563:
2640:
816:
668:
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120:
700:
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635:) are equal in length, with the femur having a large head and the presence of long cnemial crests in the tarsometatarsus. The patella is separate and supports the tarsometatarsus posteriorly which greatly helps with the contraction in the muscles. They swim by simultaneously spreading out the feet and bringing them inward, with the webbing expanded to produce the forward thrust in much the same way as frogs. However, due to the anatomy of the legs, grebes are not as mobile on land as they are on the water. Although they can run for a short distance, they are prone to falling over, since they have their feet placed far back on the body.
753:
3356:
3247:
these courtship rituals are completed, both partners solicit copulation towards each other and mount on floating platforms of vegetation. Females lay two to seven eggs and incubation can last nearly a month. Chicks of the nest hatch asynchronously. Once the whole nest has hatched, the chicks begin to climb on one of their parent's backs. Both parents take care of rearing their young, and the duration of care is longer than those of other waterfowl. This enables a greater survival rate for the chicks. One parent dives for food, while the other watches the young on the surface.
3173:
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2593:
145:
3153:
608:
2982:
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551:
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792:, a finding that has been backed up by morphological evidence. They hold at least eleven morphological traits in common not found in other birds. For example, both flamingoes and grebes lay eggs coated with chalky amorphous calcium phosphate. Many of these characteristics have been previously identified in flamingos, but not in grebes. For the grebe-flamingo
3234:
do a "penguin dance" where the male and female stand upright, breast posturing out and run along the water's surface. A similar ritual in other species is the "weed dance" in which both partners hold pieces of aquatic vegetation in their bills and are positioned upright towards each other. There is
847:
have been suggested to be the transitional linkage between the filter-feeding flamingos and the foot-propelled diving grebes. The evidence for this comes from the overall similarity between the foot and limb structure of grebes and palaeloids, suggesting the latter family of waterbirds were able to
623:
On the surface of the water they swim low with just the head and neck exposed. All species have lobed toes, and are excellent swimmers and divers. The feet are always large, with broad lobes on the toes and small webs connecting the front three toes. The hind toe also has a small lobe as well. The
3246:
there is incorporation of aquatic vegetation in their courtship, but it is not as elaborate as the more derived and larger species. It has been hypothesized that such courtship displays between mates originated from intraspecific aggression that evolved in a way that strengthened pair bonds. Once
480:
and are known for their courtship displays, with the pair performing synchronized dances across the water's surface. The birds build floating vegetative nests where they lay several eggs. About a third of the world's grebes are listed at various levels of conservation concerns—the biggest threats
3852:
Hackett, Shannon J.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Reddy, Sushma; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Braun, Edward L.; Braun, Michael J.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Cox, W. Andrew; Han, Kin-Lan; Harshman, John; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Marks, Ben D.; Miglia, Kathleen J.; Moore, William S.; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Steadman,
650:
is long and fairly weak, supporting secondary feathers. There are 11 primaries and 17 to 22 secondaries, with the inner secondaries being longer than the primaries. As such grebes are generally not strong or rapid fliers. Some species are reluctant to fly. Indeed, two South
American species are
3219:
is the most piscivorous of the grebes. Closely related species that overlap in their range often avoid interspecific competition by having prey preferences and adaptations for it. In areas where there is just as a single species, they tend to have more generalized bills with more openness to
3383:. These species went extinct due to anthropogenic changes, such as habitat loss, the introduction of invasive predatory fishes, and the use of fishing nets that tangled birds in the lakes they once existed in. Similar issues are befalling the Colombian grebe's closest relatives, the
509:
when he adopted the word for the family. Some of the smaller species are often referred to as "dabchick", which originated in the mid 16th century
English as they were said to be chick-like birds that dive. The clade names "Podicipediformes" and "Podicipedidae" is based on the genus
740:. In the nonbreeding season, grebes are plain-coloured in dark browns and whites. However, most have ornate and distinctive breeding plumages, often developing chestnut markings on the head area, and perform elaborate display rituals. The young, particularly those of the genus
3370:
Thirty percent of the total extant species are considered to be threatened species by the IUCN. The handful of critically endangered and extinct species of grebe are lake endemics and nearly all of them are or were flightless. The three recently extinct species consist of the
875:
date from a time when most if not all extant genera were already present. Because grebes are evolutionarily isolated and they only started to appear in the
Northern Hemisphere fossil record in the Early Miocene, they are likely to have originated in the Southern Hemisphere.
651:
completely flightless. Since grebes generally dive more than fly, the sternum can be as small or even smaller than the pelvic girdle. When they do fly, they often launch themselves off from the water and must run along the surface as they flap their wings to provide a lift.
716:. On average grebes have 20,000 feathers, the highest among birds. The feathers are very dense and strongly curved. In the larger species feathers are more dense but shorter, while the opposite is true in smaller species where the feathers are longer but less dense.
784:
forces encountered by unrelated birds sharing the same lifestyle at different times and in different habitat. Grebes and loons are now separately classified orders of
Podicipediformes and Gaviiformes, respectively.
719:
The density and length of feathers is correlated exponentially with heat-loss in cold water. For this reason grebes invest plumage maintenance the most in birds in terms of duration of time and energy. The
3337:; these infect the nasal passages of grebes. The rhinonyssids move slowly in the mucous membranes, drinking blood, while the ereynetids live on the surface. Various lineages of feather mites of the clade
624:
claws are similar to nails and are flat. These lobate feet act as an oar, as when moving forward they provide minimum resistance and moving backwards they provide a coverage of maximum surface.
3235:
also the "weed rush" in which partners swim towards each other, necks stretched out with weeds in their bill, and just before colliding position themselves upright and then swim in parallel.
3228:
Grebes are perhaps best known for their elaborate courtship displays. Most species perform a duet together and many have their own synchronized rituals. Some, like those species in the genus
599:), at 1.7 kg (3.7 lb) and 71 cm (28 in). Despite these size differences grebes are a homogenous family of waterbirds with very few or slight differences among the genera.
3803:
Ericson, Per G.P.; Anderson, Cajsa L; Britton, Tom; Elzanowski, Andrzej; Johansson, Ulf S; Källersjö, Mari; Ohlson, Jan I; Parsons, Thomas J; Zuccon, Dario; Mayr, Gerald (22 December 2006).
654:
Bills vary from short and thick to long and pointed depending on the diet, and are slightly larger in males than in females (though the sizes can overlap between younger males and females).
3211:
tend to be short and stout with a preference for catching small aquatic invertebrates. The majority of grebes predate on aquatic invertebrates, with only a handful of large-bodied
3284:
that are almost all grebe specialists. The life cycle of these tapeworms begins when eggs are passed through the feces, where they are picked by intermediate hosts, which include
724:
secrete a high concentration of paraffin. The secretion provides a dual purpose of protecting the feathers from external parasites and fungi, as well as waterproofing them. When
638:
The wing shape varies depending on the species, ranging from moderately long to incredibly short and rounded in shape. The wing anatomy in grebes has a relatively short and thin
1261:
To date there is no complete phylogeny of grebes based on molecular work. However, there are comprehensive morphological works from
Bochenski (1994), Fjeldså (2004) and Ksepka
499:, which is of unknown origin and dating to 1766. It is possibly from the Breton "krib" meaning 'comb', this referring to the crests of many of the European species. However,
3964:
3536:
Frank, Harry R.; Neu, Wolfgang (1 September 1929). "Die
Schwimmbewegungen der Tauchvögel (Podiceps)" [The swimming movements of diving birds (Podiceps)].
562:
3295:. These aquatic insects are eventually be consumed by grebes, where the lifecycle begins again. Another grebe specialist family of internal parasites are the
1165:
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1141:
1125:
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834:
of grebes is incomplete as there are no transitional forms between more conventional birds and grebes known from fossils. The enigmatic waterbird
6813:
6677:
3514:
6716:
728:, grebes eat their own feathers and feed them to their young. The function of this behaviour is uncertain, but it is believed to assist with
3320:
4379:
4006:
3768:
Chubb, A.L. (January 2004). "New nuclear evidence for the oldest divergence among neognath birds: the phylogenetic utility of ZENK (i)".
6808:
3489:
Winkler, D. W.; Billerman, S. M.; Lovette, I. J. (2020). Billerman, S. M.; Keeney, B. K.; Rodewald, P. G.; Schulenberg, T. S. (eds.).
815:
3119:) are lake endemics. During the warmer or breeding seasons, many species of grebes in the northern hemisphere reside in a variety of
848:
swim and dive better than flamingos. Some early grebes share similar characteristics to the coracoid and humerus seen in palaeloids.
4027:
Zelenkov, N. V. (2015). "A Primitive Grebe (Aves, Podicipedidae) from the
Miocene of Eastern Siberia (Lake Baikal, Olkhon Island)".
6651:
4579:
4463:
Storer, R. W. (2000). "The metazoan parasite fauna of grebes (Aves: Podicepediformes) and its relationship to the birds' biology".
2639:
3941:
6690:
5375:
3853:
David W.; Witt, Christopher C.; Yuri, Tamaki (27 June 2008). "A Phylogenomic Study of Birds
Reveals Their Evolutionary History".
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and winter. Most grebes fly, although some flightless species exist, most notably in stable lakes. The order contains a single
244:
4444:
4217:
4000:
3615:
3438:
505:
was used to refer to gulls. The appearance of "grebe" in the
English language was introduced in 1768 by the Welsh naturalist
6695:
3906:"Morphological evidence for sister group relationship between flamingos (Aves: Phoenicopteridae) and grebes (Podicipedidae)"
736:
plumage is the most dense, described as very fur-like. By pressing their feathers against the body, grebes can adjust their
4344:"Fossil grebes from the Truckee Formation (Miocene) of Nevada and a new phylogenetic analysis of Podicipediformes (Aves)"
732:
formation, excreting out internal parasites and protecting their insides from sharp bone material during digestion. The
687:
4487:
4108:
Cracraft, Joel (1973). "Systematics and evolution of the
Gruiformes (class Aves). 3, Phylogeny of the suborder Grues".
3651:
3470:
2309:
4553:
4534:
4515:
3587:
6765:
4645:
4569:
6721:
667:
4919:
3166:) is a small species of grebe that mostly hunts aquatic invertebrates. Here a parent feeds its chicks a crayfish.
807:) has been proposed. Alternatively, they could be placed in one order, with Phoenocopteriformes taking priority.
119:
4291:
772:, which are also foot-propelled diving birds, and both families were once classified together under the order
699:
6703:
4623:
144:
6599:
6586:
6508:
5365:
6604:
5147:
4073:
Storer, Robert W. (April 2000). "The systematic position of the Miocene grebe Thiornis sociata Navás".
843:, however, may be close to a common ancestor of flamingos and grebes. The extinct stem-flamingo family
804:
576:) running along the surface of the water as it flaps its wings in order to get the lift it needs to fly
6798:
6770:
6731:
5062:
5052:
1249:
Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. UMMP 49592, 52261, 51848, 52276, KUVP 4484 (Late Pliocene of WC USA)
4595:
5388:
5370:
3490:
3103:) are found on multiple continents with regional subspecies or populations. A few species like the
6803:
6564:
5393:
5067:
3347:("duck leeches") tend to feed in the nasal cavities of waterbirds in general, including grebes.
3199:
have spear-like bills to catch mid-depth fish while smaller species such as those in the genera
2722:
1243:
Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. (San Diego Late Pliocene of California) – formerly included in
6793:
6757:
6526:
6484:
5360:
5172:
5122:
20:
4343:
4318:"The comparative osteology of grebes (Aves: Podicipediformes) and its systematic implications"
3990:
6752:
6682:
5197:
3668:
1252:
Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. (Glenns Ferry Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of Idaho, USA)
1189:
752:
744:, are often striped and retain some of their juvenile plumage even after reaching full size.
6744:
3355:
6625:
6573:
5825:
4785:
4638:
4409:
4355:
4082:
4036:
3862:
3734:
2599:
1860:
1674:
1327:
1113:
1037:
893:
777:
729:
469:
3942:"The contribution of fossils to the reconstruction of the higher-level phylogeny of birds"
8:
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5187:
5132:
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is the only one that is a grebe specialist. Another major group of parasites are the two
3096:
2771:
2054:
1201:
1097:
781:
674:
477:
127:
4413:
4400:
Ksepka, D. T.; Kammerer, C. (2013). "Corrigendum: Taxonomic status of the Least Grebe".
4359:
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3011:
2886:
2610:
2461:
1973:
1375:
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A few more recent grebe fossils could not be assigned to modern or prehistoric genera:
950:
537:("foot"), a reference to the placement of a grebe's legs towards the rear of its body.
139:
6578:
4606:
4094:
3781:
6739:
6612:
6591:
6491:
6264:
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3510:
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3434:
3159:
2622:
2245:
1133:
1081:
4585:
4375:
4205:
3754:
3557:
3193:
The feeding ecology of grebes is diverse. Larger species such as those in the genus
3186:) is a large species of grebe that mostly hunts fish. Here a parent feeds its chick.
705:
A pair of great crested grebe in breeding plumage as they perform a courtship ritual
227:
6617:
6130:
5272:
4944:
4886:
4819:
4760:
4714:
4704:
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4545:
Distribution and taxonomy of the birds of the world: A Study in Molecular Evolution
4417:
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2988:
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2687:
2535:
2523:
2071:
1909:
1593:
1416:
1153:
1073:
1049:
756:
Many molecular and morphological studies support a relationship between grebes and
612:
523:
438:
366:
330:
4749:
3376:
3255:
3112:
2287:
6362:
6190:
5660:
5182:
5167:
5105:
5004:
4932:
4841:
4658:
4631:
4573:
4521:
4140:
Murray, Bertram G. (May 1967). "Grebes from the Late Pliocene of North America".
3421:
3380:
3304:
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2592:
1025:
721:
639:
632:
357:
6708:
4612:
3805:"Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils"
6472:
6402:
6354:
6288:
6227:
6182:
6169:
6043:
6006:
5857:
5631:
5468:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5192:
5177:
5072:
5047:
5042:
5024:
4905:
4774:
4590:
4540:
3278:
3270:
2999:
800:
506:
434:
212:
4255:
Jehl, Joseph R. (January 1967). "Pleistocene Birds from Fossil Lake, Oregon".
4227:
4048:
3366:) was one of the three species of lake endemic grebes that have gone extinct.
481:
including habitat loss, the introduction of invasive predatory fish and human
6787:
6410:
6394:
6317:
6309:
6143:
5941:
5791:
5678:
5636:
5436:
5428:
5350:
5314:
5232:
5156:
4984:
4881:
4851:
4719:
3960:
3372:
3359:
3330:
3076:
2918:
2657:
2574:
1990:
1061:
831:
773:
77:
35:
4653:
4566:
3874:
3265:
is an external parasite that has been found in the nasal cavities of grebes.
6549:
6496:
6240:
6085:
5901:
5739:
5687:
5559:
5520:
5289:
5277:
5267:
5257:
4954:
4872:
4861:
4829:
4699:
3882:
3838:
3820:
3789:
3502:
3388:
3195:
2812:
2740:
2646:
2385:
2121:
2023:
1715:
1526:
1399:
882:
844:
569:
556:
A diving grebe showing how the hindlimbs are propelling the bird underwater
473:
282:
3152:
2981:
2227:
776:. However, as early as the 1930s, this was determined to be an example of
607:
6664:
6558:
6301:
6148:
5954:
5933:
5922:
5887:
5754:
5744:
5702:
5593:
5460:
5262:
5087:
5082:
5014:
4999:
4967:
4856:
4846:
4724:
4690:
4189:
3384:
3334:
3274:
3201:
3104:
3088:
3084:
2950:
2856:
2327:
2316:
2104:
1843:
1819:
1698:
1624:
1509:
1351:
930:
839:
592:
584:
277:
52:
3079:
and arid environments. They have successfully colonized islands such as
6418:
6280:
6219:
6198:
6030:
6014:
5949:
5894:
5866:
5798:
5763:
5641:
5489:
5324:
5299:
5057:
4735:
4421:
4367:
4276:
4161:
3746:
3549:
3343:
3338:
3315:
3261:
3207:
3120:
3080:
3072:
3068:
2234:
1926:
1641:
1303:
1178:
996:
985:
901:
871:
860:
426:
305:
253:
97:
62:
4897:
863:. There are a few prehistoric genera that are now completely extinct.
591:), at 120 g (4.2 oz) and 23.5 cm (9.3 in), to the
6638:
6378:
6333:
6122:
5915:
5832:
5816:
5805:
5715:
5651:
5610:
5309:
5110:
5097:
5077:
4977:
4465:
Miscellaneous Publications-Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan.
4342:
Ksepka, D. T.; Balanoff, A. M.; Bell, M. A.; Houseman, M. D. (2013).
3288:
3285:
3212:
3136:
1105:
1069:
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289:
156:
102:
46:
6669:
6656:
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4268:
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764:
The grebes are a radically distinct group of birds as regards their
6643:
6543:
6346:
6076:
6051:
5997:
5908:
5880:
5770:
5734:
5726:
5708:
5603:
5588:
5572:
5319:
5282:
5115:
4810:
4175:
Alvarez, R. (1977). "A Pleistocene Avifauna from Jalisco, Mexico".
3273:
have been known to parasitize the intestinal region of grebes. The
3230:
2729:
1732:
1485:
1226:
1215:
1089:
1014:
1004:
971:
960:
934:
865:
821:
789:
757:
737:
725:
512:
482:
465:
313:
297:
261:
176:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
39:
456:
Although, superficially, they resemble other diving birds such as
6256:
6109:
5988:
5873:
5839:
5777:
5598:
5452:
5444:
5137:
5009:
4994:
4680:
3307:
also contain several cestode species that are grebe specialists.
3292:
3281:
2298:
856:
765:
733:
713:
446:
199:
107:
82:
3802:
3669:"Feather-eating and Pellet-formation in the Great Crested Grebe"
768:. Accordingly, they were at first believed to be related to the
6386:
6325:
6101:
6093:
6022:
5962:
5846:
5784:
5667:
5334:
5329:
5207:
550:
166:
4611:
414:
342:
19:
This article is about the order of birds. For other uses, see
6630:
6272:
5622:
4672:
3128:
1208:(Chibanian to the Tarantian stages of Florida, United States)
851:
True grebes suddenly appear in the fossil record in the Late
835:
797:
793:
628:
450:
408:
6248:
5615:
5578:
5548:
4962:
4928:
3326:
3311:
3124:
769:
647:
646:
component which supports their primary feathers, while the
461:
457:
396:
186:
4341:
4206:"A preliminary review of the grebes, family Podicipedidae"
3341:
have evolved to occupy different sections of the feather.
619:). Note that the pelvic girdle is bigger than the sternum.
583:
Grebes are small to medium-large in size ranging from the
375:
6370:
5227:
4989:
4507:
Grebes of our world: visiting all species on 5 continents
430:
402:
387:
381:
336:
3851:
803:("miraculous birds" due to their extreme divergence and
788:
Recent molecular studies have suggested a relation with
4393:
3488:
3135:
along the coastlines. Grebes are most prevalent in the
3139:
with almost half of the world's species native there.
3062:
693:
A great crested grebe in nonbreeding or winter plumage
4434:
417:
405:
384:
369:
348:
399:
393:
378:
372:
345:
339:
5519:
3310:The prominent external parasites of grebes are the
411:
390:
333:
4212:. British Ornithologists' Club. pp. 125–131.
4110:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
3420:
3412:
4337:
4335:
3484:
3482:
6785:
4428:
4311:
4309:
3713:: ein Vergleich ihrer hinteren Extremität" [
1265:(2013) that have been done on the grebe genera.
681:) chick with its downy feathers and striped head
3573:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3497:. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
4435:Harrison, P.; Perrow, M.; Larsson, H. (2021).
4399:
4332:
3479:
3418:
4913:
4639:
4458:
4456:
4306:
4197:
4177:Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3606:Fjeldså, John (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
3456:
3454:
3452:
3450:
5427:
4020:
3935:
3933:
3564:
3223:
500:
494:
485:. As such, three species have gone extinct.
4135:
4133:
4068:
4066:
3610:. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 59–60.
3429:(Hardcover ed.). Ortho Books. p.
3131:. Once winter arrives many will migrate to
1007:stages of western United States and Mexico)
532:
526:
517:
4920:
4906:
4646:
4632:
4528:. Bruce Coleman Books, Uxbridge, England.
4453:
3624:
3582:. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
3447:
3067:Grebes are a nearly cosmopolitan clade of
1196:(Piacenzian stage of Idaho, United States)
118:
4402:Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
4348:Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
4315:
4250:
4248:
4203:
4188:
4121:
3930:
3921:
3828:
3725:: a comparison of their hind limbs].
3577:
3538:Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie
2207:
819:Reconstructed skeleton of fossil slab of
602:
4547:. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
4471:
4130:
4107:
4063:
4026:
3982:
3535:
3354:
3254:
814:
751:
606:
540:
4927:
4289:
4183:(19). University of Michigan: 205–220.
4174:
3666:
3641:
3605:
3460:
976:Dimitreijevich, Gál & Kessler, 2002
965:Dimitreijevich, Gál & Kessler, 2002
493:The word "grebe" comes from the French
429:birds, with some species also found in
6814:Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte
6786:
4462:
4437:Seabirds: The New Identification Guide
4245:
4139:
4072:
3700:
3401:List of Podicipediformes by population
6525:
6524:
5412:
4901:
4627:
4296:Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
3770:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
3767:
3601:
3599:
3517:from the original on 21 December 2022
3238:In the smaller and basal genera like
1092:age of North Carolina, United States)
6732:be8226c5-7a8c-429a-8827-d550be0c5e03
6479:
4477:
4254:
4210:Systematic Notes on Asian Birds 2010
3988:
3939:
3903:
3491:"Grebes (Podicipedidae) version 1.0"
1268:
6503:
3646:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3063:Habitat, distribution and migration
1056:(Piacenzian stage of North America)
1032:(Piacenzian stage of North America)
516:which is a combination of Latin of
464:, they are most closely related to
13:
4543:& Monroe, Burt L. Jr. (1990):
4499:
4292:"Pliocene bird remains from Idaho"
3970:from the original on 11 April 2016
3910:Zoological Journal of the Society
3596:
3142:
3071:, found on every continent except
3057:
2958:von Berlepsch & Stolzmann 1894
2943:von Berlepsch & Stolzmann 1894
2798:(Australasian great crested grebe)
1160:(Zanclean age of Western Mongolia)
356:) are aquatic diving birds in the
14:
6825:
6809:Extant Chattian first appearances
5381:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
4560:
4482:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
2352:(van Rossem & Hachisuka 1937)
1120:(Aquitanian age of North America)
1076:stages of Florida, United States)
425:). Grebes are widely distributed
6502:
6490:
6478:
6467:
6466:
6357:(New World vultures and condors)
4614:The New Student's Reference Work
3949:Species, Phylogeny and Evolution
3923:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00094.x
3171:
3151:
2980:
2721:
2638:
2591:
2308:
2226:
810:
698:
686:
666:
561:
549:
365:
329:
143:
50:
4382:from the original on 2023-01-02
4283:
4234:from the original on 2022-10-23
4168:
4101:
4009:from the original on 2023-03-18
3897:
3845:
3796:
3761:
3701:Stolpe, Max (1 January 1935). "
3683:from the original on 2016-04-15
3608:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
3350:
3250:
904:stage of western United States)
5413:
3904:Mayr, Gerald (February 2004).
3694:
3660:
3529:
2864:(Boddaert 1783) Bochenski 1994
2789:(Eurasian great crested grebe)
747:
1:
4586:Diving Birds of North America
4480:Extinct Birds: Second Edition
4439:. Barcelona: Lynx Ediciones.
4095:10.1016/S0753-3969(00)80003-8
3782:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00159-3
3580:Diving Birds of North America
3406:
3391:, along with climate change.
3029:(Falkland white-tufted grebe)
2904:(Eurasian black-necked grebe)
2807:(African great crested grebe)
2281:(Antillean pied-billed grebe)
4509:. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
3038:(Chilean white-tufted grebe)
2913:(African black-necked grebe)
2272:(southern pied-billed grebe)
2263:(northern pied-billed grebe)
1256:
1044:(Piacenzian stage of Europe)
488:
7:
6421:(woodpeckers and relatives)
4322:Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia
4290:Wetmore, Alexander (1933).
3394:
3318:. One genus of these lice,
3111:) and the recently extinct
3087:. Some species such as the
3075:. They are absent from the
2615:Poliocephalus poliocephalus
2465:Tachybaptus novaehollandiae
1376:Tachybaptus novaehollandiae
1170:(Miller & Bowman, 1958)
1148:(Piacenzian stage of Italy)
657:
531:("rear-end" or "anus") and
10:
6830:
6283:(cormorants and relatives)
5376:Extinct species since 1500
4661:: Podicipediformes ·
4524:& Rose, Chris (2003):
3047:(Junín white-tufted grebe)
2971:(Meyer de Schauensee 1959)
2618:(Jardine & Selby 1827)
18:
6533:
6462:
6413:(kingfishers and rollers)
6345:
6300:
6267:(albatrosses and petrels)
6239:
6210:
6181:
6160:
6151:(swifts and hummingbirds)
6133:(nightjars and relatives)
6121:
6084:
6075:
6042:
6005:
5996:
5987:
5983:
5957:(pheasants and relatives)
5932:
5856:
5815:
5753:
5725:
5701:
5677:
5650:
5571:
5558:
5515:
5488:
5484:
5423:
5419:
5408:
5404:
5343:
5246:
5146:
5096:
5023:
4953:
4940:
4870:
4808:
4783:
4758:
4733:
4688:
4670:
4208:. In Wells, David (ed.).
4049:10.1134/S0031030115050159
3299:. Other families such as
3224:Breeding and reproduction
2662:Aechmophorus occidentalis
2478:(Australian little grebe)
2456:(Philippine little grebe)
2118:
2101:
2094:
2068:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2020:
2013:
1987:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1923:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1857:
1840:
1833:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1729:
1712:
1695:
1688:
1671:
1664:
1638:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1590:
1583:
1523:
1506:
1499:
1482:
1475:
1413:
1396:
1389:
1372:
1365:
1348:
1341:
1324:
1317:
1300:
1293:
1286:
274:
269:
259:
252:
140:Scientific classification
138:
126:
117:
30:
6312:(seriemas and relatives)
6291:(pelicans and relatives)
4598:Documentary produced by
4204:Mlíkovský, Jiří (2010).
4075:Annales de Paléontologie
3727:Journal für Ornithologie
3220:different prey sources.
2945:(northern silvery grebe)
2936:(southern silvery grebe)
2627:Poliocephalus rufopectus
1233:(Tortonian age of Spain)
1136:stages of North America)
978:(Langhian age of Serbia)
6405:(hornbills and hoopoes)
6320:(falcons and relatives)
4029:Paleontological Journal
3875:10.1126/science.1157704
3465:. Bruce Coleman Books.
3461:Ogilvie, M. A. (2002).
3419:Mace, Alice E. (1986).
3027:Quoy & Gaimard 1824
3019:Quoy & Gaimard 1824
2758:(Eurasian horned grebe)
2579:Tachybaptus rufolavatus
2430:(Mindanao little grebe)
2403:(European little grebe)
2379:Storer & Getty 1985
476:data. Many species are
6389:(trogons and quetzals)
6201:(cranes and relatives)
5471:(emus and cassowaries)
5361:Glossary of bird terms
5173:Confuciusornithiformes
4505:Konter, André (2001):
4316:Bochenski, Z. (1994).
3992:Paleogene Fossil Birds
3821:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523
3578:Johnsgard, P. (1987).
3503:10.2173/bow.podici1.01
3422:"Changes Through Time"
3367:
3266:
2421:(African little grebe)
2390:Tachybaptus ruficollis
2208:Recent species listing
1400:Tachybaptus ruficollis
827:
761:
620:
603:Anatomy and physiology
574:Tachybaptus ruficollis
533:
527:
518:
501:
495:
21:Grebe (disambiguation)
6753:Paleobiology Database
6230:(kagu and sunbittern)
6193:(gulls and relatives)
5198:Songlingornithiformes
5163:Omnivoropterygiformes
3989:Mayr, Gerald (2009).
3940:Mayr, Gerald (2006).
3358:
3258:
3215:. The aforementioned
2955:Podiceps taczanowskii
2528:Tachybaptus pelzelnii
2473:T. n. novaehollandiae
2412:(Indian little grebe)
2363:(Mexican least grebe)
2332:Tachybaptus dominicus
1352:Tachybaptus dominicus
1190:Podilymbus majusculus
997:Pliolymbus baryosteus
937:ages of East Siberia)
818:
780:caused by the strong
755:
610:
589:Tachybaptus dominicus
541:Field characteristics
6052:Phoenicopteriformes
4832:(or Slavonian grebe)
4596:Grebes Walk on Water
4541:Sibley, Charles Gald
4478:Hume, J. P. (2017).
3642:Fjeldså, J. (2004).
3184:Aechmophorus clarkii
3109:P. taczanowskii
3093:Podiceps nigricollis
3004:Rollandia microptera
2923:Podiceps occipitalis
2891:Podiceps nigricollis
2842:(gray-cheeked grebe)
2743:or Slavonian grebe,
2708:A. c. transitionalis
2692:Aechmophorus clarkii
2540:Tachybaptus tricolor
2372:(short-billed grebe)
2367:T. d. brachyrhynchus
1991:Podiceps occipitalis
1974:Podiceps nigricollis
1114:Podiceps oligoceanus
1038:Podiceps csarnotanus
923:Miobaptus huzhiricus
894:Aechmophorus elasson
859:, around 23–25
778:convergent evolution
712:Grebes have unusual
445:, which includes 22
6023:Mesitornithiformes
6017:(doves and pigeons)
5351:Families and orders
5213:Ichthyornithiformes
5188:Patagopterygiformes
4825:Great crested grebe
4567:Tree of Life Grebes
4526:Grebes of the World
4414:2013Palgy..56.1171K
4360:2013Palgy..56.1149K
4087:2000AnPal..86..129S
4041:2015PalJ...49..521Z
3867:2008Sci...320.1763H
3861:(5884): 1763–1768.
3739:1935JOrni..83..115S
3463:Grebes of the World
3427:The Birds Around Us
3364:T. rufolavatus
3164:Podilymbus podiceps
3133:marine environments
3097:great crested grebe
2772:Great crested grebe
2439:(Iraq little grebe)
2345:(West Indian grebe)
2250:Podilymbus podiceps
1202:Podilymbus wetmorei
1098:Podiceps miocenicus
1003:(Piacenzian to the
675:great crested grebe
128:Great crested grebe
6365:(eagles and hawks)
6265:Procellariiformes
6170:Opisthocomiformes
6139:Steatornithiformes
5366:List by population
5203:Hongshanornithidae
5128:Evolution of birds
4836:Black-necked grebe
4795:Hoary-headed grebe
4770:White-tufted grebe
4710:Australasian grebe
4600:Oregon Field Guide
4572:2013-06-25 at the
4422:10.1111/pala.12068
4368:10.1111/pala.12040
3747:10.1007/BF01908745
3550:10.1007/BF00339264
3495:Birds of the World
3368:
3291:and the nymphs of
3267:
3012:White-tufted grebe
2887:Black-necked grebe
2829:Podiceps grisegena
2817:Podiceps gallardoi
2776:Podiceps cristatus
2670:A. o. occidentalis
2611:Hoary-headed grebe
2514:T. n. rennellianus
2506:T. n. leucosternos
2462:Australasian grebe
2451:T. r. philippensis
2358:T. d. brachypterus
2072:Podiceps grisegena
2055:Podiceps cristatus
1166:Podiceps subparvus
828:
762:
679:Podiceps cristatus
621:
617:Podiceps grisegena
468:, as supported by
132:Podiceps cristatus
6781:
6780:
6740:Open Tree of Life
6527:Taxon identifiers
6518:
6517:
6458:
6457:
6454:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6446:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6251:(loons or divers)
6220:Phaethontiformes
6212:Phaethontimorphae
6162:Opisthocomiformes
6131:Caprimulgiformes
6071:
6070:
6060:Podicipediformes
5979:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5697:
5696:
5480:
5479:
5437:Struthioniformes
5305:Waterfowl hunting
5238:Gastornithiformes
5233:Aepyornithiformes
5223:Lithornithiformes
4895:
4894:
4800:New Zealand grebe
4745:Pied-billed grebe
4578:openclipart.org:
4556:
4537:
4518:
4446:978-84-16728-41-1
4219:978-0-9522886-5-7
4002:978-3-540-89628-9
3617:978-1-85391-186-6
3440:978-0-89721-068-3
3160:pied-billed grebe
3101:P. cristatus
3055:
3054:
3046:
3037:
3028:
3020:
3016:Rollandia rolland
3008:
2972:
2959:
2944:
2935:
2931:P. o. occipitalis
2927:
2912:
2903:
2899:P. n. nigricollis
2895:
2881:
2873:
2865:
2851:(Holbøll's grebe)
2850:
2841:
2833:
2821:
2806:
2797:
2788:
2780:
2766:
2757:
2749:
2712:
2704:
2696:
2682:
2678:A. o. ephemeralis
2674:
2666:
2631:
2623:New Zealand grebe
2619:
2583:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2532:
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2477:
2469:
2455:
2454:(Bonnaterre 1790)
2447:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2394:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2344:
2336:
2296:
2280:
2271:
2267:P. p. antarcticus
2262:
2254:
2246:Pied-billed grebe
2204:
2203:
2196:
2195:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2159:
2151:
2150:
2142:
2141:
2133:
2132:
2083:
2082:
2002:
2001:
1938:
1937:
1881:
1880:
1872:
1871:
1780:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1762:
1761:
1753:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1653:
1652:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1547:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1464:
1463:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1427:
1232:
1221:
1207:
1195:
1184:
1171:
1159:
1147:
1132:(Gelasian to the
1131:
1119:
1103:
1087:
1082:Podiceps howardae
1067:
1055:
1043:
1031:
1020:
1002:
991:
977:
972:Miodytes serbicus
966:
948:
943:Miobaptus walteri
928:
917:
899:
888:
322:
321:
248:
231:
6821:
6799:Podicipediformes
6774:
6773:
6761:
6760:
6748:
6747:
6735:
6734:
6725:
6724:
6712:
6711:
6709:NBNSYS0000160755
6699:
6698:
6686:
6685:
6673:
6672:
6660:
6659:
6647:
6646:
6634:
6633:
6621:
6620:
6608:
6607:
6595:
6594:
6582:
6581:
6569:
6568:
6567:
6554:
6553:
6552:
6522:
6521:
6506:
6505:
6494:
6482:
6481:
6470:
6469:
6422:
6414:
6406:
6398:
6395:Leptosomiformes
6390:
6382:
6374:
6366:
6363:Accipitriformes
6358:
6337:
6336:(perching birds)
6329:
6321:
6313:
6292:
6284:
6276:
6268:
6260:
6257:Sphenisciformes
6252:
6231:
6223:
6202:
6194:
6191:Charadriiformes
6173:
6152:
6134:
6113:
6105:
6102:Musophagiformes
6097:
6082:
6081:
6063:
6055:
6034:
6026:
6018:
6003:
6002:
5994:
5993:
5985:
5984:
5958:
5945:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5712:
5625:
5618:
5582:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5556:
5555:
5552:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5486:
5485:
5472:
5464:
5456:
5448:
5440:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5273:Bird collections
5228:Dinornithiformes
5133:Darwin's finches
5123:Origin of flight
5063:Seabird breeding
5053:Sexual selection
4922:
4915:
4908:
4899:
4898:
4838:(or eared grebe)
4820:Red-necked grebe
4715:Madagascar grebe
4705:Tricolored grebe
4665:: Podicipedidae)
4648:
4641:
4634:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4618:
4609:
4548:
4529:
4522:Ogilvie, Malcolm
4510:
4494:
4493:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4460:
4451:
4450:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4354:(5): 1149–1169.
4339:
4330:
4329:
4313:
4304:
4303:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4252:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4137:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4070:
4061:
4060:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3969:
3946:
3937:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3832:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3667:Simmons (1956).
3664:
3658:
3657:
3639:
3622:
3621:
3603:
3594:
3593:
3575:
3562:
3561:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3486:
3477:
3476:
3458:
3445:
3444:
3424:
3416:
3329:of the families
3301:Echinostomatidae
3277:are a family of
3259:The leech genus
3175:
3155:
3117:Podilymbus gigas
3044:
3035:
3026:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2984:
2970:
2968:Podiceps andinus
2957:
2942:
2940:P. o. juninensis
2933:
2925:
2910:
2901:
2893:
2889:or eared grebe,
2879:
2871:
2863:
2848:
2839:
2831:
2825:Red-necked grebe
2819:
2804:
2802:P. c. infuscatus
2795:
2786:
2778:
2764:
2755:
2747:
2745:Podiceps auritus
2735:
2725:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2680:
2672:
2664:
2652:
2642:
2629:
2617:
2605:
2595:
2581:
2566:
2564:T. t. vulcanorum
2558:
2550:
2542:
2536:Tricolored grebe
2530:
2524:Madagascar grebe
2516:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2475:
2467:
2453:
2446:(Reichenow 1902)
2445:
2437:(Ticehurst 1923)
2436:
2434:T. r. iraquensis
2427:
2419:(Salvadori 1884)
2418:
2409:
2400:
2398:T. r. ruficollis
2392:
2378:
2376:T. d. eisenmanni
2369:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2334:
2322:
2321:Reichenbach 1853
2312:
2294:
2292:Podilymbus gigas
2278:
2276:P. p. antillarum
2269:
2260:
2252:
2240:
2230:
2212:
2211:
2097:
2096:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2024:Podiceps auritus
2016:
2015:
1966:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1902:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1836:
1835:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1691:
1690:
1667:
1666:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1586:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1502:
1501:
1478:
1477:
1392:
1391:
1368:
1367:
1344:
1343:
1320:
1319:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1274:Bochenski (1994)
1269:
1230:
1227:Thiornis sociata
1219:
1205:
1193:
1182:
1169:
1157:
1154:Podiceps solidus
1145:
1142:Podiceps pisanus
1130:(Shufeldt, 1913)
1129:
1118:(Shufeldt, 1915)
1117:
1101:
1085:
1065:
1053:
1050:Podiceps discors
1041:
1029:
1018:
1000:
989:
975:
964:
946:
926:
915:
897:
886:
826:, an early grebe
722:uropygial glands
702:
690:
670:
613:red-necked grebe
611:A skeleton of a
565:
553:
536:
530:
521:
504:
498:
472:, molecular and
433:habitats during
424:
423:
420:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
361:Podicipediformes
355:
354:
351:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
243:
226:
223:Podicipediformes
148:
147:
122:
112:
49:
34:Temporal range:
28:
27:
6829:
6828:
6824:
6823:
6822:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6784:
6783:
6782:
6777:
6769:
6764:
6756:
6751:
6743:
6738:
6730:
6728:
6720:
6715:
6707:
6702:
6694:
6689:
6681:
6676:
6668:
6663:
6655:
6650:
6642:
6637:
6629:
6624:
6616:
6611:
6603:
6598:
6590:
6585:
6577:
6572:
6563:
6562:
6557:
6548:
6547:
6542:
6529:
6519:
6514:
6426:
6420:
6412:
6404:
6403:Bucerotiformes
6397:(cuckoo-roller)
6396:
6388:
6380:
6372:
6364:
6356:
6355:Cathartiformes
6341:
6335:
6327:
6326:Psittaciformes
6319:
6311:
6296:
6290:
6289:Pelecaniformes
6282:
6274:
6266:
6258:
6250:
6235:
6229:
6228:Eurypygiformes
6221:
6206:
6200:
6192:
6177:
6171:
6156:
6150:
6132:
6117:
6111:
6103:
6095:
6067:
6061:
6053:
6038:
6032:
6031:Pterocliformes
6024:
6016:
5967:
5956:
5943:
5928:
5852:
5811:
5749:
5714:
5713:
5706:
5705:
5693:
5673:
5646:
5623:
5616:
5576:
5575:
5563:
5562:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5476:
5470:
5469:Casuariiformes
5462:
5461:Apterygiformes
5454:
5446:
5438:
5415:
5400:
5371:Lists by region
5339:
5249:
5242:
5183:Chaoyangiformes
5168:Jeholornithidae
5142:
5106:Origin of birds
5092:
5073:Brood parasites
5019:
4949:
4936:
4926:
4896:
4891:
4866:
4842:Colombian grebe
4804:
4779:
4754:
4729:
4684:
4666:
4652:
4604:
4580:Grebes clip-art
4574:Wayback Machine
4563:
4502:
4500:Further reading
4497:
4490:
4476:
4472:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4433:
4429:
4398:
4394:
4385:
4383:
4340:
4333:
4314:
4307:
4288:
4284:
4269:10.2307/1366369
4253:
4246:
4237:
4235:
4220:
4202:
4198:
4173:
4169:
4154:10.2307/1366317
4138:
4131:
4106:
4102:
4071:
4064:
4025:
4021:
4012:
4010:
4003:
3987:
3983:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3944:
3938:
3931:
3902:
3898:
3850:
3846:
3809:Biology Letters
3801:
3797:
3766:
3762:
3699:
3695:
3686:
3684:
3665:
3661:
3654:
3640:
3625:
3618:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3576:
3565:
3534:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3459:
3448:
3441:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3397:
3381:Colombian grebe
3353:
3305:Hymenolepididae
3271:parasitic worms
3269:249 species of
3253:
3226:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3176:
3168:
3167:
3156:
3145:
3143:Feeding ecology
3065:
3060:
3058:Natural history
3042:R. r. morrisoni
3033:R. r. chilensis
2993:Bonaparte, 1856
2992:
2964:Colombian grebe
2872:(Boddaert 1783)
2846:P. g. holbollii
2840:(Boddaert 1783)
2837:P. g. grisegena
2832:(Boddaert 1783)
2793:P. c. australis
2787:(Linnaeus 1758)
2784:P. c. cristatus
2779:(Linnaeus 1758)
2756:(Linnaeus 1758)
2748:(Linnaeus 1758)
2733:
2703:(Lawrence 1858)
2695:(Lawrence 1858)
2673:(Lawrence 1858)
2665:(Lawrence 1858)
2650:
2603:
2582:(Delacour 1932)
2531:(Hartlaub 1861)
2498:T. n. javanicus
2476:(Stephens 1826)
2468:(Stephens 1826)
2410:(Blanford 1877)
2407:T. r. albescens
2343:(Linnaeus 1766)
2340:T. d. dominicus
2335:(Linnaeus 1766)
2320:
2261:(Linnaeus 1758)
2253:(Linnaeus 1758)
2238:
2221:Living species
2210:
2205:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2084:
2003:
1939:
1882:
1873:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1654:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1465:
1456:
1447:
1438:
1429:
1259:
1245:Podiceps parvus
1126:Podiceps parvus
1108:age of Moldova)
1026:Podiceps arndti
813:
750:
710:
709:
708:
707:
706:
703:
695:
694:
691:
683:
682:
671:
660:
640:carpometacarpus
633:tarsometatarsus
627:The leg bones (
605:
581:
580:
579:
578:
577:
566:
558:
557:
554:
543:
491:
474:paleontological
368:
364:
332:
328:
265:
242:
225:
142:
113:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
44:
43:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6827:
6817:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6804:Diving animals
6801:
6796:
6779:
6778:
6776:
6775:
6762:
6749:
6736:
6726:
6713:
6700:
6687:
6674:
6661:
6648:
6635:
6622:
6609:
6596:
6583:
6570:
6555:
6539:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6500:
6488:
6476:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6432:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6424:
6416:
6411:Coraciiformes
6408:
6400:
6392:
6387:Trogoniformes
6384:
6376:
6368:
6360:
6351:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6339:
6334:Passeriformes
6331:
6323:
6318:Falconiformes
6315:
6310:Cariamiformes
6306:
6304:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6286:
6278:
6273:Ciconiiformes
6270:
6262:
6254:
6245:
6243:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6225:
6216:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6196:
6187:
6185:
6183:Cursorimorphae
6179:
6178:
6176:
6175:
6166:
6164:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6154:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6127:
6125:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6115:
6107:
6099:
6090:
6088:
6079:
6073:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6065:
6057:
6048:
6046:
6044:Mirandornithes
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6028:
6020:
6015:Columbiformes
6011:
6009:
6007:Columbimorphae
6000:
5991:
5981:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5960:
5952:
5947:
5942:Meleagridinae
5938:
5936:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5877:
5870:
5862:
5860:
5858:Odontophoridae
5854:
5853:
5851:
5850:
5843:
5836:
5829:
5821:
5819:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5802:
5795:
5788:
5781:
5774:
5767:
5759:
5757:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5731:
5729:
5720:
5699:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5683:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5664:
5656:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5637:Stictonettinae
5634:
5632:Dendrocygninae
5629:
5628:
5627:
5620:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5585:
5583:
5566:
5553:
5510:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5466:
5458:
5450:
5442:
5433:
5431:
5417:
5416:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5385:Notable birds
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5335:Egg collecting
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5254:
5252:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5218:Hesperornithes
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5193:Ambiortiformes
5190:
5185:
5180:
5178:Enantiornithes
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5152:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5102:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4925:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4902:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4878:
4876:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4833:
4827:
4822:
4816:
4814:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4791:
4789:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4775:Titicaca grebe
4772:
4766:
4764:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4741:
4739:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4696:
4694:
4686:
4685:
4678:
4676:
4668:
4667:
4651:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4602:
4593:
4591:Paul Johnsgard
4582:
4576:
4562:
4561:External links
4559:
4558:
4557:
4538:
4519:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4489:978-1472937445
4488:
4470:
4452:
4445:
4427:
4392:
4331:
4305:
4282:
4244:
4218:
4196:
4167:
4148:(3): 277–288.
4129:
4100:
4081:(2): 129–139.
4062:
4035:(5): 521–529.
4019:
4001:
3981:
3929:
3916:(2): 157–169.
3896:
3844:
3815:(4): 543–547.
3795:
3776:(1): 140–151.
3760:
3733:(1): 115–128.
3693:
3659:
3653:978-0198500643
3652:
3623:
3616:
3595:
3588:
3563:
3544:(3): 410–418.
3528:
3478:
3472:978-1872842035
3471:
3446:
3439:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3396:
3393:
3352:
3349:
3297:Dioecocestidae
3252:
3249:
3225:
3222:
3177:
3170:
3169:
3157:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3123:habitats like
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3039:
3030:
3009:
3000:Titicaca grebe
2995:
2985:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2973:(extinct 1977)
2960:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2937:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2911:(Roberts 1919)
2905:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2874:
2861:Podiceps major
2854:
2853:
2852:
2849:Reinhardt 1853
2843:
2822:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2805:Salvadori 1884
2799:
2790:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2762:P. a. cornutus
2759:
2736:
2726:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2711:Dickerman 1986
2705:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2681:Dickerman 1986
2675:
2653:
2643:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2620:
2606:
2596:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2584:(extinct 2010)
2571:
2570:
2569:
2561:
2556:T. t. collaris
2553:
2548:T. t. tricolor
2533:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2511:
2503:
2495:
2487:
2479:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2448:
2440:
2431:
2425:T. r. cotabato
2422:
2416:T. r. capensis
2413:
2404:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2373:
2370:(Chapman 1899)
2364:
2361:(Chapman 1899)
2355:
2354:(Bangs' grebe)
2346:
2323:
2313:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2273:
2264:
2258:P. p. podiceps
2241:
2231:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2105:Podiceps major
2100:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1694:
1689:
1687:
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1683:
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1670:
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1650:
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1637:
1634:
1633:
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1629:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1574:
1571:Fjeldså (2004)
1567:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1481:
1476:
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1471:
1470:
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1412:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1277:
1267:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1197:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1161:
1158:Kuročkin, 1985
1149:
1146:(Portis, 1888)
1137:
1121:
1109:
1093:
1077:
1066:Brodkorp, 1963
1057:
1045:
1033:
1030:Chandler, 1990
1010:
1009:
1008:
981:
980:
979:
956:
955:
954:
953:age of Europe)
938:
927:Zelenkov, 2015
907:
906:
905:
812:
809:
801:Mirandornithes
749:
746:
704:
697:
696:
692:
685:
684:
672:
665:
664:
663:
662:
661:
659:
656:
604:
601:
597:Podiceps major
567:
560:
559:
555:
548:
547:
546:
545:
544:
542:
539:
507:Thomas Pennant
490:
487:
449:in six extant
320:
319:
318:
317:
309:
301:
293:
285:
280:
272:
271:
267:
266:
257:
256:
250:
249:
237:
233:
232:
220:
216:
215:
213:Mirandornithes
210:
203:
202:
197:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
136:
135:
124:
123:
115:
114:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
33:
16:Order of birds
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6826:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6794:Podicipedidae
6792:
6791:
6789:
6772:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6754:
6750:
6746:
6741:
6737:
6733:
6727:
6723:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6679:
6675:
6671:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6653:
6649:
6645:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6627:
6623:
6619:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6592:Podicipedidae
6588:
6584:
6580:
6579:Podicipedidae
6575:
6571:
6566:
6565:Podicipedidae
6560:
6556:
6551:
6545:
6541:
6540:
6538:
6536:
6535:Podicipedidae
6532:
6528:
6523:
6511:
6510:
6501:
6499:
6498:
6493:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6477:
6475:
6474:
6465:
6464:
6461:
6423:
6417:
6415:
6409:
6407:
6401:
6399:
6393:
6391:
6385:
6383:
6377:
6375:
6371:Strigiformes
6369:
6367:
6361:
6359:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6348:
6344:
6338:
6332:
6330:
6324:
6322:
6316:
6314:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6299:
6293:
6287:
6285:
6279:
6277:
6271:
6269:
6263:
6261:
6255:
6253:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6242:
6238:
6232:
6226:
6224:
6222:(tropicbirds)
6218:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6203:
6197:
6195:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6174:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6153:
6147:
6145:
6144:Podargiformes
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6120:
6114:
6108:
6106:
6100:
6098:
6094:Cuculiformes
6092:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6074:
6064:
6058:
6056:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6035:
6029:
6027:
6021:
6019:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6008:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5940:
5939:
5937:
5935:
5931:
5925:
5924:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5855:
5849:
5848:
5844:
5842:
5841:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5792:Macrocephalon
5789:
5787:
5786:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5775:
5773:
5772:
5768:
5766:
5765:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5721:
5717:
5710:
5704:
5700:
5690:
5689:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5679:Anseranatidae
5676:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5649:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5626:
5621:
5619:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5580:
5574:
5570:
5567:
5561:
5557:
5554:
5550:
5544:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5487:
5483:
5473:
5467:
5465:
5459:
5457:
5453:Tinamiformes
5451:
5449:
5443:
5441:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5429:Palaeognathae
5426:
5422:
5418:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5315:Pigeon racing
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5245:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5157:Archaeopteryx
5154:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4939:
4934:
4930:
4923:
4918:
4916:
4911:
4909:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4888:
4887:Clark's grebe
4885:
4883:
4882:Western grebe
4880:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4852:Silvery grebe
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4786:Poliocephalus
4782:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4751:
4750:Atitlán grebe
4748:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4720:Alaotra grebe
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4649:
4644:
4642:
4637:
4635:
4630:
4629:
4626:
4617:
4615:
4608:
4607:"Grebe"
4603:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4555:
4554:0-300-04969-2
4551:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4535:1-872842-03-8
4532:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4516:84-87334-33-4
4513:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4491:
4485:
4481:
4474:
4466:
4459:
4457:
4448:
4442:
4438:
4431:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4396:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4338:
4336:
4328:(1): 191–346.
4327:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4310:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4286:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4251:
4249:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4200:
4191:
4190:2027.42/48486
4186:
4182:
4178:
4171:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4136:
4134:
4124:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4104:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4069:
4067:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4023:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3985:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3934:
3924:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3900:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3799:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3764:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3729:(in German).
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3697:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3655:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3619:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3600:
3591:
3589:9780803225664
3585:
3581:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3540:(in German).
3539:
3532:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3485:
3483:
3474:
3468:
3464:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3442:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3377:Atitlán grebe
3374:
3373:Alaotra grebe
3365:
3361:
3360:Alaotra grebe
3357:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3331:Rhinonyssidae
3328:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3314:of the clade
3313:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3264:
3263:
3257:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3185:
3181:
3180:Clark's grebe
3174:
3165:
3161:
3154:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3113:Atitlán grebe
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3077:Arctic Circle
3074:
3070:
3043:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3025:
3024:R. r. rolland
3022:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2941:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2919:Silvery grebe
2917:
2909:
2908:P. n. gurneyi
2906:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2847:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2803:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2765:(Gmelin 1789)
2763:
2760:
2754:
2753:P. a. auritus
2751:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2709:
2706:
2701:
2700:A. c. clarkii
2698:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2688:Clark's grebe
2686:
2679:
2676:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2658:Western grebe
2656:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2600:Poliocephalus
2597:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2580:
2576:
2575:Alaotra grebe
2572:
2567:(Rensch 1929)
2565:
2562:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2515:
2512:
2507:
2504:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2482:T. n. fumosus
2480:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2401:(Pallas 1764)
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:(Pallas 1764)
2391:
2387:
2384:
2377:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2300:
2293:
2289:
2288:Atitlán grebe
2285:
2277:
2274:
2270:(Lesson 1842)
2268:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2200:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2174:
2173:
2165:
2164:
2156:
2155:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1877:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1861:Poliocephalus
1855:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1799:Podicipedidae
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1758:
1757:
1749:
1748:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1675:Poliocephalus
1669:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1587:
1581:
1580:Podicipedidae
1578:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1560:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1542:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1328:Poliocephalus
1322:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1283:Podicipedidae
1281:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1107:
1102:Kessler, 1984
1100:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1063:
1062:Podiceps dixi
1058:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1042:Kessler, 2009
1040:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
999:
998:
993:
992:
988:
987:
982:
974:
973:
968:
967:
963:
962:
957:
952:
945:
944:
939:
936:
932:
925:
924:
919:
918:
914:
913:
908:
903:
896:
895:
890:
889:
885:
884:
879:
878:
877:
874:
873:
868:
867:
862:
858:
854:
849:
846:
842:
841:
837:
833:
832:fossil record
825:
823:
817:
811:Fossil record
808:
806:
802:
799:
795:
791:
786:
783:
779:
775:
774:Colymbiformes
771:
767:
759:
754:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
717:
715:
701:
689:
680:
676:
669:
655:
652:
649:
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
625:
618:
614:
609:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
575:
571:
564:
552:
538:
535:
529:
525:
520:
515:
514:
508:
503:
497:
486:
484:
479:
475:
471:
470:morphological
467:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
444:
443:Podicipedidae
440:
436:
432:
428:
422:
362:
359:
353:
326:
316:
315:
310:
308:
307:
302:
300:
299:
294:
292:
291:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
273:
268:
264:
263:
258:
255:
251:
246:
241:
240:Podicipedidae
238:
235:
234:
229:
224:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
146:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
116:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
48:
45:23.03–0
41:
37:
36:Early Miocene
29:
26:
22:
6534:
6507:
6495:
6483:
6471:
6381:(mousebirds)
6379:Coliiformes
6249:Gaviiformes
6241:Aequornithes
6149:Apodiformes
6110:Otidiformes
6086:Otidimorphae
6059:
6033:(sandgrouse)
5955:Phasianinae
5921:
5914:
5907:
5902:Odontophorus
5900:
5893:
5886:
5879:
5872:
5865:
5845:
5838:
5831:
5824:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5740:Oreophasinae
5686:
5666:
5659:
5564:(waterfowls)
5560:Anseriformes
5310:Cockfighting
5295:Conservation
5290:Bird feeding
5278:Birdwatching
5268:Ornithomancy
5208:Gansuiformes
5155:
5148:Fossil birds
5038:Intelligence
4873:Aechmophorus
4871:
4862:Hooded grebe
4830:Horned grebe
4809:
4784:
4759:
4734:
4700:Little grebe
4689:
4679:
4671:
4654:
4613:
4584:
4544:
4525:
4506:
4479:
4473:
4467:(188): 1–99.
4464:
4436:
4430:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4384:. Retrieved
4351:
4347:
4325:
4321:
4299:
4295:
4285:
4263:(1): 24–27.
4260:
4256:
4236:. Retrieved
4209:
4199:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4145:
4141:
4116:(1): 1–127.
4113:
4109:
4103:
4078:
4074:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4011:. Retrieved
3995:. Springer.
3991:
3984:
3972:. Retrieved
3952:
3948:
3913:
3909:
3899:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3685:. Retrieved
3676:
3672:
3662:
3643:
3607:
3579:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3519:. Retrieved
3494:
3462:
3426:
3414:
3389:hooded grebe
3369:
3363:
3351:Conservation
3342:
3319:
3309:
3279:cyclophyllid
3268:
3260:
3251:Parasitology
3243:
3239:
3237:
3229:
3227:
3217:Aechmophorus
3216:
3206:
3200:
3196:Aechmophorus
3194:
3192:
3183:
3163:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3066:
3045:Simmons 1962
3041:
3032:
3023:
3015:
3003:
2987:
2967:
2954:
2939:
2930:
2922:
2907:
2898:
2890:
2877:P. m. navasi
2876:
2868:
2860:
2845:
2836:
2828:
2820:Rumboll 1974
2816:
2813:Hooded grebe
2801:
2792:
2783:
2775:
2761:
2752:
2744:
2741:Horned grebe
2728:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2647:Aechmophorus
2645:
2626:
2614:
2598:
2578:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2539:
2527:
2513:
2505:
2497:
2490:T. n. incola
2489:
2481:
2472:
2464:
2450:
2443:T. r. poggei
2442:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2389:
2386:Little grebe
2375:
2366:
2357:
2349:T. d. bangsi
2348:
2339:
2331:
2315:
2295:Griscom 1929
2291:
2275:
2266:
2257:
2249:
2233:
2198:
2122:Aechmophorus
2120:
2119:
2103:
2102:
2070:
2069:
2053:
2052:
2022:
2021:
1989:
1988:
1972:
1971:
1925:
1924:
1908:
1907:
1859:
1858:
1842:
1841:
1818:
1817:
1798:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1731:
1730:
1716:Aechmophorus
1714:
1713:
1699:Podicephorus
1697:
1696:
1673:
1672:
1640:
1639:
1623:
1622:
1592:
1591:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1527:Aechmophorus
1525:
1524:
1510:Podicephorus
1508:
1507:
1484:
1483:
1415:
1414:
1398:
1397:
1374:
1373:
1350:
1349:
1326:
1325:
1302:
1301:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1244:
1238:
1225:
1214:
1200:
1188:
1177:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1124:
1112:
1096:
1086:Storer, 2001
1080:
1060:
1054:Murray, 1967
1048:
1036:
1024:
1013:
1001:Murray, 1967
995:
990:Murray, 1967
984:
970:
959:
941:
921:
910:
898:Murray, 1967
892:
883:Aechmophorus
881:
870:
864:
850:
845:Palaelodidae
838:
829:
820:
787:
763:
741:
718:
711:
678:
653:
637:
626:
622:
616:
596:
588:
582:
573:
570:little grebe
511:
492:
455:
442:
360:
324:
323:
312:
304:
296:
288:
283:Podicipedini
260:
239:
222:
206:
193:
131:
25:
6665:iNaturalist
6559:Wikispecies
6509:WikiProject
6419:Piciformes
6302:Australaves
6281:Suliformes
6199:Gruiformes
6054:(flamingos)
5963:Tetraoninae
5934:Phasianidae
5923:Rhynchortyx
5888:Dactylortyx
5755:Megapodidae
5745:Penelopinae
5703:Galliformes
5445:Rheiformes
5439:(ostriches)
5389:individuals
5263:Ornithology
5250:interaction
5005:Preen gland
4857:Junin grebe
4847:Great grebe
4725:Least grebe
4691:Tachybaptus
4408:(5): 1171.
3719:Hesperornis
3707:Hesperornis
3679:: 432–435.
3521:21 December
3385:Junin grebe
3335:Ereynetidae
3244:Podilymbus,
3240:Tachybaptus
3202:Tachybaptus
3105:Junin grebe
3089:eared grebe
3085:New Zealand
3036:Lesson 1828
2951:Junín grebe
2934:Garnot 1826
2926:Garnot 1826
2880:Manghi 1984
2869:P. m. major
2857:Great grebe
2734:Latham 1787
2651:Coues, 1862
2630:(Gray 1843)
2604:Selby, 1840
2559:(Mayr 1945)
2551:(Gray 1861)
2543:(Gray 1861)
2517:(Mayr 1943)
2509:(Mayr 1931)
2501:(Mayr 1943)
2493:(Mayr 1943)
2485:(Mayr 1943)
2428:(Rand 1948)
2328:Least grebe
2317:Tachybaptus
2239:Lesson 1831
1844:Tachybaptus
1625:Tachybaptus
1231:Navás, 1922
1220:Navás, 1922
1206:Storer 1976
1194:Murray 1967
1183:Lesson 1831
1019:Latham 1787
931:Burdigalian
887:Coues, 1862
840:Juncitarsus
805:apomorphies
748:Systematics
593:great grebe
585:least grebe
278:Podilymbini
6788:Categories
6259:(penguins)
6112:(bustards)
5950:Perdicinae
5895:Dendrortyx
5867:Callipepla
5799:Megapodius
5764:Aepypodius
5642:Tadorninae
5624:true geese
5455:(tinamous)
5414:Neornithes
5325:Pheasantry
5300:Aviculture
5068:Incubation
5058:Lek mating
4736:Podilymbus
4386:2023-01-02
4257:The Condor
4238:2022-10-23
4228:1231997761
4142:The Condor
4013:2022-12-21
3974:10 January
3687:2013-02-22
3644:The Grebes
3407:References
3379:, and the
3344:Theromyzon
3339:Analgoidea
3321:Aquanirmus
3316:Ischnocera
3275:amabiliids
3262:Theromyzon
3213:piscivores
3208:Podilymbus
3121:freshwater
3081:Madagascar
3073:Antarctica
3069:waterbirds
3007:Gould 1868
2902:Brehm 1831
2894:Brehm 1831
2796:Gould 1844
2279:Bangs 1913
2235:Podilymbus
1927:Podilymbus
1642:Podilymbus
1304:Podilymbus
1179:Podilymbus
986:Pliolymbus
951:Aquitanian
947:Švec, 1982
916:Švec, 1982
902:Piacenzian
872:Pliolymbus
478:monogamous
427:freshwater
306:Pliolymbus
270:Subclades
254:Type genus
228:Fürbringer
6328:(parrots)
6172:(hoatzin)
6123:Strisores
6104:(turacos)
6096:(cuckoos)
6025:(mesites)
5944:(turkeys)
5916:Philortyx
5833:Agelastes
5826:Acryllium
5817:Numididae
5806:Talegalla
5716:gamebirds
5709:landfowls
5688:Anseranas
5652:Anhimidae
5611:Anserinae
5394:fictional
5116:dinosaurs
5111:Theropoda
5098:Evolution
5043:Migration
5025:Behaviour
4761:Rollandia
4057:130057204
3961:1098-660X
3955:: 59–64.
3673:Br. Birds
3511:240888948
3137:New World
2989:Rollandia
1910:Rollandia
1820:Dominicus
1594:Rollandia
1417:Rollandia
1257:Phylogeny
1134:Calabrian
1106:Tortonian
1074:Tarantian
1070:Chibanian
912:Miobaptus
855:or Early
853:Oligocene
790:flamingos
782:selective
758:flamingos
644:phalanges
489:Etymology
466:flamingos
435:migration
290:Miobaptus
245:Bonaparte
163:Kingdom:
157:Eukaryota
6544:Wikidata
6473:Category
6347:Afroaves
6275:(storks)
6077:Passerea
6062:(grebes)
5998:Columbea
5909:Oreortyx
5881:Cyrtonyx
5771:Alectura
5735:Cracinae
5727:Cracidae
5604:Oxyurini
5594:Aythyini
5589:Anatinae
5573:Anatidae
5320:Falconry
5283:big year
5138:Seabirds
5048:Foraging
4995:Feathers
4811:Podiceps
4570:Archived
4380:Archived
4376:83938510
4232:Archived
4123:2246/597
4007:Archived
3965:Archived
3883:18583609
3839:17148284
3790:15022765
3755:11147804
3723:Podiceps
3715:Colymbus
3711:Podiceps
3703:Colymbus
3681:Archived
3558:31898176
3515:Archived
3395:See also
3282:cestodes
3231:Podiceps
2730:Podiceps
1733:Podiceps
1486:Podiceps
1216:Thiornis
1090:Zanclean
1015:Podiceps
1005:Gelasian
961:Miodytes
935:Langhian
866:Thiornis
822:Thiornis
742:Podiceps
738:buoyancy
726:preening
658:Feathers
513:Podiceps
483:poaching
314:Thiornis
298:Miodytes
262:Podiceps
236:Family:
177:Chordata
173:Phylum:
167:Animalia
153:Domain:
40:Holocene
6485:Commons
5989:Neoaves
5874:Colinus
5840:Guttera
5778:Eulipoa
5599:Mergini
5463:(kiwis)
5447:(rheas)
5258:Ringing
5083:Hybrids
5078:Nesting
5033:Singing
5010:Plumage
4985:Dactyly
4955:Anatomy
4945:Outline
4935:: Aves)
4681:Species
4619:. 1914.
4410:Bibcode
4356:Bibcode
4302:: 1–12.
4277:1366369
4162:1366317
4083:Bibcode
4037:Bibcode
3891:6472805
3863:Bibcode
3855:Science
3830:1834003
3735:Bibcode
3293:Odonata
3286:corixid
3129:marshes
2299:extinct
1786:Ksepka
1213:Genus †
1072:to the
983:Genus †
958:Genus †
933:to the
909:Genus †
857:Miocene
824:sociata
766:anatomy
734:ventral
714:plumage
528:podicis
447:species
219:Order:
200:Neoaves
183:Class:
6771:136995
6745:452459
6729:NZOR:
6696:174477
6683:101564
6644:1PODCF
6550:Q21695
6497:Portal
6373:(owls)
5847:Numida
5785:Leipoa
5668:Chauna
5661:Anhima
5356:Genera
5330:Imping
5248:Human
5088:Colony
5015:Vision
5000:Flight
4663:family
4655:Grebes
4616:
4552:
4533:
4514:
4486:
4443:
4374:
4275:
4226:
4216:
4160:
4055:
3999:
3959:
3889:
3881:
3837:
3827:
3788:
3753:
3650:
3614:
3586:
3556:
3509:
3469:
3437:
3375:, the
3095:) and
2199:
1790:(2013)
1788:et al.
1263:et al.
1176:Genus
1012:Genus
880:Genus
796:, the
730:pellet
451:genera
441:, the
439:family
431:marine
325:Grebes
247:, 1831
230:, 1888
31:Grebes
6766:WoRMS
6758:39552
6722:30448
6678:IRMNG
6618:627FZ
5617:swans
5579:ducks
5549:fowls
5344:Lists
4968:Brain
4933:class
4929:Birds
4673:Genus
4659:order
4372:S2CID
4273:JSTOR
4158:JSTOR
4053:S2CID
3968:(PDF)
3945:(PDF)
3887:S2CID
3751:S2CID
3554:S2CID
3507:S2CID
3327:mites
3125:lakes
2301:1989)
2218:Genus
2215:Image
836:genus
798:taxon
794:clade
770:loons
629:femur
519:podex
502:grèbe
496:grèbe
462:coots
458:loons
358:order
207:Clade
194:Clade
6717:NCBI
6691:ITIS
6670:4203
6657:9338
6652:GBIF
6639:EPPO
6631:7993
6605:1499
6600:BOLD
4990:Eggs
4978:milk
4973:Crop
4963:Beak
4550:ISBN
4531:ISBN
4512:ISBN
4484:ISBN
4441:ISBN
4224:OCLC
4214:ISBN
3997:ISBN
3976:2023
3957:ISSN
3879:PMID
3835:PMID
3786:PMID
3648:ISBN
3612:ISBN
3584:ISBN
3523:2022
3467:ISBN
3435:ISBN
3387:and
3333:and
3312:lice
3303:and
3289:bugs
3242:and
3205:and
3178:The
3158:The
3127:and
3083:and
869:and
830:The
648:ulna
631:and
524:gen.
460:and
187:Aves
53:PreꞒ
6704:NBN
6626:EoL
6613:CoL
6587:AFD
6574:ADW
4589:by
4418:doi
4364:doi
4265:doi
4185:hdl
4150:doi
4118:hdl
4091:doi
4045:doi
3918:doi
3914:140
3871:doi
3859:320
3825:PMC
3817:doi
3778:doi
3743:doi
3546:doi
3499:doi
861:mya
534:pes
453:.
409:ɔːr
6790::
6768::
6755::
6742::
6719::
6706::
6693::
6680::
6667::
6654::
6641::
6628::
6615::
6602::
6589::
6576::
6561::
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