Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area

1557:(“R&D”) facilities and equipment to Hong Kong R&D institutions and support the relevant institutions to participate in national technological programmes. It provides support for technological infrastructure and technological innovation for industries including the development of the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Innovation and Technology Park; the five R&D centres in Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Science Park, Cyberport and the State Key Laboratories. Furthermore, it nurtures platforms for technological innovation for industries and manufacturing innovation centres. The program fosters the flow of technology talent and resources, facilitate R&D collaboration to allow eligible higher education institutions and R&D institutes in Hong Kong to apply for Mainland technology projects, and use relevant funding in both places according to the regulations. It enhances the management of cross-boundary use of medical data and bio-samples necessary for R&D collaboration projects, enables Hong Kong R&D institutes in Guangdong to enjoy the same treatment as other Mainland R&D institutes. Additionally, it provides facilitation measures relating to immigration, etc., to encourage exchanges between technological and academic talent. 443:” was coined in 1947 reflecting the region's rich and diverse local histories, the term “Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area” refers to a much larger area. Within the discourse on regional planning and mega-city positioning, the Pearl River Delta's spatial structure has been contoured and realigned according to changing administrative boundaries, economic productivity, and infrastructural connectivity. In the early 2000s, Chinese scholars began using the term “Greater Pearl River Delta” (GPRD) which described the 9 + 2 city agglomeration that encompassed post-handover Hong Kong and Macao. The GPRD was conceptualized as a series of lesser cities as industrial nodes with specialist functions clustering around two prominent cores – Guangzhou, the provincial capital, and Shenzhen. In 2003, Guangdong province advocated the idea of “Pan-PRD” as an even more extensive regional construct that comprised nine neighboring provinces to promote economic cooperation. A somewhat similar idea should later be mentioned in the English version of China's 1984:(204–112 BCE), who employed them for cultural and economic exchanges with countries as far as present-day Vietnam. After the takeover of the Han Dynasty, trading relations expanded beyond to reach Sri Lanka. During the subsequent period of the Three Kingdoms, these trade routes were consolidated. Trade and cultural exchanges grew. Among this, the port of Guangzhou played a major role for the region's trade and cultural exchanges for over two thousand years. Established under the Kingdom of Wu during the period of the Three Kingdoms (222–280 CE), it eventually grew to become the starting point of the ancient maritime silk road during the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317–420 CE). By the fourth century CE, communities of foreign merchants began establishing themselves in the city. 48: 1417:

Greater Bay Area is also an innovation highland for medical devices. Innovation platforms such as high-performance medical device innovation centers have been set up in the Greater Bay Area, accelerating local industrial innovation. Since 2014, the National Medical Products Administration has formulated the “Special Approval Procedure for Innovative Medical Devices” to encourage research and innovation of medical devices. As of June 2020, a total of 265 products have entered the special review list of innovative medical devices, of which 44 products are from companies in the Greater Bay Area, amounting to 19.0% of all selected domestic manufacturers.

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production and circulation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and chemical medicine. According to statistics from the Ministry of Commerce, Guangdong's total sales of Chinese patent medicine in 2017 reached US$ 4 billion, accounting for 11.16% of the country's total sales of Chinese patent medicine, ranking first in the country. The Greater Bay Area is also one of the production and research bases of chemical drugs. Leading enterprises such as Guangzhou Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical, Livzon Pharmaceutical Group, United Laboratories Internet, Bright Future have settled in the region, selling products nationwide.

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realized the "Bay Area Through Service"for government services in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Guangdong Province has also formally proposed to introduce a credit scoring system to cover Hong Kong and Macao in the next three years, with a view to sharing credit information in the Greater Bay Area and providing credit incentives and sanctions for enterprises in the region. There are also plans to promote information sharing between the Mainland, Hong Kong and Macao, and to strengthen police cooperation and exchanges in order to deal with traditional and non-traditional security threats.

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Shenzhen in the south into the core area of GBA's National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone. The goal is to give all-around support to the construction of the Nation's Science and Technology Industrial Innovation Centre and the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, to provide support for the Nation to implement its innovation-driven development strategy. It aims to become a world leading innovation center for technological industries, a main science center, and the innovation leader in the world by 2050.

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envisioned to develop into a centre for international tourism, leisure and cultural exchange, as well as a trading hub with Portuguese-speaking countries. Third, Guangzhou. The city is planned as a commerce, transportation and education hub. Fourth, Shenzhen, which will focus on innovation. With each city specialising further in their respective comparative advantages, the GBA is supposed to become a “vibrant world-class city cluster”.

447:, taking the Pearl River Delta and including the larger province of Guangdong. Four years later finally, on 13 April 2017, the heading of a piece of news released at the English language government website of the State Council adopted the name "Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Bay Area". Just over two months later, on 1 July 2017, the "Framework Agreement on Deepening Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Cooperation in the Development of the Bay Area" ( 4898: 1446:

manufacturing state-of-the-art electronic components. It also includes companies in the food and construction sectors, the automotive and aircraft industries, manufacturers of high-end medical products, as well as IT companies and software and hardware producers. Building upon the years-long manufacturing traditions in the region, the Outline Development Plan sets the goals of creating clusters for advanced equipment manufacturing in

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16–19 °C in January and 28–29 °C in July. However, the highest temperature in summer goes more than 35 °C and the lowest can be lower than 10 °C. Temperatures in Hong Kong and Macao are nearly the same, with the annual average temperature around 23 °C, a little higher due to their location more to the south and closer to the equator. GBA receives abundant amount of precipitation throughout the year.

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and a risk management centre. It also supports the city in promoting the development of high‑end and high value‑added financial, commercial and trading, logistics and professional services, making great efforts to develop innovation and technology industries, nurturing emerging industries, and establishing Hong Kong as the centre for international legal and dispute resolution services in the Asia‑Pacific region.

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and local governments to test new policies, to explore new development models and better integrate the economy with international practices and with Hong Kong and Macao. When it was founded, the free trade area comprised 34 measures for greater openness in six areas: manufacturing, financial services, maritime transport services, trade services, professional services and technology, and cultural services.

501:, which is the convergent point of the East, North and West Rivers. It is therefore unsurprising that the network of bays and rivers has contributed to the archipelagic nature of many cities within the GBA. The cities of Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Hong Kong, and Macao for instance "each possess constituent and distinctly islanded territorial niches that are focused on particular industrial areas." 457:. From then on, the term “Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area” has been widely used to refer to the region in officially translated sources. English-language sources tend to simply refer to the area as “Greater Bay Area” or GBA for short. Its geographical makeup, the cities it encompasses and its population centers are detailed in the section below. 2074:

Language Research Center under the auspices of the State Language Commission, together with a team from Guangzhou University, summarizes the state of language life in the region, and proposes recommendations for the construction of the language and writing environment and language services on the basis of the report.

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Starting from May 30, 2019, Hong Kong and Macao have realized the government services of Nanhai District of Foshan City, and Hong Kong and Macao residents can use the local self-service terminal system to handle the relevant government services in Nanhai District. As a result, the Nanhai District has

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The industrial tradition of the GBA is what is considered to make it a crucial future location by experts. Since the GBA is building on a modern industrial infrastructure grown over decades, its future importance for developments in high-tech and digitalization are seen to be increasing. According to

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The Greater Bay Area is an important production and research base of medical devices in China. In 2019, the total output value of the medical device industry in the Greater Bay Area reached US$ 18.51 billion, accounting for 16.67% of the national total and ranking first in the country. Meanwhile, the

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The plan supports Hong Kong in consolidating and enhancing its status as international financial, transportation and trade centres as well as an international aviation hub, and strengthening its status as a global offshore renminbi business hub and its role as an international asset management centre

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To realise this end goal, the four designated “core cities'' will be developed according to their respective comparative advantages. First, Hong Kong. It is planned to strengthen its position as an international hub for financial and logistical services. Second, Macau. The former Portuguese colony is

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The government aims to strengthen I&T cooperation, develop international innovation platforms by encouraging Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao enterprises and scientific research institutes to participate in international I&T cooperation. The goal is to open Guangdong's research and development

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These industrial traditions in the GBA are the foundation upon which its future development is built. Its current GDP is primarily generated in traditional industries and based on tried and tested business models. The spectrum ranges from wood and plastics processing to new textiles and materials to

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The Guangdong FTZ is supposed to be the first mover and the pilot region designated by the Central Government as the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao in-depth cooperation demonstration zone and serves as a place to promote the service trade liberalization of the three regions..It is a place for the Central

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The China (Guangdong) Pilot Free Trade Zone (the Guangdong FTZ) was approved by the State Council in December 2014 and started operation in April 2015. The Zone has an area of 116.2 km and is composed of three areas, the Nansha New Zone in Guangzhou (60 km), the Qianhai & Shekou Area in Shenzhen

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The Government is stepping up efforts in I&T development in eight major areas, including: increasing resources for R&D; pooling together technology talent; providing investment funding; providing technological research infrastructure; reviewing existing legislations and regulations; opening

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The picture below shows the GDP development by city in the GBA, which has separated out into three groupings in terms of GDP, with Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou occupying a clear first tier, Foshan and Dongguan the second tier, and the remaining cities in the Pearl River Delta a third tier. It

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The Ministry of Education (MOE) held a press conference on June 2, 2021, to disclose the "Report on the Language Life Situation in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area (2021)". The report, which was compiled by the National Language Service and Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area

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With the rising economic importance, the GBA also underwent unprecedented urban growth over the past three decades. The total urban areas have expanded from 652.74 km2 in 1986 to 8137.09 km2 in 2017 (approximately 13 times), at an 8.28% average annual growth rate. Main driving factors of the urban

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The GBA is an economic powerhouse. Its combined regional GDP was RMB¥13 trillion (US$ 1.8 trillion) in 2022, which is equivalent to over 10 percent of GDP for all of China. If the GBA were its own country, it would rank as the 12th biggest economy globally (almost equal to South Korea's and bigger

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This plan was published by the Guangdong Government in December 2017, aiming to build a region approximately 180 kilometers long starting from the Guangzhou-Foshan border in the north, running through downtown Guangzhou, Songshan Lake in Dongguan, and downtown Shenzhen, to Dapeng New District in

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Guangzhou has become a key player in the NEV (New Energy Vehicles) industry, with the district's output expected to surpass 300,000 units annually by 2024. Major companies like XPeng Motors and GAC are expanding their R&D efforts, driving technological advancements in battery efficiency and

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The entire area has temperate springs (March to May), hot and wet summers (June to August), clear and cool autumns (September to November), and mild, rainy winters (December to February). The annual average temperature of Guangdong Province is around 22.3 °C, with the average temperature of

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The Hong Kong section of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link (XRL) connects to the national high-speed rail network, significantly shortening the travelling time between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, Guangzhou and other cities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, and reinforcing Hong

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into an economically integrated world-class business hub. The document stipulates crucial milestones for the GBA. If achieved, they are expected to transform the GBA into an international first-class bay area in 2022 and evolve the region into an international first-class bay area by 2035. The

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into an integrated economy and world-class business hub. The document-stipulated crucial milestones for GBA is a formation of the Framework for an international first-class bay area in 2022 and an evolution of the region into an international first-class bay area by 2035. The progress will be

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The Greater Bay Area is a key national development area for the biomedical industry which has developed rapidly in recent years. The region has a noticeable advantage in industrial agglomeration and a complete upstream and downstream industry chain, it has particularly moved ahead in R&D,

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The Outline Development Plan foresees the implementation of several infrastructural projects. For instance, developing a world-class airport cluster in the region and building inter-city high-speed rail links and motorways to improve connectivity both within the GBA and beyond. The planned

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Urban rail transit (including metros, commuter and regional railways) is expanding very fast. Hong Kong MTR was the first, and its model has subsequently been applied to other networks in the region. The total length of all cities' metro lines is now 924.8 km (574.6 mi).

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Kong's position as a regional transportation hub. in the first six months of 2023, the Hong Kong section of the XRL recorded an average daily patronage of more than 40,000 passenger trips, with the highest number of passenger trips in a single day exceeding 90,000 passenger trips.

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The core idea behind the development of the Greater Bay Area (GBA) is laid out in ‘Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’ released by the Chinese central government in February 2019. The ambitious goal foresees a linkage of the nine cities in

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expansions in the GBA were rapidly increasing GDP, income, and population. Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, and Dongguan recorded the most remarkable urbanization changes, while Hong Kong and Macau had respectively lower magnitudes of change (118.53 and 6.98 km2, respectively).

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brought Hong Kong under British control and forced the opening of other ports in the region. While their respective economic importance was subject to fluctuations later on, the establishment of special economic zones should begin to drive their economic importance anew.

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Phase one, due for completion in 2025, will establish a Greater Bay Area airport conglomerate, with greater interaction between the facilities. Phase 2 aims to lift all the airports to a world-class level by 2035 with "safe, green, smart, human and synergetic qualities".

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The Greater Bay Area consists of nine cities of Guangdong Province, which account for around 30% of the land mass of Guangdong Province, plus the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macao. It is in the Pearl River Delta along the South China coast.

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Another milestone in the development of GBA was reached on 18 February 2019 by adoption of the Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area. The ambitious goal foresees a linkage of the nine cities in Guangdong province's

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Mountain ranges and peninsulas shape the GBA. The province of Guangdong, for instance, possesses a coastline of 4,114 km (2,556 mi) due to the multiplicity of islands, bays and peninsulas. This multiplicity of small islands results from the

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in the mid-1550s, it represented one of the first trading ports in the Far East. It was later joined by Guangzhou, whose port was the only one remaining open for foreign trade during the closure of the country under the

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The Development Plan for the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area gave a vital impulse to the rapid advancement of urbanisation. It foresees establishing data ports, information networks, electronic payment, and

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is considered as one of the “ten cores” of the “Science and Technology Innovation Corridor (STIC)”-blueprint for “China's Silicon Valley”. The most prominent among 12 universities of the “University Town” is

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was RMB¥13 trillion (US$ 1.8 trillion) in 2022, which was equivalent to over 10 percent of GDP for all of China. As one of China's most vibrant and important regions, the GBA has the highest concentration of

1146: 5021: 1292:, pioneering experiments devised to exploit the capability of differences of each city. As accelerators of economic growth, these zones were characterized by skilled labour and an abundance of resources. 430:

of Asia. Given traditional divisions between the provincial and municipal governments and business elites, there are some opinions that the ambitious idea behind the GBA might be difficult to implement.

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There are currently over 2000 so-called "economic development zones" (or EDZs) in China. While the term "economic development zone" is the official and literal translation of the Chinese term "经济开发区 (

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GBA is a core platform for prototyping and fast engineering, with both cost and timelines for prototyping being the lowest in the world. GBA's industrial traditions have been long anchored in

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The region has a diverse economic outlook with industrial development zones in all eleven cities covering emerging industries, R&D and high-end sectors. Among the emerging industries, the

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than Australia's economy). GDP growth of GBA was 4.4 per cent in 2019, and GDP is expected to reach US$ 4 trillion by 2030, which would lead the GBA's GDP to overtake that of Germany in 2019.

2775: 1369:. In terms of environmental problems, a study by Wang et al. projected that urbanization and climate change will lead to an 8.87% increase in the exposure duration of dangerous discomfort ( 3355:"Implementation Measures for Supporting the Scientific and Technological Innovation in the Shenzhen Municipal Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industrial Cooperation Zone (Trial)" 465:

The GBA is located in the southern coastal area of China (21◦320–24◦260N, 111◦200–115◦240E). Located in the very south part of China, the climate of the Greater Bay Area ranges from humid

1522:, a leading hospital with over 3,000 beds. Several world leaders in translational medicine are based in GBA, such as the lung cancer authority Professor Yi-Long Wu (vice-president of the 2753: 47: 2402: 1987:

Since the first foreign merchants have established themselves in Guangdong, the whole GBA region's importance for global trade has only increased. When Macao became a Portuguese

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projects underway. Among them – construction of Guangzhou-Zhanjiang High-speed Railway, Gangzhou-Shenzhen Highspeed Railway and Guangzhou-Shanwei-Shantou High-speed Railway.

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22 companies from the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) make their mark on the 2024 Fortune Global 500 list, including 17 from Guangdong and 5 from Hong Kong.

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Its relationship with the sea has shaped the Greater Bay Area for centuries. The first known ships from the area are believed to have been constructed by the people of the

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The former Portuguese colony is to develop into a center for international tourism, leisure and cultural exchange as well as a trade hub with Portuguese-speaking countries.

4483: 1919:. If traveling in here these delicacies are definitely recommended. A local's day usually starts with a bowl of fish ball noodles or wonton noodles and a cup of soy milk. 1398: 4312: 4660: 4448: 2803: 4453: 4203: 508:

GBA has a total population of approximately 86.17 million people (5% of China's total population). The population is expected to reach 100 million people by 2030.

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The "Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area" is sometimes confused with the area of the Pearl River Delta and Guangdong province. While the geographical term “

2555:. Translated by Compilation and Translation Bureau, Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Central Compilation & Translation Press. Archived from 4836: 1732: 1175:

progress will be achieved through deepening reform, prioritising innovation, accelerating connectivity, and improving the environmental footprint in the region.

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The GDP figures are from the statistical bulletin on 2022 national economic and social development published by the statistical agencies of relevant cities, see

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Chan, Fung (2020). "The Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area: Enhancing collaborative governance of the CEPA implementation and regional integration".

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up government data; enhancing procurement arrangements; and strengthening popular science education. So far, the Government has invested over $ 100 billion.

1304: 1276:, these zones became engines of China's further economic, social, urban, and political development. The first SEZs were established in 1979, starting with 4762: 4463: 1792: 1096:

are most prominent. Another rapidly growing economic area in the GBA is healthcare. The Guangzhou International Bio-Technology Island (formerly known as

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Overall, GBA has over 200 universities, producing many college and advanced degrees graduates — over 570,000 college students a year graduates only in

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achieved through deepening reform, prioritizing innovation, accelerating connectivity, and improving the environmental footprint in the region.

9927: 9845: 7218: 3808: 3063:"The projected effects of urbanization and climate change on summer thermal environment in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area of China" 2999:"Exploring Annual Urban Expansions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area: Spatiotemporal Features and Driving Factors in 1986–2017" 2997:

Zhang, Jie; Yu, Le; Li, Xuecao; Zhang, Chenchen; Shi, Tiezhu; Wu, Xiangyin; Yang, Chao; Gao, Wenxiu; Li, Qingquan; Wu, Guofeng (January 2020).

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It is the largest and most populated urban area in the world. The GBA—with a total population of approximately 86 million people—includes nine

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Due to its industrial strength, advanced infrastructure, and vast human resources, GBA is an ideal place for developing and implementing

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Hong Kong and Macau also has its distinct local culture, largely based on Cantonese culture, but also heavily influenced by British and

7582: 4932: 4488: 4473: 4142: 3602: 1307:, Foshan National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone and Zhaoqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone are located within the GBA. 4357: 1041:

connected by a modern transportation system. GBA hosts three of the world's top ten container ports and five international airports (

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Wang, Ziqian; Xiao, Zhixiang; Tam, Chi-Yung; Pan, Weijuan; Chen, Jilong; Hu, Chenxi; Ren, Chao; Wei, Wei; Yang, Song (2021-05-01).

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one expert, metro lines, high-speed lines, 5G internet, and intelligent and autonomous systems will be present in the GBA by 2022.

1050: 311:. It is envisioned by Chinese government planners as an integrated economic area aimed at taking a leading role globally by 2035. 4713: 359: 304: 1226:

To achieve this goal, the four designated “core cities” will be developed according to their respective comparative advantages:

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process triggered China's rapid economic rise over the past three decades. One of the pillars of this economic reform was the '

1046: 444: 422:). GBA has a rich ecosystem of startups, incubators, and accelerators in the fields of agile tech, biotech, medical tech, and 4948: 4925: 3783: 3511: 3329: 2832: 2675: 1578: 9930:

no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See

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Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by

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Besides prioritizing innovation and high-tech industries, the GBA seeks to draw in foreign investors. For that purpose, The

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technology, energy distribution systems and data connectivity sectors. These sectors are playing a key role in smart and

411: 370:(Macau). Hong Kong, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen have been described among the world's 50 "superstar cities". Surrounding the 4339: 3666: 3371: 2451: 2253: 1318:

solutions. Thanks to the highly connected and innovation-driven entrepreneurial landscape of I&T trailblazers like

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development models. The end goal stipulated by the document is to transform the GBA into a services-oriented economy.

4795: 4757: 4737: 4690: 4443: 4307: 3698: 3436:"Perceiving the Silk Road Archipelago: Archipelagic relations within the ancient and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road" 2776:"Regulators, bankers push for freer capital flow between Hong Kong and Greater Bay Area to boost city's gateway role" 2622:"Perceiving the Silk Road Archipelago: Archipelagic relations within the ancient and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road" 1216: 9924:

Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.

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will significantly reduce travelling times within the region and simultaneously promote a free flow of people,

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Manyika, James; Ramaswamy, Sree; Bughin, Jacques; Woetzel, Jonathan; Birshan, Michael; Nagpal, Zubin (2018).

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Opinions Concerning Financial Support for the Establishment of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

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Further step in GBA's infrastructure development is establishment of airport clusters. Five main airports –

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The 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China (2016–2020)

1824: 1612: 1101: 1054: 1619:—as well as a group of feeder airports, will constitute a cluster that will be developed in two phases. 9967: 7902: 4790: 4732: 4680: 4536: 4478: 3953: 3943: 3793: 3723: 3656: 3203:"Speculative urbanism and the making of university towns in China: A case of Guangzhou University Town" 1523: 2556: 4891: 4645: 4415: 4352: 4260: 4232: 4228: 4098: 4083: 3985: 3938: 3928: 3828: 3588: 1715: 1651: 1515: 1273: 1212: 1124: 1120: 20: 1972:

is the official language taught in schools, but Cantonese is most frequently used in everyday life.

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The plan is to strengthen its position as an international hub for financial and logistics services.

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The main challenges faced by the GBA while advancing urban solutions is growing environmental and

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and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, and a director of Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute).

1492: 1420: 1191:, and information in the region. Given rising concerns about the environmental impact of rapid 386: 2746:"Enhancing Connectivity in the Greater Bay Area Mirroring Overseas Practices and Case Studies" 1135:

is accurate to view the GBA as having three leading economic cities of comparable importance.

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in the country and houses a majority of China's most innovative technology companies, such as

5478: 5253: 5119: 5058: 4819: 4722: 4551: 3990: 2643: 2157: 1839: 1695: 1616: 1089: 1058: 2883:"China's Greater Bay Area in 2020: Opening up the Financial Industry, Promoting Integration" 1145: 9987: 9274: 8271: 7718: 7637: 7501: 7267: 5831: 4906: 4780: 4612: 4546: 4396: 4213: 4093: 4013: 3923: 3863: 3748: 3074: 3010: 1844: 1196: 2923: 8: 9309: 8874: 8050: 7429: 4785: 4531: 4374: 4088: 3973: 3968: 3848: 3676: 2222: 2147: 2132: 2017: 1303:)", it may be better translated as "economic clusters" in English. Among these clusters, 1188: 777: 254: 246: 196: 3078: 3014: 1495:

which ranks 33rd in Asia and 182nd worldwide in 2023 in terms of aggregate performance (

9392: 9294: 9284: 9254: 8809: 8726: 8532: 8462: 8311: 8045: 8040: 7663: 7397: 7293: 5733: 4640: 4607: 4561: 4556: 4132: 4066: 3671: 3552: 3098: 2351: 2326: 1956:. Cantonese language is the official spoken language in the semi-autonomous regions of 1755: 1256:

Smart urbanization and role of Special Economic and Technological Development Districts

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gates and trade hotspot for the last two thousand years, GBA features rich palette of

9458: 9362: 9314: 9264: 8889: 8849: 8804: 8759: 8721: 8638: 8085: 7766: 7728: 5985: 4592: 4582: 4198: 3889: 3843: 3833: 3731: 3556: 3474: 3218: 3102: 3090: 2956:"Outline Development Plan for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Promulgated" 2955: 2671: 2499: 2356: 2122: 2037: 1953: 1945: 1180: 1163: 498: 486: 440: 371: 2804:

Greater Bay Area: A 2030 Outlook – Opportunities and Challenges Over the Next Decade

2278: 9299: 9178: 8879: 8653: 8633: 8618: 8580: 8477: 8439: 8414: 8236: 8025: 7691: 7571: 7530: 7166: 5921: 4901: 4597: 4526: 4250: 4152: 4147: 3980: 3611: 3544: 3450: 3214: 3152: 3082: 3018: 2633: 2404:'Superstars': The Dynamics of Firms, Sectors, and Cities Leading the Global Economy 2346: 2338: 2114: 1969: 1885: 1750: 1265: 1093: 1038: 470: 191: 185: 3177: 3124:

Merck - Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay AreaInnovation Ecosystem White Paper

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All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.

3471:

The Future of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area – Background Report

3115:

The Future of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Background Document

3086: 1876:

traditions, languages, and food. Among them, a distinct European ambience – the

9567: 9126: 9063: 8952: 8628: 8472: 8349: 8133: 7957: 7917: 7796: 7591: 7551: 7450: 7278: 7069: 7038: 6987: 6702: 6365: 6044: 5621: 4917: 4772: 4167: 3903: 3661: 2939:"Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area – From Connectivity to Integration" 2523:"The Greater Bay Area: Integration, Differentiation and Regenerative Ecologies" 2029: 1903:

There are many food recommendations in Hong Kong. The most famous of which are

1720: 1636: 1593: 1570: 474: 427: 250: 2699: 2342: 1927: 9956: 9483: 9448: 9218: 9183: 8977: 8942: 8769: 8764: 8701: 8128: 7932: 7879: 7869: 7367: 6946: 6687: 6059: 5762: 4986: 4847: 4602: 4056: 3995: 3773: 3094: 2456: 2025: 1765: 1710: 1641: 1582: 1390:

The Plan for Guangzhou-Shenzhen Scientific Technology and Innovation Corridor

1354: 1109: 1066: 1062: 1029:

The Greater Bay Area is a critical export hub, accounting for 37% of China's

478: 1421:

GBA’s development of international innovation and technology (“I&T”) hub

9530: 9113: 8992: 8643: 8369: 8223: 8193: 8118: 8080: 7874: 7824: 7801: 7377: 7297: 7089: 6320: 6024: 5821: 5797: 5302: 3487:"Guangzhou promotes image as intl. business and tech hub_Life of Guangzhou" 3282:"China's Greater Bay Area – the next global healthcare innovation hotspot?" 2360: 2137: 2100: 1993: 1873: 1700: 1566: 1514:

Numerous highly rated medical schools operate in the region, including the

1358: 1192: 1119:

envisaged gradual financial liberalization. Additionally, In May 2020, the

3548: 2857:"China's Greater Bay Area in 2020: Financial Sector Opening is a Priority" 1482:

and academic centres. Among them are the “University Town” located on the

9739: 9198: 9033: 8987: 8706: 8306: 8173: 8148: 7707: 7606: 7540: 7413: 7372: 6839: 6507: 5896: 5527: 5509: 5355: 4976: 4324: 2167: 1908: 1362: 1347: 1343: 1339: 407: 379: 308: 300: 278: 2257: 1357:, improvements in cross-border mobility of people and goods, as well as 266: 9768: 9683: 9188: 9163: 9068: 8658: 8623: 8286: 8266: 8153: 8030: 7983: 7844: 7654: 7490: 7351: 7302: 7161: 6880: 6154: 5901: 5846: 5650: 5416: 3178:"Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area – Outline Development Plan" 3023: 2998: 2900:"Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area – Outline Development Plan" 2597:"Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area – Outline Development Plan" 1997: 1912: 1475: 1315: 1128: 466: 423: 242: 5611: 2970:"Where to Invest in China: An Explainer on Economic Development Zones" 1195:

and infrastructure development, the Outline Development Plan includes

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has introduced new measures aimed at liberalizing China's controls on

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The city is planned as a hub for trade, transportation and education.

1167: 1159: 1105: 942: 828: 809: 632: 594: 537: 482: 454: 363: 343: 323: 319: 237: 181: 128: 97: 72: 9749: 9688: 9660: 9655: 9525: 9478: 9463: 9443: 9329: 9319: 9249: 9223: 9168: 9083: 9053: 9043: 8997: 8972: 8932: 8927: 8917: 8869: 8859: 8829: 8824: 8784: 8751: 8731: 8696: 8668: 8552: 8527: 8449: 8364: 8339: 8316: 8276: 8231: 8168: 8158: 8095: 8035: 8017: 7993: 7978: 7965: 7927: 7859: 7834: 7829: 7814: 7702: 7616: 7578: 7561: 7556: 7441: 7434: 7382: 7330: 7287: 7186: 7176: 7084: 7074: 7048: 7033: 7018: 6982: 6972: 6936: 6849: 6824: 6814: 6799: 6727: 6636: 6626: 6621: 6591: 6576: 6553: 6522: 6517: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6451: 6406: 6370: 6335: 6231: 6209: 6199: 6184: 6164: 6113: 6064: 6034: 5980: 5965: 5936: 5911: 5906: 5787: 5782: 5767: 5718: 5675: 5660: 5645: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5436: 5401: 5360: 5297: 5262: 5240: 5225: 5220: 5190: 5152: 5142: 5137: 5081: 4334: 3580: 2212: 1938: 1923: 1479: 1459: 1455: 1439: 1335: 1323: 1277: 1219:, smart energy, smart municipal management and smart communities”. 961: 923: 866: 790: 708: 670: 575: 556: 355: 347: 339: 327: 315: 112: 102: 92: 77: 426:. For these reasons, many experts consider the region an emerging 9796: 9726: 9704: 9647: 9572: 9535: 9517: 9498: 9493: 9473: 9468: 9430: 9367: 9349: 9339: 9289: 9279: 9259: 9244: 9173: 9153: 9103: 9088: 9058: 8982: 8967: 8962: 8894: 8884: 8819: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8683: 8595: 8575: 8542: 8492: 8487: 8434: 8404: 8399: 8379: 8374: 8331: 8203: 8090: 8065: 8060: 8055: 7973: 7947: 7937: 7907: 7819: 7738: 7682: 7621: 7601: 7586: 7566: 7535: 7525: 7485: 7475: 7445: 7425: 7392: 7342: 7325: 7321: 7282: 7197: 7150: 7140: 7129: 7119: 7104: 7094: 6997: 6951: 6941: 6900: 6869: 6854: 6829: 6809: 6768: 6758: 6697: 6692: 6667: 6656: 6641: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6586: 6566: 6527: 6502: 6497: 6477: 6456: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6416: 6380: 6375: 6350: 6340: 6312: 6286: 6241: 6179: 6174: 6143: 6128: 6123: 6108: 6074: 6049: 6029: 5955: 5950: 5891: 5866: 5841: 5836: 5777: 5772: 5738: 5728: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5665: 5640: 5601: 5532: 5522: 5517: 5426: 5421: 5411: 5350: 5307: 5292: 5287: 5272: 5215: 5205: 5175: 5132: 5127: 5086: 5066: 4853: 2021: 1893: 1869: 1370: 1061:). These airports account for an air freight traffic bigger than 1034: 885: 651: 415: 375: 351: 107: 2004:

Another economic engine in the GBA is the provincial capital of

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Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link Hong Kong section

272: 9791: 9760: 9734: 9665: 9559: 9402: 9372: 9334: 9324: 9269: 9208: 9158: 9098: 9093: 8957: 8947: 8937: 8912: 8864: 8774: 8716: 8691: 8673: 8648: 8613: 8605: 8570: 8547: 8497: 8457: 8409: 8394: 8359: 8354: 8344: 8321: 8291: 8281: 8251: 8213: 8198: 8178: 8143: 8138: 8075: 7942: 7912: 7897: 7889: 7864: 7854: 7806: 7743: 7667: 7645: 7596: 7547: 7511: 7465: 7460: 7402: 7363: 7335: 7311: 7202: 7171: 7114: 7079: 7043: 7023: 6977: 6921: 6910: 6890: 6859: 6844: 6819: 6794: 6789: 6779: 6753: 6737: 6722: 6712: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6611: 6571: 6561: 6512: 6411: 6345: 6325: 6276: 6261: 6256: 6246: 6236: 6133: 6103: 6089: 6069: 6054: 6039: 6016: 5990: 5975: 5970: 5960: 5926: 5856: 5826: 5816: 5723: 5606: 5557: 5446: 5431: 5406: 5396: 5391: 5381: 5376: 5340: 5323: 5312: 5277: 5267: 5235: 5210: 5195: 5180: 2202: 1988: 1981: 1931: 1451: 1447: 1296: 1285: 1030: 904: 847: 689: 613: 419: 395: 335: 331: 87: 82: 4656:

Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement

214: 52:

Detailed map of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area

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State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission

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National Fund for Technology Transfer and Commercialisation

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connected with the modern transportation network featuring

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with a total area of 56,000 km (comparable in size to

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Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement

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by connecting Southern China with the countries along the

1382:(28.2 km), and Hengqin New Zone in Zhuhai (28 km). 1376: 3155:[Greater Bay Area – The future is created here]. 403: 399: 2475: 2473: 2221:, English: Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, 434: 378:), it is the largest and the richest economic region in 5477: 2279:"Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area - Overview" 1675:

Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Bay Area Rail Transit Network

19:"Greater Bay Area" redirects here. For other uses, see 4434:

China Council for the Promotion of International Trade

3039:"Smart City China Report – Ostasiatischer Verein e.V." 2801: 2024:

in 1990s and to date is the most concentrated area of

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GBA is rapidly evolving into the dynamic world-class

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Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone

2924:"22 GBA companies listed on 2024 Fortune Global 500" 2427:"China's Government Plan for Its Own Silicon Valley" 2090: 1560: 7765: 3434:Xie, Baoxia; Zhu, Xianlong; Grydehøj, Adam (2020). 2620:Xie, Baoxia; Zhu, Xianlong; Grydehøj, Adam (2020). 2052:In addition, GBA is expected to play a key role in 460: 3510:Wong, Ricky; Lau, Ayesha Macpherson (2020-03-19). 3475:http://www.2022foundation.com/images/GBA_BGdoc.pdf 2670:(in Chinese). Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe. 2452:"China's Greater Bay Area Has Real Economic Power" 2063: 9894:* Indicates this city has already occurred above. 4298:China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund 2894: 2892: 2304:"Greater Bay Area: Xi Jinping's other grand plan" 9954: 4947: 3201:Li, Zhigang; Li, Xun; Wang, Lei (October 2014). 2661: 2659: 2657: 2517: 2515: 2378:"China: Population in the Greater Bay Area 2019" 1726: 4459:Ministry of Industry and Information Technology 4283:China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation 2479: 1575:Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong High-speed Railway 1429: 5022:Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley) 4960: 3433: 3060: 2996: 2889: 2619: 2028:.-financed enterprises which have invested in 1543:Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 1373:equal to/above 45) for GBA residents by 2030. 16:Pearl River Delta metropolitan region in China 4933: 4424:All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce 3596: 3172: 3170: 2654: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2512: 2482:"Creating the Greater Bay Area of the Future" 2227:Grande Área da Baía Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau 1330:, the Greater Bay Area consistently develops 448: 9902:Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals 4464:National Financial Regulatory Administration 3258:"Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities 2023" 1407: 9932:Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan 4676:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership 3693:Grasping the large, letting go of the small 3234:"University Town: Raising the research bar" 3163:(3). owc Verlag für Außenwirtschaft: 32–36. 2504:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1808:Guangzhou-Zhuhai-Jiangmen intercity railway 1793:Guangzhou–Foshan–Zhaoqing intercity railway 1454:, and high-end manufacturing industries in 1152: 9922:, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it. 4940: 4926: 4897: 4651:Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area 4489:State Administration for Market Regulation 4474:National Development and Reform Commission 3603: 3589: 3411:"5 Traditions Unique to Cantonese Culture" 3366: 3364: 3167: 3153:"Greater Bay Area – Hier entsteht Zukunft" 2584: 2407:(Discussion paper). McKinsey & Company 2372: 2370: 1941:colonisation over the past two centuries. 289:Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area 33:Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area 4358:National Equities Exchange and Quotations 3512:"Keys to success in the Greater Bay Area" 3454: 3372:"Airport cluster boosts Greater Bay Area" 3022: 2833:"Keys to Success in the Greater Bay Area" 2637: 2350: 2247: 2245: 1537:(ranked place 39 worldwide in 2021), the 1469: 4494:State Administration of Foreign Exchange 3200: 3150: 2992: 2990: 2217: 2077: 1144: 3509: 3361: 3231: 2826: 2824: 2449: 2367: 1549:(ranked 126 worldwide in 2021) and the 1377:China (Guangdong) Pilot Free Trade Zone 1268:' of 1978, paired with the creation of 1179:construction of two bridges across the 151:55,800 km (21,500 sq mi) 9955: 4469:National Bureau of Statistics of China 4439:China Securities Regulatory Commission 2242: 1888:and formerly Romanized as Kwangchow), 1835:Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport 1739: 1605:Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport 1047:Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport 9879: 7764: 7252: 5476: 5042: 4959: 4921: 3584: 3146: 3144: 2987: 2722:"Greater Bay to Drive China's Growth" 2666:国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2012). 2301: 2254:"2022年GDP100强城市榜：江苏13市均超4000亿，10强有变化" 1830:Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport 1609:Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport 1509:Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities 1051:Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport 481:(Nan Ling) as well as a few inactive 435:Definition and historical development 4686:Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone 4631:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 4429:All-China Federation of Trade Unions 3610: 3534: 2880: 2830: 2821: 2424: 2324: 1776: 1587:Guangzhou-Shenzhen Intercity Railway 303:, consisting of nine cities and two 4163:Hong Kong Trade Development Council 3408: 3232:Insight, Greater Bay (2020-01-03). 2773: 1545:(ranked 56 worldwide in 2021), the 1541:(ranked 56 worldwide in 2021), the 13: 9898:Direct-administered municipalities 3667:Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns 3141: 2936: 2719: 1803:Dongguan–Huizhou intercity railway 1397: 1251:Shenzhen will focus on innovation. 473:in the far south. There are a few 14: 9999: 4691:Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone 4444:General Administration of Customs 4308:China Reform Holdings Corporation 3699:Scientific Outlook on Development 2218:jyut6 gong2 ou3 daai6 waan1 keoi1 1864:as well as Chinese international 1561:Infrastructure and transportation 5043: 4896: 4887: 4886: 4738:2008–2009 economic stimulus plan 4499:State Administration of Taxation 4387:Stock Exchange Executive Council 4241: 4240: 3854: 3853: 3621: 3620: 3330:"Best universities in Hong Kong" 3219:10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.08.005 2692:"Macao – Statistics & Facts" 2425:Bork, Henrik (5 December 2019). 2302:Bland, Ben (September 2, 2018). 2153:Yellow River Delta and Bohai Sea 2107: 2093: 1664: 1553:(ranked 129 worldwide in 2021). 1551:Hong Kong Polytechnic University 461:Geography and population centers 46: 4748:2015–16 stock market turbulence 4671:Pearl River Delta Economic Zone 3563: 3537:China: An International Journal 3528: 3503: 3479: 3463: 3427: 3402: 3388: 3347: 3322: 3298: 3274: 3250: 3225: 3194: 3127: 3118: 3109: 3054: 3031: 2962: 2948: 2930: 2916: 2874: 2849: 2802:Colliers International (2019). 2795: 2767: 2738: 2713: 2684: 2613: 2575: 2566: 2540: 2480:2022 Foundation (2 July 2019). 2163:Special Economic Zones of China 2128:Pearl River Delta Economic Zone 2064:Development Areas in the Region 2058:21st Century Maritime Silk Road 1820:Hong Kong International Airport 1783:Guangzhou–Kowloon through train 1601:Hong Kong International Airport 1592:There are also massive ongoing 1539:Chinese University of Hong Kong 1112:industrial zone in the region. 1043:Hong Kong International Airport 9906:Separate state-planning cities 7638:Former Prefecture-level cities 5097:Special administrative regions 4666:Northeast China Revitalization 4303:China Internet Investment Fund 4288:China Government Guidance Fund 2443: 2418: 2394: 2318: 2295: 2271: 2207: 2198: 2190: 2180: 1922:Recommended food in Macao are 1711:Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway 1272:. By allowing and encouraging 449: 360:special administrative regions 305:special administrative regions 1: 4758:China–United States trade war 4623:Regional economic initiatives 4576:National economic initiatives 4293:China-Africa Development Fund 3687:Deng Xiaoping's southern tour 2831:Wong, Ricky (19 March 2020). 2774:Xie, Yuke (7 November 2023). 2720:Qu, Hongbin (1 August 2018). 2306:. The Financial Times Limited 2235: 2143:Metropolitan regions of China 1727:Regional and commuter railway 1657:Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge 1579:Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge 1350:urban development solutions. 1270:Special Economic Zones (SEZs) 9910:Special economic-zone cities 5334:Autonomous regional capitals 4949:Metropolitan cities of China 4859:List of Chinese by net worth 4842:China Compulsory Certificate 4753:Protein export contamination 4404:Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange 4320:China Investment Corporation 3784:Business process outsourcing 3409:Gao, Sally (14 April 2017). 2068: 1547:City University of Hong Kong 1430:Industrial traditions in GBA 385:The GBA's combined regional 7: 7719:Sub-prefecture-level cities 4173:Water supply and sanitation 3135:"Innovation and Technology" 3087:10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100866 2881:Wong, Dorcas (2020-05-22). 2450:Summers, Tim (2018-09-20). 2256:. yicai.com. Archived from 2086: 1825:Macau International Airport 1613:Macau International Airport 1055:Macau International Airport 1033:. This is due to the large 10: 10004: 9963:Transborder agglomerations 5370:Comparatively large cities 5002:Cross-Strait Western Coast 4962:Major metropolitan regions 4681:Rise of Central China Plan 4479:National Energy Commission 1975: 1855: 1798:Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway 1630: 1524:Guangdong General Hospital 1274:foreign direct investments 1213:telecommunications systems 763: 18: 9892: 9888: 9880: 9875: 9843: 9748: 9725: 9703: 9674: 9646: 9630: 9558: 9516: 9429: 9401: 9348: 9235: 9144: 9019: 8903: 8750: 8682: 8604: 8561: 8448: 8330: 8222: 8109: 8016: 7956: 7888: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7760: 7734:Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia 7717: 7636: 7500: 7268:Prefecture-level capitals 7266: 7262: 7248: 7216: 7185: 7149: 7128: 7057: 6996: 6960: 6909: 6868: 6767: 6736: 6655: 6541: 6465: 6394: 6300: 6208: 6142: 6088: 5999: 5935: 5865: 5796: 5747: 5674: 5620: 5556: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5472: 5369: 5333: 5249: 5161: 5118: 5095: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5038: 4972: 4968: 4955: 4877: 4771: 4714:2005–2011 property bubble 4704: 4646:China Western Development 4621: 4575: 4507: 4414: 4353:Dalian Commodity Exchange 4227: 4191: 4109: 4042: 4004: 3722: 3632: 3618: 3151:Frerichs, Daniel (2021). 2343:10.1007/s10273-021-2901-x 2327:"Chinas Greater Bay Area" 1716:Macau Light Rapid Transit 1652:Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge 1516:First Affiliated Hospital 1408:GBA's healthcare industry 1000:Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau 261: 236: 226: 210: 205: 173: 168: 160: 155: 147: 142: 121: 65: 57: 45: 38: 31: 21:Bay Area (disambiguation) 9926:The claimed province of 9920:Oroqen Autonomous Banner 7502:Province-governed cities 4987:Yangtze Delta (SH-JS-ZJ) 4588:Belt and Road Initiative 4567:Rural credit cooperative 4340:Foreign exchange reserve 4273:Beijing Financial Street 3682:Socialist market economy 3473:. Retrieved 2021-08-31. 3469:2022 Foundation (2019). 3310:www.studyinguangdong.com 2806:(Report). Archived from 2781:South China Morning Post 2667: 2173: 2054:Belt and Road Initiative 1944:The distinct feature of 1917:Hong Kong-style milk tea 1689: 1647:Humen Pearl River Bridge 1474:GBA is home to numerous 1153:Outline Development Plan 1082:Internet of Things (IoT) 477:collectively called the 7739:Erenhot, Inner Mongolia 5479:Prefecture-level cities 5120:Regional Central Cities 5059:National Central Cities 4830:Globalization and women 4696:Zhongyuan Economic Zone 4636:Beibu Gulf Economic Rim 4416:Government institutions 4392:Shenzhen Stock Exchange 4382:Shanghai Metal Exchange 4370:Shanghai Stock Exchange 4034:Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park 4019:Megalopolises in China 3491:www.lifeofguangzhou.com 3396:"Infrastructure in GBA" 1850:Huizhou Pingtan Airport 1680: 1535:University of Hong Kong 1332:artificial intelligence 1197:ecological conservation 1086:Artificial Intelligence 227: • Per capita 9978:Landforms of Hong Kong 9973:Landforms of Guangdong 7504:(Sub-prefecture-level) 4977:Jing-Jin-Ji (BJ-TJ-HE) 4869:Science and technology 4763:2020–2021 reform spree 4517:International rankings 4363:Beijing Stock Exchange 4029:Suzhou Industrial Park 4024:Special Economic Zones 3571:"教育部：《粤港澳大湾区语言生活状况报告》" 3443:Island Studies Journal 2626:Island Studies Journal 2226: 1813: 1520:Sun Yat-sen University 1493:Sun Yat-sen University 1470:Education and research 1402: 1149: 1121:People's Bank of China 222:1.9 trillion (nominal) 174: • Languages 7722:(Prefecture-governed) 7583:XPCC(Bingtuan) cities 5163:Sub-provincial cities 5012:Mid-Southern Liaoning 4219:Intellectual property 3714:1949–1976 wage reform 3657:Industrial Revolution 3549:10.1353/chn.2020.0011 3207:Habitat International 2486:beltandroad.hktdc.com 2325:Kuhn, Britta (2021). 2158:National Central City 2078:Public Administration 1840:Zhuhai Jinwan Airport 1696:Dongguan Rail Transit 1617:Zhuhai Jinwan Airport 1507:) as reported by the 1401: 1262:Reform and Opening Up 1199:as well as green and 1148: 1127:and foreign currency 1090:hydrogen technologies 1059:Zhuhai Jinwan Airport 392:Fortune 500 companies 232:US$ 22,400 (nominal) 7257:(partly shown below) 4907:Economy of East Asia 4613:Youth Business China 4449:Ministry of Commerce 4397:SZSE Component Index 4014:Dalian Software Park 3306:"Study in Guangdong" 3262:research.unsw.edu.au 2018:Procter & Gamble 1845:Foshan Shadi Airport 1751:Hong Kong Light Rail 1142:autonomous driving. 1092:, new mobility, and 1022:US$ 1.925 trillion 1017:CN¥ 12.967 trillion 9914:Open coastal cities 7767:County-level cities 5250:Provincial capitals 4454:Ministry of Finance 4375:SSE Composite Index 4345:Hedge fund industry 4192:Law and regulations 3899:academic publishing 3677:Four Modernizations 3238:Greater Bay Insight 3079:2021UrbCl..3700866W 3015:2020RemS...12.2615Z 2974:China Briefing News 2861:China Briefing News 2195:traditional Chinese 2148:Yangtze River Delta 1880:with its center in 1761:Hong Kong Peak Tram 1740:Light rail and tram 450:深化粵港澳合作推進大灣區建設框架協議 445:13th Five-Year Plan 418:(parent company of 9983:Landforms of Macau 5017:Shandong Peninsula 4864:Chinese economists 4837:National Standards 4733:2007 slave scandal 4641:Bohai Economic Rim 4608:Made in China 2025 4557:Internal migration 4542:Standard of living 4330:Financial services 4204:Labor contract law 4158:Illegal drug trade 4128:World Trade Center 3964:Telecommunications 3912:equipment industry 3744:Advanced materials 3709:Population history 3672:Great Leap Forward 3626:Companies of China 3182:www.bayarea.gov.hk 3024:10.3390/rs12162615 2904:www.bayarea.gov.hk 2601:www.bayarea.gov.hk 2283:www.bayarea.gov.hk 2187:simplified Chinese 2006:Guangdong province 1950:Cantonese language 1860:Being part of the 1756:Hong Kong Tramways 1735:(several sections) 1438:and modernized in 1403: 1215:, and developing “ 1150: 880:US$ 167.0 billion 861:US$ 189.0 billion 842:US$ 368.4 billion 823:US$ 429.0 billion 804:US$ 482.0 billion 320:Guangdong province 291:, commonly as the 211: • Total 161: • Total 148: • Total 9968:Pearl River Delta 9950: 9949: 9946: 9945: 9942: 9941: 9871: 9870: 9867: 9866: 9863: 9862: 7756: 7755: 7752: 7751: 7244: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7236: 7235: 5468: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5460: 5459: 5034: 5033: 5030: 5029: 4915: 4914: 4728:2007 stock bubble 4593:Common prosperity 4583:Beijing Consensus 4537:Income inequality 4006:Development Zones 2937:EY (2021-09-24). 2677:978-7-5037-6659-6 2331:Wirtschaftsdienst 2208:Yuègǎngào dàwānqū 2123:Pearl River Delta 2038:Pearl River Delta 1954:Cantonese cuisine 1946:Cantonese culture 1878:Cantonese culture 1777:Intercity railway 1181:Pearl River Delta 1164:Pearl River Delta 1027: 1026: 994:US$ 23.4 billion 975:US$ 35.3 billion 956:US$ 45.7 billion 937:US$ 46.4 billion 918:US$ 61.4 billion 899:US$ 78.6 billion 877:CN¥ 1,120 billion 858:CN¥ 1,270 billion 839:HK$ 2,873 billion 820:CN¥ 2,884 billion 801:CN¥ 3,239 billion 778:Population (2020) 761: 760: 499:Pearl River Delta 487:Leizhou Peninsula 441:Pearl River Delta 372:Pearl River Delta 285: 284: 9995: 9890: 9889: 9883: 9877: 9876: 7780: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7762: 7761: 7264: 7263: 7250: 7249: 5492: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5474: 5473: 5254:Prefecture-level 5055: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5040: 5039: 4982:Greater Bay Area 4970: 4969: 4957: 4956: 4942: 4935: 4928: 4919: 4918: 4902:Outline of China 4900: 4899: 4890: 4889: 4723:pet food recalls 4598:Dual circulation 4349:Stock Exchanges 4278:Financial system 4244: 4243: 4183:Trading partners 3929:Renewable energy 3857: 3856: 3624: 3623: 3612:Economy of China 3605: 3598: 3591: 3582: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3567: 3561: 3560: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3523: 3522: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3497: 3483: 3477: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3456:10.24043/isj.118 3440: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3421: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3382: 3368: 3359: 3358: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3341: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3316: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3292: 3286:www.linkedin.com 3278: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3268: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3245: 3244: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3198: 3192: 3191: 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1816: 1779: 1746:Guangzhou Trams 1742: 1729: 1706:Guangzhou Metro 1692: 1683: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1674: 1669: 1633: 1563: 1472: 1432: 1423: 1410: 1392: 1379: 1258: 1217:smart transport 1155: 1001: 972:CN¥ 232 billion 953:CN¥ 316 billion 934:CN¥ 321 billion 915:CN¥ 405 billion 896:CN¥ 540 billion 766: 528: 523: 518: 475:mountain ranges 463: 437: 358:as well as two 277: 276: 271: 270: 265: 231: 218: 201: 138: 117: 53: 41: 34: 27: 26:Region in China 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10001: 9991: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9948: 9947: 9944: 9943: 9940: 9939: 9893: 9886: 9885: 9873: 9872: 9869: 9868: 9865: 9864: 9861: 9860: 9858: 9857: 9851: 9849: 9841: 9840: 9838: 9837: 9834: 9831: 9828: 9825: 9822: 9819: 9816: 9813: 9810: 9807: 9802: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9786: 9783: 9780: 9777: 9774: 9771: 9766: 9763: 9758: 9754: 9752: 9746: 9745: 9743: 9742: 9737: 9731: 9729: 9723: 9722: 9720: 9719: 9716: 9713: 9709: 9707: 9701: 9700: 9698: 9697: 9694: 9691: 9686: 9680: 9678: 9672: 9671: 9669: 9668: 9663: 9658: 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8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8228: 8226: 8220: 8219: 8217: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8115: 8113: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8022: 8020: 8014: 8013: 8011: 8010: 8007: 8004: 7999: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7968: 7962: 7960: 7958:Inner Mongolia 7954: 7953: 7951: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7894: 7892: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7788: 7786: 7772: 7771: 7758: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7750: 7749: 7747: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7729:Qian'an, Hebei 7725: 7723: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7711: 7705: 7695: 7689: 7679: 7670: 7661: 7652: 7642: 7640: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7630: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7575: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7544: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7518: 7508: 7506: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7494: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7438: 7432: 7422: 7416: 7406: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7360: 7354: 7349: 7339: 7333: 7328: 7318: 7309: 7300: 7291: 7285: 7279:Inner Mongolia 7274: 7272: 7271:(County-level) 7260: 7259: 7246: 7245: 7242: 7241: 7238: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7230: 7224: 7222: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7191: 7189: 7183: 7182: 7180: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7155: 7153: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7143: 7138: 7134: 7132: 7126: 7125: 7123: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7063: 7061: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7002: 7000: 6994: 6993: 6991: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6966: 6964: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6915: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6874: 6872: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 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6101: 6098: 6094: 6092: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6005: 6003: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5945: 5941: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5886: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5871: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5806: 5802: 5800: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5757: 5753: 5751: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5687: 5684: 5680: 5678: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5630: 5626: 5624: 5622:Inner Mongolia 5618: 5617: 5615: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5566: 5562: 5560: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5512: 5507: 5504: 5500: 5498: 5484: 5483: 5470: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5373: 5371: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5327: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5259: 5257: 5247: 5246: 5244: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5167: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5124: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5101: 5099: 5093: 5092: 5090: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5063: 5061: 5047: 5046: 5036: 5035: 5032: 5031: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4973: 4966: 4965: 4953: 4952: 4945: 4944: 4937: 4930: 4922: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4894: 4878: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4822: 4817: 4810: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4788: 4783: 4777: 4775: 4773:Related topics 4769: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4716: 4710: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4627: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4579: 4577: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4522:Social welfare 4519: 4513: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4420: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4400: 4399: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4378: 4377: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4355: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4316: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4269: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4248: 4237: 4235: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4143:Postal history 4140: 4138:Communications 4135: 4130: 4125: 4119: 4117: 4115:infrastructure 4107: 4106: 4104: 4103: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4081: 4076: 4075: 4074: 4072:Oil refineries 4069: 4059: 4054: 4048: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4010: 4008: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3977: 3976: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3915: 3914: 3906: 3901: 3892: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3814:Electric power 3811: 3809:Electric motor 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3740: 3739: 3728: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3704:Historical GDP 3701: 3696: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3662:Iron rice bowl 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3638: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3619: 3616: 3615: 3608: 3607: 3600: 3593: 3585: 3577: 3576: 3562: 3543:(1): 171–191. 3527: 3502: 3478: 3462: 3426: 3401: 3387: 3360: 3346: 3321: 3297: 3273: 3249: 3224: 3193: 3166: 3140: 3126: 3117: 3108: 3053: 3030: 3003:Remote Sensing 2986: 2961: 2947: 2929: 2915: 2888: 2873: 2848: 2820: 2794: 2766: 2737: 2712: 2683: 2676: 2653: 2612: 2583: 2574: 2572:english.gov.cn 2565: 2562:on 2017-01-26. 2539: 2511: 2469: 2442: 2417: 2393: 2366: 2337:(4): 311–315. 2317: 2294: 2270: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2178: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2119: 2118: 2104: 2088: 2085: 2079: 2076: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2030:southern China 1982:Nanyue Kingdom 1977: 1974: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1815: 1812: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1721:Shenzhen Metro 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1691: 1688: 1682: 1679: 1671: 1670: 1663: 1662: 1661: 1660: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1637:Huangpu Bridge 1632: 1629: 1594:infrastructure 1581:(HZM Bridge), 1571:Huangpu Bridge 1562: 1559: 1471: 1468: 1431: 1428: 1422: 1419: 1409: 1406: 1391: 1388: 1378: 1375: 1301:jīngjì kāifāqū 1257: 1254: 1253: 1252: 1246: 1240: 1234: 1154: 1151: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 996: 995: 992: 989: 986: 983: 977: 976: 973: 970: 967: 964: 958: 957: 954: 951: 948: 945: 939: 938: 935: 932: 929: 926: 920: 919: 916: 913: 910: 907: 901: 900: 897: 894: 891: 888: 882: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 863: 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 844: 843: 840: 837: 834: 831: 825: 824: 821: 818: 815: 812: 806: 805: 802: 799: 796: 793: 787: 786: 783: 780: 775: 772: 765: 762: 759: 758: 756: 753: 750: 747: 743: 742: 739: 736: 733: 730: 724: 723: 720: 717: 714: 711: 705: 704: 701: 698: 695: 692: 686: 685: 682: 679: 676: 673: 667: 666: 663: 660: 657: 654: 648: 647: 644: 641: 638: 635: 629: 628: 625: 622: 619: 616: 610: 609: 606: 603: 600: 597: 591: 590: 587: 584: 581: 578: 572: 571: 568: 565: 562: 559: 553: 552: 549: 546: 543: 540: 534: 533: 530: 527:Administrative 525: 520: 515: 462: 459: 436: 433: 428:Silicon Valley 283: 282: 273:bayarea.gov.hk 263: 259: 258: 240: 234: 233: 228: 224: 223: 212: 208: 207: 203: 202: 200: 199: 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8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8702:Gongqingcheng 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8685: 8681: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8607: 8603: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8564: 8560: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8447: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8337: 8335: 8333: 8329: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 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5126: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5117: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5041: 5037: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4943: 4938: 4936: 4931: 4929: 4924: 4923: 4920: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4895: 4893: 4885: 4884: 4880: 4879: 4876: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4849: 4848:Made in China 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4831: 4828: 4827: 4826: 4825:Globalization 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4770: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4620: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4603:Go Out policy 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4574: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4405: 4402: 4398: 4395: 4394: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4371: 4368: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4190: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4123:Trade history 4121: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4052:Energy policy 4050: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4041: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3881:Pearl farming 3879: 3877: 3876:Online gaming 3874: 3872: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3861: 3860: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3779:Biotechnology 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3617: 3613: 3606: 3601: 3599: 3594: 3592: 3587: 3586: 3583: 3572: 3566: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3531: 3517: 3513: 3506: 3492: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3457: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3437: 3430: 3416: 3412: 3405: 3397: 3391: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3365: 3356: 3350: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3311: 3307: 3301: 3287: 3283: 3277: 3263: 3259: 3253: 3239: 3235: 3228: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3197: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3171: 3162: 3159:(in German). 3158: 3154: 3147: 3145: 3136: 3130: 3121: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3067:Urban Climate 3064: 3057: 3043: 3040: 3034: 3025: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2991: 2975: 2971: 2965: 2957: 2951: 2940: 2933: 2925: 2919: 2905: 2901: 2895: 2893: 2884: 2877: 2862: 2858: 2852: 2838: 2834: 2827: 2825: 2810:on 2020-10-31 2809: 2805: 2798: 2783: 2782: 2777: 2770: 2756:on 2020-10-30 2755: 2751: 2747: 2741: 2727: 2723: 2716: 2702:on 2020-12-30 2701: 2697: 2693: 2687: 2679: 2673: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2616: 2602: 2598: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2578: 2569: 2558: 2551: 2550: 2543: 2528: 2524: 2518: 2516: 2507: 2501: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2474: 2459: 2458: 2457:Chatham House 2453: 2446: 2432: 2431:Roland Berger 2428: 2421: 2406: 2405: 2397: 2383: 2379: 2373: 2371: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2333:(in German). 2332: 2328: 2321: 2305: 2298: 2284: 2280: 2274: 2260:on 2024-01-31 2259: 2255: 2248: 2246: 2241: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2214: 2210: 2204: 2196: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2169: 2166: 2164: 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1610: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1583:Nansha Bridge 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1558: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1467: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1427: 1418: 1414: 1405: 1400: 1396: 1387: 1383: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1355:air pollution 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1176: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1100:) located in 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1063:San Francisco 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 998: 997: 993: 990: 987: 984: 982: 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383: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 312: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 280: 274: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 241: 239: 235: 229: 225: 221: 217:13.0 trillion 216: 213: 209: 204: 198: 195: 193: 190: 187: 183: 179: 178: 176: 172: 167: 163: 159: 154: 150: 146: 141: 135: 132: 130: 127: 126: 124: 120: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 70: 68: 64: 60: 56: 49: 44: 37: 30: 22: 9896: 9854: 9844: 8722:Jinggangshan 8370:Zhangjiagang 8224:Heilongjiang 8081:Diaobingshan 7298:Heilongjiang 7255:Other cities 7227: 7217: 6321:Pingdingshan 5822:Shuangyashan 5798:Heilongjiang 5322: 5303:Shijiazhuang 5044:Major cities 4882: 4881: 4846: 4820:Demographics 4812: 4806:Largest SOEs 4552:Urbanization 4261:Central bank 3991:Video gaming 3871:Mobile phone 3565: 3540: 3536: 3530: 3519:. Retrieved 3515: 3505: 3494:. Retrieved 3490: 3481: 3470: 3465: 3449:(2): 55–72. 3446: 3442: 3429: 3418:. Retrieved 3415:Culture Trip 3414: 3404: 3390: 3379:. Retrieved 3376:Bangkok Post 3375: 3349: 3338:. Retrieved 3336:. 2020-09-17 3333: 3324: 3313:. Retrieved 3309: 3300: 3289:. Retrieved 3285: 3276: 3265:. Retrieved 3261: 3252: 3241:. Retrieved 3237: 3227: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3185:. Retrieved 3181: 3160: 3157:ChinaContact 3156: 3129: 3120: 3111: 3070: 3066: 3056: 3045:. Retrieved 3041: 3033: 3009:(16): 2615. 3006: 3002: 2978:. Retrieved 2976:. 2020-04-17 2973: 2964: 2950: 2932: 2918: 2907:. Retrieved 2903: 2876: 2865:. Retrieved 2863:. 2020-05-22 2860: 2851: 2840:. Retrieved 2836: 2812:. Retrieved 2808:the original 2797: 2785:. Retrieved 2779: 2769: 2758:. Retrieved 2754:the original 2749: 2740: 2729:. Retrieved 2725: 2715: 2704:. Retrieved 2700:the original 2695: 2686: 2632:(2): 55–72. 2629: 2625: 2615: 2604:. Retrieved 2600: 2577: 2568: 2557:the original 2548: 2542: 2531:. Retrieved 2529:. 2020-06-21 2526: 2489:. Retrieved 2485: 2461:. Retrieved 2455: 2445: 2434:. Retrieved 2430: 2420: 2409:. Retrieved 2403: 2396: 2385:. Retrieved 2381: 2334: 2330: 2320: 2308:. Retrieved 2297: 2286:. Retrieved 2282: 2273: 2262:. Retrieved 2258:the original 2216: 2206: 2182: 2138:Bocca Tigris 2101:China portal 2081: 2072: 2051: 2034: 2003: 1986: 1979: 1943: 1936: 1921: 1909:Cart noodles 1902: 1859: 1701:Foshan Metro 1684: 1625: 1621: 1598: 1591: 1567:city cluster 1564: 1555: 1528: 1513: 1508: 1476:universities 1473: 1464: 1444: 1433: 1424: 1415: 1411: 1404: 1393: 1384: 1380: 1359:capital flow 1352: 1313: 1309: 1300: 1294: 1288:adjacent to 1259: 1248: 1242: 1236: 1230: 1225: 1221: 1209: 1205: 1193:urbanisation 1177: 1156: 1140: 1137: 1133: 1116: 1114: 1079: 1075: 1028: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 999: 532:Census date 507: 503: 495: 491: 464: 438: 384: 313: 296: 292: 288: 286: 169:Demographics 9988:South China 9827:Tiemenguan* 9740:Qingtongxia 9623:Shangri-La* 9034:Danjiangkou 8307:Wudalianchi 8149:Gongzhuling 7769:by province 7708:Gongzhuling 7541:Shennongjia 6508:Zhangjiajie 5897:Lianyungang 5528:Zhangjiakou 5510:Qinhuangdao 5481:by province 4781:Agriculture 4719:2007 export 4547:Foreign aid 4509:Development 4325:CITIC Group 4266:Other banks 4214:Food safety 3924:Real estate 3864:gold mining 3819:Electronics 3749:Aquaculture 3213:: 422–431. 2581:info.gov.hk 2168:South China 2133:Pearl River 1913:Egg waffles 1771:Zhuhai Tram 1363:information 1348:sustainable 1162:province's 1098:Dove Island 1012:86,100,000 785:GDP (US$ ) 741:2020-08-12 722:2010-11-01 703:2020-11-01 684:2010-11-01 665:2010-11-01 646:2020-11-01 627:2020-11-01 608:2020-06-30 589:2019-11-01 570:2020-11-01 567:12,356,820 564:12,356,820 561:12,356,820 551:2020-11-01 548:14,904,400 545:14,904,400 467:subtropical 380:South China 316:mega cities 309:South China 301:megalopolis 279:dsec.gov.mo 230:CN¥ 150,600 9957:Categories 9769:Alashankou 9439:Dujiangyan 9410:Wuzhishan* 9164:Xiangxiang 9134:Qianjiang* 9069:Zhongxiang 9008:Xiangcheng 8154:Shuangliao 8031:Wafangdian 7970:Manzhouli* 7845:Gaobeidian 7612:Tiemenguan 7398:Shangri-La 7162:Shizuishan 6881:Liupanshui 6550:Guangzhou* 6309:Zhengzhou* 6155:Jingdezhen 5847:Mudanjiang 5756:Changchun* 4786:Bankruptcy 4562:Emigration 4532:Corruption 4246:Accounting 4199:Tax system 4099:Geothermal 3969:Television 3934:Securities 3919:Rare earth 3895:Publishing 3839:Hedge fund 3754:Automotive 3724:Industries 3521:2021-07-27 3516:KPMG China 3496:2020-11-20 3420:2020-11-30 3381:2020-11-15 3340:2021-08-28 3315:2020-11-20 3291:2020-11-15 3267:2023-12-08 3243:2020-11-15 3187:2020-11-20 3073:: 100866. 3047:2020-11-15 3042:www.oav.de 2980:2021-09-24 2909:2020-11-15 2867:2020-11-15 2842:2020-11-15 2814:2020-11-15 2787:7 November 2760:2020-11-15 2731:2020-11-15 2706:2020-11-15 2648:2525727109 2606:2021-09-24 2533:2020-11-20 2491:2020-11-20 2463:2020-11-15 2436:2020-11-15 2411:2020-11-15 2387:2020-11-15 2310:2 February 2288:2024-04-11 2264:2024-01-26 2236:References 2223:Portuguese 1998:Opium Wars 1939:Portuguese 1932:Pork jerky 1892:, eastern 1733:CR C-train 1486:Island in 1344:healthcare 1340:biomedical 1316:smart city 1243:Guangzhou. 1231:Hong Kong. 1201:low-carbon 1129:remittance 1104:district, 1073:combined. 874:10,466,625 817:18,676,605 798:17,560,000 782:GDP (CN¥) 755:65,901,668 752:56,350,214 749:50,850,140 700:1,759,000 697:1,759,000 637:2,913,974 605:7,515,489 602:7,515,489 586:8,396,820 542:10,641,408 424:innovation 197:Portuguese 164:86,100,000 156:Population 9830:Shuanghe* 9718:Delingha* 9606:Jinghong* 9582:Chuxiong* 9578:Tengchong 9506:Kangding* 9489:Langzhong 9454:Chongzhou 9422:Dongfang* 9416:Wenchang* 9413:Qionghai* 9393:Pingxiang 9275:Lianjiang 9237:Guangdong 9214:Hongjiang 9204:Yuanjiang 9179:Changning 9119:Guangshui 9074:Yingcheng 9003:Yongcheng 8875:Rongcheng 8835:Shouguang 8727:Fengcheng 8664:Zhangping 8591:Mingguang 8586:Tianchang 8581:Tongcheng 8538:Jiangshan 8513:Shengzhou 8503:Tongxiang 8430:Jingjiang 8420:Yangzhong 8262:Tongjiang 8101:Xingcheng 8071:Dashiqiao 8051:Fengcheng 8009:Xilinhot* 7979:Zhalantun 7664:Dongchuan 7552:Wuzhishan 7531:Qiánjiang 7294:Jiagedaqi 7158:Yinchuan* 7100:Pingliang 7070:Jiayuguan 7009:Tongchuan 6805:Guangyuan 6785:Panzhihua 6632:Zhongshan 6617:Yangjiang 6582:Zhanjiang 6558:Shenzhen* 6543:Guangdong 6474:Changsha* 6447:Huanggang 6422:Xiangyang 6386:Zhumadian 6361:Sanmenxia 6282:Liaocheng 6227:Zaozhuang 6160:Pingxiang 6151:Nanchang* 6119:Zhangzhou 6080:Xuancheng 6045:Huangshan 6025:Ma'anshan 5944:Hangzhou* 5917:Zhenjiang 5884:Changzhou 5683:Shenyang* 5656:Hulunbuir 5506:Tangshan* 5318:Zhengzhou 5186:Guangzhou 5171:Changchun 5105:Hong Kong 5077:Guangzhou 5072:Chongqing 5007:Guanzhong 4992:Zhongyuan 4883:See also: 4814:The Hongs 4791:Companies 4743:2010 Expo 4133:Transport 4084:Renewable 4067:Oil shale 3799:Container 3769:Aerospace 3557:251641247 3103:235518932 3095:2212-0955 2527:ArchDaily 2069:Languages 2042:Hong Kong 2014:Coca-Cola 2010:Guangzhou 1966:Guangdong 1958:Hong Kong 1924:Egg tarts 1898:Hong Kong 1882:Guangzhou 1862:Silk Road 1531:Guangzhou 1488:Guangzhou 1484:Xiaoguwei 1480:hospitals 1436:Guangzhou 1328:Hong Kong 1320:Guangzhou 1282:Hong Kong 1249:Shenzhen. 1168:Hong 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2750:Arcadis 2352:8052200 1976:History 1948:is the 1894:Guangxi 1856:Culture 1631:Bridges 1371:Humidex 1189:capital 1110:biotech 1102:Huangpu 1031:exports 1007:55,818 988:672,800 886:Huizhou 764:Economy 713:784,642 652:Huizhou 416:Tencent 376:Croatia 352:Huizhou 262:Website 192:English 108:Huizhou 58:Country 9928:Taiwan 9855:(none) 9846:Taiwan 9836:Kunyu* 9809:Altay* 9797:Korgas 9792:Kuytun 9785:Hotan* 9773:Korla* 9761:Fukang 9735:Lingwu 9712:Yushu* 9696:Hezuo* 9666:Huayin 9639:(none) 9568:Anning 9560:Yunnan 9550:Fuquan 9546:Duyun* 9543:Kaili* 9403:Hainan 9388:Heshan 9383:Yizhou 9378:Jingxi 9373:Beiliu 9335:Puning 9325:Yingde 9315:Lufeng 9270:Enping 9265:Heshan 9209:Zixing 9199:Jinshi 9184:Wugang 9159:Liling 9123:Enshi* 9099:Songzi 9094:Honghu 8978:Yuzhou 8958:Weihui 8948:Ruzhou 8943:Wugang 8938:Yanshi 8913:Gongyi 8880:Rushan 8865:Xintai 8775:Pingdu 8742:Dexing 8737:Gao'an 8717:Ruijin 8707:Lushan 8692:Leping 8674:Fuding 8649:Shaowu 8639:Nan'an 8629:Shishi 8614:Fuqing 8606:Fujian 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