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humans, in the absence of directed persecution, species like Sarus Crane maintain territories as small as 5 ha when agricultural crops and landscape conditions are suitable. In contrast, red-crowned crane territories may require 500 hectares, and pairs may defend even larger territories than that, up to several thousand hectares. Territory defence is either acoustic with both birds performing the unison call, or more rarely, physical with attacks usually by the male. Because of this, females are much less likely to retain the territory than males in the event of the death of a partner. Rarely, breeding territorial crane pairs allow a third crane into the territory to form polygynous or polyandrous trios that improves the chances of survival of the pair's chicks. Trios of Sarus cranes were seen largely in marginal habitats and third birds were young suggesting that third cranes would benefit by gaining experience.
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cases, newer pair bonds dissolve (divorce) after unsuccessful breeding attempts. Pairs that are repeatedly successful at breeding remain together for as long as they continue to do so. In a study of sandhill cranes in
Florida, seven of the 22 pairs studied remained together for an 11-year period. Of the pairs that separated, 53% was due to the death of one of the pair, 18% was due to divorce, and the fate of 29% of pairs was unknown. Similar results had been found by acoustic monitoring (sonography/frequency analysis of duet and guard calls) in three breeding areas of common cranes in Germany over 10 years.
1803:
49:
1848:
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1385:, they are territorial and usually remain on their territory all the time. In contrast in the non-breeding season, they tend to be gregarious, forming large flocks to roost, socialize, and in some species feed. Sarus Crane breeding pairs maintain territories throughout the year in south Asia, and non-breeding birds live in flocks that can also be seen throughout the year. Large aggregations of cranes likely increase safety for individual cranes when resting and flying and also increase chances for young unmated birds to meet partners.
410:
1397:. The vocabulary begins soon after hatching with low, purring calls for maintaining contact with their parents, as well as food-begging calls. Other calls used as chicks include alarm calls and "flight intention" calls, both of which are maintained into adulthood. Cranes are noticed the most due to their loud duet calls that can be used to distinguish individual pairs. Sarus crane trios produce synchronized unison calls called "triets" whose structure is identical to duets of normal pairs, but have a lower frequency.
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emergent plants, other molluscs, small fish, eggs of birds and amphibians are also consumed, as well. The exact composition of the diet varies by location, season, and availability. Within the wide range of items consumed, some patterns are suggested but require specific investigation to confirm; the shorter-billed species usually feed in drier uplands, while the longer-billed species feed in wetlands.
3425:
1148:
1299:, occurring across most of the world continents. They are absent from Antarctica and, mysteriously, South America. East Asia has the highest crane diversity, with eight species, followed by Africa, which is home to five resident species and wintering populations of a sixth. Australia, Europe, and North America have two regularly occurring species each. Of the four crane genera,
1327:
breeding season. Even the demoiselle crane and blue crane, which may nest and feed in grasslands (or even arid grasslands or deserts), require wetlands for roosting at night. The Sarus Crane in south Asia is unique in having a significant breeding population using agricultural fields to breed in areas alongside very high density of humans and
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coincide with the wet or monsoon seasons. Artificial sources of water such as irrigation canals and irregular rainfall can sometimes provide adequate moisture to maintain wetland habitat outside the normal wet season, and allows for occasional aseasonal nesting throughout the year in few tropical species.
1441:
on sedge meadows, and the last two species also feed on the agricultural fields along with the common cranes. In
Australia, where Sarus Cranes live alongside Brolgas, they have different diets: Sarus Cranes' diet consisted of diverse vegetation, while Brolga diet spanned a much wider range of trophic
1421:
Cranes employ different foraging techniques for different food types and in different habitats. Tubers and rhizomes are dug for and a crane digging for them remains in place for some time digging and then expanding a hole to prise them out of the soil. In contrast both to this and the stationary wait
1475:
Territory sizes also vary depending on location. Tropical species can maintain very small territories, for example sarus cranes in India can breed on territories as small as one hectare where the area is of sufficient quality and disturbance by humans is minimal. Even in areas with a high density of
1471:
Cranes are territorial and generally seasonal breeders. Seasonality varies both between and within species, depending on local conditions. Migratory species begin breeding upon reaching their summer breeding grounds, between April and June. The breeding season of tropical species is usually timed to
1467:
Cranes are perennially monogamous breeders, establishing long-term pair bonds that may last the lifetime of the birds. Pair bonds begin to form in the second or third years of life, but several years pass before the first successful breeding season. Initial breeding attempts often fail, and in many
348:
tend to have more white in their plumage than do species that inhabit smaller wetlands or forested habitats, which tend to be more grey. These white species are also generally larger. The smaller size and colour of the forest species is thought to help them maintain a less conspicuous profile while
1326:
Many species of cranes are dependent on wetlands and grasslands, and most species nest in shallow wetlands. Some species nest in wetlands, but move their chicks up onto grasslands or uplands to feed (while returning to wetlands at night), whereas others remain in wetlands for the entirety of the
1417:
The cranes consume a wide range of food, both animal and plant matter. When feeding on land, they consume seeds, leaves, nuts and acorns, berries, fruit, insects, worms, snails, small reptiles, mammals, and birds. In wetlands and agriculture fields, roots, rhizomes, tubers, and other parts of
1446:
strategy to recover from temporary reductions in feeding rate, particularly when the rate is below the threshold of intake necessary for survival. Accumulated intake of during daytime shows a typical anti-sigmoid shape, with greatest increases of intake after dawn and before dusk.
292:
of two eggs at a time. Both parents help to rear the young, which remain with them until the next breeding season. Most species of cranes have been affected by human activities and are at the least classified as threatened, if not critically endangered. The plight of the
337:, which can weigh 12 kg (26 lb) prior to migrating. They are long-legged and long-necked birds with streamlined bodies and large, rounded wings. The males and females do not vary in external appearance, but males tend to be slightly larger than females.
1346:, traveling thousands of kilometres each year from their breeding sites. A few species like Sarus Cranes have both migratory and sedentary populations, and healthy sedentary populations have a large proportion of cranes that are not territorial, breeding pairs.
1331:, largely due to the positive attitudes of farmers towards the cranes. In Australia, the Brolga occurs in the breeding areas of Sarus Cranes in Queensland state, and they achieve sympatry by using different habitats. Sarus Cranes in Queensland largely live in
1641:
and the cranes, a thief attacked Ibycus (a poet of the sixth century BCE) and left him for dead. Ibycus called to a flock of passing cranes, which followed the attacker to a theater and hovered over him until, stricken with guilt, he confessed to the crime.
1533:: The geese and the cranes were feeding in the same meadow, when a birdcatcher came to ensnare them in his nets. The cranes, being light of wing, fled away at his approach, while the geese, being slower of flight and heavier in their bodies, were captured.
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and knowing she was dying, she undertook to make a thousand origami cranes before her death at the age of 12. After her death, she became internationally recognised as a symbol of the innocent victims of war and remains a heroine to many
Japanese girls.
1648:
wrote that cranes would appoint one of their number to stand guard while they slept. The sentry would hold a stone in its claw, so that if it fell asleep, it would drop the stone and waken. A crane holding a stone in its claw is a well-known symbol in
260:
over long distances; others do not migrate at all. Cranes are solitary during the breeding season, occurring in pairs, but during the nonbreeding season, most species are gregarious, forming large flocks where their numbers are sufficient.
1701:) to soldiers of any group in the army (janissaries, sipahis, etc.) who performed heroically during a battle. Soldiers would attach this feather to their caps or headgear which would give them some sort of a rank among their peers.
1902:
1677:. Battles between cranes and dwarf peoples, or geranomachy, is a widespread motif of antiquity and come from China and Arabia at least from the fifth century. Aristotle describes as untruthful an account that the crane carries a
1824:
1537:
The cranes' beauty and spectacular mating dances have made them highly symbolic birds in many cultures with records dating back to ancient times. Crane mythology can be found in cultures around the world, from India to the
1917:
1335:-dominated riverine, while most Brolgas use non-wooded regional ecosystems that include vast grassland habitats. The only two species that do not always roost in wetlands are the two African crowned cranes (
1802:
391:, whereas the trachea of the other species is longer and penetrates the sternum. In some species, the entire sternum is fused to the bony plates of the trachea, and this helps amplify the crane's
2779:
2854:
2295:
Clements, J.F.; Rasmussen, P.C.; Schulenberg, T.S.; Iliff, M.J.; Fredericks, T.A.; Gerbracht, J.A.; Lepage, D.; Spencer, A.; Billerman, S.M.; Sullivan, B.L.; Wood, C.L. (2023).
239:
on the wing that project over the tail. Most species have muted gray or white plumages, marked with black, and red bare patches on the face, but the crowned cranes of the genus
245:
have vibrantly-coloured wings and golden "crowns" of feathers. Cranes fly with their necks extended outwards instead of bent into an S-shape and their long legs outstretched.
380:
Most species of cranes and change the intensity of colour. Feathers on the head can be moved and erected in the blue, wattled, and demoiselle cranes for signaling, as well.
1784:
1422:
and watch hunting methods employed by many herons, they forage for insects and animal prey by slowly moving forwards with their heads lowered and probing with their bills.
1847:
1880:
2187:
Gaunt, Abbot; Sandra L. L. Gaunt; Henry D. Prange; Jeremy S. Wasser (1987). "The effects of tracheal coiling on the vocalizations of cranes (Aves; Gruidae)".
2457:
2458:"Effectiveness of road transects and wetland visits for surveying Black-necked Storks Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus and Sarus Cranes Grus antigone in India"
264:
They are opportunistic feeders that change their diets according to the season and their own nutrient requirements. They eat a range of items from small
1739:) and symbolizes good fortune and longevity because of its fabled life span of a thousand years. The crane is one of the subjects in the tradition of
3090:
1684:
Greek and Roman myths often portrayed the dance of cranes as a love of joy and a celebration of life, and the crane was often associated with both
1138:, a lineage of flightless birds; as predicted by the fossil record of true cranes, eogruids were native to the Old World. A species of true crane,
1425:
Where more than one species of cranes exists in a locality, each species adopts separate niches to minimise competition. At one important lake in
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136:
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2780:"The Role of Artificial Habitats and Rainfall Patterns in the Unseasonal Nesting of Sarus Cranes (Antigone antigone) in South Asia"
2753:
2412:
Sundar, K.S. Gopi; Grant, John D.A.; Veltheim, Inka; Kittur, Swati; Brandis, Kate; McCarthy, Michael A.; Scambler, Elinor (2018).
3631:
2130:
Archibald, George; Meine, Curt (1996). "Family
Gruidae (Cranes)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (eds.).
428:
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2237:
2171:
1716:, several styles of kung fu take inspiration from the movements of cranes in the wild, the most famous of these styles being
3636:
2612:
1455:
2189:
2413:
2132:
506:, while the sandhill crane, the white-naped crane, the sarus crane, and the brolga were moved to the resurrected genus
1865:
3132:
2146:
2069:
3706:
3571:
1271:
2727:
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3584:
1513:
1369:
2319:"A new genus of crane (Aves: Gruiformes) from the Late Tertiary of the Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean"
1405:
3644:
1490:
325:
Cranes are very large birds, often considered the world's tallest flying birds. They range in size from the
1521:(13th century) of the legend of the vigilant cranes: At night, cranes take turns keeping watch for enemies.
1794:
1365:) in Israel: Many species of crane gather in large groups during migration and on their wintering grounds.
1342:
Some crane species are sedentary, remaining in the same area throughout the year, while others are highly
1126:, although no fossil record exists from there. On the other hand, it is peculiar that numerous fossils of
3514:
3501:
2023:
1831:
3519:
3415:
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2318:
1974:
1853:
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were believed to be the three chief goddesses of Mecca, they were called the "three exalted cranes" (
1507:
1296:
387:. In the two crowned cranes, the trachea is shorter and only slightly impressed upon the bone of the
2673:"Factors influencing daily food intake patterns in birds: a case study with wintering common cranes"
1765:, the crane came to symbolize peace and the innocent victims of war through the story of schoolgirl
74:
2931:
2515:
2166:. Gland, Switzerland ; Cambridge: Intern. Union for Conserv. of Nature and Natural Resources.
357:) also daub their feathers with mud which some observers suspect helps them to hide while nesting.
2516:"Sarus Crane Antigone antigone trios and their triets: Discovery of a novel social unit in cranes"
2414:"Sympatric cranes in northern Australia: abundance, breeding success, habitat preference and diet"
1499:
2971:"Myth and Reality in the Battle between the Pygmies and the Cranes in the Greek and Roman Worlds"
1746:
1695:
In pre-modern
Ottoman Empire, sultans would sometimes present a piece of crane feather (Turkish:
1605:
151:
17:
3698:
3441:
3110:
2138:
2085:
540:
479:
31:
2932:"The Battle of the Pygmies and the Cranes in Chinese, Arab, and North American Indian Sources"
3693:
3623:
3125:
2909:
3685:
3010:
2970:
2754:"Acoustic individual monitoring over several years (mainly Common Crane and Whooping Crane)"
3540:
3488:
2527:
2296:
1106:
record of cranes is incomplete. Apparently, the subfamilies were well distinct by the Late
3033:
Rami Mehmed Paşa, Münşeat, p. 141b. Flügel
Catalogue, H.O. 179, Austrian National Library.
2817:
Leslie, J. (1998). "A bird bereaved: The identity and significance of
Valmiki's kraunca".
48:
8:
3186:
2896:
1978:
1276:
595:
2757:
2570:
2531:
2019:"Are Rice Paddies Suboptimal Breeding Habitat for Sarus Cranes in Uttar Pradesh, India?"
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2799:
2705:
2653:
2582:
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2465:
2435:
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2042:
1665:
1247:(Late Oligocene? – Middle Pliocene of Florida, US, France?, Moldavia and Mongolia) – A
1006:
575:
413:
384:
365:
302:
236:
69:
2186:
1579:
couplet by the pathos of seeing a male sarus crane shot while dancing with its mate.
1122:?) Old World origin. The extant diversity at the genus level is centered on (eastern)
1118:
of known fossil and the living taxa of cranes suggests that the group is probably of (
3680:
3527:
3479:
3322:
3267:
2992:
2951:
2888:
2875:
2838:
2645:
2586:
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2439:
2340:
2336:
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2233:
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2142:
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depicts a sleeping crane still in vigilance and holding the rock in its raised claw.
1543:
1530:
1434:
1394:
1328:
1140:
905:
700:
432:
392:
334:
2803:
2709:
2657:
2210:
1923:
Brass Crane
Perched on a Tortoise, c. 1800–1894, from the Oxford College Archive of
1291:: Central Asian populations of this species migrate to Northern India in the winter.
409:
3734:
3532:
3382:
3248:
3153:
3118:
3094:
2982:
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2687:
2635:
2627:
2578:
2535:
2427:
2383:
2374:
2332:
2277:
2266:"Mitochondrial genome sequences and the phylogeny of cranes (Gruiformes: Gruidae)"
2229:
2198:
2032:
1924:
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1426:
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508:
326:
213:
198:
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1982:
1894:
1732:
1731:
In Japan, the crane is one of the mystical or holy creatures (others include the
1728:
style of fighting. Crane movements are well known for their fluidity and grace.
1645:
1382:
1154:
is an extinct lineage of mostly flightless stem-cranes. Pictured is the two-toed
659:
205:
3649:
3493:
1745:, or paper folding. An ancient Japanese legend promises that anyone who folds a
3579:
3566:
3506:
3403:
3332:
3257:
3232:
3078:
3060:
2852:
Hammer, Niels (2009). "Why Sārus Cranes epitomize Karuṇarasa in the Rāmāyaṇa".
2323:
1654:
1618:
1609:
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1343:
932:
673:
634:
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404:
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318:
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257:
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56:
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1811:, 1759, by Shen Quan (1682—1760), hanging scroll, ink and colour on silk, the
1354:
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2018:
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1812:
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1709:
1670:
1127:
813:
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298:
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253:
1835:
333:, which can be up to 176 cm (69 in), although the heaviest is the
3464:
3429:
3352:
3342:
3303:
2631:
2547:
2281:
1857:
1762:
1725:
1653:, and is known as a crane in its vigilance. Notably, however, the crest of
1495:
1438:
1358:
1249:
1115:
986:
959:
792:
491:
487:
448:
444:
350:
235:. They are large birds with long necks and legs, a tapering form, and long
231:
168:
2910:"The Internet Classics Archive | The History of Animals by Aristotle"
2649:
1525:
3605:
3473:
3277:
2795:
2571:"Revisiting the Historic Distribution and Habitats of the Whooping Crane"
1754:
747:
421:
369:
330:
3056:
individual recognition of cranes using frequency analysis of their calls
1750:
288:. Cranes construct platform nests in shallow water, and typically lay a
3372:
3149:
2987:
2700:
2640:
2395:
2202:
1947:
1689:
1634:
1539:
1378:
1164:
Fossil genera are tentatively assigned to the present-day subfamilies:
1130:
are documented from there; these birds presumably shared much of their
1111:
840:
543:
study by Carey
Krajewski and collaborators that was published in 2010.
521:
249:
208:
160:
126:
1381:
birds that vary in their sociality by season and location. During the
313:
3553:
3177:
3098:
2539:
1757:
performed a crane dance that was captured in 1908 in a photograph by
1717:
1705:
1660:
1628:
1559:
1151:
1135:
561:
536:
499:
273:
241:
219:
86:
3597:
3435:
2387:
1587:
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levels. Some crane species such as the Common/ Eurasian crane use a
3558:
3458:
2855:
Journal of the Royal
Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland
1770:
1650:
1566:
1529:
A 1909 illustration of the fable of the geese and the cranes, from
1288:
1119:
345:
106:
3610:
2364:
1637:, or hardy geranium. The crane was a bird of omen. In the tale of
1595:
1575:
383:
Also important to communication is the position and length of the
321:
can change colour or even expand in area when the bird is excited.
2294:
2092:. Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum (The Chicago Academy of Sciences)
1839:
1816:
1741:
1721:
1570:
1131:
550:
471:
388:
341:
3140:
3287:
3045:
1685:
1638:
1178:(Middle Eocene of Germany and Italy – Middle Miocene of France)
1123:
1107:
1103:
727:
360:
281:
277:
265:
96:
1856:
fighting cranes in northern Sweden, a 16th-century drawing by
3545:
2778:
Sundar, K.S. Gopi; Yaseen, Mohammed; Kathju, Kandarp (2018).
1942:
1937:
1713:
1681:
inside it that can be used to test for gold when vomited up.
1622:
1583:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1147:
475:
460:
285:
2310:
211:. The family has 15 species placed in four genera which are
2569:
Austin, Jane E.; Hayes, Matthew A.; Barzen, Jeb A. (2019),
2488:
2297:"The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2023"
1674:
1591:
1503:
1307:(one species) is restricted to Asia; the other two genera,
344:
of cranes varies by habitat. Species inhabiting vast, open
329:, which measures 90 cm (35 in) in length, to the
269:
194:
116:
30:
This article is about the bird family. For other uses, see
2728:"The Significance of Mate Loss in Florida Sandhill Cranes"
2263:
1983:"Flufftails, finfoots, rails, trumpeters, cranes, limpkin"
1614:
for the best-known story regarding these three goddesses.
2411:
1134:
with cranes back then already. Cranes are sister taxa to
2367:"A New Species of Crane from the Pliocene of California"
1261:(Sheep Creek Middle Miocene of Snake Creek Quarries, US)
1198:(Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Contra Costa County, US)
2514:
Roy, Suhridam; Kittur, Swati; Sundar, K S Gopi (2022).
2264:
Krajewski, C.; Sipiorski, J.T.; Anderson, F.E. (2010).
2897:
https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxduoft
2164:
The cranes: status survey and conservation action plan
1114:). The present genera are apparently some 20 mya old.
447:, this genus name is obtained from the epithet of the
248:
Cranes live on most continents, with the exception of
3413:
1393:
Cranes are highly vocal and have several specialized
2610:
2060:
Archibald, George W. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
2059:
1973:
1599:
2613:"Foraging site displacement in common crane flocks"
2611:Bautista, L.M.; Alonso, J.C.; Alonso, J.A. (1998).
1213:(Hordwell Late Eocene – Early Oligocene of England)
1144:, has similarly become flightless and ratite-like.
512:. Some authorities recognize the additional genera
2777:
2162:Meine, Curt D.; Archibald, Georg W., eds. (1996).
1830:The "Turtle Carrying Crane on its Back" statue in
2568:
395:, allowing them to carry for several kilometres.
3726:
2086:"Species at Risk - Conserving Endangered Cranes"
1769:and her thousand origami cranes. Suffering from
1604:, an obscure word on which 'crane' is the usual
1339:), which are the only cranes to roost in trees.
2513:
1909:Tortoise Has New Year's Dream of Crane and Pine
1749:will be granted a wish by a crane. In northern
1433:feed on the mudflats and in shallow water, the
1239:(Ferghana Late? Eocene of Ferghana, Uzbekistan)
2968:
2670:
2161:
2129:
368:that produces the trumpeting calls of cranes (
3126:
2365:Miller, Alden H.; Sibley, Charles G. (1942).
1696:
1479:
482:study published in 2010 found that the genus
443:The family name Gruidae comes from the genus
2664:
2604:
297:of North America inspired some of the first
2259:
2257:
2064:. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 95–96.
1303:(two species) is restricted to Africa, and
1265:
490:. In the resulting rearrangement to create
398:
3133:
3119:
2721:
2719:
1793:, 18th century, by Mitsusuke (1675–1710),
1704:Throughout Asia, the crane is a symbol of
1388:
47:
2986:
2895:, T.C. and E.C. Jack, London, 1909, 247,
2699:
2639:
2575:Whooping Cranes: Biology and Conservation
2036:
1669:, adding an account of their fights with
1663:describes the migration of cranes in the
1373:Cranes in spring in Mecklenburg (Germany)
256:. Some species and populations of cranes
3174:
2751:
2745:
2254:
2226:Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1673:as they wintered near the source of the
1524:
1512:
1489:
1454:
1404:
1368:
1353:
1349:
1275:
1192:(Late Miocene of Menorca, Mediterranean)
1146:
427:
408:
359:
312:
2969:Ovadiah, Asher; Mucznik, Sonia (1970).
2725:
2716:
2223:
1517:Illustration in the English manuscript
1494:"Odlot żurawi" ("Departure of Cranes")
1186:(Early Pliocene of Eppelsheim, Germany)
317:The bare area of skin on the face of a
14:
3727:
2929:
2882:
2851:
2816:
2455:
2358:
2180:
2016:
3740:Taxa named by Nicholas Aylward Vigors
3440:
3439:
3114:
2671:Bautista, L.M.; Alonso, J.C. (2013).
2509:
2507:
2505:
2451:
2449:
2407:
2405:
2316:
2137:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp.
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
1989:. International Ornithologists' Union
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1506:, 44 cm (17.3 in) x 58 cm (22.8 in),
3673:b34d0e7c-3287-4a18-9eb8-4c77585114a8
3585:2f536f50-4a87-4320-a887-faeab44c6827
3051:Craneworld website, mainly in German
3011:"Aristotle: History of Animals VIII"
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2975:Gerión. Revista de Historia Antigua
2190:Journal of Comparative Physiology A
349:nesting; two of these species (the
24:
3402:15 living species in four genera (
3091:Crane Dance at the Tongdosa Temple
2583:10.1016/b978-0-12-803555-9.00003-7
2502:
2446:
2402:
2133:Handbook of the Birds of the World
2104:
2053:
1960:
27:Family of large, long-legged birds
25:
3751:
3084:
3039:
2354:– via Wiley Online Library.
2001:
1203:Sometimes considered Balearicinae
3423:
2337:10.1046/j.1474-919X.2002.00074.x
2317:Seguí, Bartomeu (20 June 2007).
1916:
1901:
1879:
1864:
1846:
1823:
1801:
1783:
1573:was inspired to write the first
1272:List of Gruiformes by population
197:with long legs and necks in the
73:
3063:on the Internet Bird Collection
3027:
3003:
2962:
2923:
2902:
2845:
2810:
2771:
2756:. Craneworld.de. Archived from
2562:
2487:. craneworld.de. Archived from
2477:
2288:
2062:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
1950:, relatives of the crane family
1775:the atomic bombing of Hiroshima
1724:(tiger crane), and the Shaolin
1409:A pair of black-necked cranes (
2217:
2155:
2078:
1911:, around 1850, Brooklyn Museum
308:
13:
1:
2948:10.1080/0015587X.1975.9716009
2432:10.1080/01584197.2018.1537673
1954:
1226:Sometimes considered Gruidae
498:was moved to the resurrected
474:of cranes are placed in four
2893:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
2819:Journal of Indian Philosophy
2726:Nesbitt, Stephen A. (1989).
2577:, Elsevier, pp. 25–88,
1987:World Bird List Version 13.2
1629:
1437:on the wetland borders, the
1097:
7:
3046:Saving Cranes website (ICF)
2135:. Volume 3, Hoatzin to Auks
2024:Ornithological Applications
1931:
1600:
1450:
10:
3756:
2456:Sundar, K.S. Gopi (2006).
2224:Jobling, James A. (2010).
2017:Sundar, K.S. Gopi (2009).
1834:(Temple of Literature) in
1623:
1486:Crane in Chinese mythology
1483:
1480:In mythology and symbolism
1400:
1269:
1221:(Late Oligocene of France)
402:
29:
3448:
3400:
3301:
3246:
3223:
3214:
3165:
2868:10.1017/S1356186308009334
1795:National Museum in Kraków
1586:, in pre-Islamic Arabia,
1508:National Museum in Cracow
1297:cosmopolitan distribution
1004:
984:
977:
957:
950:
930:
923:
903:
896:
858:
838:
831:
811:
804:
797:
745:
725:
718:
698:
691:
671:
664:
652:
639:Leucogeranus leucogeranus
632:
622:
593:
573:
566:
554:
181:
176:
166:
159:
70:Scientific classification
68:
55:
46:
41:
2692:10.1525/cond.2013.120080
2090:Project Passenger Pigeon
2038:10.1525/cond.2009.080032
1266:Distribution and habitat
399:Taxonomy and systematics
2831:10.1023/A:1004335910775
1747:thousand origami cranes
1562:, and North America.
1389:Calls and communication
1323:, are both widespread.
486:, as then defined, was
301:legislation to protect
2632:10.1006/anbe.1998.0882
2282:10.1525/auk.2009.09045
1697:
1633:), which gives us the
1534:
1522:
1510:
1464:
1414:
1374:
1366:
1292:
1161:
541:molecular phylogenetic
480:molecular phylogenetic
440:
425:
377:
322:
32:Crane (disambiguation)
3694:Paleobiology Database
3067:Crane sounds overview
3015:penelope.uchicago.edu
2930:Scobie, Alex (1975).
2752:Wessling, B. (2003).
1809:Pine, Plum and Cranes
1528:
1516:
1493:
1484:Further information:
1458:
1408:
1372:
1357:
1350:Behaviour and ecology
1279:
1150:
431:
412:
363:
316:
3580:Fauna Europaea (new)
3074:Cranes of the World,
2796:10.1675/063.041.0111
193:are a type of large
3345:or Eurasian crane (
3187:Black crowned crane
2532:2022Ecol..103E3707R
1753:, the women of the
678:Antigone canadensis
596:Black crowned crane
418:Balearica regulorum
62:Antigone canadensis
3363:Black-necked crane
3197:Grey crowned crane
2988:10.5209/GERI.56960
2912:. Classics.mit.edu
2858:. (Third Series).
2203:10.1007/BF00609454
1977:; Donsker, David;
1666:History of Animals
1611:The Satanic Verses
1535:
1523:
1511:
1465:
1435:white-naped cranes
1415:
1375:
1367:
1295:The cranes have a
1293:
1162:
1007:Black-necked crane
732:Antigone rubicunda
600:Balearica pavonina
576:Grey crowned crane
441:
433:Red-crowned cranes
426:
420:) in captivity at
414:Grey crowned crane
378:
323:
303:endangered species
237:secondary feathers
3722:
3721:
3681:Open Tree of Life
3442:Taxon identifiers
3411:
3410:
3396:
3395:
3323:Red-crowned crane
3268:White-naped crane
3210:
3209:
3069:on xeno-canto.org
2889:Arthur Fox-Davies
2592:978-0-12-803555-9
2239:978-1-4081-3326-2
2173:978-2-8317-0326-8
1979:Rasmussen, Pamela
1871:Cranes folded in
1463:) pair displaying
1329:intensive farming
1281:Demoiselle cranes
1141:Antigone cubensis
1094:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1021:
906:Red-crowned crane
885:
884:
876:
875:
781:
780:
772:
771:
763:
762:
752:Antigone antigone
701:White-naped crane
611:
610:
580:Balearica regorum
467:meaning "crane".
455:, it is named by
374:Antigone antigone
335:red-crowned crane
268:, eggs of birds,
199:biological family
188:
187:
155:
16:(Redirected from
3747:
3715:
3714:
3702:
3701:
3689:
3688:
3676:
3675:
3666:
3665:
3653:
3652:
3650:NBNSYS0000160088
3640:
3639:
3627:
3626:
3614:
3613:
3601:
3600:
3588:
3587:
3575:
3574:
3562:
3561:
3549:
3548:
3536:
3535:
3523:
3522:
3510:
3509:
3497:
3496:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3437:
3436:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3419:
3383:Demoiselle crane
3221:
3220:
3217:(typical cranes)
3172:
3171:
3168:(crowned cranes)
3135:
3128:
3121:
3112:
3111:
3034:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2990:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2906:
2900:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2713:
2703:
2677:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2643:
2626:(5): 1237–1243.
2620:Animal Behaviour
2617:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2540:10.1002/ecy.3707
2511:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2443:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2371:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2230:Christopher Helm
2221:
2215:
2214:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2127:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2040:
2014:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1971:
1925:Emory University
1920:
1905:
1893:, 19th century.
1891:Cranes and Pines
1883:
1868:
1850:
1827:
1805:
1787:
1700:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1603:
1500:Józef Chełmoński
1427:Jiangxi Province
1411:Grus nigricollis
1011:Grus nigricollis
980:
979:
953:
952:
926:
925:
899:
898:
861:Demoiselle crane
834:
833:
818:Grus carunculata
807:
806:
800:
799:
721:
720:
694:
693:
667:
666:
655:
654:
625:
624:
569:
568:
557:
556:
547:
546:
518:demoiselle crane
364:The long coiled
327:demoiselle crane
150:
78:
77:
51:
39:
38:
21:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3710:
3705:
3697:
3692:
3684:
3679:
3671:
3669:
3661:
3656:
3648:
3643:
3635:
3630:
3622:
3617:
3609:
3604:
3596:
3591:
3583:
3578:
3570:
3565:
3557:
3552:
3544:
3539:
3531:
3526:
3518:
3513:
3505:
3500:
3492:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3444:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3404:List of species
3392:
3297:
3242:
3237:L. leucogeranus
3216:
3206:
3175:
3167:
3161:
3139:
3105:Thousand Cranes
3087:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3019:
3017:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2967:
2963:
2928:
2924:
2915:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2887:
2883:
2850:
2846:
2815:
2811:
2776:
2772:
2763:
2761:
2750:
2746:
2735:Wilson Bulletin
2730:
2724:
2717:
2675:
2669:
2665:
2615:
2609:
2605:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2567:
2563:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2492:
2485:"craneworld.de"
2483:
2482:
2478:
2460:
2454:
2447:
2410:
2403:
2388:10.2307/1364260
2369:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2262:
2255:
2240:
2232:. p. 179.
2222:
2218:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2128:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2058:
2054:
2015:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1981:, eds. (2023).
1972:
1961:
1957:
1934:
1927:
1921:
1912:
1906:
1897:
1895:Brooklyn Museum
1884:
1875:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1828:
1819:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1773:as a result of
1646:Pliny the Elder
1519:Harley Bestiary
1488:
1482:
1453:
1444:kleptoparasitic
1431:Siberian cranes
1403:
1391:
1383:breeding season
1377:The cranes are
1352:
1274:
1268:
1196:"Grus" conferta
1100:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1023:
910:Grus japonensis
886:
877:
782:
773:
764:
612:
437:Grus japonensis
407:
401:
355:sandhill cranes
311:
295:whooping cranes
172:
149:
72:
59:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3753:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3703:
3690:
3677:
3667:
3654:
3641:
3628:
3615:
3602:
3589:
3576:
3567:Fauna Europaea
3563:
3550:
3537:
3524:
3511:
3498:
3485:
3470:
3454:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3433:
3432:
3409:
3408:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3370:
3367:G. nigricollis
3360:
3350:
3340:
3333:Whooping crane
3330:
3320:
3317:G. carunculata
3309:
3307:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3275:
3265:
3258:Sandhill crane
3254:
3252:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3233:Siberian crane
3229:
3227:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3194:
3183:
3181:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3102:
3086:
3085:Myths and lore
3083:
3082:
3081:
3079:Paul Johnsgard
3070:
3064:
3061:Gruidae videos
3058:
3053:
3048:
3041:
3040:External links
3038:
3036:
3035:
3026:
3002:
2981:(1): 151–166.
2961:
2942:(2): 122–132.
2922:
2901:
2881:
2862:(2): 187–211.
2844:
2825:(5): 455–487.
2809:
2770:
2744:
2715:
2663:
2603:
2591:
2561:
2501:
2476:
2445:
2401:
2382:(3): 126–127.
2357:
2331:(3): 411–422.
2309:
2287:
2276:(2): 440–452.
2253:
2238:
2228:. London, UK:
2216:
2179:
2172:
2154:
2147:
2103:
2077:
2070:
2052:
2031:(4): 611–623.
2000:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1915:
1913:
1907:
1900:
1898:
1885:
1878:
1876:
1870:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1845:
1843:
1829:
1822:
1820:
1807:
1800:
1798:
1789:
1782:
1655:Clan Cranstoun
1531:Aesop's Fables
1481:
1478:
1461:Grus paradisea
1452:
1449:
1429:in China, the
1402:
1399:
1390:
1387:
1351:
1348:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1254:
1240:
1228:incertae sedis
1223:
1222:
1214:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1179:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
983:
978:
976:
973:
972:
969:
968:
956:
951:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
937:Grus americana
933:Whooping crane
929:
924:
922:
919:
918:
915:
914:
902:
897:
895:
892:
891:
888:
887:
883:
882:
879:
878:
874:
873:
870:
869:
857:
854:
853:
850:
849:
845:Grus paradisea
837:
832:
830:
827:
826:
823:
822:
810:
805:
803:
798:
796:
788:
787:
784:
783:
779:
778:
775:
774:
770:
769:
766:
765:
761:
760:
757:
756:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
724:
719:
717:
714:
713:
710:
709:
705:Antigone vipio
697:
692:
690:
687:
686:
683:
682:
674:Sandhill crane
670:
665:
663:
653:
651:
648:
647:
644:
643:
635:Siberian crane
631:
623:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
609:
608:
605:
604:
592:
589:
588:
585:
584:
572:
567:
565:
555:
553:
545:
539:is based on a
535:The following
496:Siberian crane
470:The 15 living
405:List of cranes
400:
397:
319:sandhill crane
310:
307:
186:
185:
179:
178:
174:
173:
164:
163:
157:
156:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
57:sandhill crane
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3752:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3431:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3405:
3399:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3327:G. japonensis
3324:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3313:Wattled crane
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3262:A. canadensis
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3213:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3179:
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3164:
3159:
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3147:
3143:
3136:
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3117:
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3096:
3092:
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3044:
3043:
3030:
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2828:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2760:on 2015-09-23
2759:
2755:
2748:
2741:(4): 648–651.
2740:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2720:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
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2667:
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2655:
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2647:
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2614:
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2549:
2545:
2541:
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2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2491:on 2012-07-20
2490:
2486:
2480:
2472:
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2459:
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2450:
2441:
2437:
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2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2150:
2148:84-87334-20-2
2144:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2073:
2071:1-85391-186-0
2067:
2063:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
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1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1926:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1873:origami paper
1867:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1813:Palace Museum
1810:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1767:Sadako Sasaki
1764:
1760:
1759:Arnold Genthe
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1710:eternal youth
1707:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1621:for crane is
1620:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1577:
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1501:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1439:hooded cranes
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1407:
1398:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1364:
1360:
1359:Common cranes
1356:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
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1197:
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1188:
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1177:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:Ciconiiformes
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1014:
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1008:
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1001:
998:
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994:
992:
988:
982:
981:
975:
974:
971:
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967:
965:
961:
955:
954:
948:
947:
944:
943:
940:
938:
934:
928:
927:
921:
920:
917:
916:
913:
911:
907:
901:
900:
894:
893:
890:
889:
881:
880:
872:
871:
868:
866:
862:
856:
855:
852:
851:
848:
846:
842:
836:
835:
829:
828:
825:
824:
821:
819:
815:
814:Wattled crane
809:
808:
802:
801:
795:
794:
790:
789:
786:
785:
777:
776:
768:
767:
759:
758:
755:
753:
749:
743:
742:
739:
738:
735:
733:
729:
723:
722:
716:
715:
712:
711:
708:
706:
702:
696:
695:
689:
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684:
681:
679:
675:
669:
668:
662:
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650:
649:
646:
645:
642:
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636:
630:
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619:
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586:
583:
581:
577:
571:
570:
564:
563:
559:
558:
552:
549:
548:
544:
542:
538:
533:
531:
530:wattled crane
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
510:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
468:
466:
462:
458:
457:Carl Linnaeus
454:
450:
446:
438:
434:
430:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
396:
394:
390:
386:
381:
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371:
367:
362:
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328:
320:
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306:
304:
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296:
291:
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279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
259:
255:
254:South America
251:
246:
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233:
228:
227:
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216:
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210:
207:
203:
200:
196:
192:
184:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
162:
158:
153:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
133:Superfamily:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
63:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3449:
3386:
3377:G. paradisea
3376:
3366:
3356:
3353:Hooded crane
3346:
3343:Common crane
3337:G. americana
3336:
3326:
3316:
3302:
3292:A. rubicunda
3291:
3281:
3271:
3261:
3247:
3236:
3225:Leucogeranus
3224:
3201:B. regulorum
3200:
3190:
3176:
3166:Balearicinae
3157:
3141:
3073:
3029:
3018:. Retrieved
3014:
3005:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2914:. Retrieved
2904:
2892:
2884:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2790:(1): 80–86.
2787:
2783:
2773:
2762:. Retrieved
2758:the original
2747:
2738:
2734:
2683:
2679:
2666:
2623:
2619:
2606:
2596:, retrieved
2574:
2564:
2526:(6): e3707.
2523:
2519:
2493:. Retrieved
2489:the original
2479:
2470:
2464:
2426:(1): 79–89.
2423:
2417:
2379:
2373:
2360:
2348:. Retrieved
2328:
2322:
2312:
2300:. Retrieved
2290:
2273:
2269:
2225:
2219:
2197:(1): 43–58.
2194:
2188:
2182:
2163:
2157:
2131:
2094:. Retrieved
2089:
2080:
2061:
2055:
2028:
2022:
1993:30 September
1991:. Retrieved
1986:
1908:
1890:
1886:
1858:Olaus Magnus
1808:
1790:
1763:World War II
1740:
1730:
1726:Five Animals
1703:
1694:
1683:
1664:
1659:
1644:
1616:
1610:
1581:
1574:
1564:
1536:
1518:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1459:Blue crane (
1424:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1392:
1376:
1362:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1313:Anthropoides
1312:
1308:
1305:Leucogeranus
1304:
1300:
1294:
1284:
1256:
1250:nomen dubium
1248:
1244:Probalearica
1242:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1216:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1155:
1139:
1116:Biogeography
1101:
1010:
1005:
991:Grus monacha
990:
987:Hooded crane
985:
963:
960:Common crane
958:
936:
931:
909:
904:
864:
859:
844:
839:
817:
812:
791:
751:
746:
731:
726:
704:
699:
677:
672:
658:
638:
633:
629:Leucogeranus
628:
599:
594:
579:
574:
560:
534:
525:
514:Anthropoides
513:
507:
504:Leucogeranus
503:
494:genera, the
492:monophyletic
488:polyphyletic
483:
469:
464:
452:
449:common crane
442:
436:
417:
382:
379:
373:
339:
324:
263:
247:
240:
230:
226:Leucogeranus
224:
218:
212:
201:
190:
189:
182:
167:
146:
61:
36:
3606:iNaturalist
3474:Wikispecies
3282:A. antigone
3278:Sarus crane
3191:B. pavonina
2701:10261/77900
2686:: 330–339.
2641:10261/46357
1975:Gill, Frank
1755:Ainu people
1311:(including
1236:Eobalearica
1110:(around 35
748:Sarus crane
422:Martin Mere
370:sarus crane
331:sarus crane
309:Description
3729:Categories
3373:Blue crane
3357:G. monacha
3150:Gruiformes
3097:link, was
3020:2024-04-19
2916:2012-07-29
2784:Waterbirds
2764:2012-03-21
2598:2024-04-19
2495:2012-07-29
2473:: 179–181.
1955:References
1948:Gruiformes
1889:(Korean),
1698:turna teli
1690:Hephaestus
1679:touchstone
1635:cranesbill
1569:epic poet
1413:) foraging
1333:Eucalyptus
1285:Grus virgo
1270:See also:
1210:Geranopsis
1175:Palaeogrus
1157:Ergilornis
865:Grus virgo
841:Blue crane
522:blue crane
453:Ardea grus
403:See also:
274:amphibians
250:Antarctica
209:Gruiformes
161:Type genus
127:Gruiformes
3178:Balearica
2997:1988-3080
2956:0015-587X
2876:145356486
2839:169152694
2556:247840832
2440:133977233
2345:0019-1019
2248:659731768
2096:17 August
2047:198153258
1718:Wing Chun
1706:happiness
1661:Aristotle
1560:Australia
1363:Grus grus
1344:migratory
1337:Balearica
1317:Bugeranus
1301:Balearica
1258:Aramornis
1218:Anserpica
1152:Eogruidae
1136:Eogruidae
1120:Laurasian
1098:Evolution
964:Grus grus
562:Balearica
537:cladogram
528:(for the
526:Bugeranus
516:(for the
500:monotypic
459:from the
451:which is
242:Balearica
220:Balearica
183:See text
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
3459:Wikidata
3387:G. virgo
3272:A. vipio
3249:Antigone
2936:Folklore
2804:89705278
2710:86505359
2658:23926741
2548:35357696
2466:Forktail
2211:38224245
1932:See also
1832:Văn Miếu
1771:leukemia
1761:. After
1751:Hokkaidō
1737:tortoise
1735:and the
1722:Hung Gar
1651:heraldry
1601:gharaniq
1567:Sanskrit
1451:Breeding
1321:Antigone
1289:Mongolia
1183:Pliogrus
660:Antigone
509:Antigone
346:wetlands
214:Antigone
143:Family:
137:Gruoidea
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
3735:Gruidae
3507:Gruidae
3494:Gruidae
3480:Gruidae
3450:Gruidae
3347:G. grus
3215:Gruinae
3158:Gruidae
3152:·
3095:archive
2650:9819341
2528:Bibcode
2520:Ecology
2396:1364260
2302:26 July
1854:Dwarves
1840:Vietnam
1817:Beijing
1742:origami
1671:Pygmies
1630:geranos
1624:Γερανος
1608:). See
1571:Valmiki
1496:picture
1401:Feeding
1379:diurnal
1190:Camusia
1168:Gruinae
1132:habitat
551:Gruidae
472:species
389:sternum
385:trachea
366:trachea
342:plumage
286:berries
278:insects
266:rodents
258:migrate
204:of the
202:Gruidae
177:Genera
147:Gruidae
123:Order:
113:Class:
18:Gruidae
3712:414821
3686:446460
3670:NZOR:
3637:176174
3624:104786
3559:1GRUSF
3465:Q25365
3416:Portal
3288:Brolga
3154:family
3142:Cranes
2995:
2954:
2874:
2837:
2802:
2708:
2680:Condor
2656:
2648:
2589:
2554:
2546:
2438:
2394:
2375:Condor
2350:22 May
2343:
2246:
2236:
2209:
2170:
2145:
2068:
2045:
1887:Songha
1836:Hà Nội
1733:dragon
1686:Apollo
1639:Ibycus
1594:, and
1544:Arabia
1540:Aegean
1319:) and
1124:Africa
1108:Eocene
1104:fossil
728:Brolga
524:) and
502:genus
476:genera
351:common
290:clutch
276:, and
229:, and
191:Cranes
154:, 1825
152:Vigors
42:Crane
3707:WoRMS
3699:39499
3619:IRMNG
3572:10763
3533:625DG
3430:Birds
3146:order
2872:S2CID
2835:S2CID
2800:S2CID
2731:(PDF)
2706:S2CID
2676:(PDF)
2654:S2CID
2616:(PDF)
2552:S2CID
2461:(PDF)
2436:S2CID
2392:JSTOR
2370:(PDF)
2207:S2CID
2139:60–81
2043:S2CID
1943:Stork
1938:Heron
1791:Crane
1714:China
1712:. In
1619:Greek
1606:gloss
1596:Manāt
1588:Allāt
1584:Mecca
1576:śloka
1556:Japan
1552:Korea
1548:China
1395:calls
1287:) in
463:word
461:Latin
393:calls
282:grain
206:order
3663:9109
3658:NCBI
3632:ITIS
3598:9313
3593:GBIF
3554:EPPO
3546:7586
3520:1460
3515:BOLD
3304:Grus
3107:lore
3099:dead
2993:ISSN
2952:ISSN
2646:PMID
2587:ISBN
2544:PMID
2352:2024
2341:ISSN
2324:Ibis
2304:2024
2244:OCLC
2234:ISBN
2168:ISBN
2143:ISBN
2098:2022
2066:ISBN
1995:2023
1708:and
1688:and
1675:Nile
1617:The
1592:Uzza
1565:The
1504:1870
1315:and
1309:Grus
1102:The
793:Grus
520:and
484:Grus
478:. A
465:grus
445:Grus
424:, UK
353:and
340:The
284:and
270:fish
252:and
232:Grus
195:bird
169:Grus
117:Aves
3645:NBN
3541:EoL
3528:CoL
3502:AFD
3489:ADW
3077:by
2983:doi
2944:doi
2864:doi
2827:doi
2792:doi
2739:101
2696:hdl
2688:doi
2684:115
2636:hdl
2628:doi
2579:doi
2536:doi
2524:103
2428:doi
2424:119
2419:Emu
2384:doi
2333:doi
2329:144
2278:doi
2274:127
2270:Auk
2199:doi
2195:161
2033:doi
2029:111
1582:In
1542:,
1498:by
1112:mya
532:).
280:to
3731::
3709::
3696::
3683::
3660::
3647::
3634::
3621::
3611:23
3608::
3595::
3582::
3569::
3556::
3543::
3530::
3517::
3504::
3491::
3476::
3461::
3156::
3148::
3013:.
2991:.
2979:35
2977:.
2973:.
2950:.
2940:86
2938:.
2934:.
2891:,
2870:.
2860:19
2833:.
2823:26
2821:.
2798:.
2788:41
2786:.
2782:.
2737:.
2733:.
2718:^
2704:.
2694:.
2682:.
2678:.
2652:.
2644:.
2634:.
2624:56
2622:.
2618:.
2585:,
2573:,
2550:.
2542:.
2534:.
2522:.
2518:.
2504:^
2471:22
2469:.
2463:.
2448:^
2434:.
2422:.
2416:.
2404:^
2390:.
2380:44
2378:.
2372:.
2339:.
2327:.
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