579:
571:
381:
166:
174:
397:
320:
1601:
660:
40:
248:...the essential spirit of the message is... 'My children: a new dispensation comes to us today. Will you receive it? Will you free yourselves? Will you recover the lands stolen three hundred years ago from your forefathers by the hated Spaniards? We must act at once... Will you defend your religion and your rights as true patriots? Long live Our Lady of Guadalupe! Death to bad government! Death to the Gachupines!'
400:
399:
404:
403:
398:
405:
261:
Many believe that
Hidalgo's Grito condemned the notion of monarchy and criticized the current social order in detail. In fact, his opposition was targeted to Spain and its viceroy in Mexico: that is, not against the monarchy in general but against "bad government". The Grito also emphasized loyalty
256:
told them that the time for action on their part had now come. When he asked, 'Will you be slaves of
Napoleon or will you as patriots defend your religion, your hearths, and your rights?' there was a unanimous cry, 'We will defend to the utmost! Long live religion, long live our most holy mother of
402:
698:, and in these cases whenever the bell ringing is reenacted the school or university head utters the traditional words. Celebrations also take place outside of Mexico, such as in U.S. states that have a large concentration of people of Mexican heritage who celebrate the holiday.
157:, while ringing the same bell Hidalgo used in 1810. During the patriotic speech, the president calls out the names of the fallen heroes who died during the War of Independence and he ends the speech by shouting "Viva Mexico!" three times followed by the Mexican National Anthem.
209:, of which Father Hidalgo became a part. When the plot was discovered in early September 1810, some of the plotters decided to proceed with the uprising. Around 2:30 am of September 16, 1810, Hidalgo ordered the church bells to be rung and gathered his congregation. Flanked by
725:
cards with main events involving top
Mexican fighters have been a fixture of Independence Day weekend in Las Vegas. While U.S.-hosted fights on the weekend date back as far as the 1970s, the tradition of hosting these fights in Las Vegas was first established by
301:
The Cry of
Dolores has assumed an almost mythical status. Since the late 20th century, the event has come to symbolize Mexican independence and to initiate Independence Day ceremonies the following day (16 September). Independence Day in Mexico is a
533:), to hear the recitation. The event draws up to half a million spectators from all over Mexico and tourists worldwide. After the President recites each line beginning with "¡Viva(n)!", the crowd responds by repeating, "¡Viva(n)!"
613:
frequently took liberties with it, adding and removing items, addressing
Mexicans in both genders, and in 2001 wishing long life to "our agreements". Peña Nieto gave "vivas" to victims of recent earthquakes in 2017.
586:
The Grito is not always re-enacted at the
National Palace; some years it is performed in Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato, where it originally happened. This is especially common in the final year of a President's term.
401:
427:
The Grito often differs slightly from year to year to reflect recent sentiments, or a preference by the
President for a shorter or longer shout. This is the version often recited by the President of Mexico:
934:
602:
balcony to launch the celebrations. As a result, in 2012, Calderón's final year as president, he did not go to
Dolores Hidalgo but gave the Grito from the National Palace balcony instead. President
682:
and consulates worldwide on 15 or 16 September. The chief executive, ambassador, or consul rings a bell and recites the traditional words, including the names of independence heroes and local
421:) based upon the "Grito de Dolores", with the names of the important heroes of the Mexican War of Independence who were there on that historic day. The Grito ends with the threefold shout of
629:
during the Grito, but were blocked by a wall of soldiers. News outlets within Mexico failed to acknowledge the protest. The event was well-attended but opponents charge that the PRI brought
1428:. Silhouettes: studies in history and culture series. Margarita González Aredondo and Elena Murray de Parodi (Spanish-English trans.). Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources. pp. 1–42.
1169:
240:"The exact words of this most famous of all Mexican speeches are not known, or, rather, they are reproduced in almost as many variations as there are historians to reproduce them."
1261:
1219:
1453:
Antonio
Barajas Beccera, 1969, Generalisimo don Ignacio de Allende y Unzaga, 2a edicion, p. 108 ("a las cinco de la manana del domingo 16 de Septiembre, 1810").
547:
by a military band from the
Mexican Armed Forces, with the crowd singing along. The ceremonies conclude with a spectacular fireworks display at the Zócalo grounds.
1190:
1552:
942:
306:, marked by parades, concerts, patriotic programs, drum and bugle and marching band competitions, and special programs on the national and local media outlets.
595:
417:
in Mexico City and rings the same bell that Hidalgo rang in 1810, which was moved to the National Palace. The President then recites a shout of patriotism (a
177:
Image extracted from the book by Vicente Riva Palacio, Julio Zárate (1880) "México a través de los siglos" Tomo III: "La Guerra de Independencia" (1808–1821).
1085:
1112:
1589:
1534:
644:
just concluded, and the Grito could not be delivered at the Zócalo but was spoken at the National Palace. López Obrador won the presidency in 2018.
225:
1539:
715:
1144:
1364:
718:
also begins on 15 September; the date was chosen due to its proximity to the independence day of Mexico and other Latin American countries.
1450:
Sr. Antonio Barajas Becerra, "Entrada de los Insurgentes a la Villa de San Miguel El Grande, la tarde del Domingo, 16 de Septiembre de 1801."
578:
1389:
1339:
735:
197:, as king. In New Spain the creole leadership attempted to set a course of autonomy and in support of the legitimate heir to the throne,
1544:
1234:
606:
did not give the Grito in Dolores Hidalgo in any of his six years as president, becoming the fourth president to break the tradition.
201:, but the peninsular elite fearing loss of the colony carried out a coup, also in the name of Ferdinand. Almost immediately groups of
1456:
Gloria Cisneros Lenoir, Miguel Guzman Peredo, 1985, Miguel Hidalgo y la Ruta de la Independencia, Bertelsmann de Mexico, p. 87.
767:
1567:
734:, who fought annually during Independence Day week from 1991 to 1995. All but one of these bouts were held in Las Vegas, with his
1582:
1525:
1290:
236:
Scholars have not been able to reach a consensus on the exact words Miguel Hidalgo said at the time. Michael Meyer has noted:
1719:
1506:
921:
883:
1813:
1681:
694:
is waved, and everyone sings the National Anthem, followed by fireworks. There are also celebrations in schools throughout
570:
1460:
Costeloe, Michael (1 January 1997). "The Junta Patriótica and the Celebration of Independence in Mexico City, 1825–1855".
1315:
217:, he addressed the people in front of his church, urging them to revolt. His speech became known as the "Cry of Dolores".
1059:
1575:
1549:
1808:
1433:
1016:
987:
618:
367:
228:
11 years and 12 days later, on 28 September 1821. However, Hidalgo is credited as being the "father of his country".
1198:
349:
1089:
637:
385:
17:
621:(PRI). On 15 September 2016, a month after the president appeared to be humiliated by U.S. presidential candidate
1848:
778:
in 2024 (where all but one of the matches featured at least one fighter of Mexican or Mexican-American descent).
341:
138:. The Cry of Dolores is most commonly known by the locals as "El Grito de Independencia" (The Independence Cry).
1858:
1853:
1833:
1119:
1033:
759:
345:
711:
641:
636:
The Grito was also disrupted in 2006 by a demonstration called the Plantón. Crowds loyal to losing candidate
554:
in honor of the holiday starts in the Zócalo and its outskirts, passes the Hidalgo Memorial and ends on the
295:
1418:
Fernández Tejedo, Isabel; Nava Nava, Carmen (2001). "Images of Independence in the Nineteenth Century: The
551:
957:
667:" of "¡Viva México!" at the commencement of Independence Day festivities at 11 pm on 16 September 2008 in
461:
678:
Similar celebrations to the presidential one occur in cities and towns throughout Mexico, and in Mexican
221:
169:
Close-up of balcony where the president of Mexico gives the annual 'Grito de Dolores' on Independence Day
135:
72:
526:
1843:
1818:
1170:"En el Zócalo, miles de acarreados para la ovación; afuera, miles de indignados exigen renuncia de EPN"
617:
During Peña Nieto's presidency, the Grito became an occasion for political protest against him and his
710:
is known for hosting cultural events—including concerts and sporting events—appealing to Mexicans and
1755:
1691:
1676:
1605:
127:
45:
706:
As Mexico has historically been one of the largest sources of tourism to the region, the US city of
274:(native Spaniards) could sympathize. However, the strong anti-Spanish cry of "Death to Gachupines" (
220:
The liberated country adopted Mexico as its official name. Mexico's independence from Spain took a
1828:
1597:
599:
414:
330:
303:
150:
1714:
1642:
727:
609:
Many presidents add their "personal touch" to the Grito and this can be controversial. President
544:
454:
334:
413:
Every 15 September at around 11 p.m., the President of Mexico stands on the balcony of the
380:
193:
in 1808, Spain's American possessions rose in rebellion, refusing to accept Napoleon's brother,
1838:
75:, by repeating the words of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in the early morning of 16 September 1810
1823:
165:
603:
173:
1145:"'Resign now' thousands of Mexicans tell president Peña Nieto at Independence Day protest"
252:
In contrast, William F. Cloud divides the sentiments above between Hidalgo and the crowd:
8:
1650:
803:
555:
298:, ratified by the conventions of 1822 and 1824, and first celebrated nationally in 1825.
146:
770:(with a main event featuring the promotion's first women's champion of Mexican descent,
1740:
1735:
1671:
1477:
755:
679:
202:
1522:
802:
is a place name. Overliteral translations such as "shout of pains", sometimes made by
746:
instead. The tradition was later taken up by other boxers of Mexican descent, such as
591:
1745:
1706:
1619:
1502:
1439:
1429:
1012:
1005:
983:
935:"En Huichapan, Hidalgo, se dio el primer "Grito de Independencia" hace casi 200 años"
917:
897:
879:
648:
479:
1220:"A lo Miguel Hidalgo, Dolores tendrá su grito de independencia a pesar del COVID-19"
751:
625:, thousands of citizens marched, yelled, and carried signs. They tried to enter the
257:
Guadalupe! Long live America! Death to bad government, and death to the Gachupines!'
1498:
1494:
1469:
1365:"Ranking the UFC 306 storylines: How Sphere, Suga Sean will shape a historic event"
747:
739:
598:
on 16 September 2010, even though he had already done so the night before from the
194:
190:
1627:
1768:
1763:
1750:
1556:
1529:
1423:
672:
468:
291:
210:
131:
123:
49:
691:
664:
537:
536:
After the recitation, the President rings the bell one last time and waves the
447:
437:
418:
263:
1086:"Calderón revive grito original en magnos festejos por bicentenario de México"
1802:
1686:
1561:
1443:
1063:
594:
made an exception by re-enacting the Grito in Dolores Hidalgo as part of the
198:
1696:
1666:
771:
622:
83:
683:
525:
Beneath the balcony of the National Palace, there is a large crowd in the
206:
1779:
1235:"Mexican Independence Day celebration being held this weekend in El Paso"
668:
610:
475:
270:
214:
154:
559:
278:
being a slur given to Peninsulares) would have shocked Mexico's elites.
275:
142:
1784:
1632:
1489:
Archer, Christon I. (2011). "Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821)".
1481:
938:
1291:"'Huge weekend' forecast as Las Vegas celebrates Mexican Independence"
633:(poor people or hand-picked party members) as a fake show of support.
743:
707:
654:
287:
182:
1473:
1422:, History and Myth". In William H. Beezly and David E. Lorey (ed.).
626:
530:
319:
1425:¡Viva Mexico! ¡Viva la independencia!: Celebrations of September 16
731:
659:
262:
to the Catholic religion, a sentiment with which both Mexican-born
186:
1262:"Mexico again the leading source of foreign visitors to Las Vegas"
39:
798:
means "pains" or "sorrows" in Spanish; in this context, however,
775:
582:
Our Lady of Sorrows Parish in Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Mexico
205:
began forming various plots around the viceroyalty, including in
1316:"Why Hispanic Heritage Month starts in the middle of September"
762:
beginning to host a Las Vegas event on the weekend promoted as
722:
695:
61:
1034:"How to Celebrate Mexico's Independence Day: Grito de Dolores"
1340:"Why Mexican Independence Day is huge for the fight calendar"
1535:
Bibliography and Hemerography: Miguel Hidalgo and Costilla.
1060:"Mexico Celebrates Its Bicentennial – Photo Gallery – Life"
126:, Mexico, on 16 September 1810, when Roman Catholic priest
309:
1540:
Miguel Hidalgo and Costilla – Documents of 1810 and 1811.
1417:
1110:
550:
On the morning of 16 September, or Independence Day, the
899:
Church and State or Mexican Politics from Cortez to Diaz
286:
The day of 16 September was first celebrated in 1812 in
294:. It was given the status of a national holiday in the
27:
Call to arms triggering the Mexican War of Independence
520:
Long Live Mexico! Long Live Mexico! Long Live Mexico!
980:
The Hidalgo Revolt: Prelude to Mexican Independence
830:(New York: Hill and Wang, 2009), pp. 49–52, 64–68.'
1004:
714:on and around 16 September. In the United States,
655:Celebrations by governors and municipal presidents
562:" memorial column and other places along the way.
955:
916:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.
226:Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire
181:In the 1810s, what would become Mexico was still
1800:
895:
854:Virginia Guedea, "Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla" in
1390:"UFC to hold event at Las Vegas Sphere in 2024"
1142:
902:. Kansas City, Mo: Peck & Clark, Printers.
499:Long live the heroes who gave us our homeland!
1583:
1172:(in Spanish). Periodicocentral.mx. 2016-09-15
1113:"El Grito: símbolo, fiesta, mito e identidad"
1052:
878:, p. 276, New York: Oxford University Press
845:(New York: Hill and Wang, 2009), pp. 70–71.
1031:
348:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1590:
1576:
754:. The tradition has also been extended to
388:at the National Palace balcony during the
231:
149:re-enacts the cry from the balcony of the
38:
1545:Chronology of Miguel Hidalgo and Costilla
858:, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997, p. 640.
686:, and ending with the threefold shout of
558:, Mexico City's main boulevard, passing "
488:¡Viva México! ¡Viva México! ¡Viva México!
368:Learn how and when to remove this message
1677:Aniversario de la Expropiación petrolera
1523:Mexico connect.com: "El Grito" (The Cry)
1459:
1111:Fernando Serrano Migallón (April 2008).
768:UFC Fight Night: Grasso vs. Shevchenko 2
658:
640:protested alleged irregularities in the
577:
569:
443:¡Vivan los héroes que nos dieron patria!
395:
379:
172:
164:
1647:Transmisión del Poder Ejecutivo Federal
1288:
906:
866:
864:
543:This is followed by the playing of the
310:Presidential celebration at Mexico City
281:
185:, part of the Spanish crown. Following
14:
1801:
1488:
1313:
1191:"Mexicans Rally in Support of Recount"
1002:
977:
651:caused the Grito to be done remotely.
1715:Natalicio de José Ma. Morelos y Pavón
1571:
1284:
1282:
1256:
1254:
1032:Saint-Louis, Miya (9 November 2015).
1232:
958:"El grito de Dolores de 1812 a 1968"
956:Emmanuel Carballo (September 2009).
861:
565:
517:Long live the nation's independence!
508:Long live Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez!
346:adding citations to reliable sources
313:
1078:
574:Grito de Dolores, 16 September 1810
224:. Independence was achieved by the
24:
1550:Mexico Celebrates Its Bicentennial
1462:Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos
1411:
1279:
1251:
960:(in Spanish). University of México
806:software, are therefore incorrect.
690:The bell rings a second time, the
130:rang his church bell and gave the
25:
1870:
1516:
843:The Mexican Wars for Independence
828:The Mexican Wars for Independence
701:
619:Institutional Revolutionary Party
1599:
716:National Hispanic Heritage Month
663:Municipal president giving the "
485:¡Viva la Independencia Nacional!
318:
1711:Consumación de la Independencia
1382:
1357:
1332:
1307:
1233:Paso, City of El (2019-09-10).
1226:
1212:
1183:
1162:
1136:
1104:
1025:
996:
982:. University of Florida Press.
971:
514:Long live Aldama and Matamoros!
1499:10.1002/9781444338232.wbeow399
1011:. Cambridge University Press.
949:
927:
889:
848:
835:
820:
788:
540:to the applause of the crowd.
409:Video of the ceremony in 2022.
392:Mexico City, 15 September 2023
71:Commemorates the start of the
13:
1:
1776:Día de la Virgen de Guadalupe
1289:Horwath, Bryan (2022-09-17).
1143:James Fredrick (2016-09-16).
876:The Course of Mexican History
813:
1314:Andone, Dakin (2021-09-15).
1118:(in Spanish). Archived from
1088:(in Spanish). Archived from
941:. 2010-09-16. Archived from
560:El Ángel de la Independencia
189:'s overthrow of the Spanish
7:
1814:Mexican War of Independence
1789:Dia de los Santos Inocentes
1692:Natalicio de Miguel Hidalgo
1682:Heroica Defensa de Veracruz
742:occurring at San Antonio's
638:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
386:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
136:Mexican War of Independence
73:Mexican War of Independence
10:
1875:
1773:Día de los Fieles Difuntos
1628:Natalicio de Benito Juárez
296:Constitution of Apatzingán
160:
48:in front of the church in
1728:
1720:Descubrimiento de América
1659:
1612:
1606:Public holidays in Mexico
912:Kirkwood, Burton (2000).
896:William F. Cloud (1896).
596:bicentennial celebrations
462:Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez
145:of Independence Day, the
128:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
119:
104:
89:
79:
67:
57:
46:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
37:
32:
1809:Fiestas Patrias (Mexico)
1266:Las Vegas Review-Journal
1007:Mexico: The Colonial Era
978:Hamill, Hugh M. (1966).
781:
552:national military parade
527:Plaza de la Constitución
244:Meyer also argues that:
1769:Día de Todos los Santos
1736:Día de los Santos Reyes
1707:Día de los Niños Héroes
1491:The Encyclopedia of War
721:Since the early-1990s,
545:Mexican national anthem
232:Exact words and meaning
1849:Political catchphrases
1624:Día de la Constitución
856:Encyclopedia of Mexico
841:Timothy J. Henderson,
826:Timothy J. Henderson,
766:beginning with 2023's
675:
583:
575:
410:
393:
259:
250:
242:
178:
170:
1859:September 1810 events
1854:September observances
1834:History of Guanajuato
1092:on September 19, 2010
1003:Knight, Alan (2002).
662:
581:
573:
408:
383:
254:
246:
238:
176:
168:
1643:Día de la Revolución
1638:Día de Independencia
342:improve this section
282:National festivities
1741:Día de San Valentín
804:machine translation
556:Paseo de la Reforma
147:President of Mexico
134:that triggered the
33:El Grito de Dolores
1760:Día del estudiante
1613:Statutory holidays
1555:2010-09-21 at the
1528:2008-12-21 at the
1151:. London Telegraph
1040:. Inside-Out Media
794:As a common noun,
756:mixed martial arts
728:Julio César Chávez
712:Hispanic Americans
676:
604:Enrique Peña Nieto
584:
576:
511:Long live Allende!
505:Long live Morelos!
502:Long live Hidalgo!
411:
394:
179:
171:
141:Every year on the
1844:Independence days
1819:1810 in New Spain
1796:
1795:
1751:Día de las Madres
1672:Día de la Bandera
1508:978-1-4051-9037-4
1195:Los Angeles Times
922:978-0-313-30351-7
914:History of Mexico
884:978-0-19-502413-5
649:COVID-19 pandemic
566:Recent exceptions
529:(also called the
406:
378:
377:
370:
304:patriotic holiday
112:
111:
93:16 September 2025
16:(Redirected from
1866:
1702:Grito de Dolores
1697:Día de la Marina
1667:Día del Ejército
1604:
1603:
1602:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1512:
1485:
1447:
1420:Grito de Dolores
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1286:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1197:. Archived from
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1117:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1062:. Archived from
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1010:
1000:
994:
993:
975:
969:
968:
966:
965:
953:
947:
946:
931:
925:
910:
904:
903:
893:
887:
870:Meyer, Michael,
868:
859:
852:
846:
839:
833:
824:
807:
792:
748:Oscar De La Hoya
740:Pernell Whitaker
730:and his manager
642:general election
407:
373:
366:
362:
359:
353:
322:
314:
195:Joseph Bonaparte
191:Bourbon monarchy
120:Grito de Dolores
100:
98:
58:Observed by
42:
30:
29:
21:
18:Grito de Dolores
1874:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1829:Colonial Mexico
1799:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1756:Día del Maestro
1724:
1655:
1633:Día del Trabajo
1608:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1559:– slideshow by
1557:Wayback Machine
1530:Wayback Machine
1519:
1509:
1474:10.2307/1051865
1436:
1414:
1412:Further reading
1409:
1408:
1399:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1374:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1322:
1312:
1308:
1299:
1297:
1287:
1280:
1271:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1243:
1241:
1231:
1227:
1222:. 31 July 2020.
1218:
1217:
1213:
1204:
1202:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1154:
1152:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1066:on 11 June 2011
1058:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1001:
997:
990:
976:
972:
963:
961:
954:
950:
933:
932:
928:
911:
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592:Felipe Calderón
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211:Ignacio Allende
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423:¡Viva México!
420:
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327:This section
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1824:Battle cries
1746:Día del Niño
1701:
1637:
1560:
1490:
1468:(1): 21–53.
1465:
1461:
1424:
1419:
1398:. Retrieved
1396:. 2023-11-14
1393:
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1371:. 2024-09-09
1368:
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1346:. 2023-09-15
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1294:
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1268:. 2023-06-18
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1199:the original
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1064:the original
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1038:iexplore.com
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842:
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799:
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790:
772:Alexa Grasso
763:
720:
705:
692:Mexican flag
688:Viva Mexico!
687:
677:
646:
635:
630:
623:Donald Trump
616:
608:
589:
585:
549:
542:
535:
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426:
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412:
389:
364:
355:
340:Please help
328:
300:
285:
271:Peninsulares
269:
264:
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255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
219:
180:
140:
132:call to arms
115:
113:
84:16 September
68:Significance
52:, Guanajuato
44:A statue of
1780:Las Posadas
1729:Festivities
669:Ixmiquilpan
611:Vicente Fox
215:Juan Aldama
155:Mexico City
1803:Categories
1785:Nochebuena
1400:2024-06-28
1375:2024-09-15
1350:2024-06-28
1325:2024-09-15
1300:2024-06-28
1272:2024-06-28
1244:2021-09-09
1205:2018-09-17
1176:2017-01-23
1155:2017-09-15
1129:2012-04-25
964:2017-09-15
939:La Jornada
814:References
736:1993 fight
631:acarreados
590:President
384:President
276:Gachupines
118:(Spanish:
97:2025-09-16
1620:Año Nuevo
1444:248568379
764:Noche UFC
744:Alamodome
708:Las Vegas
680:embassies
496:Mexicans!
480:Matamoros
438:Mexicanos
329:does not
288:Huichapan
207:Querétaro
183:New Spain
105:Frequency
1553:Archived
1526:Archived
1394:ESPN.com
1369:ESPN.com
1344:ESPN.com
874:(1979).
738:against
732:Don King
684:patriots
265:Criollos
187:Napoleon
1651:Navidad
1482:1051865
1096:8 April
1070:8 April
800:Dolores
796:dolores
776:UFC 306
774:), and
758:, with
673:Hidalgo
493:English
474:¡Vivan
469:Allende
455:Morelos
448:Hidalgo
433:Spanish
350:removed
335:sources
292:Hidalgo
203:creoles
161:History
124:Dolores
95: (
1505:
1480:
1442:
1432:
1015:
986:
920:
882:
723:boxing
696:Mexico
627:Zócalo
531:Zócalo
476:Aldama
467:¡Viva
460:¡Viva
453:¡Viva
446:¡Viva
108:Annual
62:Mexico
1478:JSTOR
1123:(PDF)
1116:(PDF)
872:et al
782:Notes
665:grito
390:Grito
1503:ISBN
1440:OCLC
1430:ISBN
1239:KFOX
1098:2011
1072:2011
1046:2016
1013:ISBN
984:ISBN
918:ISBN
880:ISBN
750:and
333:any
331:cite
268:and
213:and
114:The
80:Date
1495:doi
1470:doi
1320:CNN
760:UFC
344:by
153:in
143:eve
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1293:.
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440:!
436:¡
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365:(
360:)
356:(
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338:.
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