343:
29:
328:
4100:
4088:
38:
4124:
4112:
1496:
The process of designing the GCF has raised several issues. These include ongoing questions on how funds will be raised, the role of the private sector, the level of "country ownership" of resources, and the transparency of the Board itself. In addition, questions have been raised about the need for
276:
was chosen as the temporary trustee. To develop a design for the functioning of the GCF, the "Transitional
Committee for the Green Climate Fund" was established in Cancun too. The committee met four times throughout the year 2011, and submitted a report to the 17th COP in Durban, South Africa. Based
189:
The process of designing the GCF has raised several issues. These include ongoing questions on how funds will be raised, the role of the private sector, the level of "country ownership" of resources, and the transparency of the Board itself. Also, this additional international climate institution
1513:
However, several developing countries and non-governmental organizations have suggested that the PSF should focus on "pro-poor climate finance" that addresses the difficulties faced by micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries. This emphasis on encouraging the domestic
284:
Furthermore, the GCF Board was tasked with developing rules and procedures for the disbursement of funds, ensuring that these should be consistent with the national objectives of the countries where projects and programmes will be taking place. The GCF Board was also charged with establishing an
1509:
One of the most controversial aspects of the GCF concerns the creation of the Fund's
Private Sector Facility (PSF). Many of the developed countries represented on the GCF board advocate a PSF that appeals to capital markets, in particular the pension funds and other institutional investors that
363:
in
February 2010. There is no formal connection between AGF and GCF, although its report is one source for debates on "resource mobilisation" for the GCF, an item that will be discussed at the GCF October 2013 Board meeting. Disputes also remain as to whether the funding target will be based on
277:
on this report, the COP decided that the "GCF would become an operating entity of the financial mechanism" of the UNFCCC, and that on COP-18 in 2012, the necessary rules should be adopted to ensure that the GCF "is accountable to and functions under the guidance of the COP". Researchers at the
1552:
The Fund is also pledged to offer "balanced" support to adaptation and mitigation, although there is some concern amongst developing countries that inadequate adaptation financing will be offered, in particular if the fund is reliant on "leveraging" private sector finance. While GCF governing
1522:
The Cancun agreements clearly specify that the funds provided to the developing countries as climate finance, including through the GCF, should be "new" and "additional" to existing development aid. The condition of funds having to be new means that pledges should come on top of those made in
1500:
The Fund's initial investments have met with mixed responses. But in at least one case it also drew praise for involving local communities in the formulation of an adaptation project, and for incorporating consumer protection into a plan for off-grid solar energy.
367:
As of
February 2020, a total of US$ 10.3 billion was pledged and US$ 8.24 billion confirmed, as part of the Initial Resource Mobilization (IRM) period. As of Dec 2023, the GCF had a portfolio of 13.5 billion USD (51.9 billion USD including co-financing).
374:
U.S. President Obama committed the US to contributing US$ 3 billion to the fund. In
January 2017, in his final three days in office, Obama initiated the transfer of a second $ 500m installment to the fund, leaving $ 2 billion owing. Former U.S. President
237:. Others have argued that wealthier countries should help finance the transition of less developed and least developed countries because the former can more realistically afford the substantial investment now urgently needed for the transition.
197:
The Fund's former director Héla
Cheikhrouhou has complained in 2016 that the Fund is backing too many "business-as-usual types of investment proposals". This view is echoed by a number of civil society organizations.
1539:
At its board meeting in South Korea held in March 2015, the GCF refused an explicit ban on fossil fuel projects, effectively allowing for the funding of coal plants. Japan, China, and Saudi Arabia opposed the ban.
233:. A number of civil society groups determined that the United States and the European Union are morally responsible for at least 54% of the cost of mitigating climate change-driven disaster damage in the
1543:
The Fund's former director Héla
Cheikhrouhou has complained that the Fund is backing too many "business-as-usual types of investment proposals", a view echoed by a number of civil society organizations.
1523:
previous years. As far as additionality is concerned, there is no strict definition of this term, which has already led to serious problems in evaluating the additionality of emission reductions through
354:
Countries agreed to mobilise $ 100 billion a year by 2020 in climate finance, some of which has been mobilised through the GCF. Uncertainty over where this money would come from led to the creation of a
1531:. While climate finance usually only counts pledges from developed countries, the US$ 10.3 billion pledged to the GCF also includes some (relatively small) contributions from developing countries.
1553:
instrument stresses on the need for equal funding towards adaptation and mitigation, there is no universal measure of adaptation, which makes access to GCF funding extremely cumbersome.
2212:
4160:
3824:
1510:
control trillions of dollars that pass through Wall Street and other financial centers. They hope that the Fund will ultimately use a broad range of financial instruments.
1907:
4000:
3668:
3125:
2106:
214:
1770:
1919:
3841:
308:
131:
3277:
3098:
2453:
3272:
1881:
3140:
380:
1497:
yet another new international climate institution which may further fragment public dollars that are put toward mitigation and adaptation annually.
2530:
2274:
3072:
201:
In 2023, the
Executive Director announced a series of reforms aimed at making the Fund more efficient and positioned to deliver greater impact.
356:
281:
state that without this last minute agreement on a governing instrument for the GCF, the "African COP" would have been considered a failure.
2781:
257:
253:
245:
3014:
1796:
371:
The lack of pledged funds and potential reliance on the private sector is controversial and has been criticized by developing countries.
4170:
2898:
2394:
2194:
303:
There are other multilateral climate funds (i.e. governed by multiple national governments) which are important for paying out money in
4165:
3162:
3115:
1825:
4041:
3157:
2737:
2039:
1981:
3372:
3088:
2806:
2583:
1931:
1599:
1570:
4175:
3728:
3517:
2680:
2376:
1623:
383:
on 1 June 2017, also criticized the Green
Climate Fund, calling it a scheme to redistribute wealth from rich to poor countries.
3377:
3340:
3194:
3179:
3093:
2742:
2686:
82:
272:
During COP-16 in Cancun, the matter of governing the GCF was entrusted to the newly founded Green
Climate Fund Board, and the
4036:
3174:
4058:
3009:
3004:
2241:
2063:
2014:
1689:
1528:
2103:
3539:
3317:
3135:
3062:
3052:
3035:
2942:
2749:
2479:
2128:
3067:
3968:
3829:
3786:
3282:
1982:"Report of the Conference of the Parties on its sixteenth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010"
3895:
3771:
3588:
2786:
4128:
3766:
3746:
3693:
3645:
2702:
4150:
3885:
3836:
3262:
3224:
3169:
2634:
347:
293:
3953:
3237:
2989:
2154:
278:
1652:
4063:
3598:
3130:
2110:
175:
climate funds for paying out money in climate finance which are coordinated by the UNFCCC. These include the
252:) in Copenhagen mentioned the "Copenhagen Green Climate Fund". The fund was formally established during the
4046:
3718:
3247:
3242:
3147:
3019:
2576:
1718:
3257:
3105:
1963:
1932:"Editorial: Wealthy Countries Are Responsible for Climate Change, But It’s The Poor Who Will Suffer Most"
1524:
316:
180:
4116:
3880:
3683:
3640:
3413:
3335:
3189:
2507:
Abbott, K.W., Gartner, D. (2011). "The Green Climate Fund and the Future of Environmental Governance".
186:
As of Dec 2023, the GCF had a portfolio of 13.5 billion USD (51.9 billion USD including co-financing).
3985:
3660:
3635:
3608:
3570:
3487:
3305:
3152:
3110:
2860:
2629:
2624:
2619:
1895:
414:
230:
143:
139:
3500:
2337:
146:
activities. The GCF is an operating entity of the financial mechanism of the UNFCCC. It is based in
3995:
3990:
3980:
3921:
3761:
3267:
3232:
3120:
3047:
2888:
2717:
2653:
2614:
2556:
2289:
4155:
4104:
4026:
3936:
3678:
3650:
3330:
2984:
2962:
2569:
2359:
1744:
217:
for most greenhouse gas emissions. As a consequence, it has been argued that these countries are
315:(AF), the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF) and the
179:(AF), the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF) and the
3703:
3523:
3465:
3382:
3367:
3252:
2893:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2516:
4092:
3738:
3615:
3423:
2878:
2801:
2524:
2405:
2175:
256:
in Cancun as a fund within the UNFCCC framework. Its governing instrument was adopted at the
1882:"Executive Director unveils "50by30" blueprint for reform, targeting USD 50 billion by 2030"
163:
The Green Climate Fund supports projects and other activities in developing countries using
3931:
3809:
3470:
3040:
2967:
1514:
private sector is also written into the GCF's Governing Instrument, its founding document.
261:
218:
364:
public sources, or whether "leveraged" private finance will be counted towards the total.
8:
3948:
3723:
2952:
2947:
1988:
312:
176:
2377:
Pro-poor Climate Finance: Is There a Role for Private Finance in the Green Climate Fund?
134:(UNFCCC). Considered the world's largest fund of its kind, GCF's objective is to assist
3776:
3708:
3625:
3475:
3440:
3397:
3392:
2957:
2268:
226:
222:
154:, South Korea. It is governed by a Board of 24 members and supported by a Secretariat.
135:
1653:"Climate Finance: Essential Components, Existing Challenges, and On-going Initiatives"
4010:
3673:
3418:
3184:
2972:
2935:
2722:
2676:
2512:
2249:
1821:
1660:
241:
210:
2155:"UN Secretary-General's High-level Advisory Group on Climate Change Financing (AGF)"
167:. It is intended that the Green Climate Fund be the centrepiece of efforts to raise
4053:
3620:
3603:
3544:
3435:
3199:
2918:
2791:
2727:
1947:
1896:"Developed Countries Are Responsible for 79 Percent of Historical Carbon Emissions"
1584:
4005:
3926:
3890:
3819:
3793:
3781:
3698:
3630:
3505:
3362:
2979:
2930:
2908:
2064:"Summary of the Durban Climate Change Conference: 28 November - 11 December 2011"
1951:
1859:
342:
331:
304:
289:
172:
168:
127:
2078:
327:
4180:
3958:
3814:
3756:
3751:
3593:
3482:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3057:
2994:
2732:
2712:
2671:
2592:
2431:
2218:
1771:"3 ways country ownership is being put to the test with climate change funding"
335:
191:
157:
28:
4144:
4031:
3963:
3688:
3510:
3495:
3430:
3325:
2484:
2253:
1920:"Paris Climate Talks: Developed Countries Must Do More than Reduce Emissions"
1664:
297:
1946:
Manila, London, Cape Town, Washington, et al.: CSO Equity Review Coalition.
1943:
3916:
3713:
3357:
3347:
2999:
2883:
2796:
1534:
376:
307:. As of 2022, there are five multilateral climate funds coordinated by the
300:
groups, which pilot and execute innovative approaches to climate programs.
234:
2311:
1797:"Civil Society Pushes for More Active Participation in Green Climate Fund"
1571:"U.S. Delivers for the Green Climate Fund and the World's Most Vulnerable"
3943:
3460:
3452:
2707:
360:
1908:"Cambridge Sustainability Commission Report on Scaling Behaviour Change"
350:
Indicator 13.A.1: Green Climate Fund mobilization of $ 100 billion, 2018
160:, a Portuguese development economist, is the Fund's Executive Director.
3975:
3352:
2102:
Schalatek, L., Stiftung, H., Nakhooda, S. and Bird, N., February 2011,
273:
2432:"Failed Mechanism: Hundreds of Hydros Expose Serious Flaws in the CDM"
2925:
86:
37:
2129:"Green Climate Fund must take risks in warming fight, says new head"
2338:"The Little-Known Fund at the Heart of the Paris Climate Agreement"
2040:"Green Climate Fund names Mafalda Duarte as new Executive Director"
2903:
2561:
1600:"Transitional Committee for the design of the Green Climate Fund"
151:
123:
90:
102:
3911:
1855:"Green fund investing in the wrong projects, says former chief"
249:
147:
2240:
Eddy, Somini Sengupta, Melissa; Buckley, Chris (1 June 2017).
285:
independent secretariat and the permanent trustee of the GCF.
3825:
Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
2913:
1547:
190:
might further fragment taxpayer's money that is put towards
2549:
2242:"As Trump Exits Paris Agreement, Other Nations Are Defiant"
2015:"Green Climate Fund - report of the Transitional Committee"
1854:
16:
Fund helping developing countries to counter climate change
1944:"Can Climate Change Fuelled Loss and Damage Ever be Fair?"
4001:
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change
2506:
2480:"Green Climate Fund Can Be Spent To Subsidise Dirty Coal"
2454:"UN green climate fund can be spent on coal-fired power"
1690:"COP28: Green Climate Fund reaches record funding level"
1535:
Failure to ban fossil fuel funding and business as usual
381:
announcement of U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement
334:
contributions by country (or region in the case of the
4161:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
3842:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
2190:
2188:
387:
Green Climate Fund Financial Contribution by Country
288:
The fund partners with 84 organizations that include
132:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
2395:"A Realistic Policy on International Carbon Offsets"
319:(GEF). The GCF is the largest of these five funds.
183:(GEF). The GCF is the largest of these five funds.
2185:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1719:"Where's the Money? The Elephant in the Boardroom"
2392:
1745:"Songdo Fallout: is green finance a red herring?"
130:that was established within the framework of the
4142:
4042:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
2429:
225:worldwide, including costs of the transition of
171:under the UNFCCC. There are four other, smaller
2360:Songdo Fallout: is green finance a red herring?
1968:
357:High Level Advisory Group on Climate Financing
311:. These are the Green Climate Fund (GCF), the
2782:History of climate change policy and politics
2577:
2213:"A green climate fund but no money at Durban"
1504:
258:2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference
254:2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference
246:2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference
2529:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2509:Earth System Governance Working Paper No. 16
2273:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2057:
2055:
2053:
1964:"Who’s Most Responsible for Climate Change?"
1894:Center for Global Development, 15 Aug. 2015
1527:, leading to counter-productivity, and even
2899:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
2239:
1826:"Why We Should Kill The Green Climate Fund"
4123:
4111:
3568:
2584:
2570:
1591:
3863:
3669:Adaptation strategies on the German coast
2807:United Nations Climate Change conferences
2393:Wara, M. W.; Victor, D. G. (April 2008).
2050:
2006:
1548:Balance between mitigation and adaptation
1517:
221:to pay for a lion's share of the cost of
3373:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation
1906:Rapid Transition Alliance, 13 Apr. 2021
1585:"Executive Director, Green Climate Fund"
1287:
341:
326:
3729:National Adaptation Programme of Action
3518:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
2288:Fund, Green Climate (5 November 2020).
2126:
1820:
1688:Fund, Green Climate (3 December 2023).
407:
404:
399:
394:
4143:
3378:Economics of climate change mitigation
3341:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)
2859:
2687:Scientific consensus on climate change
2500:
83:Songdo International Business District
4037:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
3862:
3567:
3303:
2858:
2770:
2651:
2603:
2565:
2335:
2305:
2303:
2210:
2174:Institute for Policy Studies (2013),
2038:Fund, Green Climate (14 March 2023).
1852:
1848:
1846:
1816:
1814:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1742:
1683:
1681:
410:
322:
4059:Representative Concentration Pathway
3005:Tipping points in the climate system
2681:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
2386:
2310:Fund, Green Climate (29 July 2022).
2309:
2287:
2104:The design of the Green Climate Fund
2061:
2037:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1738:
1736:
1712:
1710:
1687:
1646:
1644:
1618:
1616:
3830:Nationally determined contributions
3540:Individual action on climate change
2750:World energy supply and consumption
2180:A Glossary of Climate Finance Terms
13:
4171:2010 establishments in South Korea
3969:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis
2591:
2300:
2233:
2012:
1979:
1853:Clark, Pilita (6 September 2016).
1843:
1811:
1785:
1716:
1678:
1650:
1597:
14:
4192:
4166:Organizations established in 2010
3896:Satellite temperature measurement
3501:forestry for carbon sequestration
2787:History of climate change science
2541:
2375:Friends of the Earth USA (2013),
1930:Los Angeles Times, 15 Sept. 2019
1759:
1733:
1707:
1641:
1613:
4122:
4110:
4099:
4098:
4086:
3747:Climate Change Performance Index
3126:Destruction of cultural heritage
2211:Sethi, Nitin (6 December 2011).
36:
27:
3886:Instrumental temperature record
3837:Sustainable Development Goal 13
2472:
2446:
2423:
2369:
2352:
2329:
2281:
2204:
2168:
2146:
2120:
2096:
2031:
1956:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1888:
1874:
1308:($ million, as of July 2023)
348:Sustainable Development Goal 13
338:, which is the bar at the left)
4176:Organizations based in Incheon
3954:Climate variability and change
3304:
2990:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
2152:
2127:Rowling, Meghan (3 May 2019).
2115:Overseas Development Institute
1962:The New Republic, 8 Dec. 2015
1577:
1563:
359:(AGF) by UN Secretary-General
279:Overseas Development Institute
1:
4064:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
3599:Climate emergency declaration
2488:. Cleantechnica. 7 April 2015
1556:
267:
4047:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
3273:Middle East and North Africa
2604:
1952:10.6084/m9.figshare.10565549
7:
2771:
2557:List of accredited entities
2071:Earth Negotiations Bulletin
1918:The Guardian, 23 Nov. 2015
1769:Carvalho, Annaka Peterson.
317:Global Environment Facility
181:Global Environment Facility
58:; 14 years ago
10:
4197:
3881:Global surface temperature
3772:Popular culture depictions
3684:Ecosystem-based adaptation
3414:Carbon capture and storage
3336:Carbon offsets and credits
2652:
1624:"Climate Finance | UNFCCC"
1505:Role of the private sector
204:
4093:Climate change portal
4080:
4019:
3986:Extreme event attribution
3904:
3873:
3869:
3858:
3802:
3737:
3659:
3609:School Strike for Climate
3581:
3577:
3563:
3532:
3488:Climate-smart agriculture
3449:
3406:
3316:
3312:
3299:
3223:
3081:
3028:
2871:
2867:
2854:
2777:
2766:
2695:
2664:
2660:
2647:
2630:Climate change adaptation
2625:Climate change mitigation
2620:Effects of climate change
2610:
2599:
2434:. Internationalrivers.org
2340:. Foreign Policy in Focus
2201:. Retrieved 22 March 2020
2062:IISD (13 December 2011).
1942:CSO Equity Review (2019)
1747:. Foreign Policy in Focus
1491:
244:, established during the
231:least developed countries
140:climate change adaptation
97:
78:
70:
52:
44:
35:
26:
3996:Global warming potential
3803:International agreements
3450:Preserving and enhancing
2889:Arctic methane emissions
2811:Years in climate change
2718:Greenhouse gas emissions
2615:Causes of climate change
2383:. Retrieved 24 July 2013
2381:Friends of the Earth USA
2366:. Retrieved 23 July 2013
2182:. Retrieved 23 July 2013
2117:. Retrieved 7 April 2012
211:industrialized countries
165:thematic funding windows
4027:Climate change scenario
3679:Disaster risk reduction
3331:Carbon emission trading
3141:U.S. insurance industry
3116:Civilizational collapse
2963:sea surface temperature
2364:Foreign Policy in Focus
2290:"Resource mobilization"
1479:Bosnia and Herzegovina
332:Paris Climate Agreement
4151:Climate change finance
4020:Research and modelling
3704:Nature-based solutions
3524:Nature-based solutions
3466:Carbon dioxide removal
3383:Fossil fuel divestment
3368:Climate risk insurance
3278:Small island countries
2894:Arctic sea ice decline
2430:International Rivers.
1795:Godoy, Emilio (2013).
1518:Additionality of funds
351:
339:
3981:Earth's energy budget
3864:Background and theory
3752:Climate crisis (term)
3424:Fossil fuel phase-out
3318:Economics and finance
3283:by individual country
3225:By country and region
3200:Security and conflict
3195:Psychological impacts
2879:Abrupt climate change
2802:Charles David Keeling
2635:By country and region
2336:Reyes, Oscar (2016).
2077:(534). Archived from
1799:. Inter Press Service
1743:Reyes, Oscar (2013).
1288:Beneficiary countries
411:Emissions per capita
345:
330:
296:, state agencies and
215:countries responsible
3810:Glasgow Climate Pact
3471:Carbon sequestration
3041:Mass mortality event
2404:(74). Archived from
2358:Oscar Reyes (2013),
2111:Stanford Web Archive
2109:7 March 2012 at the
1717:Wu, Brandon (2013).
1347:Antigua and Barbuda
1306:Total GCF Financing
262:Durban, South Africa
136:developing countries
3949:Climate sensitivity
3724:The Adaptation Fund
3180:Infectious diseases
3082:Social and economic
1994:on 28 November 2011
1824:(8 November 2013).
1651:Global, IndraStra.
1300:Number of projects
1293:
388:
219:morally responsible
23:
3520:(LULUCF and AFOLU)
3492:Forest management
3476:Direct air capture
3441:Sustainable energy
3398:Net zero emissions
3393:Low-carbon economy
3388:Green Climate Fund
3175:Indigenous peoples
3073:Plant biodiversity
2861:Effects and issues
2411:on 18 October 2011
2402:PESD Working Paper
2316:Green Climate Fund
2294:Green Climate Fund
2246:The New York Times
2195:Green Climate Fund
2176:Green Climate Fund
1822:Razzouk, Assaad W.
1694:Green Climate Fund
1302:(as of July 2023)
1292:
386:
352:
340:
323:Sources of finance
223:climate mitigation
116:Green Climate Fund
22:Green Climate Fund
21:
4138:
4137:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4011:Radiative forcing
3854:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3674:Adaptive capacity
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3419:Energy transition
3295:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3010:Tropical cyclones
2936:Urban heat island
2850:
2849:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2723:Carbon accounting
2677:Greenhouse effect
2643:
2642:
2199:Status of Pledges
2084:on 1 October 2016
1721:. Huffington Post
1489:
1488:
1285:
1284:
405:Signed per capita
294:development banks
242:Copenhagen Accord
109:
108:
103:GreenClimate.fund
4188:
4126:
4125:
4114:
4113:
4102:
4101:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4054:Paleoclimatology
3871:
3870:
3860:
3859:
3621:Ecological grief
3604:Climate movement
3579:
3578:
3565:
3564:
3545:Plant-based diet
3436:Renewable energy
3314:
3313:
3301:
3300:
3136:Economic impacts
3063:Invasive species
2919:Coastal flooding
2869:
2868:
2856:
2855:
2792:Svante Arrhenius
2768:
2767:
2738:from agriculture
2728:Carbon footprint
2713:Greenhouse gases
2662:
2661:
2649:
2648:
2601:
2600:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2563:
2562:
2553:
2552:
2550:Official website
2535:
2534:
2528:
2520:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2410:
2399:
2390:
2384:
2373:
2367:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2272:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2208:
2202:
2192:
2183:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2124:
2118:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2068:
2059:
2048:
2047:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2019:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1987:. Archived from
1986:
1977:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1850:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1657:IndraStra Global
1648:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1294:
1291:
389:
385:
105:
66:
64:
59:
40:
31:
24:
20:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4087:
4085:
4068:
4015:
4006:Orbital forcing
3900:
3865:
3846:
3820:Paris Agreement
3798:
3794:Warming stripes
3733:
3699:Managed retreat
3694:Loss and damage
3655:
3589:Business action
3573:
3551:
3528:
3451:
3445:
3402:
3363:Climate finance
3308:
3287:
3219:
3077:
3053:Extinction risk
3029:Flora and fauna
3024:
2985:Permafrost thaw
2980:Ozone depletion
2909:Extreme weather
2863:
2846:
2773:
2754:
2691:
2656:
2639:
2606:
2595:
2590:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2522:
2521:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2374:
2370:
2357:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2308:
2301:
2286:
2282:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2256:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2209:
2205:
2193:
2186:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2125:
2121:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2066:
2060:
2051:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1978:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1860:Financial times
1851:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1830:The Independent
1819:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1773:. Oxfam America
1767:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1686:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1649:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1550:
1537:
1520:
1507:
1494:
1290:
418:
412:
401:
396:
325:
313:Adaptation Fund
305:climate finance
270:
207:
177:Adaptation Fund
169:climate finance
128:climate finance
111:
101:
62:
60:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4194:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4156:Funding bodies
4153:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4120:
4108:
4096:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3961:
3959:Cloud feedback
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3877:
3875:
3867:
3866:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3817:
3815:Kyoto Protocol
3812:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3769:
3767:Media coverage
3764:
3759:
3757:Climate spiral
3754:
3749:
3743:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3646:Public opinion
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3601:
3596:
3594:Climate action
3591:
3585:
3583:
3575:
3574:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3506:REDD and REDD+
3503:
3498:
3490:
3485:
3483:Carbon farming
3480:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3310:
3309:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3215:Water security
3212:
3210:Water scarcity
3207:
3205:Urban flooding
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3058:Forest dieback
3055:
3050:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2995:Sea level rise
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2968:stratification
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2865:
2864:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2733:Carbon leakage
2730:
2725:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2674:
2672:Climate system
2668:
2666:
2658:
2657:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2597:
2596:
2593:Climate change
2589:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2543:
2542:External links
2540:
2537:
2536:
2499:
2471:
2445:
2422:
2385:
2368:
2351:
2328:
2299:
2280:
2232:
2219:Times of India
2203:
2184:
2167:
2145:
2119:
2095:
2049:
2044:news.trust.org
2030:
2005:
1967:
1955:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1873:
1842:
1810:
1784:
1758:
1732:
1706:
1677:
1640:
1612:
1590:
1576:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1536:
1533:
1519:
1516:
1506:
1503:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1354:
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1340:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1321:
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1310:
1304:
1298:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1279:
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1267:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
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1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
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1127:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
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1103:
1102:
1099:
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1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
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1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
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1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
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999:
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990:
987:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
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953:
950:
947:
943:
942:
939:
936:
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907:
903:
902:
899:
896:
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879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
863:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
843:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
826:Czech Republic
823:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
803:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
783:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
763:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
743:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
723:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
703:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
683:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
663:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
643:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
623:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
603:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
583:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
563:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
543:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
523:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
503:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
483:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
463:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
443:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
423:
422:
416:
409:
408:GDP per capita
406:
403:
398:
393:
346:World map for
336:European Union
324:
321:
269:
266:
227:less developed
213:have been the
206:
203:
192:climate action
158:Mafalda Duarte
107:
106:
99:
95:
94:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4193:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4131:
4130:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4032:Climate model
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3964:Cloud forcing
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3861:
3857:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3739:Communication
3736:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3719:Vulnerability
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3689:Flood control
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3652:
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3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
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3619:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3562:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3511:reforestation
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3496:afforestation
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3431:Nuclear power
3429:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3396:
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3384:
3381:
3379:
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3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3338:
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3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3326:Carbon budget
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3163:Mental health
3161:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3099:United States
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2953:deoxygenation
2951:
2949:
2948:acidification
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
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2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2841:
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2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2805:
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2800:
2798:
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2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2769:
2765:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2743:from wetlands
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2703:Deforestation
2701:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2663:
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2646:
2636:
2633:
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2628:
2626:
2623:
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2613:
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2609:
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2558:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2532:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2487:
2486:
2485:CleanTechnica
2481:
2475:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2433:
2426:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2378:
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2332:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2304:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2276:
2270:
2255:
2251:
2247:
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2236:
2221:
2220:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2156:
2149:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2016:
2009:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1883:
1877:
1862:
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1823:
1817:
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1146:Liechtenstein
1145:
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1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
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568:
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531:
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524:
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514:
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491:
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484:
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468:
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445:
444:
440:
437:
434:
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428:
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391:
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384:
382:
378:
372:
369:
365:
362:
358:
349:
344:
337:
333:
329:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
299:
298:civil society
295:
291:
286:
282:
280:
275:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
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199:
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184:
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178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
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155:
153:
149:
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137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
104:
100:
96:
93:, South Korea
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
69:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
30:
25:
19:
4127:
4115:
4103:
4084:
3917:Carbon cycle
3874:Measurements
3569:Society and
3453:carbon sinks
3387:
3358:Climate debt
3348:Carbon price
3170:Human rights
3000:Season creep
2958:heat content
2884:Anoxic event
2797:James Hansen
2525:cite journal
2508:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2483:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2458:The Guardian
2457:
2448:
2436:. Retrieved
2425:
2413:. Retrieved
2406:the original
2401:
2388:
2380:
2371:
2363:
2354:
2344:23 September
2342:. Retrieved
2331:
2319:. Retrieved
2315:
2293:
2283:
2257:. Retrieved
2245:
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2216:
2206:
2198:
2179:
2170:
2158:. Retrieved
2148:
2136:. Retrieved
2132:
2122:
2114:
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2079:the original
2074:
2070:
2043:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1989:the original
1958:
1938:
1926:
1914:
1902:
1890:
1876:
1866:23 September
1864:. Retrieved
1858:
1833:. Retrieved
1829:
1801:. Retrieved
1775:. Retrieved
1749:. Retrieved
1723:. Retrieved
1697:. Retrieved
1693:
1668:. Retrieved
1656:
1631:. Retrieved
1627:
1603:. Retrieved
1593:
1579:
1565:
1551:
1542:
1538:
1525:CDM projects
1521:
1512:
1508:
1499:
1495:
1325:Afghanistan
1307:
1301:
402:($ Millions)
397:($ Millions)
377:Donald Trump
373:
370:
366:
353:
302:
287:
283:
271:
260:(COP 17) in
239:
235:Global South
208:
200:
196:
188:
185:
173:multilateral
164:
162:
156:
119:
115:
113:
110:
79:Headquarters
71:Legal status
45:Abbreviation
18:
3944:Carbon sink
3922:atmospheric
3787:video games
3461:Blue carbon
3089:Agriculture
3068:Marine life
3015:Water cycle
2973:temperature
2708:Fossil fuel
2312:"Countries"
2225:13 December
2160:13 December
2088:15 December
1998:23 November
1670:27 December
1605:23 November
1413:Bangladesh
1380:Azerbaijan
1135:< $ 0.01
1075:< $ 0.01
1035:< $ 0.01
1015:< $ 0.01
866:New Zealand
686:South Korea
666:Switzerland
646:Netherlands
413:(tonnes of
361:Ban Ki-moon
209:Wealthier,
4145:Categories
3976:Cryosphere
3937:permafrost
3709:Resilience
3661:Adaptation
3636:Litigation
3626:Governance
3571:adaptation
3353:Carbon tax
3306:Mitigation
3243:Antarctica
3131:Disability
2438:7 November
2415:7 November
1835:8 December
1633:3 December
1628:unfccc.int
1557:References
1358:Argentina
1269:< $ 0.1
1152:< $ 0.1
1149:< $ 0.1
786:Luxembourg
395:Announced
290:commercial
274:World Bank
268:Procedures
144:mitigation
3991:Feedbacks
3762:Education
3263:Caribbean
3258:Australia
3185:Migration
3148:Fisheries
3094:Livestock
3020:Wildfires
2926:Heat wave
2269:cite news
2254:0362-4331
1665:2381-3652
1424:Barbados
1158:$ 135,000
1086:Lithuania
1026:Indonesia
918:$ 163,000
798:$ 111,000
606:Australia
87:Yeonsu-gu
53:Formation
4117:Glossary
4105:Category
3927:biologic
3641:Politics
3533:Personal
3238:Americas
3106:Children
2872:Physical
2665:Overview
2605:Overview
2460:. London
2107:Archived
2013:UNFCCC.
1980:UNFCCC.
1598:UNFCCC.
1468:Bolivia
1402:Bahrain
1391:Bahamas
1369:Armenia
1336:Albania
1297:Country
1266:Mongolia
1238:$ 22,000
1226:Portugal
1198:$ 53,000
1178:$ 27,000
1138:$ 10,000
1106:Bulgaria
1098:$ 16,000
1078:$ 14,000
1058:$ 23,000
1006:Colombia
998:$ 15,000
978:$ 16,000
958:$ 52,000
938:$ 12,000
898:$ 20,000
878:$ 42,000
858:$ 14,000
838:$ 20,000
818:$ 10,000
778:$ 51,000
758:$ 50,000
738:$ 48,000
718:$ 61,000
698:$ 28,000
678:$ 85,000
658:$ 52,000
638:$ 30,000
618:$ 62,000
598:$ 97,000
578:$ 35,000
558:$ 50,000
538:$ 59,000
518:$ 48,000
498:$ 43,000
478:$ 46,000
458:$ 36,000
438:$ 55,000
3932:oceanic
3782:fiction
3631:Justice
3582:Society
3190:Poverty
2904:Drought
2772:History
2696:Sources
2517:1931066
2492:8 April
2464:8 April
2321:19 July
2133:Reuters
2023:23 July
1803:24 July
1777:24 July
1751:24 July
1725:24 July
1457:Bhutan
1435:Belize
1278:$ 4,000
1258:$ 7,000
1218:$ 2,000
1206:Vietnam
1186:Ireland
1126:Romania
1118:$ 8,000
1038:$ 4,000
1018:$ 8,000
946:Iceland
915:$ 28.89
886:Estonia
846:Hungary
795:$ 58.63
766:Austria
746:Finland
726:Belgium
715:$ 12.73
706:Denmark
675:$ 12.21
595:$ 50.20
535:$ 59.31
515:$ 12.40
512:$ 1,003
509:$ 1,003
506:Germany
495:$ 15.64
492:$ 1,035
489:$ 1,035
475:$ 18.77
472:$ 1,211
469:$ 1,211
455:$ 11.80
452:$ 1,500
449:$ 1,500
432:$ 3,000
429:$ 3,000
400:Signed
392:Country
379:in his
205:History
152:Incheon
122:) is a
98:Website
91:Incheon
61: (
3912:Albedo
3905:Theory
3616:Denial
3407:Energy
3268:Europe
3248:Arctic
3233:Africa
3158:Health
3153:Gender
3111:Cities
3036:Biomes
2943:Oceans
2931:Marine
2654:Causes
2515:
2259:1 June
2252:
1663:
1492:Issues
1446:Benin
1419:374.0
1375:117.1
1364:208.7
1320:103.7
1314:Ghana
1249:$ 6.00
1229:$ 2.68
1209:$ 0.10
1189:$ 2.70
1169:$ 0.50
1166:Cyprus
1155:$ 1.48
1132:$ 0.10
1129:$ 0.10
1115:$ 0.02
1112:$ 0.10
1109:$ 0.10
1095:$ 0.04
1092:$ 0.10
1089:$ 0.10
1072:$ 0.11
1069:$ 0.11
1066:Poland
1055:$ 0.47
1052:$ 0.20
1049:$ 0.20
1032:$ 0.25
1029:$ 0.25
1012:$ 0.30
1009:$ 6.00
995:$ 0.02
992:$ 0.30
989:$ 0.30
975:$ 0.24
972:$ 0.47
969:$ 0.47
966:Latvia
955:$ 1.55
952:$ 0.50
949:$ 1.00
935:$ 0.25
932:$ 1.00
929:$ 1.00
926:Panama
912:$ 1.08
909:$ 1.08
906:Monaco
895:$ 0.99
892:$ 1.30
889:$ 1.30
875:$ 0.57
872:$ 2.56
869:$ 2.56
855:$ 0.43
852:$ 4.30
849:$ 4.30
835:$ 0.57
832:$ 5.32
829:$ 5.32
815:$ 0.08
812:$ 10.0
809:$ 10.0
806:Mexico
792:$ 33.4
789:$ 46.8
775:$ 4.09
772:$ 34.8
769:$ 34.8
755:$ 8.49
752:$ 46.4
735:$ 6.18
732:$ 66.9
729:$ 66.9
712:$ 71.8
709:$ 71.8
695:$ 1.99
655:$ 7.94
635:$ 3.46
615:$ 7.92
586:Norway
575:$ 4.54
555:$ 7.79
546:Canada
526:Sweden
486:France
435:$ 9.41
309:UNFCCC
250:COP-15
148:Songdo
74:Active
4181:Funds
4129:Index
3891:Proxy
3651:Women
3121:Crime
3048:Birds
2914:Flood
2409:(PDF)
2398:(PDF)
2138:4 May
2082:(PDF)
2067:(PDF)
2018:(PDF)
1992:(PDF)
1985:(PDF)
1699:8 May
1529:fraud
1485:17.3
1474:33.3
1463:51.9
1452:66.6
1441:12.0
1430:87.0
1397:31.2
1353:39.4
1342:29.1
1331:17.2
1046:Malta
986:Chile
749:$ 107
692:$ 100
689:$ 100
672:$ 100
669:$ 100
652:$ 134
649:$ 134
632:$ 161
629:$ 161
626:Spain
612:$ 187
609:$ 187
592:$ 258
589:$ 258
572:$ 268
569:$ 334
566:Italy
552:$ 277
549:$ 277
532:$ 581
529:$ 581
446:Japan
138:with
3714:Risk
3253:Asia
2840:2024
2835:2023
2830:2022
2825:2021
2820:2020
2815:2019
2531:link
2513:SSRN
2494:2015
2466:2015
2440:2011
2417:2011
2346:2016
2323:2023
2275:link
2261:2017
2250:ISSN
2227:2011
2217:The
2162:2011
2153:UN.
2140:2019
2090:2011
2025:2013
2000:2011
1868:2016
1837:2013
1805:2013
1779:2013
1753:2013
1727:2013
1701:2024
1672:2022
1661:ISSN
1635:2018
1607:2011
1408:2.3
1246:Peru
292:and
240:The
229:and
142:and
126:for
124:fund
114:The
63:2010
56:2010
3777:art
1948:doi
901:14
841:10
801:21
761:10
701:12
661:10
621:17
561:14
441:17
426:USA
120:GCF
48:GCF
4147::
2527:}}
2523:{{
2511:.
2482:.
2456:.
2400:.
2379:,
2362:,
2314:.
2302:^
2292:.
2271:}}
2267:{{
2248:.
2244:.
2215:.
2197:,
2187:^
2178:,
2131:.
2113:,
2075:12
2073:.
2069:.
2052:^
2042:.
1970:^
1857:.
1845:^
1828:.
1813:^
1787:^
1761:^
1735:^
1709:^
1692:.
1680:^
1659:.
1655:.
1643:^
1626:.
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