone
739:
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541:
531:
530:Periodontitis
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
513:
502:
495:
493:
488:
487:marginal gums
484:
480:
476:
475:periodontitis
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
442:
440:
437:(BOP) and/or
436:
432:
422:
420:
410:
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404:
393:
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317:
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285:
274:
271:
267:
262:
256:Marginal gums
253:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:alveolar bone
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
202:
200:
196:
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174:
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156:
148:
144:
132:
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54:
49:
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37:
32:
27:
22:
2086:Second molar
1999:Second molar
1864:Nomenclature
1687:
1594:Periodontium
1545:
1365:Hom-Lay Wang
1350:Jørgen Slots
1320:Brian Mealey
1195:Gingivectomy
1097:Tetracycline
1092:Oral hygiene
937:
929:
922:
917:T. denticola
915:
910:T. forsythia
908:
901:
894:
889:F. nucleatum
887:
880:
873:
736:Periodontium
649:
591:
582:
560:Science News
544:
491:
455:oral hygiene
448:
428:
416:
399:
383:
368:
324:
301:
280:
277:Attached gum
263:
259:
251:
199:periodontium
191:inflammation
188:
180:
154:
146:
142:
140:
94:A03.1.03.004
90:A03.1.03.003
86:A05.1.01.108
61:
2091:Third molar
2081:First molar
2004:Third molar
1994:First molar
1526:Soft palate
1521:Hard palate
1465:Cupid's bow
1345:Jay Seibert
1295:Frank Beube
1134:Debridement
924:Red complex
663:05 Mar 2000
183:soft tissue
169:inside the
51:Identifiers
2237:Categories
2152:Root canal
2018:Mandibular
1780:Oropharynx
1738:Underside
1485:White roll
1315:Jan Lindhe
1240:Sinus lift
1170:Bone graft
1057:Ante's law
996:Gingivitis
966:Edentulism
536:References
459:gingivitis
379:epithelium
375:meth mouth
371:gingivitis
327:epithelium
1931:Maxillary
1921:Deciduous
1894:Permanent
1712:Taste bud
1589:Stippling
1120:Treatment
1102:Triclosan
1087:Mouthwash
934:(amoebic)
866:Infection
813:Diagnoses
796:Stippling
520:Gum graft
483:dry mouth
403:embrasure
304:embrasure
177:Structure
2053:Premolar
1966:Premolar
1909:premolar
1742:Frenulum
1604:Philtrum
1599:Cementum
1480:Philtrum
1258:Membrane
1077:Flossing
1062:Brushing
971:Fremitus
956:Calculus
751:Cementum
657:Archived
638:Archived
610:Archived
599:Archived
552:Archived
498:See also
479:pyorrhea
222:cementum
163:mandible
155:gingivae
2243:Gingiva
2205:Mamelon
2027:Incisor
1940:Incisor
1899:incisor
1609:Gingiva
1253:Curette
1158:Surgery
805:Disease
761:Gingiva
729:Anatomy
413:Texture
396:Contour
320:keratin
316:chewing
224:. C,
212:of the
167:maxilla
159:mucosal
147:gingiva
74:D005881
62:gingiva
46:Details
2187:Dentin
2177:Enamel
2044:Canine
1957:Canine
1904:canine
1785:fauces
1701:Tongue
1626:Glands
1513:Palate
1268:Scaler
1249:Tools
1031:Plaque
236:. F,
232:. E,
228:. D,
218:enamel
2114:Crown
2105:Parts
2074:Molar
2020:teeth
1987:Molar
1933:teeth
1914:molar
1886:Teeth
1795:Uvula
1680:Teeth
1495:Cheek
1444:mouth
1263:Probe
949:Other
339:Color
214:tooth
210:crown
171:mouth
129:[
118:59762
57:Latin
2147:Pulp
2122:Cusp
1708:Top
1688:see
1663:duct
1651:duct
1639:duct
1546:Gums
683:Gums
165:and
143:gums
141:The
106:2790
81:TA98
69:MeSH
29:Gums
1452:Lip
477:or
312:col
151:pl.
145:or
113:FMA
101:TA2
2239::
621:^
566:^
494:.
441:.
322:.
153::
1849:e
1842:t
1835:v
1435:e
1428:t
1421:v
723:)
712:e
705:t
698:v
149:(
133:]
23:.
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