847:
1560:
966:
1192:
1721:
647:
7231:
4346:
1602:
725:
1470:
545:
3323:
25:
674:
7238:
93:
1700:
1534:
659:
1580:
1623:
733:
954:
2983:
1679:
1131:
1645:
1100:, who thereupon displaced her uncle, Carlos, in the line of succession. After Ferdinand's death, Carlos revolted and said he was the legitimate king. Needing support, Maria Christina, as regent for her daughter, turned to the liberals. She issued a decree of amnesty on 23 October 1833. Liberals who had been in exile returned and dominated Spanish politics for decades, leading to the
831:, and thus began his procession towards Madrid. During this process and in the following months, he was encouraged by conservatives and the Church hierarchy to reject the constitution. On 4 May he ordered its abolition, and on 10 May had the liberal leaders responsible for the constitution arrested. Ferdinand justified his actions by claiming that the constitution had been made by a
934:
with Spain. However, Ferdinand, refusing to recognize
Mexican independence or be bound by a constitution, decreed that the Mexican constitution was "void", declined the Mexican crown, and stated that no European prince could accede to the Mexican throne. The imperial crown was consequently given to
782:
reversed itself and declared null and void the abdications of
Bayonne on 11 August 1808. On 24 August, Ferdinand VII was proclaimed king of Spain again, and negotiations between the council and the provincial juntas for the establishment of a Supreme Central Junta were completed. On 14 January 1809
2874:
Der
Elephanten-Orden und seine Ritter: eine historische Abhandlung ĂŒber die ersten Spuren dieses Ordens und dessen fernere Entwicklung bis zu seiner gegenwĂ€rtigen Gestalt, und nĂ€chstdem ein Material zur Personalhistorie, nach den Quellen des Königlichen Geheimen-Staatsarchivs und des Königlichen
1028:
upon his return, but now they had become identified with repression and absolutism among the liberals, who attacked them: twenty-five
Jesuits were slain in Madrid in 1822. For the rest of the 19th century, liberal political regimes expelled the Jesuits, and authoritarian regimes reinstated them.
879:
in 1814, "himself enters the houses of his prime ministers, arrests them, and hands them over to their cruel enemies;" and again, on 14 January 1815, "the king has so debased himself that he has become no more than the leading police agent and prison warden of his country."
602:
overthrew him; he linked his monarchy to counter-revolution and reactionary policies that produced a deep rift in Spain between his forces on the right and liberals on the left. Back in power in
December 1813, he re-established the absolutist monarchy and rejected the
487:
Fernando
Francisco de Paula Domingo Vincente Ferrer Antonio JosĂ© JoaquĂn Pascual Diego Juan Nepomuceno Januario Francisco Javier Rafael Miguel Gabriel Calisto Cayetano Fausto Luis Raimundo Gregorio Lorenzo JerĂłnimo de BorbĂłn y
746:
Charles IV abdicated in March 1808. Ferdinand ascended the throne and turned to
Napoleon for support. He abdicated on 6 May 1808, and thereafter Napoleon kept Ferdinand under guard in France for six years at the
1116:
wrote that
Ferdinand was "in many ways the basest king in Spanish history. Cowardly, selfish, grasping, suspicious, and vengeful, D. Fernando seemed almost incapable of any perception of the commonwealth."
930:. The imperial constitution contemplated that the monarch would be "a Spanish prince," and Iturbide and O'DonojĂș intended to offer the Mexican Imperial Crown to Ferdinand VII himself to rule Mexico in
1069:) saw the restoration of absolutism, the re-establishment of traditional university programs and the suppression of any opposition, both by the Liberal Party and by the reactionary revolt (known as "
7783:
7778:
814:. Ferdinand soon found that in the intervening years a new world had been born of foreign invasion and domestic revolution. In his name Spain fought for its independence and in his name as well
2721:
206:
824:. Before being allowed onto Spanish soil, Ferdinand had to guarantee the liberals that he would govern on the basis of the constitution, but only gave lukewarm indications he would do so.
704:. In his youth Ferdinand occupied the position of an heir apparent who was excluded from any participation in government by his parents and their favourite advisor and Prime Minister,
7768:
7848:
7833:
7275:
7466:
7758:
7378:
835:
illegally assembled in his absence, without his consent and without the traditional form. (It had met as a unicameral body, instead of in three chambers representing the
7603:
1196:
802:
Five years later after experiencing serious setbacks on many fronts, Napoleon agreed on 11 December 1813 to acknowledge
Ferdinand VII as king of Spain, and signed the
7363:
7319:
2998:
4401:, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain. Previously, the title Infante had been largely used in the different realms.
7838:
7748:
7728:
7373:
820:
had governed
Spanish America. Spain was no longer the absolute monarchy he had relinquished six years earlier. Instead he was now asked to rule under the liberal
7515:
2293:
Francisco Balagtas and the Roots of Filipino Nationalism: Life and Times of the Great Filipino Poet and His Legacy of Literary Excellence and Political Activism
185:
7763:
7412:
7265:
7393:
7598:
7348:
5267:
7442:
875:
of his favorites, although his government seemed unstable. Whimsical and ferocious by turns, he changed his ministers every few months. "The king," wrote
7808:
7544:
638:
upon his death. His political legacy has remained contested since his death; some historians regard him as incompetent, despotic, and short-sighted.
839:: the clergy, the nobility and the cities.) Ferdinand initially promised to convene a traditional Cortes, but never did so, thereby reasserting the
7788:
7549:
7338:
6824:
623:, restoring him to absolute power for the second time. He suppressed the liberal press from 1814 to 1833, jailing many of its editors and writers.
7520:
2730:
2613:
7798:
7185:
7148:
7121:
118:
7828:
7818:
7753:
2937:
Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans
1426:
466:
7608:
7422:
4308:
7285:
4024:
1510:
7813:
7481:
7476:
1065:
During his last years, Ferdinand's political appointments became more stable. The last ten years of his reign (sometimes referred to as the
7304:
6819:
3475:
846:
7383:
7353:
708:. National discontent with the government produced a rebellion in 1805. In October 1807, Ferdinand was arrested for his complicity in the
7843:
7657:
7471:
7427:
5136:
4810:
4379:
4316:
4100:
3261:
1628:
1215:
7662:
7255:
3003:
1062:
made known his protest against Ferdinand's actions by refusing the Spanish decorations Ferdinand offered him for his military services.
797:
7773:
4651:
5064:
4702:
7491:
5084:
4944:
4748:
568:
during the early 19th century. He reigned briefly in 1808 and then again from 1813 to his death in 1833. Before 1813 he was known as
756:
7853:
7823:
7708:
7343:
6729:
888:
859:
7496:
7486:
7091:
6749:
5126:
4554:
4465:
4641:
3322:
985:, or military uprisings, during the king's second reign. The first came in in September 1814, three months after the end of the
7703:
7432:
2467:
7309:
7280:
2378:
7733:
7642:
6949:
6849:
6769:
4769:
4692:
4491:
4470:
4292:
4212:
4132:
4116:
1737:
1092:, again allowing daughters to succeed to the Spanish throne as well as sons. This decree had originally been approved by the
855:
627:
681:
6654:
4300:
4276:
1036:
620:
2493:
7574:
7178:
6744:
5186:
4646:
4496:
4220:
3560:
1538:
1377:
1271:
810:) for causing the Napoleonic occupation and the Peninsular War by allying Spain too closely to France, at first welcomed
544:
421:
6382:
4835:
1059:
7025:
5626:
5044:
4733:
3550:
2942:
Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living
2800:[Chronological list of knights of the Order of the Holy Spirit from its origin to its extinction (1578â1830)].
2780:
766:
as king of Spain, the Spanish people did not. Uprisings broke out throughout the country, marking the beginning of the
322:
4682:
3507:
1096:
in 1789, but it had never been officially promulgated. On 10 October 1830, Ferdinand's wife gave birth to a daughter,
7743:
7723:
6944:
6939:
6924:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6764:
6739:
6367:
5196:
4830:
4779:
4738:
4615:
4140:
4052:
4017:
3540:
2798:"Liste chronologique des chevaliers de l'ordre du Saint-Esprit depuis son origine jusqu'Ă son extinction (1578â1830)"
2585:
2301:
2274:
1709:
1500:
1178:
1024:, beginning with a mutiny of the troops under Riego. The king was quickly taken prisoner. Ferdinand had restored the
965:
68:
46:
1160:
220:
39:
7652:
7564:
7388:
6954:
6809:
6789:
5298:
4861:
4820:
4728:
4697:
4610:
4590:
3468:
192:
160:
6814:
5069:
7260:
7030:
6859:
6734:
6090:
5495:
4600:
4372:
4068:
3254:
2729:(in Portuguese), Ajuda National Palace, Lisbon: Portuguese Commission on Discoveries, p. 232, archived from
1219:
2700:
2671:
2642:
762:
While the upper echelons of the Spanish government accepted his abdication and Napoleon's choice of his brother
7738:
7171:
7070:
6754:
6699:
6694:
6050:
5928:
5571:
5449:
5272:
4815:
4784:
4743:
3585:
3575:
3512:
2692:
2663:
2634:
2451:
2291:
2264:
1520:
1264:
1156:
1152:
388:
293:
7613:
7136:
3095:
7793:
7713:
7206:
7194:
7126:
7096:
5757:
5049:
4937:
4789:
4434:
4398:
4180:
4156:
4076:
3903:
3502:
3339:
3283:
2895:
1665:
1584:
1279:
6704:
6437:
6336:
6004:
2169:
1047:, and of reconciling that fine kingdom with Europe." In May 1823 the revolutionary party moved Ferdinand to
7803:
7718:
7539:
7116:
6854:
6029:
5777:
5692:
5404:
5116:
4672:
4332:
4010:
2879:
2618:
1451:
1256:
1021:
911:
821:
736:
604:
7554:
3535:
7461:
7437:
6155:
5857:
5591:
5545:
5540:
5313:
5257:
4972:
4774:
3461:
1726:
907:
213:
5469:
1191:
7101:
6912:
6794:
6528:
5933:
5817:
5520:
5252:
5074:
5000:
4986:
4965:
4753:
4620:
4429:
4365:
4172:
3984:
3484:
3247:
1480:
1089:
1033:
884:
98:
7417:
6834:
6659:
6226:
958:
806:
so that the king could return to Spain. The Spanish people, blaming the policies of the Francophiles (
178:
7358:
6995:
6664:
6457:
6236:
6180:
6130:
6009:
5762:
5742:
5586:
5535:
5510:
5439:
5419:
5338:
5239:
4993:
4707:
4687:
4439:
4188:
1241:
1223:
646:
6251:
5882:
5862:
5672:
5358:
5094:
1418:
755:
records that the choice of Valençay was a practical joke by Napoleon on his former foreign minister
199:
7647:
7368:
6990:
6774:
6614:
6432:
6231:
6175:
6170:
6105:
6034:
5902:
5802:
5641:
5581:
5429:
4930:
4856:
4825:
4605:
4124:
3992:
3728:
3279:
3182:
3157:
1957:
1732:
1610:
1588:
1542:
1414:
1319:
1237:
1141:
748:
631:
533:
355:
33:
7579:
6689:
6362:
5697:
4677:
7270:
7040:
6709:
6563:
6135:
6055:
5943:
5812:
5797:
5732:
5727:
5500:
5434:
5328:
5211:
4794:
4475:
3988:
2839:
2826:
1275:
1145:
7015:
6301:
6266:
5353:
2664:"Caballeros Grandes Cruces Existentes en la Real y Distinguida Orden Española de Carlos Tercero"
1112:
Ferdinand VII's reign is typically criticized by historians, even in his own country. Historian
866:â carrying tax revenues from the Spanish Empire â were interrupted. Spain was all but bankrupt.
7688:
7633:
7075:
7035:
7020:
7000:
6975:
6829:
6573:
6488:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6422:
6412:
6316:
6271:
6256:
5787:
5505:
5409:
5384:
5343:
5293:
5277:
4636:
4260:
3879:
3699:
3618:
3555:
3303:
2797:
2622:(Online version of art exhibition catalogue). About: Patronage: Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony.
1925:
1899:
1474:
990:
936:
883:
The king did recognize the efforts of foreign powers on his behalf. As the head of the Spanish
863:
771:
724:
709:
50:
7618:
6980:
5667:
3870:
3714:
2921:
2917:
2558:
915:
7506:
6779:
6679:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6483:
6372:
6296:
6286:
6120:
6060:
5989:
5822:
5772:
5707:
5702:
5379:
5206:
5089:
4574:
4569:
4559:
4244:
4108:
3735:
3694:
3689:
3613:
3595:
3565:
3545:
3299:
2048:
1688:
7569:
5712:
5308:
2935:
2773:
Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers
2575:
858:
had broken out in the Americas, and although many of the republican rebels were divided and
803:
7698:
7693:
7530:
7060:
7010:
6624:
6513:
6503:
6478:
6377:
6311:
6125:
6115:
6095:
6075:
5984:
5964:
5842:
5636:
5561:
5363:
4564:
4092:
4044:
3957:
3764:
3704:
3666:
3590:
3530:
3397:
3231:
3192:
2107:
1805:
1490:
1386:
1283:
1097:
1070:
927:
836:
693:
523:
7559:
6684:
5938:
5807:
5747:
5646:
5576:
2495:
Who Should Rule?: Men of Arms, the Republic of Letters, and the Fall of the Spanish Empire
2201:
994:
923:
8:
7589:
7403:
7295:
7065:
6844:
6839:
6568:
6518:
6402:
6387:
6291:
6185:
6085:
5999:
5887:
5847:
5767:
5737:
5717:
5651:
5616:
5566:
5530:
5525:
5485:
5348:
5333:
5318:
5303:
5262:
5039:
4595:
4501:
4444:
4252:
4228:
4196:
4084:
3962:
3923:
3913:
3860:
3801:
3782:
3646:
3580:
3402:
3359:
3349:
3312:
3209:
3150:
1863:
1656:
1633:
1564:
1245:
1055:
876:
689:
513:
273:
138:
7667:
6306:
5601:
5596:
5444:
2872:
1282:, who was also the brother of Ferdinand's first wife. They had two surviving daughters,
919:
850:
Francisco Goya â Portrait of Ferdinand VII of Spain in his robes of state (1815) â Prado
775:
673:
7329:
7246:
7215:
7111:
7106:
7050:
7005:
6934:
6804:
6649:
6639:
6634:
6553:
6493:
6341:
6261:
6221:
6205:
6195:
6165:
6150:
6140:
6100:
6070:
6024:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5752:
5687:
5459:
5424:
5399:
5201:
5151:
5101:
5079:
5059:
5054:
4656:
4460:
4413:
4204:
4164:
4060:
4033:
3918:
3908:
3830:
3825:
3806:
3741:
3671:
3661:
3623:
3605:
3488:
3354:
3344:
3216:
3077:
2693:"Caballeros Grandes Cruces Existentes en la Real Orden Americana de Isabel la Catolica"
2143:
1606:
1410:
1234:
1044:
1040:
779:
743:
651:
616:
595:
7220:
5897:
5827:
5792:
5782:
3681:
3522:
2328:
Year: 1808â1825; Weight: 27,02 gram; Composition: Silver â 89,6%; Diameter: 38,5 mm â
2316:
Year: 1808â1811; Weight: 27,02 gram; Composition: Silver â 90,3%; Diameter: 38,5 mm â
7452:
6462:
6427:
6397:
6357:
6331:
6321:
6276:
6246:
6200:
6145:
6065:
6014:
5994:
5979:
5969:
5948:
5892:
5852:
5677:
5611:
5606:
5464:
5394:
5247:
5166:
5161:
4148:
4002:
3942:
3894:
3884:
3722:
3651:
3628:
3422:
3387:
3377:
3308:
3270:
3060:
Woodward, Margaret L. (1968). "The Spanish Army and the Loss of America, 1810â1824".
2776:
2581:
2447:
2297:
2270:
2080:
2021:
1837:
1779:
1260:
1051:, where he continued to make promises of constitutional amendment until he was free.
774:
were established to control regions in opposition to the new French king. After the
635:
565:
449:
7163:
5918:
3570:
2971:
2960:
2329:
2317:
92:
7623:
6985:
6869:
6669:
6508:
6407:
6392:
6241:
6190:
6110:
6019:
5974:
5923:
5837:
5722:
5631:
5621:
5515:
5454:
5216:
4549:
4236:
3947:
3933:
3816:
3656:
3407:
3382:
3200:
3167:
3121:
3113:
3069:
3046:
1568:
1113:
1093:
1025:
1006:
840:
832:
763:
608:
557:
503:
482:
243:
148:
7314:
6759:
6864:
6799:
6784:
6674:
6558:
6548:
6523:
6498:
6326:
6160:
5682:
5490:
5414:
5389:
5141:
5029:
4953:
3759:
2944:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. pp. 9, 96.
2911:
2899:
2855:
1705:
1014:
981:
971:
948:
612:
579:
7131:
2825:(1851), "Von Seiner MajestÀt dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter"
658:
570:
7143:
7055:
7045:
6578:
6417:
6281:
6080:
5832:
5176:
5156:
5146:
5106:
4979:
3638:
3331:
3291:
1650:
1208:
1066:
1002:
986:
931:
896:
767:
5191:
2266:
Royal Splendor in the Enlightenment: Charles IV of Spain, Patron and Collector
1211:, and the third died of "a fever". His fourth wife outlived him by 45 years.
712:
in which the rebels aimed at securing foreign support from the French Emperor
7682:
6619:
5323:
5181:
5111:
4851:
3751:
3437:
3051:
3035:"Moderados and Exaltados: The Liberal Opposition to Ferdinand VII, 1814â1823"
3034:
3007:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 267â268.
2994:
2989:
591:
113:
1248:. They had a daughter who lived only five months, and a stillborn daughter.
815:
5171:
5007:
3952:
3432:
3392:
3013:
2823:
Liste der Ritter des Königlich PreuĂischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler
2760:(in Portuguese), Encontro Europeu de AssociaçÔes de FalerĂstica, p. 26
2374:
1204:
1101:
1043:, for the sake of preserving the throne of Spain to a fellow descendant of
998:
935:
Iturbide himself, but the Mexican Empire collapsed and was replaced by the
892:
752:
705:
732:
716:. When the conspiracy was discovered, Ferdinand submitted to his parents.
6959:
6929:
6917:
6874:
6629:
4723:
4284:
4268:
3972:
3855:
3427:
3417:
2554:
1445:
1405:
1365:
1345:
1227:
953:
759:, the owner of the chĂąteau, for his lack of interest in Spanish affairs.
697:
677:
662:
587:
462:
304:
269:
253:
576:
6644:
3835:
3369:
3081:
900:
152:
3453:
7197:
4877:
4324:
3850:
3840:
3442:
1077:
871:
666:
4357:
3239:
3073:
1130:
783:
the British government acknowledged Ferdinand VII as king of Spain.
6609:
3845:
2755:
713:
599:
4922:
2988:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2892:
1048:
4388:
2870:
1684:
1440:
498:
7784:
Grand Crosses of the Royal and Military Order of San Hermenegild
7779:
Grand Masters of the Royal and Military Order of San Hermenegild
2614:"Italian Masterpieces from Spain's Royal Court, Museo del Prado"
2577:
Divided Kingdom: The Spanish Monarchy from Isabel to Juan Carlos
2468:"ÂżPor quĂ© firmaron Iturbide y O'DonojĂș los Tratados de CĂłrdoba?"
3792:
3774:
1551:
1433:
1393:
1360:
1340:
1333:
1252:
828:
701:
289:
2635:"Caballeros Existentes en la Insignie Orden del Toison de Oro"
1255:, Ferdinand married the daughter of his father's first cousin
926:, which concluded the war of independence and established the
843:
doctrine that sovereign authority resided in his person only.
827:
On 24 March the French handed him over to the Spanish Army in
1400:
2512:
2510:
2508:
7769:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
2560:
The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy 1783â1919
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
1270:
Lastly, on 27 May 1829, Ferdinand married another niece,
1203:
Ferdinand VII married four times. His first wife died of
798:
History of Spain (1810â1873) § Reaction (1814â1820)
2844:. Vol. I. London: Sherratt and Hughes. p. 51.
2802:
Annuaire-bulletin de la Société de l'Histoire de France
2522:
2505:
1370:
Stillborn; Maria Isabel died as a result of her birth.
594:
to the Spanish throne in his youth. Following the 1808
7849:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
7834:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
4912:
consort to an Infanta naturalized as a Spanish Infante
4032:
2860:. l'Académie Imp. des Sciences. 1817. pp. 62, 76.
2387:
2334:
7193:
1226:. Her two pregnancies in 1804 and 1805 both ended in
997:
revolted at La Coruña in the following year. General
869:
Ferdinand's restored autocracy was guided by a small
778:
proved that the Spanish could resist the French, the
611:
forced him to restore the constitution, starting the
2534:
2411:
7759:
Grand Masters of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
2383:. Vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 56.
1032:In the spring of 1823, the restored Bourbon French
615:, a three-year period of liberal rule. In 1823 the
2573:
1001:led an uprising in Barcelona in 1817, and General
2878:. Gedruckt in der Berlingschen Officin. pp.
2330:https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces26230.html
2318:https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces11524.html
7680:
2697:Calendario Manual y GuĂa de Forasteros en Madrid
2668:Calendario Manual y GuĂa de Forasteros en Madrid
2639:Calendario Manual y GuĂa de Forasteros en Madrid
1619:
7839:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
7749:Grand masters of the Order of the Golden Fleece
7729:Burials in the Pantheon of Kings at El Escorial
7122:England expects that every man will do his duty
1058:and the fall of CĂĄdiz, reprisals followed. The
2775:. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 446.
1083:
467:Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier
7764:Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
7179:
4938:
4373:
4018:
3469:
3255:
2757:A Banda de GrĂŁ-Cruz das TrĂȘs Ordens Militares
719:
1274:(1806â1878), daughter of his younger sister
2864:
1216:Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily
1159:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1020:In 1820 a revolt broke out in favor of the
684:with a portrait of King Fernando VII, 1823
564:; 14 October 1784 â 29 September 1833) was
7186:
7172:
4945:
4931:
4380:
4366:
4025:
4011:
3476:
3462:
3262:
3248:
3032:
2871:Johann Heinrich Friedrich Berlien (1846).
2857:Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1817
2719:
2713:
2563:(reprint ed.). CUP. pp. 186â187.
1240:(1797â1818), daughter of his older sister
1005:did the same in Valencia in 1818. In 1820
688:Ferdinand was the eldest surviving son of
669:with a portrait of King Fernando VII, 1810
91:
4749:Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime
4652:Infante Pedro Carlos, Infante of Portugal
3050:
2552:
1179:Learn how and when to remove this message
1088:In May 1830, Ferdinand VII published the
371:
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
7663:Francisco Novella Azabal PĂ©rez y Sicardo
4693:Francisco de AsĂs, King Consort of Spain
3059:
2993:
2753:
2516:
2486:
2349:
1190:
964:
952:
862:sentiment was strong in many areas, the
845:
731:
723:
672:
657:
645:
437:
375:
32:This article includes a list of general
7809:Grand masters of the Order of AlcĂĄntara
7789:Grand masters of the Order of Calatrava
3483:
3062:The Hispanic American Historical Review
2580:. History Press Limited. pp. 6â9.
2289:
404:
338:
7799:Grand masters of the Order of Santiago
7681:
5268:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
4770:Infante Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
4703:Infante SebastiĂĄn, Infante of Portugal
4397:The generations indicate descent from
2969:
2795:
2690:
2661:
2632:
2540:
2528:
2441:
2417:
2393:
2123:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1879:
1769:
1765:
1738:Grand Cross of St. Ferdinand and Merit
696:. Ferdinand was born in the palace of
7829:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter
7819:Grand masters of the Order of Montesa
7754:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
7643:Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont
7487:Juan Antonio de VizarrĂłn y Eguiarreta
7167:
6950:Spanish American wars of independence
4926:
4387:
4361:
4006:
3457:
3269:
3243:
3011:
2600:
2199:
2189:
2185:
2173:
2167:
2157:
2141:
2131:
2127:
2111:
2105:
2095:
2078:
2068:
2064:
2052:
2046:
2036:
2019:
2009:
2005:
1981:
1971:
1955:
1945:
1941:
1929:
1923:
1913:
1897:
1887:
1883:
1867:
1861:
1851:
1835:
1825:
1821:
1809:
1803:
1793:
1777:
1773:
1214:In 1802, he married his first cousin
4673:Infante Antonio, Duke of Montpensier
2958:
2837:
2770:
2429:
2405:
2373:
2361:
2296:. Trademark Publishing Corporation.
1286:succeeded Ferdinand upon his death.
1195:Ferdinand VII and MarĂa Cristina by
1157:adding citations to reliable sources
1124:
957:Equestrian portrait of Ferdinand by
598:, he ascended the throne. That year
235:11 December 1813 â 29 September 1833
18:
6935:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
4952:
4678:Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin
4497:Felipe PrĂłspero, Prince of Asturias
4492:Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias
3039:Hispanic American Historical Review
2965:(Second ed.). Clarendon Press.
2875:Ordenskapitelsarchivs zu Kopenhagen
2720:Trigueiros, AntĂłnio Miguel (1999),
1569:Grand Eagle of the Legion of Honour
1378:Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
1272:Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
1267:(1803â1829). They had no children.
1054:When Ferdinand was freed after the
422:Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
408:
342:
13:
7844:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz
4344:
4034:Princes and Princesses of Asturias
3033:Fehrenbach, Charles Wentz (1970).
3026:
2754:Bragança, José Vicente de (2014),
2497:, p. 175. Oxford University Press.
970:Triumphal welcome of Ferdinand at
682:Viceroyalty of the RĂo de la Plata
323:Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
7865:
7814:Knights of the Order of AlcĂĄntara
7774:Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
7658:Juan José Ruiz de Apodaca y Eliza
7555:Antonio MarĂa de Bucareli y UrsĂșa
4831:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria
4780:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera
4739:Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera
4729:Infante Gaetan, Count of Girgenti
3098:Fernando VII at Historia Antiqua
3089:
2913:Almanacco della real casa e corte
1259:and of his mother's first cousin
634:, and the country entered into a
16:King of Spain, 1808 and 1813â1833
7389:Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas
7236:
7229:
6810:Frederick William III of Prussia
6790:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
4862:Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria
4836:Infante Ălvaro, Duke of Galliera
4821:Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona
4785:Infante Luis Fernando of Orléans
4698:Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville
4591:Infante Felipe, Duke of Calabria
3321:
3021:. Vol. 2. pp. 415â436.
2981:
1719:
1698:
1677:
1643:
1621:
1600:
1578:
1558:
1532:
1519:Founder and Grand Master of the
1511:Military Order of St. Hermengild
1509:Founder and Grand Master of the
1499:Founder and Grand Master of the
1468:
1129:
543:
23:
7854:Children of Charles IV of Spain
7824:Knights of the Order of Montesa
7709:19th-century Navarrese monarchs
7580:Manuel Antonio Flores Maldonado
7467:Francisco FernĂĄndez de la Cueva
7379:Francisco FernĂĄndez de la Cueva
6930:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
6860:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
4683:Infante Juan, Count of MontizĂłn
4642:Infante Carlos, Count of Molina
4575:Infante Luis, Count of ChinchĂłn
2928:
2904:
2886:
2848:
2831:
2816:
2789:
2764:
2747:
2684:
2655:
2626:
2606:
2594:
2567:
2546:
2460:
2446:. Madrid: Espasa. p. 405.
2435:
2423:
2380:A History of the Peninsular War
1501:Military Order of St. Ferdinand
1220:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
786:
433:
400:
367:
334:
7575:Alonso NĂșñez de Haro y Peralta
6845:Prince Regent John of Portugal
6755:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
6700:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
6695:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
4816:Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia
4744:Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid
4601:Fernando I of the Two Sicilies
2952:
2399:
2367:
2355:
2322:
2310:
2283:
2257:
1666:Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
1521:Order of Isabella the Catholic
1265:Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony
1076:") which broke out in 1827 in
1009:undertook the most successful
791:
389:Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony
1:
7704:19th-century Spanish monarchs
7521:AgustĂn de Ahumada y VillalĂłn
7364:GarcĂa Sarmiento de Sotomayor
6870:Prince Charles John of Sweden
4907:title granted by Royal Decree
4790:Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid
3015:History of Spain and Portugal
2970:Clarke, Henry Butler (1906).
2269:. Meadows Museum, SMU. 2010.
2250:
1280:Francis I of the Two Sicilies
641:
574:(the Desired), and after, as
102:
7734:19th-century Roman Catholics
7540:Francisco Cajigal de la Vega
4775:Infante Ferdinand of Bavaria
4435:Fernando, Prince of Asturias
2893:"A Szent IstvĂĄn Rend tagjai"
2771:M. & B. Wattel. (2009).
2619:National Gallery of Victoria
1452:Antoine, Duke of Montpensier
1427:Infanta MarĂa Luisa Fernanda
1257:Maximilian, Prince of Saxony
1120:
912:Army of the Three Guarantees
906:During the aftermath of the
605:liberal constitution of 1812
7:
7653:FĂ©lix MarĂa Calleja del Rey
7614:FĂ©lix Berenguer de Marquina
7604:Miguel de la GrĂșa Talamanca
7570:Bernardo de GĂĄlvez y Madrid
7565:MatĂas de GĂĄlvez y Gallardo
7443:José Sarmiento y Valladares
7394:Antonio SebastiĂĄn de Toledo
4811:Alfonso, Prince of Asturias
2574:John Van der Kiste (2011).
1746:
1481:Knight of the Golden Fleece
1233:In 1816, Ferdinand married
1084:Death and succession crisis
908:Mexican War of Independence
583:(the Felon/Criminal King).
10:
7870:
7320:Diego FernĂĄndez de CĂłrdoba
7261:MartĂn EnrĂquez de Almanza
7227:
6705:Frederick I of WĂŒrttemberg
5075:Confederation of the Rhine
4647:Infante Francisco de Paula
4430:Carlos, Prince of Asturias
3012:Payne, Stanley G. (1973).
2796:Teulet, Alexandre (1863).
2691:Guerra, Francisco (1819),
2662:Guerra, Francisco (1796),
2633:Guerra, Francisco (1796),
2170:Louise Ălisabeth of France
2117:
1999:
1873:
1767:
1755:Ancestors of Ferdinand VII
1710:Grand Cross of St. Stephen
1460:
1387:Infanta MarĂa Isabel Luisa
1355:Infanta MarĂa Luisa Isabel
1328:Infanta MarĂa Luisa Isabel
1278:and of their first cousin
1034:King Louis XVIII of France
946:
885:Order of the Golden Fleece
795:
720:First reign and abdication
607:. A revolt in 1820 led by
455:
186:The Marquess of Casa Irujo
130:19 March 1808 â 6 May 1808
7632:
7588:
7550:Carlos Francisco de Croix
7529:
7505:
7451:
7402:
7384:Juan de Leyva de la Cerda
7359:Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
7339:Diego Carrillo de Mendoza
7328:
7294:
7276:Ălvaro Manrique de ZĂșñiga
7266:Lorenzo SuĂĄrez de Mendoza
7245:
7205:
7084:
6968:
6883:
6865:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
6855:William, Prince of Orange
6718:
6665:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
6598:
6591:
6471:
6350:
6214:
6043:
5957:
5911:
5660:
5554:
5478:
5372:
5286:
5238:
5229:
5125:
5026:
5017:
4994:French Invasion of Russia
4960:
4902:
4886:
4870:
4844:
4803:
4762:
4754:Carlos III, Duke of Parma
4716:
4665:
4629:
4621:Fernando I, Duke of Parma
4583:
4542:
4526:
4510:
4484:
4453:
4440:Diego, Prince of Asturias
4422:
4406:
4395:
4342:
4040:
3981:
3932:
3893:
3869:
3815:
3791:
3773:
3750:
3713:
3680:
3637:
3604:
3521:
3495:
3368:
3330:
3319:
3290:
3277:
3223:
3214:
3206:
3199:
3189:
3180:
3174:
3164:
3155:
3147:
3142:
3107:
2502:. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
2492:Ricketts, Monica (2017).
2444:La España de Fernando VII
2187:
2179:
2151:
2129:
2125:
2089:
2066:
2058:
2030:
2007:
2003:
1965:
1943:
1935:
1907:
1885:
1881:
1845:
1823:
1815:
1787:
1771:
1611:Knight of the Black Eagle
1589:Knight of the Holy Spirit
1374:
1357:
1316:
1224:Marie Caroline of Austria
1218:(1784â1806), daughter of
1107:
989:, and was led by General
942:
539:
529:
519:
509:
497:
481:
476:
472:
448:
311:
299:
279:
263:
259:
249:
239:
231:
207:The Duke of the Infantado
158:
144:
134:
126:
112:
90:
85:
7744:Spanish captain generals
7724:House of Bourbon (Spain)
7648:Francisco Javier Venegas
7560:MartĂn de Mayorga Ferrer
7516:Juan Francisco de GĂŒemes
7369:Marcos de Torres y Rueda
6775:Archduke John of Austria
6770:Prince von Schwarzenberg
6615:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
4795:Roberto I, Duke of Parma
4708:Carlos II, Duke of Parma
4616:Infante Francisco Javier
3052:10.1215/00182168-50.1.52
2898:22 December 2010 at the
2723:D. JoĂŁo VI e o seu Tempo
1958:Maria Josepha of Austria
1543:Sash of the Three Orders
1320:Maria Isabel of Portugal
1292:
1238:Maria Isabel of Portugal
744:popular riot at Aranjuez
619:authorized a successful
356:Maria Isabel of Portugal
7497:Pedro CebriĂĄn y AgustĂn
7418:Payo EnrĂquez de Rivera
7374:Luis EnrĂquez de GuzmĂĄn
7349:Lope DĂez de ArmendĂĄriz
7271:Pedro Moya de Contreras
6710:Frederick VI of Denmark
6660:Jean-Baptiste BessiĂšres
5450:Greater Poland uprising
5273:Duc d'Enghien Execution
4611:Infante Antonio Pascual
4570:Felipe I, Duke of Parma
3004:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2999:Ferdinand VII. of Spain
2973:Modern Spain, 1815â1898
2442:Artola, Miguel (1999).
1733:Knight of St. Januarius
1276:Maria Isabella of Spain
1251:On 20 October 1819, in
1039:, "invoking the God of
959:José de Madrazo y Agudo
864:Spanish treasure fleets
221:The Count of la Alcudia
53:more precise citations.
7668:Juan O'DonojĂș y O'Ryan
7599:Juan Vicente de GĂŒemes
7472:Fernando de Alencastre
7462:Juan Ortega y Montañés
7438:Juan Ortega y Montañés
7305:Juan de Mendoza y Luna
6830:Ferdinand VII of Spain
5278:Coronation of Napoleon
4349:
2959:Carr, Raymond (1982).
2841:The Knights of England
2290:Sevilla, Fred (1997).
1984:Ferdinand VII of Spain
1926:Maria Amalia of Saxony
1900:Augustus III of Poland
1689:Knight of the Elephant
1419:Francis, Duke of CĂĄdiz
1200:
1197:Luis de la Cruz y RĂos
976:
962:
937:First Mexican Republic
851:
739:
729:
710:El Escorial Conspiracy
685:
670:
655:
561:
486:
214:Manuel GonzĂĄlez SalmĂłn
200:Francisco Cea BermĂșdez
7739:19th century in Spain
7609:Miguel José de Azanza
7545:JoaquĂn de Montserrat
7117:Conference of Dresden
7026:Paris (February 1812)
6955:SwedishâNorwegian War
6780:Alexander I of Russia
4734:Infante Luis Fernando
4348:
3284:Monarchs' family tree
2838:Shaw, WM. A. (1906).
2049:Philip, Duke of Parma
1541:: Grand Cross of the
1207:, the second died in
1194:
968:
956:
910:, the general of the
903:member of the order.
887:, Ferdinand made the
849:
735:
727:
676:
661:
649:
636:large-scale civil war
99:Vicente López Portaña
7794:Knights of Calatrava
7714:Nobility from Madrid
7428:Melchor Portocarrero
7071:Fontainebleau (1814)
6625:Louis-Nicolas Davout
5546:Invasion of Portugal
4555:Infante Felipe Pedro
3119:Cadet branch of the
2804:(in French) (2): 113
2108:Maria Luisa of Parma
1806:Charles III of Spain
1657:Knight of St. Andrew
1634:Knight of the Garter
1491:Order of Charles III
1411:Princess of Asturias
1153:improve this section
1022:Constitution of 1812
928:First Mexican Empire
918:, and Jefe Superior
856:wars of independence
822:Constitution of 1812
737:Constitution of 1812
694:Maria Luisa of Parma
632:American possessions
524:Maria Luisa of Parma
407:; died
374:; died
341:; died
7804:Knights of Santiago
7719:Princes of Asturias
7619:José de Iturrigaray
7354:Diego LĂłpez Pacheco
7097:Bourbon Restoration
6840:Maria I of Portugal
6825:Prince of Hohenlohe
6815:Gebhard von BlĂŒcher
5758:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
5065:Swiss Confederation
3993:King/Queen of Spain
3871:House of TrastĂĄmara
3715:House of TrastĂĄmara
1864:Charles IV of Spain
1539:Kingdom of Portugal
1489:Grand Cross of the
1417:1833â1868. Married
1246:John VI of Portugal
1080:and other regions.
1056:Battle of Trocadero
979:There were several
939:a few years later.
916:AgustĂn de Iturbide
877:Friedrich von Gentz
749:Chùteau de Valençay
690:Charles IV of Spain
650:Young Ferdinand as
621:French intervention
514:Charles IV of Spain
193:The Count of Ofalia
7477:Baltasar de ZĂșñiga
7433:Gaspar de la Cerda
7216:Antonio de Mendoza
7112:Continental System
7107:Congress of Erfurt
7031:Paris (March 1812)
6805:Peter Wittgenstein
6730:Duke of Wellington
6685:Prince Poniatowski
6650:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
6635:Auguste de Marmont
6030:Arroyo dos Molinos
5878:Walcheren Campaign
5868:Armistice of Znaim
5763:Dalmatian Campaign
5688:Tyrolean Rebellion
4350:
4293:Emanuele Filiberto
3606:House of Champagne
3561:GarcĂa SĂĄnchez III
3228:Title next held by
3217:Prince of Asturias
2736:on 29 October 2013
2432:, pp. 105â119
2144:Louis XV of France
1607:Kingdom of Prussia
1201:
1090:Pragmatic Sanction
1045:Henry IV of France
977:
963:
889:Duke of Wellington
852:
804:Treaty of Valençay
780:Council of Castile
740:
730:
686:
671:
656:
652:Prince of Asturias
630:nearly all of its
617:Congress of Verona
596:Tumult of Aranjuez
586:Born in Madrid at
179:VĂctor DamiĂĄn SĂĄez
7676:
7675:
7423:TomĂĄs de la Cerda
7256:GastĂłn de Peralta
7161:
7160:
7157:
7156:
7149:Types of military
6945:Russo-Turkish War
6940:Russo-Persian War
6908:Anglo-Turkish War
6903:Anglo-Swedish War
6898:Anglo-Spanish War
6893:Anglo-Russian War
6820:Duke of Brunswick
6723:political leaders
6603:political leaders
6587:
6586:
5592:Medina de Rioseco
5314:Haslach-Jungingen
5248:French Revolution
5225:
5224:
5008:Seventh Coalition
4920:
4919:
4657:Luis I of Etruria
4389:Infantes of Spain
4355:
4354:
4213:Balthasar Charles
4000:
3999:
3895:House of Habsburg
3551:GarcĂa SĂĄnchez II
3451:
3450:
3271:Monarchs of Spain
3238:
3237:
3190:Succeeded by
3165:Succeeded by
3137:29 September 1833
2916:. 1825. pp.
2531:, pp. 82â83.
2396:, pp. 12â13.
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2202:Marie LeszczyĆska
2081:Elisabeth Farnese
2022:Philip V of Spain
1838:Elisabeth Farnese
1780:Philip V of Spain
1585:Kingdom of France
1458:
1457:
1350:died in infancy.
1284:the older of whom
1261:Caroline of Parma
1189:
1188:
1181:
1013:, leading to the
995:Juan DĂaz Porlier
924:Treaty of CĂłrdoba
613:Liberal Triennium
551:
550:
534:Roman Catholicism
493:
492:
283:29 September 1833
79:
78:
71:
7861:
7624:Pedro de Garibay
7413:Pedro Nuño Colón
7286:Gaspar de ZĂșñiga
7240:
7239:
7233:
7232:
7188:
7181:
7174:
7165:
7164:
6925:Dano-Swedish War
6913:Anglo-Danish War
6765:Archduke Charles
6680:JĂ©rĂŽme Bonaparte
6596:
6595:
6529:Castel di Sangro
6438:FĂšre-Champenoise
6091:GarcĂa HernĂĄndez
6005:Fuentes de Oñoro
5521:Guttstadt-Deppen
5258:Second Coalition
5236:
5235:
5217:French Royalists
5024:
5023:
4973:Fourth Coalition
4947:
4940:
4933:
4924:
4923:
4913:
4908:
4688:Infante Fernando
4471:Infante Fernando
4382:
4375:
4368:
4359:
4358:
4347:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4004:
4003:
3934:House of Bourbon
3817:House of Bourbon
3541:GarcĂa SĂĄnchez I
3523:House of Jiménez
3496:House of Ăñiguez
3478:
3471:
3464:
3455:
3454:
3325:
3280:List of monarchs
3264:
3257:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3207:Preceded by
3201:Spanish nobility
3175:Preceded by
3148:Preceded by
3138:
3131:
3122:Capetian dynasty
3114:House of Bourbon
3105:
3104:
3101:
3096:Historiaantiqua.
3085:
3056:
3054:
3022:
3020:
3008:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2976:. pp. 1â92.
2966:
2962:Spain, 1808â1975
2946:
2945:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2908:
2902:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2835:
2829:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2735:
2728:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2503:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2474:. 24 August 2017
2464:
2458:
2457:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2408:, pp. 85â90
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2371:
2365:
2364:, pp. 79â85
2359:
2353:
2347:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2261:
1761:
1760:
1752:
1751:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1515:28 November 1814
1473:
1472:
1471:
1358:26 December 1818
1297:
1296:
1242:Carlota Joaquina
1184:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1164:
1133:
1125:
1114:Stanley G. Payne
1007:Rafael del Riego
982:pronunciamientos
776:Battle of Bailén
764:Joseph Bonaparte
626:Under his rule,
609:Rafael del Riego
590:, Ferdinand was
547:
474:
473:
459:
441:
439:
435:
412:
410:
406:
402:
379:
377:
373:
369:
346:
344:
340:
336:
286:
173:
163:
107:
104:
95:
83:
82:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
7869:
7868:
7864:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7859:
7858:
7679:
7678:
7677:
7672:
7628:
7584:
7525:
7501:
7492:Pedro de Castro
7447:
7398:
7344:Rodrigo Pacheco
7324:
7310:Luis de Velasco
7290:
7281:Luis de Velasco
7241:
7237:
7235:
7234:
7230:
7225:
7221:LuĂs de Velasco
7201:
7192:
7162:
7153:
7080:
6964:
6885:
6879:
6835:Miguel de Ălava
6800:Pyotr Bagration
6795:Count Bennigsen
6785:Mikhail Kutuzov
6750:Thomas Cochrane
6722:
6720:
6714:
6675:Louis Bonaparte
6602:
6600:
6599:French and ally
6583:
6467:
6383:ChĂąteau-Thierry
6346:
6210:
6181:Maloyaroslavets
6039:
5953:
5907:
5698:Yevenes/YĂ©benes
5656:
5572:Rosily Squadron
5550:
5474:
5440:Waren-Nossentin
5368:
5299:Cape Finisterre
5282:
5253:First Coalition
5231:
5221:
5128:
5121:
5032:
5028:
5019:
5013:
5001:Sixth Coalition
4987:Fifth Coalition
4966:Third Coalition
4956:
4954:Napoleonic Wars
4951:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4898:
4887:16th generation
4882:
4871:15th generation
4866:
4857:Infante Alfonso
4845:14th generation
4840:
4826:Infante Gonzalo
4804:13th generation
4799:
4763:12th generation
4758:
4717:11th generation
4712:
4666:10th generation
4661:
4625:
4606:Infante Gabriel
4579:
4538:
4522:
4506:
4480:
4449:
4418:
4402:
4391:
4386:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4340:
4221:Philip Prospero
4036:
4031:
4001:
3996:
3977:
3936:- Upper Navarre
3928:
3897:- Upper Navarre
3889:
3873:- Upper Navarre
3865:
3819:- Lower Navarre
3811:
3795:- Lower Navarre
3793:House of Albret
3787:
3775:House of Albret
3769:
3760:Francis Phoebus
3746:
3709:
3682:House of Ăvreux
3676:
3633:
3600:
3517:
3491:
3482:
3452:
3447:
3364:
3326:
3317:
3286:
3273:
3268:
3229:
3220:
3212:
3195:
3186:
3178:
3170:
3161:
3153:
3132:
3130:14 October 1784
3126:
3125:
3117:
3110:
3099:
3092:
3074:10.2307/2510900
3029:
3027:Further reading
3018:
2997:, ed. (1911). "
2982:
2980:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2900:Wayback Machine
2891:
2887:
2869:
2865:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2836:
2832:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2769:
2765:
2752:
2748:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2705:
2703:
2689:
2685:
2676:
2674:
2660:
2656:
2647:
2645:
2631:
2627:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2572:
2568:
2551:
2547:
2539:
2535:
2527:
2523:
2515:
2506:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2472:www.milenio.com
2466:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2440:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2372:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2348:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2248:
1749:
1744:
1720:
1718:
1706:Austrian Empire
1699:
1697:
1678:
1676:
1644:
1642:
1622:
1620:
1601:
1599:
1579:
1577:
1559:
1557:
1533:
1531:
1485:14 October 1784
1469:
1467:
1463:
1439:
1438:2 February 1897
1432:
1431:30 January 1832
1399:
1392:
1391:10 October 1830
1359:
1339:
1332:
1295:
1289:
1185:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1150:
1134:
1123:
1110:
1086:
1060:Duc d'AngoulĂȘme
1015:Trienio Liberal
1011:pronunciamiento
951:
949:Trienio Liberal
945:
854:Meanwhile, the
800:
794:
789:
722:
644:
465:
453:
452:
444:
443:
431:
427:
424:
414:
398:
394:
391:
381:
365:
361:
358:
348:
332:
328:
325:
307:
288:
284:
268:
267:14 October 1784
227:
223:
216:
209:
202:
195:
188:
181:
175:
174:
169:
161:Prime ministers
159:
122:
108:
105:
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7867:
7857:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7639:
7637:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7595:
7593:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7536:
7534:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7523:
7518:
7512:
7510:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7458:
7456:
7449:
7448:
7446:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7409:
7407:
7400:
7399:
7397:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7335:
7333:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7301:
7299:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7252:
7250:
7243:
7242:
7228:
7226:
7224:
7223:
7218:
7212:
7210:
7203:
7202:
7191:
7190:
7183:
7176:
7168:
7159:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7151:
7146:
7144:Longwood House
7141:
7140:
7139:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7088:
7086:
7082:
7081:
7079:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6972:
6970:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6921:
6920:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6889:
6887:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6850:Count of Feira
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6745:Horatio Nelson
6742:
6737:
6732:
6726:
6724:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6655:Marshal Victor
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6606:
6604:
6593:
6589:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6433:Arcis-sur-Aube
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6218:
6216:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6176:Venta del Pozo
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6051:Ciudad Rodrigo
6047:
6045:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5961:
5959:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5929:Ciudad Rodrigo
5926:
5921:
5915:
5913:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5905:
5903:Alba de Tormes
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5803:Aspern-Essling
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5558:
5556:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5405:JenaâAuerstedt
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5244:
5242:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5177:Ottoman Empire
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5137:United Kingdom
5133:
5131:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5107:Ottoman Empire
5104:
5102:DenmarkâNorway
5099:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5045:Polish Legions
5042:
5036:
5034:
5021:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5004:
4997:
4990:
4983:
4980:Peninsular War
4976:
4969:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4950:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4927:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4633:
4631:
4630:9th generation
4627:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4584:8th generation
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4546:
4544:
4543:7th generation
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4530:
4528:
4527:6th generation
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4514:
4512:
4511:5th generation
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4488:
4486:
4485:4th generation
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4476:Infante Alonso
4473:
4468:
4466:Infante Carlos
4463:
4457:
4455:
4454:3rd generation
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4426:
4424:
4423:2nd generation
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4407:1st generation
4404:
4403:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4385:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4362:
4353:
4352:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4306:
4298:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4258:
4250:
4242:
4234:
4226:
4218:
4210:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4106:
4098:
4090:
4082:
4074:
4066:
4058:
4050:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4030:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4007:
3998:
3997:
3989:King of France
3985:King of Aragon
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3874:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3756:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3719:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3686:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3643:
3641:
3639:House of Capet
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3586:GarcĂa RamĂrez
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3508:GarcĂa Ăñiguez
3505:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3458:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3334:
3332:Personal union
3328:
3327:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3306:
3296:
3294:
3292:Dynastic union
3288:
3287:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3235:
3227:
3222:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3163:
3154:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3143:Regnal titles
3140:
3139:
3118:
3111:
3109:Ferdinand VII
3108:
3103:
3102:
3091:
3090:External links
3088:
3087:
3086:
3068:(4): 586â607.
3057:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3009:
2995:Chisholm, Hugh
2978:
2967:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2927:
2903:
2885:
2863:
2847:
2830:
2815:
2788:
2782:978-2350771359
2781:
2763:
2746:
2712:
2699:(in Spanish):
2683:
2670:(in Spanish):
2654:
2641:(in Spanish):
2625:
2605:
2593:
2586:
2566:
2545:
2533:
2521:
2519:, p. 268.
2504:
2485:
2459:
2452:
2434:
2422:
2410:
2398:
2386:
2366:
2354:
2352:, p. 267.
2333:
2321:
2309:
2302:
2282:
2275:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1716:
1695:
1693:29 August 1818
1674:
1673:
1672:
1663:
1651:Russian Empire
1640:
1638:10 August 1814
1629:United Kingdom
1617:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1575:
1549:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1517:
1507:
1505:31 August 1811
1497:
1487:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1415:Queen of Spain
1408:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1338:9 January 1818
1336:
1331:21 August 1817
1329:
1325:
1324:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1294:
1291:
1187:
1186:
1137:
1135:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1109:
1106:
1085:
1082:
1067:Ominous Decade
1003:Juan Van Halen
987:Peninsular War
944:
941:
932:personal union
893:British forces
891:, head of the
793:
790:
788:
785:
768:Peninsular War
728:Royal Monogram
721:
718:
643:
640:
549:
548:
541:
537:
536:
531:
527:
526:
521:
517:
516:
511:
507:
506:
501:
495:
494:
491:
490:
479:
478:
470:
469:
460:
446:
445:
429:
425:
420:
419:
418:
417:
396:
392:
387:
386:
385:
384:
363:
359:
354:
353:
352:
351:
330:
326:
321:
320:
319:
318:
315:
313:
309:
308:
303:
301:
297:
296:
287:(aged 48)
281:
277:
276:
265:
261:
260:
257:
256:
251:
247:
246:
241:
237:
236:
233:
229:
228:
226:
225:
218:
211:
204:
197:
190:
183:
168:
167:
166:
164:
156:
155:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
116:
110:
109:
106: 1814â15
96:
88:
87:
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7866:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7689:Ferdinand VII
7687:
7686:
7684:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7634:Ferdinand VII
7631:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7587:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7528:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7504:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7482:Juan de Acuña
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7450:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7401:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7327:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7315:GarcĂa Guerra
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7293:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7244:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7204:
7199:
7196:
7189:
7184:
7182:
7177:
7175:
7170:
7169:
7166:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7085:Miscellaneous
7083:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6973:
6971:
6967:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6882:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6760:Manuel Lapeña
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6717:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6690:Prince EugĂšne
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6640:André Masséna
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6620:Joachim Murat
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6605:
6597:
6594:
6590:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6564:Rocheserviere
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6252:San SebastiĂĄn
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6213:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6042:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5956:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5813:Sankt Michael
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5728:Teugen-Hausen
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5553:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5228:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5124:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5030:client states
5025:
5022:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4948:
4943:
4941:
4936:
4934:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4910:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4852:Juan Carlos I
4850:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4525:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4400:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4378:
4376:
4371:
4369:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4028:
4023:
4021:
4016:
4014:
4009:
4008:
4005:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3968:Ferdinand III
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3752:House of Foix
3749:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3536:Jimeno Garcés
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3513:FortĂșn GarcĂ©s
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3438:Juan Carlos I
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3413:Ferdinand VII
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3234:
3233:
3232:Isabella (II)
3226:
3219:
3218:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3183:King of Spain
3173:
3169:
3160:
3159:
3158:King of Spain
3152:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3116:
3115:
3106:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3017:
3016:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2990:public domain
2979:
2975:
2974:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2867:
2859:
2858:
2851:
2843:
2842:
2834:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2784:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2759:
2758:
2750:
2732:
2725:
2724:
2716:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2629:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2609:
2603:, p. 428
2602:
2597:
2589:
2587:9780752470832
2583:
2579:
2578:
2570:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2553:Ward, A. W.;
2549:
2543:, p. 91.
2542:
2537:
2530:
2525:
2518:
2517:Chisholm 1911
2513:
2511:
2509:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2489:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2426:
2420:, p. 32.
2419:
2414:
2407:
2402:
2395:
2390:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2375:Oman, Charles
2370:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2350:Chisholm 1911
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2305:
2303:9789719185802
2299:
2295:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2276:9788471204394
2272:
2268:
2267:
2260:
2256:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1565:French Empire
1556:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1526:
1525:24 March 1815
1522:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1466:
1465:
1454:, had issue.
1453:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:, had issue.
1420:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1398:10 April 1904
1397:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1193:
1183:
1180:
1172:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1138:This section
1136:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1118:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:invaded Spain
1035:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
993:in Pamplona.
992:
988:
984:
983:
975:
973:
967:
960:
955:
950:
940:
938:
933:
929:
925:
922:, signed the
921:
920:Juan O'DonojĂș
917:
913:
909:
904:
902:
898:
897:the peninsula
894:
890:
886:
881:
878:
874:
873:
867:
865:
861:
857:
848:
844:
842:
838:
837:three estates
834:
830:
825:
823:
819:
818:
813:
809:
805:
799:
784:
781:
777:
773:
770:. Provincial
769:
765:
760:
758:
754:
750:
745:
738:
734:
726:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
683:
679:
675:
668:
664:
660:
653:
648:
639:
637:
633:
629:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
597:
593:
592:heir apparent
589:
584:
582:
581:
578:
573:
572:
567:
566:King of Spain
563:
559:
555:
554:Ferdinand VII
546:
542:
538:
535:
532:
528:
525:
522:
518:
515:
512:
508:
505:
502:
500:
496:
489:
484:
480:
475:
471:
468:
464:
461:
458:
457:
451:
447:
423:
416:
415:
390:
383:
382:
357:
350:
349:
324:
317:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
295:
291:
282:
278:
275:
271:
266:
262:
258:
255:
252:
248:
245:
242:
238:
234:
230:
222:
219:
215:
212:
208:
205:
201:
198:
194:
191:
187:
184:
180:
177:
176:
172:
165:
162:
157:
154:
150:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
129:
125:
120:
115:
114:King of Spain
111:
100:
94:
89:
86:Ferdinand VII
84:
81:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
7507:Ferdinand VI
7132:Grande Armée
7092:Bibliography
7076:Paris (1815)
7036:Paris (1814)
7021:Paris (1810)
7001:Finckenstein
6976:Campo Formio
6735:Rowland Hill
6721:military and
6601:military and
6574:Rocquencourt
6443:Saint-Dizier
6413:Bar-sur-Aube
6368:Mincio River
5863:Schöngrabern
5642:2nd Zaragoza
5582:1st Zaragoza
5536:Stralsund II
5385:Campo Tenese
5359:Schöngrabern
5344:Cape Ortegal
5294:Diamond Rock
5172:Papal States
5006:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4893:
4637:Fernando VII
4533:
4517:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4303:
4295:
4287:
4279:
4271:
4263:
4255:
4247:
4239:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4095:
4087:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4047:
3967:
3953:Ferdinand II
3734:
3727:
3503:Ăñigo Arista
3433:Alfonso XIII
3412:
3393:Ferdinand VI
3230:
3224:
3215:
3210:Charles (IV)
3181:
3156:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3112:
3100:(in Spanish)
3065:
3061:
3045:(1): 52â69.
3042:
3038:
3014:
3002:
2972:
2961:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2912:
2906:
2888:
2873:
2866:
2856:
2850:
2840:
2833:
2822:
2818:
2806:. Retrieved
2801:
2791:
2772:
2766:
2756:
2749:
2738:, retrieved
2731:the original
2722:
2715:
2704:, retrieved
2696:
2686:
2675:, retrieved
2667:
2657:
2646:, retrieved
2638:
2628:
2617:
2608:
2596:
2576:
2569:
2559:
2548:
2536:
2524:
2500:Google Books
2499:
2494:
2488:
2476:. Retrieved
2471:
2462:
2443:
2437:
2425:
2413:
2401:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2357:
2324:
2312:
2292:
2285:
2265:
2259:
1983:
1727:Two Sicilies
1713:
1692:
1669:
1660:
1637:
1614:
1592:
1572:
1546:
1524:
1514:
1504:
1494:
1484:
1375:
1317:
1288:
1269:
1250:
1232:
1228:miscarriages
1213:
1205:tuberculosis
1202:
1175:
1169:October 2021
1166:
1151:Please help
1139:
1111:
1102:Carlist Wars
1087:
1072:
1064:
1053:
1031:
1019:
1010:
991:Espoz y Mina
980:
978:
969:
905:
899:, the first
882:
870:
868:
853:
826:
816:
811:
808:afrancesados
807:
801:
787:Second reign
761:
753:Charles Oman
751:. Historian
742:Following a
741:
706:Manuel Godoy
687:
625:
585:
575:
569:
562:Fernando VII
553:
552:
488:BorbĂłn-Parma
454:
285:(1833-09-29)
217:(1826-1832)
210:(1825-1826)
203:(1824-1825)
196:(1823-1824)
189:(1823â1823)
182:(1823â1823)
170:
97:Portrait by
80:
65:
56:
37:
7699:1833 deaths
7694:1784 births
7636:(1809â1821)
7592:(1789â1809)
7533:(1760â1789)
7531:Charles III
7509:(1746â1760)
7455:(1701â1746)
7406:(1665â1701)
7332:(1621â1665)
7298:(1603â1621)
7249:(1566â1603)
7209:(1535â1564)
7200:(1535â1821)
7195:Viceroys of
6960:War of 1812
6918:Gunboat War
6875:Louis XVIII
6630:Jean Lannes
6544:Quatre Bras
6534:San Germano
6484:Occhiobello
6373:Champaubert
6363:La RothiĂšre
6287:San Marcial
6171:2nd Polotsk
6136:1st Polotsk
6121:Majadahonda
6061:Villagarcia
5990:Campo Maior
5778:Piave River
5703:Ciudad Real
5693:Villafranca
5562:Dos de Mayo
5511:Stralsund I
5263:18 Brumaire
5197:Netherlands
5095:WĂŒrttemberg
4724:Alfonso XII
4560:Fernando VI
4328:(1977â2014)
4312:(1881â1904)
4264:(1788â1808)
4232:(1661â1665)
4224:(1657â1661)
4216:(1629â1646)
4144:(1498â1500)
3963:Charles VII
3880:Ferdinand I
3700:Charles III
3619:Theobald II
3428:Alfonso XII
3418:Isabella II
3398:Charles III
3304:Ferdinand V
3193:Isabella II
2953:Works cited
2555:Gooch, G.P.
2541:Clarke 1906
2529:Clarke 1906
2418:Clarke 1906
2394:Clarke 1906
1670:23 May 1815
1661:23 May 1815
1615:3 June 1814
1446:El Escorial
1413:1830â1833,
1406:El Escorial
1380:(1806â1878)
1366:El Escorial
1346:El Escorial
1322:(1797â1818)
1263:, Princess
1071:War of the
792:Restoration
698:El Escorial
680:: 8 reales
678:Silver coin
665:: 8 reales
663:Silver coin
588:El Escorial
463:Isabella II
305:El Escorial
270:El Escorial
254:Isabella II
240:Predecessor
224:(1833-1833)
135:Predecessor
51:introducing
7683:Categories
7590:Charles IV
7404:Charles II
7296:Philip III
7102:Casualties
7016:Schönbrunn
6991:Artlenburg
6740:John Moore
6645:Michel Ney
6514:Scapezzano
6504:Cesenatico
6448:Montmartre
6378:Montmirail
6312:Wartenburg
6267:GroĂbeeren
6126:Gorodechno
6116:Klyastitsy
6096:Saltanovka
5985:Casal Novo
5858:Hollabrunn
5843:Korneuburg
5637:Somosierra
5541:Copenhagen
5364:Austerlitz
5354:DĂŒrenstein
5090:Westphalia
5033:and allies
4565:Carlos III
4445:Felipe III
3973:Isabella I
3958:Charles VI
3943:Philip VII
3904:Charles IV
3736:Blanche II
3729:Charles IV
3695:Charles II
3690:Philip III
3614:Theobald I
3596:Sancho VII
3556:Sancho III
3403:Charles IV
3370:Real union
3360:Charles II
3350:Philip III
3300:Isabella I
3221:1788â1808
3187:1813â1833
3151:Charles IV
2601:Payne 1973
2478:4 February
2453:8423997421
2251:References
1209:childbirth
1073:Agraviados
947:See also:
901:Protestant
796:See also:
757:Talleyrand
642:Early life
628:Spain lost
571:el Deseado
153:Napoleon I
139:Charles IV
59:March 2023
34:references
7330:Philip IV
7247:Philip II
7207:Charles V
7198:New Spain
7066:Casalanza
7041:Tauroggen
6996:Pressburg
6981:Lunéville
6886:conflicts
6719:Coalition
6569:La Suffel
6519:Tolentino
6403:Montereau
6388:Vauchamps
6337:Bornhöved
6292:Dennewitz
6237:Tarragona
6186:Chashniki
6086:Salamanca
6010:Tarragona
5934:Barquilla
5888:Almonacid
5848:Stockerau
5818:Stralsund
5788:2nd Porto
5768:Ebelsberg
5738:Abensberg
5708:1st Porto
5668:CastellĂłn
5652:Benavente
5617:Valmaseda
5531:Friedland
5526:Heilsberg
5496:OstroĆÄka
5486:Mohrungen
5420:Magdeburg
5349:Amstetten
5334:Trafalgar
5319:Elchingen
5304:Wertingen
5202:Brunswick
5127:Coalition
4878:Felipe VI
4596:Carlos IV
4502:Carlos II
4461:Felipe IV
4414:Felipe II
4320:(1907â38)
4304:(1875â80)
4296:(1871â73)
4288:(1857â68)
4280:(1851â57)
4272:(1830â33)
4261:Ferdinand
4256:(1759â88)
4248:(1724â46)
4245:Ferdinand
4240:(1709â24)
4208:(1605â21)
4200:(1582â98)
4192:(1578â82)
4184:(1571â78)
4181:Ferdinand
4176:(1556â68)
4168:(1527â56)
4160:(1504â16)
4152:(1502â04)
4136:(1497â98)
4128:(1478â97)
4120:(1470â78)
4112:(1468â70)
4104:(1464â68)
4096:(1462â64)
4088:(1425â54)
4080:(1424â25)
4072:(1423â24)
4069:Catherine
4064:(1405â06)
4056:(1402â05)
4048:(1388â90)
3924:Charles V
3919:Philip VI
3909:Philip IV
3861:Charles V
3841:Louis III
3831:Henry III
3765:Catherine
3705:Blanche I
3667:Charles I
3662:Philip II
3591:Sancho VI
3581:Alfonso I
3566:Sancho IV
3546:Sancho II
3443:Felipe VI
3355:Philip IV
3345:Philip II
3340:Charles I
2430:Carr 1982
2406:Carr 1982
2362:Carr 1982
1235:his niece
1140:does not
1121:Marriages
1078:Catalonia
1041:St. Louis
999:Luis Lacy
872:camarilla
667:New Spain
540:Signature
250:Successor
232:2nd reign
145:Successor
127:1st reign
7453:Philip V
7137:Uniforms
7051:Chaumont
6969:Treaties
6670:Joseph I
6610:Napoleon
6554:Waterloo
6494:Casaglia
6458:Toulouse
6342:Sehested
6317:Bidassoa
6297:2nd Kulm
6282:1st Kulm
6272:Katzbach
6262:Sorauren
6257:Pyrenees
6222:Castalla
6206:Berezina
6196:Smoliani
6166:Tarutino
6151:Borodino
6141:Valutino
6131:Smolensk
6101:Ostrovno
6071:Maguilla
6035:Valencia
6025:Saguntum
5873:Talavera
5753:Ratisbon
5743:Landshut
5718:Bergisel
5713:MedellĂn
5627:Espinosa
5587:Valencia
5460:Czarnowo
5430:Pasewalk
5425:Prenzlau
5400:Saalfeld
5339:Caldiero
5309:GĂŒnzburg
5187:Sardinia
5162:Portugal
4399:Carlos I
4336:(2014â )
4309:Mercedes
4301:Isabella
4277:Isabella
4269:Isabella
4133:Isabella
4117:Isabella
4109:Isabella
3948:Louis II
3914:Philip V
3885:Joan III
3856:Louis VI
3846:Louis IV
3836:Louis II
3807:Joan III
3802:Henry II
3783:John III
3647:Philip I
3571:Sancho V
3531:Sancho I
3485:Monarchs
3388:Philip V
3378:Philip V
3313:Philip I
2896:Archived
2706:17 March
2677:17 March
2648:17 March
2557:(1970).
2377:(1902).
1747:Ancestry
1450:Married
1098:Isabella
972:Valencia
860:royalist
812:Fernando
714:Napoleon
600:Napoleon
530:Religion
244:Joseph I
171:See list
149:Joseph I
6884:Related
6463:Bayonne
6428:Craonne
6398:Mormant
6358:Brienne
6332:Nivelle
6322:Leipzig
6277:Dresden
6247:Vitoria
6232:Bautzen
6201:Krasnoi
6146:Mesoten
6106:Vitebsk
6066:Almaraz
6056:Badajoz
6015:Albuera
6000:Almeida
5995:Sabugal
5980:Redinha
5970:Barrosa
5949:Bussaco
5944:Almeida
5924:Astorga
5893:Tamames
5853:Gefrees
5808:Alcañiz
5748:EckmĂŒhl
5678:Corunna
5647:SahagĂșn
5612:Zornoza
5607:Vimeiro
5577:CabezĂłn
5501:Kolberg
5470:PuĆtusk
5465:Golymin
5455:Hamelin
5435:Stettin
5395:Schleiz
5240:Prelude
5232:battles
5207:Hanover
5152:Prussia
5142:Austria
5080:Bavaria
5060:Etruria
5055:Holland
5027:France,
5020:gerents
4317:Alfonso
4285:Alfonso
4253:Charles
4229:Charles
4173:Charles
4157:Charles
4141:Michael
4101:Alfonso
4077:Eleanor
3991:. Also
3987:. Also
3851:Louis V
3826:Antoine
3742:Eleanor
3723:John II
3672:Joan II
3652:Louis I
3624:Henry I
3576:Peter I
3489:Navarre
3383:Louis I
3082:2510900
2992::
1685:Denmark
1573:1806/07
1461:Honours
1441:Seville
1161:removed
1146:sources
1026:Jesuits
841:Bourbon
558:Spanish
504:Bourbon
483:Spanish
456:more...
442:
430:
426:
413:
397:
393:
380:
364:
360:
347:
331:
327:
312:Spouses
119:more...
47:improve
7061:Mantua
7011:Cintra
7006:Tilsit
6986:Amiens
6524:Ancona
6509:Pesaro
6479:Panaro
6408:Orthez
6393:Garris
6307:RoĂlau
6302:Göhrde
6242:Luckau
6227:LĂŒtzen
6191:Vyazma
6161:Burgos
6156:Moscow
6111:Kobryn
6020:Usagre
5975:Pombal
5965:Gebora
5838:Wagram
5798:Tarvis
5773:Girona
5733:Raszyn
5723:Sacile
5632:Tudela
5622:Burgos
5602:Roliça
5597:Bailén
5516:Mileto
5506:Danzig
5445:LĂŒbeck
5410:Erfurt
5329:Verona
5212:Nassau
5192:Sweden
5182:Persia
5167:Sicily
5147:Russia
5129:forces
5112:Persia
5085:Saxony
5070:Naples
5040:France
5018:Belli-
4550:Luis I
4333:Leonor
4325:Felipe
4205:Philip
4197:Philip
4165:Philip
4149:Joanna
4093:Joanna
3657:John I
3629:Joan I
3423:Amadeo
3408:Joseph
3311:&
3309:Joanna
3302:&
3225:Vacant
3177:Joseph
3168:Joseph
3133:
3080:
2986:
2808:26 May
2779:
2740:10 May
2584:
2450:
2300:
2273:
1724:
1703:
1682:
1648:
1626:
1552:France
1434:Madrid
1394:Madrid
1361:Madrid
1341:Madrid
1334:Madrid
1312:Notes
1309:Burial
1253:Madrid
1199:(1832)
1108:Legacy
1094:Cortes
974:, 1815
961:, 1821
943:Revolt
833:Cortes
829:Girona
817:juntas
772:juntas
702:Madrid
654:, 1800
577:el Rey
520:Mother
510:Father
436:
403:
370:
337:
300:Burial
290:Madrid
36:, but
7127:Films
6559:Wavre
6549:Ligny
6539:Gaeta
6499:Ronco
6489:Carpi
6453:Paris
6423:Reims
6327:Hanau
5919:CĂĄdiz
5898:Ocaña
5883:Ălper
5828:MarĂa
5793:Wörgl
5783:GrijĂł
5683:Valls
5673:Uclés
5567:Bruch
5491:Eylau
5415:Halle
5390:Maida
5380:Gaeta
5230:Major
5157:Spain
5117:Spain
5050:Italy
4237:Louis
4189:Diego
4085:Henry
4053:Maria
4045:Henry
3983:Also
3162:1808
3135:Died:
3128:Born:
3078:JSTOR
3019:(PDF)
2940:[
2882:â156.
2827:p. 17
2734:(PDF)
2727:(PDF)
2083:(= 9)
2024:(= 8)
1475:Spain
1401:Paris
1306:Death
1303:Birth
1293:Issue
1049:CĂĄdiz
700:near
580:FelĂłn
499:House
477:Names
450:Issue
440:)
432:(
428:
411:)
399:(
395:
378:)
366:(
362:
345:)
333:(
329:
294:Spain
274:Spain
7056:Kiel
7046:Ried
6592:Info
6579:Issy
6472:1815
6418:Laon
6351:1814
6215:1813
6081:Ekau
6044:1812
5958:1811
5912:1810
5833:Graz
5823:Raab
5661:1809
5555:1808
5479:1807
5373:1806
5287:1805
4894:None
4534:None
4518:None
4125:John
4061:John
2810:2020
2777:ISBN
2742:2020
2708:2020
2679:2020
2650:2020
2582:ISBN
2480:2019
2448:ISBN
2298:ISBN
2271:ISBN
2200:15.
2142:14.
2079:13.
2020:12.
1956:11.
1898:10.
1714:1825
1593:1814
1547:1796
1495:1784
1300:Name
1244:and
1222:and
1144:any
1142:cite
692:and
438:1829
409:1829
405:1819
376:1818
372:1816
343:1806
339:1802
280:Died
264:Born
6076:Mir
5939:CĂŽa
5324:Ulm
3487:of
3070:doi
3047:doi
3001:".
2922:121
2918:118
2880:155
2168:7.
2106:3.
2047:6.
1982:1.
1924:5.
1862:2.
1836:9.
1804:4.
1778:8.
1376:By
1318:By
1155:by
895:on
151:or
7685::
3282:|
3076:.
3066:48
3064:.
3043:50
3041:.
3037:.
2920:,
2701:52
2695:,
2672:42
2666:,
2643:40
2637:,
2616:.
2507:^
2470:.
2336:^
1729::
1712:,
1708::
1691:,
1687::
1668:,
1659:,
1653::
1636:,
1632::
1613:,
1609::
1591:,
1587::
1571:,
1567::
1554::
1545:,
1523:,
1513:,
1503:,
1493:,
1483:,
1477::
1230:.
1104:.
1017:.
914:,
560::
485::
434:m.
401:m.
368:m.
335:m.
292:,
272:,
121:)
103:c.
101:,
7187:e
7180:t
7173:v
4946:e
4939:t
4932:v
4381:e
4374:t
4367:v
4026:e
4019:t
4012:v
3995:.
3477:e
3470:t
3463:v
3263:e
3256:t
3249:v
3084:.
3072::
3055:.
3049::
2924:.
2812:.
2785:.
2590:.
2482:.
2456:.
2306:.
2279:.
1182:)
1176:(
1171:)
1167:(
1163:.
1149:.
556:(
117:(
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
