643:" for the former cohort and a safe focus for repressed and suppressed emotions or thoughts in the latter. Patient groups read a novel or collectively view a film. They then participate collectively in the discussion of plot, character motivation and author motivation. In the case of films, sound track, cinematography and background are also discussed and processed. Under the guidance of the therapist, defense mechanisms are bypassed by the use of signifiers and semiotic processes. The focus remains on the text rather than on personal issues. It was popularized in the science fiction novel,
630:. The total environment or milieu is regarded as the medium of therapy, all interactions and activities regarded as potentially therapeutic and are subject to exploration and interpretation, and are explored in daily or weekly community meetings. However, interactions between the culture of group psychotherapeutic settings and the more managerial norms of external authorities may create 'organizational turbulence' which can critically undermine a group's ability to maintain a safe yet challenging 'formative space'. Academics at the
340:
276:(SCT), which sees groups functioning within the principles of system dynamics. Her method of "functional subgrouping" introduces a method of organizing group communication so it is less likely to react counterproductively to differences. SCT also emphasizes the need to recognize the phases of group development and the defenses related to each phase in order to best make sense and influence group dynamics.
735:
format include improved between-session transfer and patient-therapist-communication, as well as increased treatment transparency and intensity. Negative effects may occur in terms of dissonance due to non-compliance with online tasks, or the constriction of in-session group interaction. Last but not least, group phenomena might influence the motivation to engage with online tasks.
634:
studied the inter-organizational dynamics of a national democratic therapeutic community over a period of four years; they found external steering by authorities eroded the community's therapeutic model, produced a crisis, and led to an intractable conflict which resulted in the community's closure.
291:
can arise not only between group members and the therapist but also among group members. Furthermore, the psychoanalytic concept of the unconscious was extended with a recognition of a group unconscious, in which the unconscious processes of group members could be acted out in the form of irrational
236:
group, human relations training group or encounter group), a form of group psychotherapy where participants (typically, between eight and 15 people) learn about themselves (and about small group processes in general) through their interaction with each other. They use feedback, problem solving, and
703:
Most outcome research is carried out using time-limited therapy with diagnostically homogenous groups. However, long-term intensive interactional group psychotherapy assumes diverse and diagnostically heterogeneous group membership, and an open-ended time scale for therapy. Good outcomes have also
521:
It has been suggested that this is the primary therapeutic factor from which all others flow. Humans are herd animals with an instinctive need to belong to groups, and personal development can only take place in an interpersonal context. A cohesive group is one in which all members feel a sense of
734:
While the evidence base for group therapy is very limited, preliminary research in individual therapy suggests possible increases of treatment efficiency or effectiveness. Further, the use of app- or computer-based monitoring has been investigated several times. Reported advantages of the modern
719:
Several feasibility studies examined the impact of computer-, app- and media-support on group interventions. Most investigated interventions implemented short rationales, which usually were based on principles of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). Most research focussed on:
480:
specific to group psychotherapy. The therapist's interpretations can help group members gain understanding of the impact of childhood experiences on their personality, and they may learn to avoid unconsciously repeating unhelpful past interactive patterns in present-day
692:, with some studies showing only small to moderate effect sizes. The authors comment that these poor outcomes might reflect a need for additional support for some patients, in addition to the group therapy. This is borne out by the impressive results obtained using
164:
groups. The differences between psychodynamic groups, activity groups, support groups, problem-solving and psychoeducational groups have been discussed by psychiatrist
Charles Montgomery. Other, more specialized forms of group therapy would include non-verbal
664:
A 2008 meta-analysis found that individual therapy may be slightly more effective than group therapy initially, but this difference seems to disappear after 6 months. There is clear evidence for the effectiveness of group psychotherapy for
655:
Group analysis has become widespread in Europe, and especially the United
Kingdom, where it has become the most common form of group psychotherapy. Interest from Australia, the former Soviet Union and the African continent is also growing.
319:, which is a group therapy in which practitioners relate to the group, not its individuals, as the fundamental unit of development. The task of the group is to "build the group" rather than focus on problem solving or "fixing" individuals.
459:
While this is not strictly speaking a psychotherapeutic process, members often report that it has been very helpful to learn factual information from other members in the group. For example, about their treatment or about access to
421:
The recognition of shared experiences and feelings among group members and that these may be widespread or universal human concerns, serves to remove a group member's sense of isolation, validate their experiences, and raise
549:
is the experience of relief from emotional distress through the free and uninhibited expression of emotion. When members tell their story to a supportive audience, they can obtain relief from chronic feelings of shame and
434:
The group is a place where members can help each other, and the experience of being able to give something to another person can lift the member's self esteem and help develop more adaptive coping styles and interpersonal
1731:"Exploring blended group interventions for depression: Randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms"
638:
A form of group therapy has been reported to be effective in psychotic adolescents and recovering addicts. Projective psychotherapy uses an outside text such as a novel or motion picture to provide a "stable
578:
This factor overlaps with interpersonal learning but refers to the achievement of greater levels of insight into the genesis of one's problems and the unconscious motivations that underlie one's behaviour.
447:
In a mixed group that has members at various stages of development or recovery, a member can be inspired and encouraged by another member who has overcome the problems with which they are still struggling.
268:(although the entry on psychodrama claims it is not a form of group therapy). Another recent development in the theory and method of group psychotherapy based on an integration of systems thinking is
287:
using group therapy as an approach to treating combat fatigue in the Second World War. Foulkes and Bion were psychoanalysts and incorporated psychoanalysis into group therapy by recognising that
110:
in which one or more therapists treat a small group of clients together as a group. The term can legitimately refer to any form of psychotherapy when delivered in a group format, including
493:
The group setting provides a safe and supportive environment for members to take risks by extending their repertoire of interpersonal behaviour and improving their social skills
1888:""Blended" therapy: The development and pilot evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention to supplement face-to-face therapy for hoarding disorder"
1305:
Callahan KL, Price JL, Hilsenroth MJ (October 2004). "A review of interpersonal-psychodynamic group psychotherapy outcomes for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse".
712:
Research on computer-supported and computer-based interventions has increased significantly since the mid-1990s. For a comprehensive overview of current practices see:
2136:"Evaluating an e-mental health program ("deprexis") as adjunctive treatment tool in psychotherapy for depression: Results of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial"
1572:
1426:
Bateman A, Fonagy P (May 2008). "8-year follow-up of patients treated for borderline personality disorder: mentalization-based treatment versus treatment as usual".
3069:
909:
Joyce AS, Piper WE, Ogrodniczuk JS (July 2007). "Therapeutic alliance and cohesion variables as predictors of outcome in short-term group psychotherapy".
3074:
509:
process, observing and imitating the therapist and other group members. For example, sharing personal feelings, showing concern, and supporting others.
3064:
1837:"Patients' Experiences of Web- and Mobile-Assisted Group Therapy for Depression and Implications of the Group Setting: Qualitative Follow-Up Study"
3079:
66:
62:
1940:"Enhancing group cognitive-behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder with between-session Internet-based clinician support: A feasibility study"
1570:
Hedman E (2014). "Cognitive behavior therapy via the
Internet: a systematic review of applications, clinical efficacy and cost–effectiveness".
326:. This thinker conceived of a group-centered approach which, although not directly influenced by Foulkes' work, was fully compatible with it.
1180:
1080:"Resisting hybridisation between modes of clinical risk management: Contradiction, contest, and the production of intractable conflict"
1043:
Fischer MD (28 September 2012). "Organizational
Turbulence, Trouble and Trauma: Theorizing the Collapse of a Mental Health Setting".
130:
is explicitly utilized as a mechanism of change by developing, exploring and examining interpersonal relationships within the group.
769:
2265:
1783:"Feasibility of a blended group treatment (bGT) for major depression: uncontrolled interventional study in a university setting"
3084:
599:
treatment). In addition to classical "talking" therapy, group therapy in an institutional setting can also include group-based
322:
In
Argentina an independent school of group analysis stemmed from the work and teachings of Swiss-born Argentine psychoanalyst
1647:"A randomized controlled trial of ecological momentary intervention plus brief group therapy for generalized anxiety disorder"
566:
through the process of interacting with others in the group, who give feedback on the member's behaviour and impact on others.
2234:
1470:
1027:
961:
854:
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of 1.03, which is clinically highly significant. Similarly, a meta-analysis of five studies of group psychotherapy for adult
1989:"Blending Face-to-Face and Internet-Based Interventions for the Treatment of Mental Disorders in Adults: Systematic Review"
2369:
1615:
Gruber K, Moran PJ, Roth WT, Taylor CB (2001). "Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia".
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identify the group therapist and other group members with their own parents and siblings in a process that is a form of
3089:
2317:
1079:
754:
2374:
2347:
2342:
382:
2470:
202:
1486:
Lorentzen S, Bøgwald KP, Høglend P (July 2002). "Change during and after long-term analytic group psychotherapy".
1243:"Are individual and group treatments equally effective in the treatment of depression in adults?: a meta-analysis"
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697:
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survivors showed moderate to strong effect sizes, and there is also good evidence for effectiveness with chronic
349:
2594:
258:
246:
45:
31:
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Thase ME, Wright JH, Eells TD, Barrett MS, Wisniewski SR, Balasubramani GK, McCrone P, Brown GK (March 2018).
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197:. All three of them were active and working at the East Coast in the first half of the 20th century. In 1932
17:
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115:
1276:"The Efficacy of Group Psychotherapy for Depression: A Meta-analysis and Review of the Empirical Research"
872:"The Use of Participant-Observers in Group Therapy: A Critical Exploration in Light of Foucauldian Theory"
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2394:
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297:
229:
2089:"Online Self-Help as an Add-On to Inpatient Psychotherapy: Efficacy of a New Blended Treatment Approach"
534:
Learning that one has to take responsibility for one's own life and the consequences of one's decisions.
225:. Yalom's approach to group therapy has been very influential not only in the USA but across the world.
2665:
2337:
1694:
Przeworski A, Newman MG (February 2004). "Palmtop computer-assisted group therapy for social phobia".
2720:
2703:
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666:
316:
237:
role play to gain insights into themselves, others, and groups. It was pioneered in the mid-1940s by
323:
3120:
2589:
2404:
2327:
1348:
Kanas N (January 2005). "Group
Therapy for Patients with Chronic Trauma-Related Stress Disorders".
273:
254:
73:
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2480:
2419:
2040:"Improving the Efficiency of Psychotherapy for Depression: Computer-Assisted Versus Standard CBT"
1391:
Kanas N (2006). "Long-Term
Psychodynamic Group Therapy for Patients with Personality Disorders".
592:
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In the United
Kingdom group psychotherapy initially developed independently, with pioneers
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696:, a model that combines dynamic group psychotherapy with individual psychotherapy and
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and his colleagues as a method of learning about human behavior in what became the
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can be taken to include any helping process that takes place in a group, including
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2708:
2465:
2409:
1903:
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823:
822:
Moreno JL, Jennings HH, Whitin ES, National
Committee on Prisons (9 April 2018).
821:
264:
Moreno developed a specific and highly structured form of group therapy known as
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The founders of group psychotherapy in the United States were Joseph H. Pratt,
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127:
123:
107:
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Zwerenz R, Becker J, Knickenberg RJ, Siepmann M, Hagen K, Beutel ME (2017).
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1973:
1921:
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Fitzpatrick M, Nedeljkovic M, Abbott JA, Kyrios M, Moulding R (June 2018).
1872:
1816:
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Schuster R, Fichtenbauer I, Sparr VM, Berger T, Laireiter AR (March 2018).
1764:
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149:
111:
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300:, while Bion was influential in the development of group therapy at the
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1955:
1707:
807:
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238:
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2005:
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One way in which group members can develop social skills is through a
89:
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Operative groups : the Latin-American approach to group analysis
724:
Anxiety disorders (e.g. social phobia, generalised anxiety disorder )
546:
2624:
2297:
640:
2134:
Berger T, Krieger T, Sude K, Meyer B, Maercker A (February 2018).
1885:
1241:
Cuijpers, Pim; van
Straten, Annemieke; Warmerdam, Lisanne (2008).
652:
Group therapy is now often utilized in private practice settings.
292:
processes in group sessions. Foulkes developed the model known as
1728:
688:
There is less robust evidence of good outcomes for patients with
136:
2243:
2086:
1780:
1729:
Schuster R, Leitner I, Carlbring P, Laireiter AR (June 2017).
1644:
1645:
Newman MG, Przeworski A, Consoli AJ, Taylor CB (June 2014).
1240:
398:
proposed a number of therapeutic factors (originally termed
311:, first developed in the United States in the late 1970s by
1834:
591:
of a psychiatric in-patient unit or ambulatory psychiatric
1573:
Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research
466:
Corrective recapitulation of the primary family experience
3070:
Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
1987:
Erbe D, Eichert HC, Riper H, Ebert DD (September 2017).
844:
2037:
1485:
1304:
209:, group psychotherapy was further developed by Moreno,
2133:
1986:
1614:
1022:(1st ed.). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
908:
2229:(5th ed.). New York: Basic Books. p. 272.
1465:(5th ed.). New York: Basic Books. p. 272.
1198:
Roberts JP (2 January 2018). "Group Psychotherapy".
976:
205:, and co-authored a monograph on the subject. After
30:"Group therapy" redirects here. For other uses, see
1835:Schuster R, Sigl S, Berger T, Laireiter AR (2018).
1273:
727:
Depression (e.g. mild to moderate Major Depression)
707:
3075:Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies
1117:Giannini, AJ (2001). "Use of fiction in therapy".
704:been demonstrated for this form of group therapy.
232:or training group (sometimes also referred to as
201:presented his work on group psychotherapy to the
3107:
3065:Association for the Advancement of Psychotherapy
1693:
3080:Association for Behavior Analysis International
970:
2227:The theory and practice of group psychotherapy
1479:
1463:The theory and practice of group psychotherapy
408:The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy
228:An early development in group therapy was the
2259:
1531:"Internet-Delivered Psychological Treatments"
1425:
1298:
1077:
1017:
977:Ogrodniczuk JS, Steinberg PI (January 2005).
791:"Role of dynamic group therapy in psychiatry"
1488:International Journal of Group Psychotherapy
1419:
1393:International Journal of Group Psychotherapy
1350:International Journal of Group Psychotherapy
1307:International Journal of Group Psychotherapy
911:International Journal of Group Psychotherapy
659:
2221:
1460:
1136:Giannini, AJ (1993). "Tangential symbols".
2266:
2252:
1341:
788:
622:Group psychotherapy is a key component of
615:, and non-verbal types of therapy such as
363:. Please do not remove this message until
126:group therapy where the group context and
2151:
2063:
2014:
2004:
1963:
1911:
1862:
1852:
1806:
1754:
1670:
1546:
1528:
1280:Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
1258:
994:
902:
806:
562:Group members achieve a greater level of
383:Learn how and when to remove this message
329:
2209:(3rd ed.). New York: Random House.
1274:McDermut W, Miller IW, Brown RA (2001).
1178:
1135:
1116:
845:Tubert-Oklander J, de Tubert RH (2004).
770:American Group Psychotherapy Association
359:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2201:
1197:
1078:Fischer MD, Ferlie E (1 January 2013).
1042:
849:. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
14:
3108:
3085:European Association for Psychotherapy
1937:
1569:
869:
824:"Group method and group psychotherapy"
522:belonging, acceptance, and validation.
410:(1st edition 1970, 5th edition 2005).
2247:
1933:
1931:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1776:
1774:
1640:
1638:
1548:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093006
1390:
1347:
1181:"5 Reasons to Consider Group Therapy"
1084:Accounting, Organizations and Society
979:"A renewed interest in day treatment"
951:
487:Development of socializing techniques
1993:Journal of Medical Internet Research
1535:Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
789:Montgomery, Charles (January 2002).
333:
2370:Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
587:Group therapy can form part of the
24:
3090:Society for Psychotherapy Research
2318:Transference focused psychotherapy
2171:
2044:The American Journal of Psychiatry
1928:
1823:
1771:
1635:
1428:The American Journal of Psychiatry
1247:The European Journal of Psychiatry
1150:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1993.tb03913.x
1018:Campling P, Haigh R, eds. (1998).
755:Self-help groups for mental health
144:, skills training groups (such as
25:
3132:
2375:Rational emotive behavior therapy
2348:Functional analytic psychotherapy
2343:Acceptance and commitment therapy
2273:
795:Advances in Psychiatric Treatment
307:Bion's approach is comparable to
2093:Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
1138:Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
714:Computer-supported psychotherapy
708:Computer-supported group therapy
673:of 48 studies showed an overall
338:
203:American Psychiatric Association
3095:World Council for Psychotherapy
2127:
2080:
2031:
1980:
1879:
1722:
1687:
1608:
1563:
1522:
1454:
1384:
1267:
1260:10.4321/s0213-61632008000100005
1234:
1191:
1172:
1129:
1110:
1071:
730:Other disorders (e.g. hoarding)
690:borderline personality disorder
122:, but it is usually applied to
27:Form of psychotherapy treatment
2140:Journal of Affective Disorders
2056:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17010089
1944:Journal of Clinical Psychology
1696:Journal of Clinical Psychology
1440:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07040636
1036:
1011:
983:Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
945:
863:
838:
815:
782:
406:factors in the 5th edition of
259:National Education Association
247:National Training Laboratories
13:
1:
2308:Mentalization-based treatment
1629:10.1016/s0005-7894(01)80050-2
1356:(1: Special Issue): 161–165.
1200:British Journal of Psychiatry
954:Inpatient Group Psychotherapy
694:mentalization-based treatment
2365:Dialectical behavior therapy
2355:Cognitive behavioral therapy
1904:10.1016/j.invent.2018.02.006
1747:10.1016/j.invent.2017.04.001
1185:U.S. News & World Report
619:and dance/movement therapy.
116:cognitive behavioral therapy
7:
2395:Emotionally focused therapy
1799:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018412
1500:10.1521/ijgp.52.3.419.45511
1461:Yalom ID, Leszcz M (2005).
1362:10.1521/ijgp.55.1.161.56551
1319:10.1521/ijgp.54.4.491.42770
1179:Schwartz J (14 July 2017).
738:
582:
365:conditions to do so are met
298:Institute of Group Analysis
261:in Bethel, Maine, in 1947.
10:
3137:
2666:Systematic desensitization
2595:Practitioner–scholar model
2338:Clinical behavior analysis
1529:Andersson G (2016-03-28).
1405:10.1521/ijgp.2006.56.2.245
996:10.1177/070674370505000120
923:10.1521/ijgp.2007.57.3.269
253:) that was created by the
184:
29:
3057:
2781:
2739:
2676:
2610:
2603:
2562:
2521:
2489:
2428:
2385:
2326:
2288:
2281:
2192:Resources in your library
2153:10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.021
1096:10.1016/j.aos.2012.11.002
956:. New York: Basic Books.
834:– via Google Books.
660:Research on effectiveness
86:
72:
56:
44:
39:
2677:Other individual therapy
1057:10.1177/0170840612448155
888:10.13186/group.39.1.0009
776:
274:systems-centered therapy
255:Office of Naval Research
2699:Cognitive restructuring
2420:Person-centered therapy
2207:Group Therapy - A Guide
1020:Therapeutic communities
593:partial hospitalization
133:The broader concept of
2630:Contingency management
2509:Transtheoretical model
2499:Eclectic psychotherapy
2476:Transactional analysis
1892:Internet Interventions
1735:Internet Interventions
556:Interpersonal learning
330:Therapeutic principles
324:Enrique Pichon-Rivière
2580:Common factors theory
2544:Residential treatment
1292:10.1093/clipsy.8.1.98
1212:10.1192/bjp.166.1.124
628:therapeutic community
453:Imparting information
120:interpersonal therapy
3009:Lorna Smith Benjamin
2844:Harry Stack Sullivan
2769:Sensitivity training
2570:Clinical formulation
1045:Organization Studies
632:University of Oxford
601:expressive therapies
441:Instillation of hope
234:sensitivity-training
167:expressive therapies
3116:Group psychotherapy
2741:Group psychotherapy
2652:Counterconditioning
2529:Brief psychotherapy
2400:Existential therapy
2225:, Leszcz M (2005).
2183:Group psychotherapy
1854:10.2196/mental.9613
760:Twelve-step program
528:Existential factors
499:Imitative behaviour
352:of this section is
249:(also known as the
154:relaxation training
100:Group psychotherapy
40:Group psychotherapy
2869:Milton H. Erickson
2704:Emotion regulation
2684:Autogenic training
2575:Clinical pluralism
2504:Multimodal therapy
2303:Analytical therapy
1956:10.1002/jclp.22589
1938:Ivanov VZ (2018).
1841:JMIR Mental Health
1708:10.1002/jclp.10246
808:10.1192/apt.8.1.34
589:therapeutic milieu
572:Self-understanding
3103:
3102:
3029:William R. Miller
3014:Marsha M. Linehan
2984:Jean Baker Miller
2944:Salvador Minuchin
2824:Ludwig Binswanger
2777:
2776:
2612:Behaviour therapy
2539:Online counseling
2517:
2516:
2456:Narrative therapy
2360:Cognitive therapy
2236:978-0-465-09284-0
2178:Library resources
2105:10.1159/000481177
2006:10.2196/jmir.6588
1586:10.1586/erp.12.67
1472:978-0-465-09284-0
1144:(12): 1134–1139.
1119:Psychiatric Times
1029:978-1-85302-626-3
963:978-0-465-03298-3
952:Yalom ID (1983).
870:Kislev E (2015).
856:978-1-84310-094-2
772:, founded in 1943
685:in war veterans.
393:
392:
385:
97:
96:
16:(Redirected from
3128:
3019:Vittorio Guidano
2989:Otto F. Kernberg
2859:Donald Winnicott
2716:Free association
2661:Exposure therapy
2640:Stimulus control
2620:Aversion therapy
2608:
2607:
2471:Systemic therapy
2446:Feminist therapy
2298:Adlerian therapy
2286:
2285:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2218:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2018:
2008:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1950:(7): 1092–1105.
1935:
1926:
1925:
1915:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1866:
1856:
1832:
1821:
1820:
1810:
1778:
1769:
1768:
1758:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1674:
1663:10.1037/a0032519
1642:
1633:
1632:
1617:Behavior Therapy
1612:
1606:
1605:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1550:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1051:(9): 1153–1173.
1040:
1034:
1033:
1015:
1009:
1008:
998:
974:
968:
967:
949:
943:
942:
906:
900:
899:
867:
861:
860:
842:
836:
835:
833:
831:
819:
813:
812:
810:
786:
683:traumatic stress
400:curative factors
388:
381:
377:
374:
368:
342:
341:
334:
302:Tavistock Clinic
270:Yvonne Agazarian
146:anger management
90:edit on Wikidata
82:
37:
36:
21:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3121:Group processes
3106:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3053:
3034:Steven C. Hayes
2964:Paul Watzlawick
2949:Paul Watzlawick
2904:Virginia Axline
2814:Sándor Ferenczi
2773:
2754:Couples therapy
2735:
2709:Affect labeling
2672:
2657:Desensitization
2599:
2585:Discontinuation
2558:
2513:
2485:
2466:Reality therapy
2424:
2410:Gestalt therapy
2381:
2329:
2322:
2277:
2272:
2237:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2172:Further reading
2169:
2132:
2128:
2085:
2081:
2036:
2032:
1985:
1981:
1936:
1929:
1884:
1880:
1833:
1824:
1779:
1772:
1727:
1723:
1692:
1688:
1643:
1636:
1613:
1609:
1568:
1564:
1527:
1523:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1459:
1455:
1424:
1420:
1389:
1385:
1346:
1342:
1303:
1299:
1272:
1268:
1239:
1235:
1196:
1192:
1177:
1173:
1134:
1130:
1115:
1111:
1076:
1072:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1016:
1012:
975:
971:
964:
950:
946:
907:
903:
868:
864:
857:
843:
839:
829:
827:
820:
816:
787:
783:
779:
741:
710:
698:case management
662:
595:(also known as
585:
389:
378:
372:
369:
358:
343:
339:
332:
199:Jacob L. Moreno
187:
162:psychoeducation
160:training), and
93:
78:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3134:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3004:Arnold Lazarus
3001:
2999:Irvin D. Yalom
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2974:Eugene Gendlin
2971:
2966:
2961:
2959:Ogden Lindsley
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2934:Virginia Satir
2931:
2926:
2924:James Bugental
2921:
2919:Silvano Arieti
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2789:Philippe Pinel
2785:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2759:Family therapy
2756:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2696:
2694:Clean language
2691:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2554:Support groups
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2334:
2332:
2328:Cognitive and
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2313:Psychoanalysis
2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2235:
2219:
2195:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2126:
2099:(6): 341–350.
2079:
2050:(3): 242–250.
2030:
1979:
1927:
1878:
1822:
1793:(3): e018412.
1770:
1721:
1686:
1657:(2): 198–206.
1634:
1623:(1): 155–165.
1607:
1580:(6): 745–764.
1562:
1521:
1478:
1471:
1453:
1418:
1383:
1340:
1313:(4): 491–519.
1297:
1266:
1233:
1206:(1): 124–129.
1190:
1171:
1128:
1109:
1070:
1035:
1028:
1010:
969:
962:
944:
901:
862:
855:
837:
826:. Beacon House
814:
780:
778:
775:
774:
773:
767:
765:Impact therapy
762:
757:
752:
747:
745:Family therapy
740:
737:
732:
731:
728:
725:
709:
706:
661:
658:
646:Red Orc's Rage
624:milieu therapy
584:
581:
580:
579:
575:
574:
568:
567:
564:self-awareness
559:
558:
552:
551:
543:
542:
536:
535:
531:
530:
524:
523:
518:
517:
511:
510:
502:
501:
495:
494:
490:
489:
483:
482:
481:relationships.
472:Members often
469:
468:
462:
461:
456:
455:
449:
448:
444:
443:
437:
436:
431:
430:
424:
423:
418:
417:
391:
390:
373:September 2023
346:
344:
337:
331:
328:
309:social therapy
294:group analysis
215:Hyman Spotnitz
211:Samuel Slavson
191:Trigant Burrow
186:
183:
142:support groups
95:
94:
87:
84:
83:
76:
70:
69:
60:
54:
53:
48:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3133:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3044:Jeffrey Young
3042:
3040:
3039:Michael White
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3024:Les Greenberg
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2909:Carl Whitaker
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2889:Viktor Frankl
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:Jacques Lacan
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Wilhelm Reich
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2829:Melanie Klein
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2799:Sigmund Freud
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2645:Token economy
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2451:Music therapy
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2441:Dance therapy
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2290:Psychodynamic
2287:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2275:Psychotherapy
2269:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2238:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1932:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1775:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1702:(2): 179–88.
1701:
1697:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1651:Psychotherapy
1648:
1641:
1639:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1541:(1): 157–79.
1540:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1494:(3): 419–29.
1493:
1489:
1482:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:(2): 245–51.
1398:
1394:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1286:(1): 98–116.
1285:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1031:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1006:
1002:
997:
992:
988:
984:
980:
973:
965:
959:
955:
948:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
917:(3): 269–96.
916:
912:
905:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
866:
858:
852:
848:
841:
825:
818:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
785:
781:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
736:
729:
726:
723:
722:
721:
717:
715:
705:
701:
699:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
671:meta-analysis
668:
657:
653:
650:
648:
647:
642:
636:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
617:music therapy
614:
610:
606:
605:drama therapy
602:
598:
594:
590:
577:
576:
573:
570:
569:
565:
561:
560:
557:
554:
553:
548:
545:
544:
541:
538:
537:
533:
532:
529:
526:
525:
520:
519:
516:
513:
512:
508:
504:
503:
500:
497:
496:
492:
491:
488:
485:
484:
479:
475:
474:unconsciously
471:
470:
467:
464:
463:
458:
457:
454:
451:
450:
446:
445:
442:
439:
438:
433:
432:
429:
426:
425:
420:
419:
416:
413:
412:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
387:
384:
376:
366:
362:
356:
355:
351:
345:
336:
335:
327:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
290:
286:
282:
281:S. H. Foulkes
277:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
251:NTL Institute
248:
244:
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226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
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196:
195:Paul Schilder
192:
182:
180:
179:music therapy
176:
175:dance therapy
172:
168:
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159:
158:social skills
155:
151:
147:
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128:group process
125:
124:psychodynamic
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108:psychotherapy
106:is a form of
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104:group therapy
101:
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68:
64:
61:
59:
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52:
49:
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43:
38:
33:
32:Group Therapy
19:
18:Group therapy
3058:Associations
3049:Peter Fonagy
2994:Nathan Azrin
2969:Arthur Janov
2929:Joseph Wolpe
2914:Albert Ellis
2894:George Kelly
2879:Erik Erikson
2839:Karen Horney
2809:Alfred Adler
2804:Pierre Janet
2794:Josef Breuer
2740:
2726:Hypnotherapy
2461:Play therapy
2226:
2206:
2182:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2096:
2092:
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1434:(5): 631–8.
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1122:
1118:
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1083:
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798:
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718:
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687:
679:sexual abuse
663:
654:
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597:day hospital
586:
571:
555:
539:
527:
515:Cohesiveness
514:
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486:
478:transference
465:
452:
440:
427:
415:Universality
414:
407:
403:
402:but renamed
399:
394:
379:
370:
348:
321:
313:Lois Holzman
306:
289:transference
285:Wilfred Bion
278:
263:
227:
207:World War II
188:
134:
132:
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2979:R. D. Laing
2954:Haim Ginott
2884:Carl Rogers
2849:Fritz Perls
2764:Psychodrama
2689:Biofeedback
2491:Integrative
2436:Art therapy
2415:Logotherapy
2146:: 455–462.
1999:(9): e306.
882:(1): 9–24.
675:effect size
613:art therapy
609:psychodrama
422:self-esteem
404:therapeutic
396:Irvin Yalom
317:Fred Newman
266:psychodrama
243:Carl Rogers
219:Irvin Yalom
171:art therapy
150:mindfulness
112:art therapy
3110:Categories
2939:Aaron Beck
2854:Anna Freud
2749:Co-therapy
2604:Techniques
2534:Counseling
2522:Approaches
2387:Humanistic
2330:behavioral
2203:Luchins AS
1847:(3): e49.
667:depression
350:neutrality
239:Kurt Lewin
223:Lou Ormont
46:ICD-10-PCS
2899:Rollo May
2834:Otto Rank
2819:Carl Jung
2549:Self-help
2215:599119917
1898:: 16–25.
1741:: 63–71.
1253:: 38–51.
989:(1): 77.
896:148037934
547:Catharsis
540:Catharsis
460:services.
361:talk page
2731:Modeling
2721:Homework
2625:Chaining
2563:Research
2405:Focusing
2223:Yalom ID
2205:(1964).
2162:29154168
2113:29131090
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1370:15843254
1335:39715726
1327:15388403
1228:12387450
1166:32304779
1104:44146410
1065:52219788
1005:15754672
939:19200449
931:17661544
739:See also
641:delusion
603:such as
583:Settings
507:modeling
428:Altruism
354:disputed
296:and the
257:and the
169:such as
58:ICD-9-CM
2635:Shaping
2590:History
2282:Schools
2121:4786098
2065:5848497
2016:5622288
1965:6686153
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1864:6060305
1808:5857649
1756:6096250
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1158:7510314
830:9 April
435:skills.
230:T-group
185:History
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1409:S2CID
1374:S2CID
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1224:S2CID
1162:S2CID
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892:S2CID
876:Group
777:Notes
626:in a
177:, or
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63:94.41
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1918:PMID
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