40:
436:, which are causally independent of their social environment, subsequently influence that environment which in turn will either preserve or destroy the newly encountered variations in a form of evolutionary selection. If the great man is preserved then the environment is changed by his influence in "an entirely original and peculiar way. He acts as a ferment, and changes its constitution, just as the advent of a new zoological species changes the faunal and floral equilibrium of the region in which it appears." Each ferment, each great man, exerts a new influence on their environment which is either embraced or rejected and if embraced will in turn shape the crucible for the selection process of future geniuses.
114:
4097:
5794:
4810:
375:
279:
487:: "Contemporaries believe that if people will only mind their own business political morality will improve of itself and history will be purged of the crimes of the 'great men.' These optimists forget that the common people too are greedy and envious and when resisted tend to turn to collective violence." Burckhardt predicted that the belittling of great men would lead to a lowering of standards and rise in mediocrity generally.
332:
5958:
5804:
584:
598:
3566:
93:
attain; all things that we see standing accomplished in the world are properly the outer material result, the practical realisation and embodiment, of
Thoughts that dwelt in the Great Men sent into the world: the soul of the whole world's history, it may justly be considered, were the history of these.
92:
Universal
History, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here. They were the leaders of men, these great ones; the modellers, patterns, and in a wide sense creators, of whatsoever the general mass of men contrived to do or to
439:
In the words of
William James, "If we were to remove these geniuses or alter their idiosyncrasies, what increasing uniformities would the environment exhibit?" James challenges Mr. Spencer or anyone else to provide a reply. According to James, there are two distinct factors driving social evolution:
264:
This theory, and history, claims these great leaders as heroes that were able to rise against the odds to defeat rivals while inspiring followers along the way. Theorists say that these leaders were then born with a specific set of traits and attributes that make them ideal candidates for leadership
220:
theory, argued that "what is real is reasonable" and World-Historical individuals are World-Spirit's agents. Hegel wrote: "Such are great historical men—whose own particular aims involve those large issues which are the will of the World-Spirit." Thus, according to Hegel, a great man does not create
493:
suggests in his essay "The United States of
Lyncherdom" that "moral cowardice" is "the commanding feature of the make-up of 9,999 men in the 10,000" and that "from the beginning of the world no revolt against a public infamy or oppression has ever been begun but by the one daring man in the 10,000,
428:
are the decisive factor by introducing an original influence into their environment. They might therefore offer original ideas, discoveries, inventions and perspectives which "would not, in the mind of another individual, have engendered just that conclusion ... It flashes out of one brain, and no
404:
nature of the individual is the deciding factor in making the great man, who, in turn, is the deciding factor in changing his environment in a unique way, without which the new environment would not have come to be, wherein the extent and nature of this change is also dependent on the reception of
160:
notes, a common misinterpretation of the theory is that "all factors in history, save great men, were inconsequential", whereas
Carlyle is instead claiming that great men are the decisive factor, owing to their unique genius. Hook then goes on to emphasize this uniqueness to illustrate the point:
501:
noted that Great Men history was being challenged by newer interpretations that focused on wider social forces. While not seeking to deny that individuals could have a role or show exceptional qualities, he saw Great Men as inevitable products of productive cultures. He noted for example that if
265:
and roles of authority and power. This theory relies then heavily on born rather than made, nature rather than nurture and cultivates the idea that those in power deserve to lead and shouldn't be questioned because they have the unique traits that make them suited for the position.
355:
You must admit that the genesis of a great man depends on the long series of complex influences which has produced the race in which he appears, and the social state into which that race has slowly grown. ... Before he can remake his society, his society must make
2860:
4946:
476:
features criticism of great-man theories as a recurring theme in the philosophical digressions. According to
Tolstoy, the significance of great individuals is imaginary; as a matter of fact they are only "history's slaves," realizing the decree of Providence.
4301:
2906:
2894:
459:(written it seems for a young duke) by telling the story of a castaway on an island whose inhabitants take him for their missing king. He defends in his parable of the shipwrecked king, that the legitimacy of the greatness of
3291:
70:: highly influential and unique individuals who, due to their natural attributes, such as superior intellect, heroic courage, extraordinary leadership abilities, or divine inspiration, have a decisive historical effect. The
559:
responded by arguing that Hitler had a "negative greatness". By contrast, Kershaw rejects the Great Men theory and argues that it is more important to study wider political and social factors to explain the history of
463:
is fundamentally custom and chance. A coincidence that gives birth to him in the right place with noble parents and arbitrary custom deciding, for example, on an unequal distribution of wealth in favor of the nobles.
545:, criticizes the political bias in discussions on greatness and heroism, stating: "the new liberalism’s antipathy to superior statesmen and to human excellence is peculiarly zealous, parochial, and antiphilosophic."
351:, who believed that attributing historical events to the decisions of individuals was an unscientific position. He believed that the men Carlyle supposed "great men" are merely products of their social environment:
3533:
153:). Carlyle also argued that the study of great men was "profitable" to one's own heroic side; that by examining the lives led by such heroes, one could not help but uncover something about one's own true nature.
4296:
2882:
124:
Carlyle stated that "The
History of the world is but the Biography of great men", reflecting his belief that heroes shape history through both their personal attributes and divine inspiration. In his book
234:
writes that "the goal of humanity lies in its highest specimens". Although
Nietzsche's body of work shows some overlap with Carlyle's line of thought, Nietzsche expressly rejected Carlyle's hero cult in
165:
is not the result of compounding talent. How many battalions are the equivalent of a
Napoleon? How many minor poets will give us a Shakespeare? How many run of the mine scientists will do the work of an
5015:
555:, whose personal attributes – distinguished from his political aura and impact – were scarcely noble, elevating or enriching, posed self-evident problems for such a tradition." Some historians like
4452:
4092:
3561:
4492:
2679:
3668:
5510:
4885:
4897:
2877:
443:
He thus concludes: "Both factors are essential to change. The community stagnates without the impulse of the individual. The impulse dies away without the sympathy of the community."
177:. Woods investigated 386 rulers in Western Europe from the 12th century until the French Revolution in the late 18th century and their influence on the course of historical events.
4941:
6169:
4610:
3663:
3296:
2855:
3578:
6077:
5095:
5071:
5039:
4929:
186:(1911) which contains lengthy and detailed biographies about the great men of history, but very few general or social histories. For example, all information on the post-Roman "
5083:
4978:
3682:
3279:
5142:
2647:
4411:
2988:
129:, Carlyle saw history as having turned on the decisions, works, ideas, and characters of "heroes", giving detailed analysis of six types: The hero as divinity (such as
5324:
2843:
5370:
5137:
4555:
2177:
3303:
3193:
2901:
2693:
5352:
4075:
5147:
3260:
3111:
3094:
5644:
4210:
637:
4437:
101:", which emphasizes the life of the masses creating overwhelming waves of smaller events which carry leaders along with them. Another contrasting school is
3355:
2568:
538:
6037:
5122:
4649:
4260:
4136:
2338:
534:
84:
3701:
1069:
3646:
3718:
5638:
3926:
3706:
1353:
728:
A Century of Hero-Worship: A study of the idea of heroism in
Carlyle and Nietzsche, with notes on Wagner, Spengler, Stefan George, and D.H. Lawrence
5650:
5127:
5020:
4983:
4784:
3573:
4963:
4698:
1919:
5282:
39:
5177:
4761:
4673:
2981:
180:
The Great Man approach to history was most fashionable with professional historians in the 19th century; a popular work of this school is the
5500:
5272:
5132:
4919:
4416:
3171:
494:
the rest timidly waiting, and slowly and reluctantly joining, under the influence of that man and his fellows from the other ten thousands."
4337:
2942:
901:
5259:
4865:
4534:
4236:
3687:
3161:
182:
6092:
5861:
5444:
5112:
5066:
4705:
4002:
3254:
2705:
6053:
5061:
5056:
4751:
3421:
4953:
2684:
394:, forcefully defended Carlyle and refuted Spencer, condemning what James viewed as an "impudent", "vague", and "dogmatic" argument.
5841:
5774:
4361:
4060:
2563:
1433:
483:
affirmed the historical existence of great men in politics, even excusing the rarity among them to possess "greatness of soul", or
4615:
514:, and suspected that if neither man had lived, it would have been discovered by someone else. Among modern critics of the theory,
5515:
4990:
4497:
4332:
4146:
4070:
3658:
2759:
4512:
3528:
5414:
5100:
5088:
5076:
5044:
4958:
4934:
4902:
4890:
4591:
4573:
4524:
4178:
3466:
2769:
1752:
1108:
1087:
537:
notes the modern decline in support for Carlyle's theory in particular but also for "heroic distinction" in general. He cites
5610:
5449:
4860:
3919:
2848:
1015:
5595:
5439:
5207:
4746:
4715:
4185:
4116:
3832:
3768:
3746:
3427:
2670:
1950:
564:. Kershaw argues that Hitler was an unremarkable person, but his importance came from how people viewed him, an example of
2698:
1408:, November 5, 2006. "Do changes in science mean the traditional great-man science biography is going the way of the dodo?"
4725:
4503:
4381:
4371:
4161:
4007:
3842:
3044:
2774:
2724:
1466:
5051:
3284:
6106:
5605:
4680:
4442:
3805:
3587:
3126:
696:
4080:
6085:
5287:
4190:
4156:
4141:
3136:
2976:
2971:
2959:
2422:
980:
948:
911:
318:
296:
4244:
3227:
429:
other, because the instability of that brain is such as to tip and upset itself in just that particular direction."
6029:
6012:
5187:
4813:
4529:
4205:
4168:
4041:
3912:
2742:
2737:
2396:
17:
4366:
4312:
4173:
2732:
2573:
5871:
5807:
5229:
4272:
4254:
4087:
3778:
2747:
2600:
2130:
1748:
841:
3089:
257:
Every great leader is born already possessing certain traits that will enable them to rise and lead on instinct.
6254:
5409:
5401:
5364:
5346:
5167:
5000:
4855:
4710:
4658:
4631:
4393:
3990:
3788:
3599:
3454:
3166:
3121:
3106:
2630:
300:
2182:
6132:
5505:
5473:
5396:
5202:
4229:
4121:
3995:
3116:
3039:
2993:
1688:
409:
claims that these inherent physiological qualities have as much to do with "social, political, geographical
213:
4909:
4565:
938:
6259:
6207:
5866:
5834:
5696:
5558:
5375:
5005:
4973:
4462:
3614:
2674:
1505:
1426:
1343:
Hook, S. 1943. The Hero in History. A Study in Limitation and Possibility. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. p. 116
4322:
3374:
6239:
5767:
5600:
5466:
5358:
5336:
4539:
4507:
4457:
4265:
4215:
4106:
3847:
3609:
3485:
3479:
3460:
2665:
2494:
2377:
1924:
891:
Woods, F. A. 1913. The Influence of Monarchs: Steps in a New Science of History. New York, NY: Macmillan.
518:
is supportive of the idea; he gives credit to those who shape events through their actions, and his book
3983:
3636:
5917:
5687:
5564:
5541:
5426:
5329:
5267:
5239:
4875:
4688:
4421:
4195:
3852:
3783:
3438:
3308:
3237:
2382:
2216:
2206:
28:
4644:
3592:
3523:
3413:
6069:
5907:
5712:
5622:
4968:
3320:
2801:
2343:
2172:
1824:
62:
popularised in the 19th century according to which history can be largely explained by the impact of
3711:
1042:
6198:
6002:
5707:
4487:
4467:
4024:
3958:
3793:
3368:
2838:
2625:
2582:
2373:
2070:
923:
824:
738:
3822:
6269:
6249:
6147:
6099:
6045:
5827:
5797:
5702:
5197:
4639:
3876:
3815:
3741:
3604:
3385:
3141:
2954:
2949:
2927:
2889:
2869:
2503:
2499:
2316:
2189:
2152:
2135:
1955:
1419:
1399:
498:
289:
4014:
3978:
753:
Carlyle's Theory of the Hero: Its Sources, Development, History, and Influence on Carlyle's Work
726:
5947:
5531:
5483:
5478:
4447:
4401:
4250:
3756:
3210:
3183:
3153:
3017:
2964:
2781:
2657:
2552:
2392:
2387:
2245:
2211:
2199:
2194:
2157:
2107:
1965:
1945:
1631:
1576:
569:
102:
5010:
3265:
6244:
5655:
5546:
5526:
5391:
5341:
5234:
5224:
4914:
4880:
4789:
3800:
3538:
3433:
3360:
3232:
2635:
2352:
2306:
2301:
2250:
1914:
1895:
1711:
1606:
1357:
666:
612:
5459:
4870:
4406:
787:
6061:
5912:
5742:
5219:
4560:
4277:
3632:
3472:
3205:
3081:
3052:
2823:
2485:
2459:
2406:
2240:
2167:
2012:
1977:
1931:
1899:
1777:
1491:
691:
250:
226:
3513:
925:
The Life of J. H. W. Stuckenberg: Theologian, Philosopher, Sociologist, Friend of Humanity
440:
personal agents and the impact of their unique qualities on the overall course of events.
199:
8:
6188:
6122:
5897:
5536:
4282:
3696:
3403:
3099:
2311:
2223:
1982:
1616:
1581:
1484:
1003:
661:
617:
388:, in his 1880 lecture "Great Men, Great Thoughts, and the Environment", published in the
231:
138:
5034:
4604:
4019:
3723:
2331:
260:
The need for them has to be great for these traits to then arise, allowing them to lead.
6182:
5892:
5762:
5757:
5692:
5575:
5488:
5319:
4995:
4327:
4111:
3176:
3131:
2490:
2446:
2401:
2024:
1970:
1891:
1462:
1404:
1319:
1268:
959:
Hegel, G. W. F. . Philosophy of History, trans. J. Sibree (New York: Dover, 1956), 30.
194:. This heroic view of history was also strongly endorsed by some philosophers, such as
98:
3032:
1194:
1180:
1166:
1152:
1138:
1124:
1105:
347:
One of the most forceful critics of Carlyle's formulation of the great man theory was
5932:
5902:
5887:
5580:
5434:
5182:
4479:
3490:
3329:
2754:
2513:
2452:
2411:
2228:
2113:
2049:
1960:
1937:
1881:
1789:
1522:
1260:
1021:
1011:
976:
944:
907:
649:
603:
511:
421:
187:
113:
1352:
On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The Heroic in History, Edited by David R. Sorensen and
1084:
786:(1841). "Lecture I: The Hero as Divinity. Odin. Paganism: Scandinavian Mythology.".
6142:
5937:
5747:
5454:
5277:
5253:
5214:
4794:
3951:
3341:
3200:
3188:
2480:
2440:
2435:
2260:
2147:
2082:
1909:
1904:
1886:
1744:
1545:
1498:
1311:
1252:
761:
757:
522:
is devoted to the role of the hero and in history and influence of the outstanding
480:
390:
236:
3069:
1229:
Tolstoy, L. 2010. War and Peace. Oxford, MA: Oxford University Press Bk. IX, ch. 1
819:
173:
American scholar Frederick Adams Woods supported the great man theory in his work
6264:
6021:
5172:
4779:
4353:
4029:
3393:
3215:
3000:
2764:
2590:
2235:
1550:
1112:
1091:
970:
845:
751:
642:
410:
348:
335:
217:
203:
167:
3273:
6137:
6127:
5997:
5987:
5982:
5850:
5553:
5244:
4663:
4291:
4287:
3938:
3556:
3495:
3335:
2806:
2640:
2428:
2416:
2102:
1987:
1663:
1648:
1638:
1540:
1442:
783:
656:
589:
191:
118:
75:
47:
5493:
1025:
6233:
5927:
5633:
5585:
5027:
4653:
2816:
2140:
2121:
2065:
2019:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1851:
1846:
1723:
1716:
1286:
1264:
972:
Nietzsche and Antiquity: His Reaction and Response to the Classical Tradition
686:
676:
472:
452:
401:
397:
385:
378:
142:
74:
is primarily attributed to the Scottish essayist, historian, and philosopher
1211:. iv. Discourses on the Condition of the Great in c. Minor Works (Opuscules)
732:(Second, revised and reset ed.). Boston: Beacon Press (published 1957).
703:
6152:
5992:
5972:
3751:
3398:
3220:
3063:
2919:
2368:
2326:
2255:
1992:
1877:
1831:
1819:
1762:
1728:
863:
815:
710:
622:
561:
556:
552:
503:
406:
400:' defence of the great man theory can be summarized as follows: The unique
903:
Everybody is Sitting on the Curb: How and why America's Heroes Disappeared
195:
5942:
5752:
4034:
3676:
3652:
3022:
3010:
2932:
2508:
2321:
2125:
1861:
1809:
1784:
1767:
1706:
875:
681:
548:
541:
as an exception, a proponent of Aristotelian magnanimity who in his book
515:
484:
467:
157:
4924:
838:
432:
James then argues that these spontaneous variations of genius, i.e. the
6193:
5922:
5590:
4597:
4240:
3810:
2472:
2060:
1814:
1772:
1758:
1626:
1611:
1323:
1299:
1272:
1240:
490:
374:
303: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
405:
the environment to this new stimulus. To begin his argument, he first
6218:
6176:
5977:
4517:
3641:
3518:
3348:
2831:
2162:
1841:
1836:
1799:
1794:
1658:
1601:
1586:
1455:
937:
As to Spengler, Nietzsche, Bloy and Weber: Saul, John Ralston (2012)
632:
627:
565:
207:
1315:
1256:
278:
221:
historical reality himself but only uncovers the inevitable future.
34:
Theory that history is shaped primarily by extraordinary individuals
5192:
3935:
1856:
1804:
671:
507:
414:
150:
146:
134:
43:
789:
On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History: Six Lectures
331:
5957:
5819:
1643:
1621:
1571:
1475:
1411:
79:
59:
6170:
Arrangement in Grey and Black, No. 2: Portrait of Thomas Carlyle
1285:
Twain, Mark (1901, pub. 1923) 'The United States of Lyncherdom'
1208:
940:
The Doubter's Companion: A Dictionary of Aggressive Common Sense
6078:
History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great
2076:
1653:
1566:
523:
162:
71:
6213:
2711:
2608:
2469:
1591:
417:
has to do with the flickering of this gas by which I write".
249:
This theory rests on two main assumptions, as pointed out by
175:
The Influence of Monarchs: Steps in a New Science of History
1596:
130:
67:
1371:
The Case for Greatness: Honorable Ambition and Its Critics
543:
The Case for Greatness: Honorable Ambition and Its Critics
1287:
https://en.wikisource.org/The_United_States_of_Lyncherdom
849:, Fredrick A. Stokes & Brother, New York, 1888. p. 2.
190:" of European History is compiled under the biography of
4059:
338:
was a contemporary critic of Carlyle's great man theory.
5353:
Professionalization and institutionalization of history
820:
The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (Third Edition)
1209:"Pascal, Blaise | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy"
5645:
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
745:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 180–196.
638:
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
6038:
On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History
4493:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
1386:, W. W. Norton, New York, 1998, p. xii-xiii & xx
579:
85:
On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History
4453:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
4311:
2093:
900:As to Hegel and Nietzsche: Edelstein, Alan (1996)
725:
5111:
839:On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History
6231:
1106:"Great Men, Great Thoughts, and the Environment"
413:conditions" as the "conditions of the crater of
381:was a 19th-century philosopher and psychologist.
46:, a typical great man, said to have created the
27:"Great Man" redirects here. For other uses, see
5677:
1920:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
1195:"Great Men, Great Thoughts and the Environment"
1181:"Great Men, Great Thoughts and the Environment"
1167:"Great Men, Great Thoughts and the Environment"
1153:"Great Men, Great Thoughts and thr Environment"
1125:"Great Men, Great Thoughts and the Environment"
457:Three Discourses on the Condition of the Great
5835:
5501:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
5371:Western European colonialism and colonization
3920:
1427:
1139:"Great Men, Great Theory and the Environment"
342:
3831:
1037:
1035:
701:
647:
3934:
922:As to Kierkegaard: Evjen, John Oluf (1938)
802:Thomas Carlyle, "The Hero as Divinity" in:
6093:Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question
5842:
5828:
3927:
3913:
1434:
1420:
1298:Ogburn, William Fielding (December 1926).
968:
50:through his military and political genius.
4556:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1061:
1032:
1002:
369:
319:Learn how and when to remove this message
5775:Historical geographic information system
2541:
1245:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
1241:"Jacob Burckhardt: Transcending History"
529:In the introduction to a new edition of
373:
330:
183:Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition
112:
97:This theory is usually contrasted with "
38:
1238:
1076:
782:
756:. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.
736:
723:
14:
6232:
6054:Oliver Cromwell's Letters and Speeches
5415:English historical school of economics
3467:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy
1521:
1297:
962:
943:New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 58
830:
809:
749:
5823:
5731:
5676:
5611:Revisionist school of Islamic studies
5450:Historical reliability of the Gospels
5308:
4835:
3908:
3897:
2540:
2283:
2047:
1686:
1520:
1415:
792:. London: James Fraser. pp. 1–2.
743:Carlyle and German Thought, 1819–1834
5803:
3898:
3428:More Irish than the Irish themselves
1300:"The Great Man versus Social Forces"
510:would have still been discovered by
301:adding citations to reliable sources
272:
4498:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
1687:
852:
737:Harrold, Charles Frederick (1934).
78:, who gave a series of lectures on
24:
5849:
5511:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II
3455:Fourth Italian War of Independence
1441:
697:Timeline of scientific discoveries
551:wrote in 1998 that "The figure of
446:
25:
6281:
6086:Critical and Miscellaneous Essays
1393:
6030:The French Revolution: A History
5956:
5802:
5793:
5792:
5309:
4809:
4808:
4650:Palestinian expulsion and flight
3162:5000-year civilization assertion
2738:Nadir of American race relations
1373:, Yale University Press, p. 210.
596:
582:
277:
5639:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
4513:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
4448:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
4255:Causes of the Armenian genocide
2564:Pyramid construction techniques
2131:Comparative historical research
2048:
1749:Library and information science
1376:
1363:
1346:
1337:
1291:
1279:
1232:
1223:
1201:
1187:
1173:
1159:
1145:
1131:
1117:
1098:
1043:"What is the Great Man Theory?"
996:
953:
931:
717:
288:needs additional citations for
58:is an approach to the study of
5651:Gunpowder and gun transmission
5601:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule
5410:Historical school of economics
5347:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
4785:Gunpowder and gun transmission
4659:Zionism as settler colonialism
3664:Limpieza de sangre controversy
2631:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis
1073:, Wiley-Blackwell, 2000, p. 3.
928:Luther Free Church Publishing.
916:
894:
885:
882:, Boston: Beacon Press, p. 22.
869:
796:
776:
244:
13:
1:
6133:Condition-of-England Question
5460:Opposition to Papal supremacy
4836:
2648:Indigenous population history
769:
214:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
6208:Thomas Carlyle and His Works
5376:Desacralization of knowledge
3647:Carlism in the Francoist era
3615:Holodomor in modern politics
2284:
1004:Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm
975:. Camden House. p. 94.
268:
82:in 1840, later published as
7:
6107:Correspondence with Emerson
5768:Historiographic metafiction
5732:
5678:Organizations, publications
5467:Proto-orthodox Christianity
4417:German resistance to Nazism
4273:Persian famine of 1917–1919
3683:Islamic revolution of Spain
3610:Holodomor genocide question
3486:Revisionism of Risorgimento
3480:Rerum italicarum scriptores
3461:Historiae Patriae Monumenta
3228:Self-Strengthening Movement
2378:decolonization of knowledge
575:
145:), man of letters (such as
108:
10:
6286:
5918:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
5565:Wissenschaft des Judentums
5542:Criticism of Protestantism
4422:Nazi foreign policy debate
3853:Second colonial occupation
3600:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
3238:Tibetan sovereignty debate
2782:Progressive-era historians
2217:Nationalization of history
2168:Historical-critical method
343:Herbert Spencer's critique
117:Bust of Thomas Carlyle by
29:Great Man (disambiguation)
26:
6173:by James McNeill Whistler
6161:
6115:
6070:The Life of John Sterling
6011:
5965:
5954:
5880:
5857:
5787:
5738:
5727:
5683:
5672:
5621:
5425:
5384:
5315:
5304:
5160:
4846:
4842:
4831:
4803:
4772:
4736:
4630:
4584:
4570:Second Sino-Japanese War
4548:
4478:
4430:
4392:
4352:
4228:
4050:
3969:
3945:
3904:
3893:
3869:
3767:
3734:
3625:
3549:
3506:
3447:
3412:
3384:
3375:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
3319:
3246:
3152:
3080:
2794:
2723:
2656:
2618:
2551:
2547:
2536:
2361:
2294:
2290:
2279:
2056:
2043:
1870:
1737:
1699:
1695:
1682:
1559:
1533:
1529:
1516:
1449:
1402:, by Peter Dizikes, from
1369:Faulkner, Robert (2007),
451:Before the 19th century,
6210:" by Henry David Thoreau
5325:Crisis of historiography
4488:Auschwitz bombing debate
4174:Indian Rebellion of 1857
4025:Late Bronze Age collapse
3959:List of military museums
3562:Pre-Revolutionary Russia
3534:Polish People's Republic
3369:Sybel-Ficker controversy
2733:African-American history
2706:Colonial Spanish America
2495:Second Thirty Years' War
1384:Hitler 1889–1936: Hubris
1239:Salomon, Albert (1945).
1095:, Appleton, 1896, p. 31.
825:Houghton Mifflin Company
804:Heroes and Hero-Worship
6148:Natural Supernaturalism
4438:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
4297:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
3848:Porter–MacKenzie debate
3605:Causes of the Holodomor
3142:Problem of two emperors
3090:Catilinarian conspiracy
2317:Historical significance
2178:Indiscipline of history
2153:Historical anthropology
1400:"Twilight of the Idols"
1104:James, William (1880),
762:2027/mdp.39015008382213
531:Heroes and Hero-Worship
499:William Fielding Ogburn
424:in the brains of these
127:Heroes and Hero-Worship
5532:Protestant Reformation
5506:Second Vatican Council
5484:Succession to Muhammad
5479:Criticism of the Quran
5230:Religious perspectives
4964:Klemens von Metternich
4561:"Battle for Australia"
4443:Soviet offensive plans
4412:Broad vs. narrow front
4251:Late Ottoman genocides
3184:Century of humiliation
2965:Goguryeo controversies
2943:2,500-year celebration
2601:Double genocide theory
2388:Historical negationism
2212:Ancestral civilisation
2200:Historical materialism
2158:Historical determinism
2108:History of mentalities
1085:The Study of Sociology
750:Lehman, B. H. (1928).
724:Bentley, Eric (1944).
702:
648:
570:charismatic leadership
382:
370:William James' defence
367:
363:The Study of Sociology
339:
121:
103:historical materialism
95:
88:, in which he states:
51:
6255:Philosophy of history
5656:Torsion mangonel myth
5559:Modern Jewish history
5554:Jesuit historiography
5547:Protestant work ethic
5527:Hesychast controversy
5392:Industrial Revolution
5342:Library of Alexandria
5260:The Lord of the Rings
4910:Constantine the Great
4790:Torsion mangonel myth
4722:Sri Lankan Civil War
3801:Storm over the gentry
3702:Colonies or Provinces
3233:Sprouts of capitalism
2307:Historic preservation
2302:Change and continuity
1358:Yale University Press
844:3 August 2011 at the
667:Philosophy of history
613:Charismatic authority
377:
353:
334:
149:), and king (such as
116:
90:
42:
6062:Latter-Day Pamphlets
5913:James Anthony Froude
5743:Commemorative plaque
4959:Juan Manuel de Rosas
4407:"Blitzkrieg" concept
4278:Powder keg of Europe
4153:Franco-Prussian War
3823:Winter of Discontent
3806:Suffragette Campaign
3473:Italiani brava gente
3439:Revolutionary period
3261:Frankish Interregnum
3194:"Chineseness" debate
3127:Byzantine succession
3112:Fall of Western Rome
3053:Executed Renaissance
2542:By country or region
2486:Age of Enlightenment
2460:Vaticinium ex eventu
2407:Modernisation theory
2241:Quantitative history
1617:Historical documents
739:"Carlyle and Heroes"
692:Structure and agency
297:improve this article
251:Villanova University
227:Untimely Meditations
133:), prophet (such as
6260:Theories of history
6123:Captain of Industry
5898:Ralph Waldo Emerson
5572:Schools of thought
5537:Proto-Protestantism
5406:School of Thoughts
5288:William Shakespeare
5273:Robert Falcon Scott
5178:Friedrich Nietzsche
5016:Cult of personality
5001:Neville Chamberlain
4861:Alexander the Great
4743:Russo-Georgian War
4716:Sovereignty dispute
4695:Iranian Revolution
4525:"Polish death camp"
4502:In relation to the
4211:Myth of English aid
4202:War of the Pacific
3979:Albigensian Crusade
3404:Indigenous Aryanism
3100:Constantinian shift
2636:Residential schools
2393:Historian's fallacy
2312:Historic recurrence
1810:Numismatics (Money)
1582:Archaeological site
1506:theories of history
1090:15 May 2012 at the
1010:. Delphi Classics.
969:Bishop, P. (2004).
880:The Hero in History
860:The Hero in History
858:Sidney Hook (1955)
618:Cult of personality
520:The Hero in History
232:Friedrich Nietzsche
141:), priest (such as
6240:1840 introductions
6183:Laborare est Orare
5893:Jane Welsh Carlyle
5763:Historical realism
5758:Historical fiction
5703:History institutes
5693:Historical society
5688:Heritage registers
5576:Biblical criticism
5489:Islamic golden age
5440:Early Christianity
5320:Bears in antiquity
5208:Medieval Christian
5006:Pedro II of Brazil
4954:José de San Martín
4758:Syrian revolution
4670:Malayan Emergency
4645:1948 Palestine war
4378:Spanish Civil War
4328:War guilt question
4137:American Civil War
4117:Invasion of Russia
4093:New Russian School
3877:Colonial Australia
3593:October Revolution
3356:Strukturgeschichte
3292:Location of Alésia
3211:Hua–Yi distinction
3132:Moscow, third Rome
2748:Reconstruction era
2569:Black Egypt Thesis
2491:European Civil War
2447:Translatio imperii
2402:Invented tradition
1523:Historical sources
1405:The New York Times
1111:2019-03-28 at the
1082:Spencer, Herbert.
1047:www.villanovau.com
539:Robert K. Faulkner
420:James argues that
383:
340:
216:, proceeding from
122:
99:history from below
52:
6227:
6226:
5933:Kitty Kirkpatrick
5903:Francis Espinasse
5888:William Allingham
5817:
5816:
5783:
5782:
5723:
5722:
5668:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5581:Catholic theology
5435:Avestan geography
5300:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5283:Søren Kierkegaard
5156:
5155:
5067:Warren G. Harding
4827:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4626:
4625:
4504:Armenian genocide
4367:Polish–Soviet War
4362:Burning of Smyrna
4348:
4347:
4338:Reichstag inquiry
4261:Patriotic consent
4132:
4131:
4107:War in the Vendée
4071:French Revolution
4053:century conflicts
4042:Peloponnesian War
4003:Eighty Years' War
3889:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3794:Westminster Stone
3491:Southern question
3330:Alltagsgeschichte
3280:Legendary Saracen
2982:Early settlements
2790:
2789:
2770:Political history
2755:Consensus history
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2514:Continuity thesis
2453:Translatio studii
2339:Theory of history
2275:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2229:Subaltern Studies
2114:Nouvelle histoire
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
1951:Medieval churches
1938:Geistesgeschichte
1882:Paleoanthropology
1790:Encyclopaedistics
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1546:Secondary sources
1067:Segal, Robert A.
1017:978-1-78877-874-9
836:Carlyle, Thomas.
650:Nouvelle histoire
604:Philosophy portal
535:David R. Sorensen
512:Gottfried Leibniz
422:genetic anomalies
361:Herbert Spencer,
329:
328:
321:
200:Søren Kierkegaard
188:Migrations Period
137:), poet (such as
16:(Redirected from
6277:
6143:Great Man theory
6046:Past and Present
5960:
5938:John Stuart Mill
5844:
5837:
5830:
5821:
5820:
5806:
5805:
5796:
5795:
5748:Documentary film
5729:
5728:
5708:History journals
5674:
5673:
5647:
5519:
5455:Primacy of Peter
5402:Great Depression
5382:
5381:
5355:
5333:
5306:
5305:
5254:J. R. R. Tolkien
5109:
5108:
5104:
5092:
5080:
5062:Ulysses S. Grant
5057:Thomas Jefferson
5048:
5024:
4987:
4950:
4938:
4906:
4894:
4886:Chiang Ching-kuo
4876:Cato the Younger
4866:Amin al-Husseini
4844:
4843:
4833:
4832:
4812:
4811:
4795:War and genocide
4619:
4605:Résistancialisme
4592:Battle of France
4574:Nanjing Massacre
4428:
4427:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4269:
4219:
4101:
4084:
4057:
4056:
3984:Catharism debate
3970:pre-18th century
3952:Military history
3929:
3922:
3915:
3906:
3905:
3899:By war, conflict
3895:
3894:
3843:Cambridge School
3829:
3828:
3727:
3715:
3691:
3672:
3582:
3570:
3542:
3364:
3342:Historikerstreit
3312:
3300:
3288:
3269:
3255:Cordon sanitaire
3201:New Qing History
3189:Conquest dynasty
3180:
3095:Christianization
3078:
3077:
2997:
2910:
2898:
2886:
2864:
2852:
2844:Byzantine Empire
2699:Iquicha Royalism
2688:
2654:
2653:
2577:
2549:
2548:
2538:
2537:
2481:Age of Discovery
2470:Periodization of
2467:
2466:
2441:Transhistoricity
2436:Thirty-year rule
2347:
2335:
2292:
2291:
2281:
2280:
2261:Great Man theory
2224:People's history
2186:
2091:
2090:
2083:Three-age system
2045:
2044:
1745:Archival science
1697:
1696:
1684:
1683:
1551:Tertiary sources
1531:
1530:
1518:
1517:
1467:by area of study
1436:
1429:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1387:
1380:
1374:
1367:
1361:
1360:, 2013, pp. 2-3.
1350:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1102:
1096:
1080:
1074:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1049:. 8 January 2015
1039:
1030:
1029:
1006:(17 July 2017).
1000:
994:
993:
991:
989:
966:
960:
957:
951:
935:
929:
920:
914:
898:
892:
889:
883:
873:
867:
856:
850:
834:
828:
813:
807:
800:
794:
793:
780:
765:
746:
733:
731:
707:
662:People's history
653:
606:
601:
600:
599:
592:
587:
586:
585:
481:Jacob Burckhardt
391:Atlantic Monthly
365:
324:
317:
313:
310:
304:
281:
273:
56:great man theory
48:"Napoleonic" era
21:
18:Great Man theory
6285:
6284:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6274:
6230:
6229:
6228:
6223:
6157:
6111:
6022:Sartor Resartus
6007:
5961:
5952:
5876:
5853:
5848:
5818:
5813:
5812:
5779:
5734:
5719:
5679:
5660:
5643:
5626:
5617:
5513:
5421:
5397:Great Recession
5380:
5351:
5327:
5311:
5292:
5183:H. P. Lovecraft
5152:
5114:
5107:
5098:
5086:
5074:
5042:
5018:
4991:Muammar Gaddafi
4981:
4969:Leonid Brezhnev
4944:
4932:
4915:Gregory Palamas
4900:
4898:Chiang Kai Shek
4888:
4848:
4838:
4819:
4818:
4799:
4780:Conflict thesis
4768:
4732:
4622:
4613:
4580:
4544:
4474:
4426:
4388:
4354:Interwar period
4344:
4314:
4307:
4299:
4283:Schlieffen Plan
4263:
4224:
4213:
4128:
4095:
4078:
4063:
4052:
4046:
4030:Dorian invasion
4015:Fall of Babylon
3971:
3965:
3964:
3941:
3933:
3900:
3881:
3857:
3834:
3827:
3789:Kingdom of Alba
3770:
3763:
3730:
3721:
3709:
3707:Spanish decline
3685:
3666:
3621:
3576:
3564:
3545:
3536:
3502:
3443:
3408:
3394:Greater Magadha
3380:
3358:
3315:
3306:
3294:
3282:
3263:
3242:
3216:Four Barbarians
3174:
3148:
3076:
3033:Götaland theory
3001:Lusotropicalism
2991:
2972:North Macedonia
2904:
2892:
2880:
2858:
2846:
2786:
2765:Frontier thesis
2760:Cyclical theory
2743:Neoabolitionism
2719:
2682:
2652:
2614:
2591:Greater Morocco
2571:
2543:
2520:
2471:
2465:
2357:
2341:
2329:
2286:
2267:
2180:
2095:
2089:
2071:Historical eras
2052:
2031:
1866:
1763:Writing systems
1733:
1691:
1689:Fields of study
1670:
1664:Service records
1649:Religious texts
1555:
1541:Primary sources
1525:
1512:
1511:
1445:
1440:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1381:
1377:
1368:
1364:
1354:Brent E. Kinser
1351:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1316:10.2307/3004769
1296:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1257:10.2307/2102884
1237:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1113:Wayback Machine
1103:
1099:
1092:Wayback Machine
1081:
1077:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1018:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
983:
967:
963:
958:
954:
936:
932:
921:
917:
899:
895:
890:
886:
874:
870:
857:
853:
846:Wayback Machine
835:
831:
827:, Boston, 2002.
814:
810:
801:
797:
784:Carlyle, Thomas
781:
777:
772:
720:
715:
643:Knight of faith
602:
597:
595:
588:
583:
581:
578:
506:had not lived,
449:
447:Other responses
411:anthropological
372:
366:
360:
349:Herbert Spencer
345:
336:Herbert Spencer
325:
314:
308:
305:
294:
282:
271:
247:
218:providentialist
204:Oswald Spengler
111:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6283:
6273:
6272:
6270:Men in history
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6250:Thomas Carlyle
6247:
6242:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6204:
6200:Thomas Carlyle
6196:
6191:
6186:
6179:
6174:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6138:Dismal Science
6135:
6130:
6128:Carlyle circle
6125:
6119:
6117:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6109:
6104:
6096:
6089:
6082:
6074:
6066:
6058:
6050:
6042:
6034:
6026:
6017:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6005:
6000:
5998:London Library
5995:
5990:
5988:Craigenputtock
5985:
5983:21 Comely Bank
5980:
5975:
5969:
5967:
5963:
5962:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5884:
5882:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5851:Thomas Carlyle
5847:
5846:
5839:
5832:
5824:
5815:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5800:
5789:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5725:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5705:
5700:
5690:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5641:
5636:
5630:
5628:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5556:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5529:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5498:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5452:
5447:
5437:
5431:
5429:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5388:
5386:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5361:
5356:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5227:
5222:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5173:Charles Darwin
5170:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5143:United Kingdom
5140:
5135:
5133:Modern Germany
5130:
5125:
5119:
5117:
5106:
5105:
5093:
5081:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5052:Thomas Aquinas
5049:
5037:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4939:
4927:
4922:
4920:Horatio Nelson
4917:
4912:
4907:
4895:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4852:
4850:
4840:
4839:
4829:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4752:Responsibility
4749:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4708:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4683:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4664:New Historians
4661:
4656:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4530:Responsibility
4527:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4510:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4432:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4398:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4325:
4319:
4317:
4306:
4294:
4288:Spirit of 1914
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4258:
4248:
4245:Fischer thesis
4234:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4208:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4188:
4186:Paraguayan War
4183:
4182:
4181:
4171:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4112:Napoleonic era
4109:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4090:
4085:
4076:Pre-revolution
4067:
4065:
4061:Coalition Wars
4054:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3975:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3955:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3939:historiography
3932:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3909:
3902:
3901:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3781:
3775:
3773:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3757:Decline thesis
3754:
3747:Ottoman Empire
3744:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3716:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3673:
3661:
3656:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3574:Skeptic School
3559:
3557:Anti-Normanism
3553:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3514:Golden Liberty
3510:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3496:Neo-Bourbonism
3488:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3464:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3424:
3418:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3366:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3336:Borussian myth
3333:
3325:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3301:
3289:
3277:
3270:
3258:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3186:
3181:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2899:
2887:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2807:Dealbanisation
2798:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2677:
2671:May Revolution
2662:
2660:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2641:Staples thesis
2638:
2633:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2566:
2557:
2555:
2545:
2544:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2497:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2473:modern history
2464:
2463:
2456:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2419:
2417:Paradigm shift
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2371:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2192:
2187:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2133:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2103:Annales school
2099:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2073:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1966:Constitutional
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1902:
1889:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1842:Postage stamps
1839:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1770:
1765:
1756:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1693:
1692:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1639:Oral tradition
1636:
1635:
1634:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1527:
1526:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1443:Historiography
1439:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1395:
1394:External links
1392:
1389:
1388:
1375:
1362:
1345:
1336:
1310:(2): 225–231.
1290:
1278:
1231:
1222:
1200:
1186:
1172:
1158:
1144:
1130:
1116:
1097:
1075:
1060:
1031:
1016:
995:
981:
961:
952:
930:
915:
893:
884:
868:
851:
829:
808:
795:
774:
773:
771:
768:
767:
766:
747:
734:
719:
716:
714:
713:
708:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
657:Paradigm shift
654:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
609:
608:
607:
593:
590:History portal
577:
574:
568:'s concept of
448:
445:
371:
368:
358:
344:
341:
327:
326:
285:
283:
276:
270:
267:
262:
261:
258:
246:
243:
192:Attila the Hun
119:Thomas Woolner
110:
107:
76:Thomas Carlyle
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6282:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6205:
6203:
6201:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6114:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6100:Reminiscences
6097:
6094:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6035:
6032:
6031:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6014:
6010:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5964:
5959:
5949:
5948:John Sterling
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5928:Edward Irving
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5856:
5852:
5845:
5840:
5838:
5833:
5831:
5826:
5825:
5822:
5809:
5801:
5799:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5776:
5773:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5737:
5730:
5726:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5682:
5675:
5671:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5634:Merton thesis
5632:
5631:
5629:
5624:
5620:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5586:Panbabylonism
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5517:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5354:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5331:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5314:
5307:
5303:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5149:
5148:United States
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5110:
5102:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5085:
5082:
5078:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5028:Bolivarianism
5026:
5022:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5011:Simon Bolivar
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4985:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4948:
4943:
4942:Joseph Stalin
4940:
4936:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4899:
4896:
4892:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4845:
4841:
4834:
4830:
4815:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:Post-Cold War
4735:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4711:Falklands War
4709:
4707:
4706:Iran–Iraq War
4704:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4654:Ongoing Nakba
4651:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4617:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4585:Western Front
4583:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4566:Bengal famine
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4480:The Holocaust
4477:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:Eastern Front
4429:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4310:
4303:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4267:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4217:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4162:Paris Commune
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4147:Turning point
4145:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4099:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4051:18th and 19th
4049:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3996:Islamic views
3994:
3993:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3968:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3930:
3925:
3923:
3918:
3916:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3896:
3892:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3766:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3725:
3720:
3719:Ser de España
3717:
3713:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3689:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3580:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3540:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3310:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3137:Ottoman claim
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3117:Prosopography
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3071:
3070:Trưng sisters
3068:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2817:Habsburg myth
2815:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2725:United States
2722:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2658:Latin America
2655:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2535:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2278:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:Transnational
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2141:Decoloniality
2139:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2122:Historiometry
2120:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:Periodization
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1852:Sigillography
1850:
1848:
1847:Prosopography
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1724:Local history
1722:
1718:
1717:Human history
1715:
1714:
1713:
1712:World history
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1385:
1382:Kershaw, Ian
1379:
1372:
1366:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1340:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:Social Forces
1301:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1226:
1210:
1204:
1196:
1190:
1182:
1176:
1168:
1162:
1154:
1148:
1140:
1134:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1005:
999:
984:
982:9781571132826
978:
974:
973:
965:
956:
950:
949:9781476718941
946:
942:
941:
934:
927:
926:
919:
913:
912:9780275953645
909:
905:
904:
897:
888:
881:
877:
872:
865:
861:
855:
848:
847:
843:
840:
833:
826:
822:
821:
817:
812:
805:
799:
791:
790:
785:
779:
775:
763:
759:
755:
754:
748:
744:
740:
735:
730:
729:
722:
721:
712:
709:
706:
705:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
687:Revolutionary
685:
683:
680:
678:
677:Prosopography
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
652:
651:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
605:
594:
591:
580:
573:
571:
567:
563:
558:
554:
550:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
495:
492:
488:
486:
482:
478:
475:
474:
473:War and Peace
469:
465:
462:
458:
454:
453:Blaise Pascal
444:
441:
437:
435:
430:
427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
403:
402:physiological
399:
395:
393:
392:
387:
386:William James
380:
379:William James
376:
364:
357:
352:
350:
337:
333:
323:
320:
312:
302:
298:
292:
291:
286:This section
284:
280:
275:
274:
266:
259:
256:
255:
254:
252:
242:
240:
239:
233:
229:
228:
222:
219:
215:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:
178:
176:
171:
169:
164:
159:
154:
152:
148:
144:
143:Martin Luther
140:
136:
132:
128:
120:
115:
106:
104:
100:
94:
89:
87:
86:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
19:
6245:Whig history
6199:
6181:
6168:
6153:Sage writing
6098:
6084:
6076:
6068:
6060:
6052:
6044:
6036:
6028:
6020:
5993:5 Cheyne Row
5973:Arched House
5908:John Forster
5563:
5365:The Simpsons
5363:
5310:Other topics
5258:
5235:Christianity
5225:Resurrection
4856:Adolf Hitler
4685:Six-Day War
4681:Algerian War
4652: /
4611:Vichy France
4603:
4596:
4506: /
4394:World War II
4290: /
3957:
3950:
3752:Ghaza thesis
3675:
3651:
3637:White legend
3635: /
3633:Black legend
3588:Soviet Union
3478:
3471:
3459:
3422:Great Famine
3399:Indocentrism
3373:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3328:
3274:Grand Siècle
3272:
3253:
3221:Sinocentrism
3082:Ancient Rome
3062:
2920:Aryan Kartli
2918:
2710:
2673: /
2607:
2504:19th century
2502: /
2493: /
2458:
2451:
2450: /
2445:
2421:
2395: /
2369:Black legend
2327:Historiology
2124: /
2112:
2075:
2013:Quantitative
1936:
1932:Intellectual
1898: /
1894: /
1880: /
1878:Anthropology
1832:Phaleristics
1825:preservation
1820:Oral history
1761: /
1747: /
1729:Microhistory
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1474:
1465: /
1461:
1454:
1403:
1383:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1348:
1339:
1327:. Retrieved
1307:
1303:
1293:
1281:
1251:(2): 240–1.
1248:
1244:
1234:
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1203:
1189:
1175:
1161:
1147:
1133:
1119:
1100:
1083:
1078:
1068:
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1046:
1007:
998:
986:. Retrieved
971:
964:
955:
939:
933:
924:
918:
902:
896:
887:
879:
871:
864:Beacon Press
859:
854:
837:
832:
818:
816:Hirsch, E.D.
811:
803:
798:
788:
778:
752:
742:
727:
718:Bibliography
711:Whig history
623:Elite theory
562:Nazi Germany
557:Joachim Fest
547:
542:
530:
528:
519:
504:Isaac Newton
496:
489:
479:
471:
466:
460:
456:
450:
442:
438:
433:
431:
425:
419:
407:sardonically
396:
389:
384:
362:
354:
346:
315:
306:
295:Please help
290:verification
287:
263:
248:
237:
225:
223:
212:
181:
179:
174:
172:
155:
126:
123:
96:
91:
83:
63:
55:
53:
36:
6081:(1858–1865)
5943:John Ruskin
5872:Prose style
5753:Hagiography
5514: [
5474:Early Islam
5328: [
5220:Historicity
5198:Historicity
5188:Jane Austen
5168:The Beatles
5138:Netherlands
5099: [
5096:Zhuge Liang
5087: [
5075: [
5072:Yuan Shikai
5043: [
5040:Sun Yat Tse
5019: [
4982: [
4945: [
4933: [
4930:Jiang Zemin
4901: [
4889: [
4881:Che Guevara
4614: [
4549:Pacific War
4333:Article 231
4323:Reparations
4300: [
4264: [
4241:Color books
4230:World War I
4214: [
4191:War of 1812
4096: [
4079: [
4064:(1792–1815)
4035:Sea Peoples
4020:Gallic Wars
3722: [
3710: [
3697:Revisionist
3686: [
3677:Reconquista
3667: [
3659:Inquisition
3653:Convivencia
3577: [
3565: [
3537: [
3434:Revisionism
3359: [
3307: [
3295: [
3283: [
3264: [
3206:Golden ages
3175: [
3172:Wunu School
3167:Archaeology
3040:Switzerland
3023:Kosovo Myth
3011:Great Union
2992: [
2977:Philippines
2960:Nationalist
2933:Ages of Man
2905: [
2893: [
2881: [
2859: [
2847: [
2683: [
2680:Revisionist
2572: [
2509:Renaissance
2374:Coloniality
2342: [
2330: [
2322:Historicity
2246:Revisionist
2236:Pop history
2207:Nationalist
2181: [
2126:Cliometrics
2094:Approaches,
2050:Methodology
1946:Linguistics
1896:Environment
1862:Vexillology
1785:Diplomatics
1768:Chorography
1707:Big History
1659:War diaries
1632:Illuminated
1627:Manuscripts
1612:Hieroglyphs
1492:historicity
1053:10 December
906:Greenwood.
876:Sidney Hook
682:Protagonist
549:Ian Kershaw
516:Sidney Hook
485:magnanimity
468:Leo Tolstoy
455:begins his
245:Assumptions
158:Sidney Hook
139:Shakespeare
6234:Categories
6194:Smelfungus
5923:Leigh Hunt
5867:Philosophy
5808:Multimedia
5627:Technology
5591:Urreligion
5494:Kharijites
5445:Background
5113:Historical
5084:Zhou Enlai
4979:Mao Zedong
4974:Louis Riel
4747:Background
4598:Guilty Men
4540:Uniqueness
4463:Background
4458:Winter War
4382:Background
4315:Versailles
4169:Great Game
3816:Ricardians
3811:Tudor myth
3529:Partitions
3122:Succession
2412:Narratives
2397:Presentism
2353:Philosophy
2173:Humanistic
2061:Case study
1993:Indigenous
1971:Diplomatic
1915:Capitalism
1815:Onomastics
1773:Chronology
1602:Facsimiles
1587:Chronicles
1485:historians
1456:Historians
1070:Hero Myths
1026:1005922656
862:, Boston:
770:References
704:Übermensch
491:Mark Twain
309:March 2023
6219:Yggdrasil
6202:(Millais)
6177:Dryasdust
5978:Scotsbrig
5862:Allusions
5596:Perennial
5385:Economics
5337:Feudalism
5123:Australia
4871:Aurangzeb
4847:Political
4837:By person
4518:Pius Wars
4313:Treaty of
3972:conflicts
3779:Poor Laws
3642:Hispanism
3519:Sarmatism
3349:Sonderweg
3107:Expansion
2832:Litvinism
2666:Argentina
2500:Long 18th
2383:Dark Ages
2163:Historism
1961:Political
1900:Geography
1837:Philology
1800:Genealogy
1795:Epigraphy
1738:By source
1577:Artifacts
1265:0031-8205
1008:Ecce homo
633:Greatness
628:Folk hero
566:Max Weber
497:In 1926,
461:great men
434:great men
426:great men
269:Responses
238:Ecce Homo
208:Max Weber
196:Léon Bloy
64:great men
6095:" (1849)
5798:Category
5713:template
5427:Religion
5278:Socrates
5193:Muhammed
5115:rankings
4996:Napoleon
4814:Category
4632:Cold War
4535:Slovakia
4122:Waterloo
3991:Crusades
3936:Military
3784:Scotland
3742:Kemalist
3064:Nam tiến
3059:Vietnam
3049:Ukraine
3007:Romania
2989:Portugal
2915:Georgia
2890:Medieval
2839:Bulgaria
2828:Belarus
2813:Austria
2619:Americas
2587:Morocco
2583:Ethiopia
2362:Specific
2285:Concepts
2190:Leninist
2148:Feminist
2136:Critical
1983:Feminism
1956:Military
1910:Business
1905:Economic
1887:Cultural
1871:By topic
1857:Toponymy
1805:Heraldry
1753:template
1700:By scale
1622:Logbooks
1607:Features
1572:Archives
1329:18 March
1215:8 August
1109:Archived
1088:Archived
842:Archived
672:Polymath
576:See also
508:calculus
415:Vesuvius
359:—
168:Einstein
151:Napoleon
147:Rousseau
135:Muhammad
109:Overview
44:Napoleon
6189:Phoenix
6162:Related
5733:Related
5623:Science
5268:Madonna
5240:Judaism
5203:Judaism
5035:Saladin
4925:Hypatia
4849:leaders
4773:Related
4726:Origins
4689:Origins
4640:Origins
4196:Origins
4142:Origins
4008:Origins
3870:Oceania
3833:British
3771:Kingdom
3414:Ireland
3321:Germany
3029:Sweden
2902:New Age
2878:Ancient
2874:Europe
2870:Croatia
2802:Albania
2795:Eurasia
2597:Rwanda
2295:General
2195:Marxist
2096:schools
1925:Thought
1892:Ecology
1654:Scrolls
1592:Codices
1560:Sources
1499:history
1476:History
1324:3004769
1273:2102884
878:(1955)
866:, p. 14
806:(1840).
524:persons
80:heroism
60:history
6265:Heroes
6103:(1881)
6073:(1851)
6065:(1850)
6057:(1845)
6049:(1843)
6041:(1841)
6033:(1837)
6025:(1831)
6003:Statue
5966:Places
5881:People
5359:Salons
5161:Others
5128:Canada
4762:Causes
4699:Causes
4674:Causes
4468:Spirit
4402:Causes
4372:Causes
4237:Causes
4206:Causes
4179:Causes
4157:Causes
4088:Causes
3835:Empire
3769:United
3735:Turkey
3550:Russia
3524:Deluge
3507:Poland
3247:France
3045:Taiwan
3018:Serbia
2824:Balhae
2675:Causes
2626:Canada
2560:Egypt
2553:Africa
2077:Tarikh
1998:Labour
1988:Gender
1978:Social
1778:dating
1644:Papyri
1567:Annals
1322:
1271:
1263:
1024:
1014:
988:18 May
979:
947:
910:
553:Hitler
163:Genius
72:theory
68:heroes
6214:Vates
6116:Ideas
6013:Works
5606:Roman
5518:]
5332:]
5245:Islam
5215:Jesus
5103:]
5091:]
5079:]
5047:]
5023:]
4986:]
4949:]
4937:]
4905:]
4893:]
4618:]
4508:Nakba
4304:]
4268:]
4218:]
4100:]
4083:]
3726:]
3714:]
3690:]
3671:]
3626:Spain
3581:]
3569:]
3541:]
3448:Italy
3386:India
3363:]
3311:]
3299:]
3287:]
3268:]
3179:]
3154:China
2996:]
2955:Korea
2950:Japan
2939:Iran
2928:Greek
2909:]
2897:]
2885:]
2863:]
2856:Early
2851:]
2712:Casta
2687:]
2609:Maafa
2576:]
2346:]
2334:]
2185:]
2025:Women
2020:Urban
2008:Rural
2003:LGBTQ
1759:Books
1597:Deeds
1534:Types
1320:JSTOR
1269:JSTOR
398:James
66:, or
5697:list
4292:1917
3304:Lyon
2775:Eras
2694:Peru
2429:list
2376:and
2256:Whig
1463:list
1331:2022
1261:ISSN
1217:2020
1055:2019
1022:OCLC
1012:ISBN
990:2015
977:ISBN
945:ISBN
908:ISBN
356:him.
206:and
131:Odin
54:The
2423:Pax
1312:doi
1253:doi
758:hdl
470:'s
299:by
241:.
224:In
170:?"
156:As
6236::
5516:it
5330:pt
5101:zh
5089:zh
5077:zh
5045:zh
5021:es
4984:zh
4947:ru
4935:zh
4903:zh
4891:zh
4616:fr
4302:ru
4266:fr
4243:/
4216:es
4098:ru
4081:fr
3724:es
3712:es
3688:es
3669:es
3579:ru
3567:ru
3539:pl
3361:de
3309:fr
3297:fr
3285:fr
3266:fr
3177:zh
2994:pt
2907:ru
2895:ru
2883:ru
2861:ru
2849:de
2685:es
2574:es
2344:de
2332:es
2183:pt
1356:,
1318:.
1306:.
1302:.
1267:.
1259:.
1247:.
1243:.
1045:.
1034:^
1020:.
823:,
741:.
572:.
533:,
526:.
253::
230:,
210:.
202:,
198:,
105:.
6206:"
6091:"
5843:e
5836:t
5829:v
5699:)
5695:(
5625:/
4257:)
4253:(
4247:)
4239:(
3928:e
3921:t
3914:v
3430:"
3426:"
1755:)
1751:(
1435:e
1428:t
1421:v
1333:.
1314::
1308:5
1275:.
1255::
1249:6
1219:.
1197:.
1183:.
1169:.
1155:.
1141:.
1127:.
1057:.
1028:.
992:.
764:.
760::
322:)
316:(
311:)
307:(
293:.
161:"
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
