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Grigore Cugler

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but, whatever, why talk about it, these are things that one needs to see, not read about, I have decided, without any more doubt, in favor of short curly hair, that answers to caresses with glee and comeliness." This characteristic, Manolescu notes, was an illustration of the writer's technique as subtly outlined in the cookbooks' preface: "The hardest thing when one writes a cookbook is not to stray away from the topic. In what concerns me, I can say, without any sort of exaggeration, that, usually, I appeal more to women with fat legs than to those with slender legs. This simple detail is, I do believe, sufficient proof of my culinary intentions."
492:, he decided to resign his diplomatic position, motivating his gesture in a letter to Pauker as the consequence of "the new orientation in Romanian government policies, which part with my convictions and sentiments". Manolescu argued that the choice of words was in contrast with the usual perception of their author as "trifling". Reportedly, Cugler's action caused consternation in Bucharest, where no one had yet attempted to confront Ana Pauker using such terms. He himself spoke of his departure as an "unlimited vacation", and, shortly before leaving, handed down copies of his texts for 851:
to the ingredients, or "Plumpy breasts" and "Tongue à la Princesse". Recipes may turn to off-topic statements, as is the case for the text recommending the "mountain oysters": "At the moment she rose from the divan and I saw her dishevelled hair reaching below her midsection, like a white silk cloak,
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and technicist subjects. Alexandru Ruja notes that the story disturbs fictional conventions from the very start, by mixing in "the impression of hanging on to a reality subject to the corrosive effect of irony." The piece debuts with the words: "By the end of the trail through the Nine Thousand Bells
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Searching for his estranged wife, Apunake travels through space and time, and each of his journey's stations, no matter how different or far apart, coincide with the date of July 1. In one of the episodes, while visiting a forest, Apunake is turned into a rubber ball at the hands of a wizard called
345:' forces. He was subsequently present in Moldavia, the only region held by the Romanian authorities after the Central Powers occupied southern Romania. He referred to this period in his life as "dieting", alluding to the hardships of war, and indicating that this judgment also applied to occupied 932:
Ruja argued that there was an intrinsic connection between Cugler's training as a musician and the pleasant sound of his lyrics. This, he proposed, was the case of pieces where "the absurd was reached" through "the alteration of regular meanings", but where the text was nonetheless arranged with
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customs", while literary historian Alexandru Ruja sees his style and outlook as "the imponderability of writing, the total liberty of creative attitudes", stressing that they amounted to "a different way of making literature". Cugler spoke of his own debut in literature as: " started to pick on
337:, was injured, and had his two fingers from his left hand amputated. In his own recollections, he spoke of his own involvement in the war as "a promenade", and indicated that the medals he received after being wounded in November 1916 were owed to him "not taking cover in time" while defending 792:
stood a wind mill. It was there that Apunake and Kematta experienced their first moments of love. To this day one can see the walls scratched from the inside by Kematta's fingernails, and on the doorstep may still read two lines she wrote during one night of passion, more specifically two
450:("Apunake and Other Phenomenons"). The writing was illustrated with his own drawings, which he himself fancied as a means to cause "unease" to his readers. A subject of interest in the literary community, it generated a following among young intellectuals, some of whom titled themselves 804:("The Sport"), which allows him to witness how an old woman is pumped up with air in order to become "a champion of free flight". Eventually reunited with his wife, the character fathers a monstrous child, who reaches enormous proportions and, in what is a reversal of 993:
Cugler's literary work was traditionally ignored at home and abroad, a fact which Florin Manolescu attributes to the perception that he was merely "a dabbler". Also according to Manolescu, the author found it hard to fit in the framework of his adoptive
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Florin Manolescu noted that these traits were present in the names he picked for his characters, objects, and the imaginary places they are to be found in, names which are often interconnected and usually puns: Kematta (from
1116:. During the 1990s, the author became the subject of academic studies and had his work included in several anthologies. At the same time, he earned a small but dedicated following among the younger local writers. The 1072:
was instrumental in preserving his legacy, beginning with 1950 reprints of his works in various exile magazines. Many of his literary pieces, which he himself had gathered in a dossier, survived after being copied by
512:. Reportedly, he picked his place of exile by randomly setting his finger on a spinning globe. He found a job as an insurance agent by day, indulging his musical passion in the evening, as a violin soloist for the 862:, which takes the shape of two telephone conversations between the author and a woman named Florica Diaconescu, who shares her strange visions, and the false biography of a non-existing poet named Haralamb Olaru. 597:
and Mircea Popescu, both of whom edited literary magazines for the community of exiles. The former two left memoirs on the period, in which they evidence that Cugler was pining for his native Romania, and that
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edition, which had been printed in Bucharest before his departure. He defined this earlier volume as "discreet, elegant, but without a watch on its wrist and blowing even in yogurt" (in reference to the
858:, a prose work, is partly written as a dialog between two lovers, in which the phrase "When I receive a letter, I copy it and read the copy" is repeated several times. Other prose fragments include 523:
appointed Cugler to a government commission supervising the activity of state-financed educational institutions in the field of music (the Commission for the Study of Musical Culture).
686:, depicting an imaginary writer who writes nonsensical syllables on strips of paper which he glues to all sorts of objects, and which he later assembles on a silvery string. 513: 1146: 1957: 1022: 733:", and that it displayed "an intelligence blessed with an enormous associative capacity in respect to the most diverse patterns, identified as if in jest." 454:("apunakists"), while Cugler himself became confounded with his character and came to bear his name. In 1946, he issued another volume of his works, named 1285: 1101:, and illustrated with the author's own drawings. Alongside the Lovinescu interview (broadcast in 1972), he was the subject of a series of shows aired by 1887: 1696: 544: 1852: 1500: 1488: 1041:
included Grigore Cugler in his anthology of Romanian avant-garde texts. He was not however present in similar collections, including the one edited by
406: 370: 1098: 590: 563:("Who Was It and Now Is Gone"). Many of these writings were also illustrated in his own hand, which he amusedly defined as "a worrying aspect". 276:
by the middle of the 19th century, and his great-grandfather Karl von Kugler, later known as Carol von Cugler, was employed as urban planner in
1136:("Apunake. Another World"). Cugler's works were printed in various editions by several publishing houses, beginning with a 1996 edition of his 1492: 1164: 1280: 1157:
In his adoptive Peru, Cugler was also progressively acknowledged as a writer and musician. In 1978, six years after his death, the magazine
421:, he met Ulla Gerda Lizinca Matilda Dyrssen, also known as Ulrike or Ulrica Dyrssen, daughter of a Swedish diplomat and granddaughter of a 1942: 1912: 330:. Later, speaking of himself in the third person, he recalled with irony that his graduation "pleases him to this day." He served in the 1927: 1867: 1837: 547:"He who was once burned by soup will even blow to cool yogurt"). Late in his life, he completed various literary pieces such as a mock 1952: 1937: 1892: 1025:, who simply described Cugler as one of Urmuz's epigones, and argued that he lacked Urmuz's concision. In 1969, at a time when the 869:("Two Sisters"), about two women falling in love with the same man and deciding not to fight over him for lack of bullets, and the 438: 1182:; and Alexandra, born in Lima. When his children were growing up, he jokingly nicknamed his first- and second-born, respectively, 689:
It has also been suggested that his personal style bears likeness to a variety of later works, and that it shares traits with the
1882: 1877: 1654: 385:, Cugler won the Enescu Award for musical creativity in 1926. After 1927, he was assigned to a succession of diplomatic posts in 1611: 1807: 362: 442:. It is however probable that his earliest literary experiments were published by his cousin Petru Comarnescu in the magazine 1842: 1792: 489: 1947: 1827: 779:
of Cugler, as he himself was to indicate in his later writings. In Manolescu's assessment, it is partly based on themes in
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Romanian citizen. His daughter and Grigore's aunt, Matilda, was a noted poet who associated with the literary society
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short story writer, poet and humorist. Also noted as a graphic artist, composer and violinist, he was a decorated
1932: 334: 1731: 1822: 1021:, he was almost never publicly mentioned. One exception to this rule is a fugitive 1983 note written by critic 480: 224: 178: 1832: 517: 720:
Manolescu describes Cugler's literature as dominated by "a way of being opposed to routine, to ankylosing
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The tendency to reject Cugler's writings began early: as Manolescu noted, he was not reviewed at all in
881:, the Emulator of My Mule"), which ends with the death of a suitcase. A Romanian-language piece, titled 1907: 1150:
magazine. In 2007, it was announced that director Alexandru Tocilescu was preparing a dramatization of
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edition, compiled by Romanian-born academic Horst Fassel on the basis of texts preserved by linguist
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literary club was established in his honor during 2003. In 2006, Cugler's writings were printed in a
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allocated space to an article outlining his career. On March 23, 2002, the Cultural Center of the
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While officially rejected, the writer was reportedly earning status in counter-culture and among
358: 570:, several of whom were reportedly fascinated by his work and character. Early on, he joined the 212:. Their author was celebrated by some of his generation colleagues for his independent voice in 1784: 1755: 725: 1042: 706: 690: 683: 662:
trend. He never read Urmuz's stories, but was probably familiar with works by the rebellious
655: 213: 1049:, which prevented his writings from being mentioned or recuperated, in contrast to those of 1922: 1917: 319: 1026: 8: 1705: 1620: 1349:"Trei cărți noi la editura Pop din Ludwigsburg. Avangardistul Grigore Cugler, în germană" 1045:. This tendency, Cernat argues, was owed in large part to Cugler's enduring status as an 236: 201: 1303: 1002: 757:, taking the form of manufacturing and commercial terminology) or Vesquenouille (a mock 589:, serving as its representative in the Peruvian capital. He was visited in Lima by poet 1662: 1636:, "Comisión para el estudio de la Cultura Musical. Resolucion Ministerial № 13910", in 599: 253: 193: 48: 1651: 1208:
Mihai Sorin Rădulescu, Elita liberală românească, 1866-1900, Editura All, 1998, p. 94.
1129: 578: 1788: 1608: 1069: 1018: 765:, "see that it's no longer there"). He proceeded to define such methods as "literary 603: 567: 463: 261: 257: 232: 154: 1689: 1549: 694: 844: 780: 697:. Comparisons have also been made between Cugler and another Absurdist playwright, 671: 632: 607: 539: 323: 312: 159: 831:
competition in which four people take part, having for its referee a conferencing
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around 1927–1928. Also in 1934, he completed and printed his first volume, titled
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Grigore Cugler and Ulla Dyrssen had three daughters together: Christina, born in
1125: 1010: 820:, his other works constituted attacks on literary and social conventions. In his 788: 650:
trends. His work is often thought to have, at least in part, owed inspiration to
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of 1989, he became the subject of interest in post-communist literary criticism.
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and only printed in 50 copies. According to its author, the book had an earlier
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short story writer, poet, humorist, illustrator, composer, violinist, diplomat
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everybody." Manolescu proposed that the writer's perspective on life was "
705:. Other writers whose work was argued to be similar with Cugler's include 1776: 793: 766: 754: 702: 647: 643: 390: 374: 331: 189: 185: 138: 783:, owing inspiration to its popular novels, and constitutes a Jarry-like 223:, Cugler renounced his post in 1947, just before the establishment of a 1736: 1638: 1034: 679: 548: 534:, both titles translating as "Out on One's Own"), which he issued as a 485: 410: 291: 338: 1175: 1061: 1057: 870: 721: 659: 418: 346: 307: 305:, Cugler was the son of Grigore Cugler and his wife Ana, daughter of 1117: 1085:, the journal of which he was editor. A posthumous 1975 edition of 1078: 878: 836: 776: 658:. However, Manolescu indicates, he made a point of not joining any 535: 433: 273: 265: 196:'s diplomatic representative in various countries before and after 171: 843:), sees Cugler advising on how to prepare items such as "Parisian 635:. In all, he was fluent in eight languages, including dialects of 1760: 1554: 1159: 848: 398: 394: 286: 182: 94: 473:'s takeover of the country, effected in successive stages after 277: 1090: 1089:, with one of Cugler's autobiographical essays, was printed in 832: 828: 784: 663: 402: 386: 311:
journalist Nicolae Țincu. He was also the cousin of art critic
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In 1933–1934, he debuted as a writer with a series of unusual
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In 1918, Cugler moved to Bucharest, where he studied at the
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was dominant in his house. In 1968, he was interviewed for
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Romanian edition, first aired in February 1966 and titled
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as "eccentric", Cugler was not affiliated with any of the
1102: 260:. His ancestor, Maximilian von Kugler (1790—1868), was a 181:
April 7] 1903 – September 30, 1972) was a
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Avangarda românească şi complexul periferiei: primul val
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Istoria literaturii române de la origini până în prezent
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Cugler maintained contacts with intellectuals of the
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While in exile, Culger also issued his final volume,
1673: 1671: 808:conventionalism, defecates on the entire audience. 425:commander, and, in 1937, married her in Bucharest. 1495:Apunake și alte fenomene & Afară-de-Unu-Singur 1112:Apunake's work was rediscovered at home after the 968:The night stalks from the bottom of nasal cavities 642:On original writer, defined by literary historian 1668: 1652:"Collections. Romanian. Comitetul Naţional Român" 654:, a solitary avant-gardist of early 20th century 436:, all of which were first published the magazine 1799: 1586: 1584: 1493:"Cronici de atelier. Preface to Grigore Cugler, 1582: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 252:On his paternal side, Cugler descended from an 941: 893: 827:("Match Ending in a Draw"), Cugler depicted a 748: 738: 1958:National University of Music Bucharest alumni 1748: 1746: 743:, "the summoned female"), Adu Milmor-t (from 670:and his work showed connections with Jarry's 369:, who reportedly held Cugler in high esteem, 227:, and lived the final decades of his life in 1561: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1234: 835:, and ending in "cordiality". The series on 504:Together with his family, Cugler settled in 1550:" 'Traista-n băț și scripca subțioară...' " 1527: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1214: 1077:, who kept his version at his residence in 1068:learned his texts by heart. Similarly, the 1888:Romanian military personnel of World War I 1743: 1171:hosted a concert dedicated to his memory. 484:). In late 1947, just after the Communist 353:Interwar literature and diplomatic service 1853:Writers who illustrated their own writing 1600: 1598: 1596: 1340: 980:Tell me, what are you still waiting for? 945:Pândeşte noaptea în fundul foselor nazale 559:("...and Handed Back to the World"), and 1506: 1360: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1211: 1165:Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú 865:Among his poems is the Spanish-language 499: 247: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1060:: novelist and anti-communist activist 290:, and whose second husband was chemist 272:. Members of the family had settled in 1800: 1593: 1558:, Vol. 19, Nr. 10 (1501), October 2007 581:as a member of the anti-communist and 264:civil servant and lawyer who moved to 235:but largely ignored at home until the 1317: 153: 1292: 935: 887: 796:comprising only the syllable «Ah!»" 587:Assembly of Captive European Nations 1497:, Editura Compania, Bucharest, 2005 976:whose depths light has trickled out 847:", which involves the cook singing 627:Cugler wrote his work in Romanian, 593:, as well as by literary promoters 551:"in cackling style", and the texts 13: 1943:20th-century Romanian male writers 1913:Romanian writers with disabilities 1081:and published excerpts from it in 924:you'll have children of your own. 916:even if it seems a bit hard today, 678:("The Super-Bard"), Cugler mocked 469:Grigore Cugler was opposed to the 14: 1969: 1928:20th-century classical violinists 1868:Romanian people of German descent 1838:Romanian male short story writers 1609:"Avangardiștii de ieri și de azi" 922:you'll have children of your own, 811: 606:by prominent Romanian journalist 409:, he also represented Romania in 1953:20th-century Romanian memoirists 1938:20th-century short story writers 972:As was the chest of dry knuckles 970:The drawer of vertebrae was shut 957:Spune-mi, ce mai aştepţi matale? 674:. In one of his stories, titled 496:to his friend Petru Dumitraşcu. 1893:Romanian people of World War II 1721: 1712: 1680: 1645: 966:What are you still waiting for? 918:that, one day, out of the blue, 405:. According to literary critic 1883:Romanian Land Forces personnel 1878:University of Bucharest alumni 1627: 1199: 1186:(Romanian for "This one") and 1007:History of Romanian Literature 947:S-a-nchis sertarul cu vertebre 518:Peruvian Minister of Education 1: 1808:Romanian classical violinists 1770: 1665:; retrieved February 19, 2008 1503:; retrieved February 18, 2008 978:And with personal secretions 920:when you expect it the least, 897:chiar dacă azi pare cam greu, 619:Main characteristics and the 481:Socialist Republic of Romania 1843:Romanian short story writers 1314:, Bucharest, 1986, p.422-423 953:căror adânc s-a scurs lumina 901:când aştepta-veţi mai puţin, 875:Catulle, l'émule de ma mulle 242: 7: 1948:20th-century male musicians 1828:20th-century Romanian poets 1109:("Readings from Apunake"). 1029:regime offered a degree of 899:că într-o zi, ca din senin, 747:, "bring him to me dead"), 572:Romanian National Committee 555:("Memories of Childhood"), 514:Lima Philharmonic Orchestra 10: 1974: 1898:Romanian emigrants to Peru 1848:Romanian writers in French 974:With forgotten irises from 949:Şi scrinul cu arşice goale 933:intent. One of them read: 753:(a common noun version of 377:. The composer of several 361:'s Faculty of Law and the 341:train station against the 318:Cugler graduated from the 192:veteran who served as the 1813:Male classical violinists 1134:Apunake. Eine andere Welt 996:Latin American literature 988: 557:...şi la lume iarăşi date 155:[ɡriˈɡoreˈkuɡler] 134: 108: 100: 90: 82: 74: 54: 27: 22:Gregório (Gregori) Cugler 18: 1873:People from Neamț County 1764:, № 1718, April 25, 2002 1193: 1066:deportees to the Bărăgan 955:Şi cu secreţii personale 905:o să aveţi şi voi copii. 903:o să aveţi şi voi copii, 895:Copii, gândiţi-vă mereu, 471:Romanian Communist Party 448:Apunake și alte fenomene 268:to serve for the prince 1709:, Nr. 393, October 2007 951:Cu irisuri uitate din a 914:Children, always think, 613: 170:; also known under the 151:Romanian pronunciation: 1933:20th-century composers 1732:"Caramitru va fi rege" 1694:"Zaraza all inclusive" 1140:and a 1998 reprint of 964: 942: 939: 912: 894: 891: 749: 739: 553:Amintiri din copilărie 413:, at the time part of 163: 1823:Romanian illustrators 1087:Vi-l prezint pe Ţeavă 707:Christian Morgenstern 684:automatist techniques 500:Exile and final years 456:Vi-l prezint pe Țeavă 248:Early life and family 200:. The nephew of poet 177:; April 20 [ 1178:; Margaret, born in 1107:De la Apunake citire 1097:, at the expense of 885:("Lullaby"), reads: 839:(eponymously titled 574:, created by former 561:Cine fuse şi se duse 532:Afară de unul singur 516:. In November 1956, 458:("Meet Țeavă"— 1833:Romanian male poets 1787:, Bucharest, 2007. 1756:"Homenaje al poeta" 1706:Observator Cultural 1642:, November 14, 1956 1621:Convorbiri Literare 1142:Afară-de-Unu-Singur 1043:Ovid Crohmălniceanu 1023:Constantin Ciopraga 1013:ever mentioned his 656:Romanian literature 528:Afară-de-Unu-Singur 237:Romanian Revolution 214:Romanian literature 202:Matilda Cugler-Poni 1863:Romanian diplomats 1818:Romanian composers 1740:, January 23, 2007 1663:Hoover Institution 1657:2008-02-06 at the 1614:2011-08-31 at the 1279:Ildico Achimescu, 1114:Revolution of 1989 444:Tiparnița Literară 363:Music Conservatory 231:. Promoted by the 58:September 30, 1972 49:Kingdom of Romania 1908:Romanian amputees 1793:978-973-23-1911-6 1785:Cartea Românească 1677:Cernat, p.369-370 1070:Romanian diaspora 1027:Nicolae Ceauşescu 1019:Communist Romania 986: 985: 930: 929: 604:Radio Free Europe 568:Romanian diaspora 401:, and ultimately 335:Romanian Campaign 258:Austrian nobility 233:Romanian diaspora 144: 143: 135:Literary movement 1965: 1903:Peruvian writers 1765: 1754: 1750: 1741: 1729: 1725: 1719: 1716: 1710: 1688: 1684: 1678: 1675: 1666: 1649: 1643: 1631: 1625: 1606: 1602: 1591: 1588: 1559: 1548:Alexandru Ruja, 1547: 1543: 1504: 1501:Editura LiterNet 1489:Florin Manolescu 1487: 1483: 1358: 1357:, Nr. 1-2-3/2006 1346: 1342: 1315: 1304:George Călinescu 1301: 1290: 1278: 1274: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1003:George Călinescu 959: 936: 907: 888: 883:Cântec de leagăn 873:French-language 845:mountain oysters 781:Greek literature 752: 742: 608:Monica Lovinescu 600:Romanian culture 545:Romanian proverb 490:Foreign Minister 407:Florin Manolescu 313:Petru Comarnescu 225:communist regime 194:Romanian Kingdom 157: 152: 61: 37: 35: 16: 15: 1973: 1972: 1968: 1967: 1966: 1964: 1963: 1962: 1798: 1797: 1773: 1768: 1752: 1751: 1744: 1727: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1713: 1686: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1669: 1659:Wayback Machine 1650: 1646: 1632: 1628: 1616:Wayback Machine 1604: 1603: 1594: 1589: 1562: 1545: 1544: 1507: 1485: 1484: 1361: 1347:Mircea M. Pop, 1344: 1343: 1318: 1312:Editura Minerva 1302: 1293: 1276: 1275: 1212: 1205: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1130:Eugenio Coşeriu 1126:German-language 1064:recounted that 1011:interwar period 991: 982: 979: 977: 975: 973: 971: 969: 967: 961: 956: 954: 952: 950: 948: 946: 944: 943:Ce mai aştepţi? 926: 923: 921: 919: 917: 915: 909: 904: 902: 900: 898: 896: 841:Carte de bucate 814: 789:science fiction 625: 616: 579:Nicolae Rădescu 502: 371:Alfons Castaldi 355: 328:Dealu Monastery 280:, and became a 250: 245: 150: 63: 59: 39: 33: 31: 23: 21: 12: 11: 5: 1971: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1796: 1795: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1766: 1742: 1720: 1711: 1699:2012-09-17 at 1690:Stelian Tănase 1679: 1667: 1644: 1626: 1607:Vasile Iancu, 1592: 1560: 1505: 1359: 1316: 1291: 1289:, May 23, 2006 1210: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190:("That one"). 1047:anti-communist 1031:liberalization 990: 987: 984: 983: 962: 928: 927: 910: 813: 812:Other writings 810: 699:Samuel Beckett 695:Eugène Ionesco 624: 617: 615: 612: 530:(also spelled 501: 498: 430:sketch stories 415:Czechoslovakia 354: 351: 343:Central Powers 270:Mihail Sturdza 249: 246: 244: 241: 221:anti-communist 168:Gregori Cugler 147:Grigore Cugler 142: 141: 136: 132: 131: 110: 106: 105: 102: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 84: 80: 79: 76: 72: 71: 62:(aged 69) 56: 52: 51: 38:April 20, 1903 29: 25: 24: 20:Grigore Cugler 19: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1970: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1749: 1747: 1739: 1738: 1733: 1728:(in Romanian) 1724: 1718:Cernat, p.370 1715: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1701:archive.today 1698: 1695: 1691: 1687:(in Romanian) 1683: 1674: 1672: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1648: 1641: 1640: 1635: 1634:Jorge Basadre 1630: 1623: 1622: 1617: 1613: 1610: 1605:(in Romanian) 1601: 1599: 1597: 1590:Cernat, p.369 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1557: 1556: 1551: 1546:(in Romanian) 1542: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1502: 1498: 1496: 1490: 1486:(in Romanian) 1482: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1356: 1355: 1350: 1345:(in Romanian) 1341: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1277:(in Romanian) 1273: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1233: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1206:(in Romanian) 1202: 1198: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1155: 1153: 1149: 1148: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1099:Nicolae Petra 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 999: 997: 981: 963: 960: 958: 938: 937: 934: 925: 911: 908: 906: 890: 889: 886: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 863: 861: 857: 853: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 823: 819: 809: 807: 803: 797: 795: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 768: 764: 760: 756: 751: 746: 745:adu-mi-l mort 741: 734: 732: 731:structuralist 727: 723: 718: 716: 715:Daniil Kharms 712: 711:Lewis Carroll 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 687: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 640: 638: 634: 630: 622: 611: 609: 605: 601: 596: 592: 591:Nicolae Petra 588: 584: 580: 577: 573: 569: 564: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 541: 537: 533: 529: 524: 522: 521:Jorge Basadre 519: 515: 511: 507: 497: 495: 491: 488:took over as 487: 483: 482: 476: 472: 467: 466:for "pipe"). 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 440: 435: 431: 426: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 367:George Enescu 364: 360: 350: 348: 344: 340: 336: 333: 329: 325: 321: 320:Romanian Army 316: 314: 310: 309: 304: 300: 295: 293: 289: 288: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 254:ethnic German 240: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 217: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 184: 180: 176: 173: 169: 165: 161: 156: 148: 140: 137: 133: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 111: 107: 103: 99: 96: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 70: 66: 57: 53: 50: 46: 42: 30: 26: 17: 1858:'Pataphysics 1780: 1759: 1753:(in Spanish) 1735: 1730:Lucia Popa, 1723: 1714: 1704: 1682: 1647: 1637: 1629: 1619: 1553: 1494: 1353: 1307: 1284: 1201: 1187: 1183: 1173: 1158: 1156: 1151: 1147:Manuscriptum 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1121: 1111: 1106: 1086: 1082: 1075:Ştefan Baciu 1055: 1014: 1006: 1000: 992: 965: 940: 931: 913: 892: 882: 874: 867:Dos hermanas 866: 864: 859: 855: 854: 840: 824: 822:sketch story 817: 815: 801: 798: 794:alexandrines 772: 771: 763:vezi că nu-i 762: 759:Francization 744: 735: 719: 688: 675: 672:’Pataphysics 668:Alfred Jarry 641: 626: 620: 595:Ştefan Baciu 565: 560: 556: 552: 531: 527: 525: 508:'s capital, 503: 493: 478: 475:World War II 468: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 437: 432:, poems and 427: 423:Swedish Navy 356: 317: 306: 303:Neamț County 296: 285: 251: 218: 206:Alfred Jarry 198:World War II 174: 167: 146: 145: 117:lyric poetry 113:sketch story 60:(1972-09-30) 45:Neamț County 1923:1972 deaths 1918:1903 births 1777:Paul Cernat 1132:and titled 767:pantography 755:Thermopylae 703:Emil Cioran 676:Superbardul 648:avant-garde 644:Paul Cernat 417:. While in 391:Switzerland 375:Mihail Jora 332:World War I 282:naturalized 190:World War I 186:avant-garde 139:avant-garde 91:Nationality 1802:Categories 1771:References 1737:Cotidianul 1639:El Peruano 1624:, May 2005 1286:Bănățeanul 1058:dissidents 1035:Surrealist 856:Prin Zăvoi 680:Surrealism 549:fairy tale 486:Ana Pauker 462:being the 452:apunakiști 411:Bratislava 359:University 292:Petre Poni 256:family of 83:Occupation 34:1903-04-20 1661:, at the 1281:"Apunake" 1176:Stockholm 1062:Paul Goma 1039:Saşa Pană 837:cookbooks 825:Match nul 806:happy end 726:Pavlovian 722:academism 693:plays of 691:Absurdist 660:modernist 434:aphorisms 419:Stockholm 347:Bucharest 308:Universul 243:Biography 104:1934–1972 1697:Archived 1655:Archived 1612:Archived 1118:Jimbolia 1079:Honolulu 879:Catullus 871:assonant 849:romanzas 777:allegory 750:termopil 682:and its 583:American 540:linotype 536:samizdat 464:Romanian 297:Born in 274:Moldavia 266:Moldavia 262:Habsburg 183:Romanian 172:pen name 164:Gregorio 95:Romanian 75:Pen name 1761:Caretas 1555:Orizont 1160:Caretas 1152:Apunake 1138:Apunake 1122:Apunake 1120:-based 1037:writer 1015:Apunake 860:Florica 818:Apunake 802:Sportul 773:Apunake 740:chemata 666:author 633:Spanish 621:Apunake 585:-based 576:Premier 399:Denmark 395:Germany 379:waltzes 339:Pitești 324:college 287:Junimea 175:Apunake 160:Spanish 78:Apunake 1791:  1091:Madrid 989:Legacy 833:hajduk 829:boxing 785:parody 664:French 637:Arabic 629:French 494:Vremea 439:Vremea 403:Norway 387:Sweden 383:lieder 373:, and 299:Roznov 129:memoir 125:parody 121:satire 101:Period 41:Roznov 1758:, in 1734:, in 1703:, in 1618:, in 1552:, in 1499:, at 1351:, in 1283:, in 1194:Notes 1095:Spain 1051:Urmuz 1017:. In 816:Like 652:Urmuz 623:theme 460:țeavă 210:Urmuz 109:Genre 1789:ISBN 1354:Arca 1184:Asta 1180:Oslo 1169:Lima 1083:Mele 713:and 631:and 614:Work 510:Lima 506:Peru 479:see 381:and 278:Iași 229:Peru 208:and 179:O.S. 69:Peru 65:Lima 55:Died 28:Born 1188:Aia 1167:in 1144:in 1103:BBC 1005:'s 787:of 769:". 761:of 326:at 322:'s 219:An 166:or 1804:: 1783:, 1779:, 1745:^ 1692:, 1670:^ 1595:^ 1563:^ 1508:^ 1491:, 1362:^ 1319:^ 1310:, 1306:, 1294:^ 1213:^ 1093:, 1053:. 1033:, 998:. 877:(" 717:. 709:, 639:. 610:. 397:, 393:, 389:, 349:. 315:. 301:, 294:. 216:. 162:: 158:; 127:, 123:, 119:, 115:, 67:, 47:, 43:, 477:( 149:( 36:) 32:(

Index

Roznov
Neamț County
Kingdom of Romania
Lima
Peru
Romanian
sketch story
lyric poetry
satire
parody
memoir
avant-garde
[ɡriˈɡoreˈkuɡler]
Spanish
pen name
O.S.
Romanian
avant-garde
World War I
Romanian Kingdom
World War II
Matilda Cugler-Poni
Alfred Jarry
Urmuz
Romanian literature
anti-communist
communist regime
Peru
Romanian diaspora
Romanian Revolution

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