437:
586:
425:
753:
61:
720:
because they have esophageal, gastric, or neurologic problems. Intake of drugs that depress neurologic function may also lead to aspiration. The resultant granulomas are typically found around the airways (bronchioles), and are often accompanied by foreign body-type, multinucleated giant cells, acute inflammation, or organizing pneumonia. The finding of food particles in lung biopsies is diagnostic.
436:
415:) refers to a form of necrosis that, to the unaided eye, appears cheese-like ("caseous"), and is typically a feature of the granulomas of tuberculosis. The identification of necrosis in granulomas is important because granulomas with necrosis tend to have infectious causes. Several exceptions to this general rule exist, but it nevertheless remains useful in day-to-day diagnostic pathology.
719:
is typically caused by aspiration of bacteria from the oral cavity into the lungs, and does not result in the formation of granulomas. Granulomas may form, though, when food particles or other particulate substances such as pill fragments are aspirated into the lungs. Patients typically aspirate food
442:
Granuloma with central necrosis in a lung of a person with tuberculosis: Note the
Langhans-type giant cells (with many nuclei arranged in a horseshoe-like pattern at the edge of the cell) around the periphery of the granuloma. Langhans-type giant cells are seen in many types of granulomas and are not
270:
The other key term in the above definition is the word "organized" which refers to a tight, ball-like formation. The macrophages in these formations are typically so tightly clustered that the borders of individual cells are difficult to appreciate. Loosely dispersed macrophages are not considered to
908:
Mukhopadhyay S, Farver CF, Vaszar LT, Dempsey OJ, Popper HH, Mani H, Capelozzi VL, Fukuoka J, Kerr KM, Zeren EH, Iyer VK, Tanaka T, Narde I, Nomikos A, Gumurdulu D, Arava S, Zander DS, Tazelaar HD (Jan 2012). "Causes of pulmonary granulomas: a retrospective study of 500 cases from seven countries".
607:
is a disease of unknown cause characterized by non-necrotizing ("non-caseating") granulomas in multiple organs and body sites, most commonly the lungs and lymph nodes within the chest cavity. Other common sites of involvement include the liver, spleen, skin, and eyes. The granulomas of sarcoidosis
467:
which tend to contain necrosis ("caseating tubercules"), but non-necrotizing granulomas may also be present. Multinucleated giant cells with nuclei arranged like a horseshoe (Langhans giant cell) and foreign body giant cells are often present, but are not specific for tuberculosis. A definitive
764:
occurs when a foreign body (such as a wood splinter, piece of metal, glass etc.) penetrates the body's soft tissue followed by acute inflammation and formation of a granuloma. In some cases the foreign body can be found and removed even years after the precipitating event.
743:
is a skin disease of unknown cause in which granulomas are found in the dermis of the skin, but it is not a true granuloma. Typically, a central zone of necrobiotic generation of collagen is seen, with surrounding inflammation and mucin deposition on pathology.
259:. Epithelioid macrophages differ from ordinary macrophages in that they have elongated nuclei that often resemble the sole of a slipper or shoe. They also have larger nuclei than ordinary macrophages, and their cytoplasm is typically pinker when stained with
540:
infection occurs in persons whose immune systems are intact, granulomatous inflammation is typically encountered. The granulomas can be necrotizing or non-necrotizing. Using a microscope and appropriate stains, organisms can be seen within the granulomas.
231:
when they see a calcified nodule on X-ray or CT scan of the chest. They make this assumption since granulomas usually contain calcium, although the cells that form a granuloma are too tiny to be seen by a radiologist. The most accurate use of the term
643:
is an inflammatory condition of uncertain cause characterized by severe inflammation in the wall of the intestines and other parts of the abdomen. Within the inflammation in the gut wall, granulomas are often found and are a clue to the diagnosis.
707:
infection in the lungs is usually not associated with granulomas, but rare cases are well documented to cause granulomatous inflammation. The diagnosis is established by finding
Pneumocystis yeasts within the granulomas on lung biopsies.
555:, typically acquired by a scratch from a kitten infected with the organism. The granulomas in this disease are found in the lymph nodes draining the site of the scratch. They are characteristically "suppurative", i.e.,
628:, but these structures are not specific for sarcoidosis. Sarcoid granulomas can resolve spontaneously without complications or heal with residual scarring. In the lungs, this scarring can cause a condition known as
333:
In terms of the underlying cause, the difference between granulomas and other types of inflammation is that granulomas form in response to antigens that are resistant to "first-responder" inflammatory cells such as
1671:
1656:
2159:
608:
are similar to those of tuberculosis and other infectious granulomatous diseases. In most cases of sarcoidosis, though, the granulomas do not contain necrosis and are surrounded by concentric scar tissue (
1499:
Mukhopadhyay S, Katzenstein AL (2007). "Pulmonary disease due to aspiration of food and other particulate matter: a clinicopathologic study of 59 cases diagnosed on biopsy or resection specimens".
1246:
2152:
342:. The antigen causing the formation of a granuloma is most often an infectious pathogen or a substance foreign to the body, but sometimes the offending antigen is unknown (as in
2145:
559:-forming, containing large numbers of neutrophils. Organisms are usually difficult to find within the granulomas using methods routinely used in pathology laboratories.
2641:
2490:
2480:
820:, a suffix used to indicate tumors or masses. The plural is granulomas or granulomata. The adjective granulomatous means "characterized by granulomas".
2689:
1456:
Hartel PH, Shilo K, Klassen-Fischer M, et al. (2010). "Granulomatous reaction to
Pneumocystis jirovecii. clinicopathologic review of 20 cases".
955:
Woodard BH, Rosenberg SI, Farnham R, Adams DO (1982). "Incidence and nature of primary granulomatous inflammation in surgically removed material".
773:
480:, granulomas are found in the skin and tend to involve nerves. The appearance of the granulomas differs according to the precise type of leprosy.
424:
306:). The additional cells are sometimes a clue to the cause of the granuloma. For example, granulomas with numerous eosinophils may be a clue to
797:
386:
510:
ova that are laid in intestinal and urinary venules backwash into the liver via the portal vein, causing granuloma formation in the liver.
1328:
2253:
405:, which refers to dead cells that, under the microscope, appear as a mass of formless debris with no nuclei present. A related term,
349:
Granulomas are seen in a wide variety of diseases, both infectious and noninfectious. Infections characterized by granulomas include
2494:
2465:
2287:
2270:
34:
776:
is a rare granulomatous skin disorder of unknown cause. It is temporary and tends to affect children, usually of
African descent.
2339:
2324:
2624:
1740:
570:
is a systemic disease affecting the periarteriolar connective tissue and can occur after an untreated group A, beta-hemolytic
2786:
1128:
2314:
2766:
2754:
2868:
2761:
2699:
1839:
879:
732:, typically manifesting as bumps in the soft tissues around the joints (so-called rheumatoid nodules) or in the lungs.
2809:
2443:
788:(inflammation of the blood vessels). Both the granulomas as well as the vasculitis tend to occur in association with
2749:
2617:
2258:
793:
382:
319:
2824:
2814:
2796:
2438:
696:
form), with research suggesting effective granuloma formation to be desirable in the resolution of the disease.
2433:
2428:
2248:
2126:
2105:
1047:
Chen KT, Kostich ND, Rosai J (1978). "Peritoneal foreign body granulomas to keratin in uterine adenocanthoma".
2902:
2781:
2651:
2636:
2453:
2329:
660:
2628:
2448:
2196:
2771:
2612:
2475:
2374:
2243:
2238:
2220:
1950:
632:
that impairs breathing. In the heart, it can lead to rhythm disturbances, heart failure, and even death.
136:
attempts to isolate foreign substances that it is otherwise unable to eliminate. Such substances include
17:
2191:
2137:
1733:
468:
diagnosis of tuberculosis requires identification of the causative organism by microbiologic cultures.
459:
291:
1266:
Pereira, C., Tauro, L. F., & Shetty, P. (2020). Aquarium granuloma: a diagnosis based on history.
2646:
2592:
2263:
2186:
526:
organisms can sometimes be demonstrated within the granulomas by biopsy or microbiological cultures.
1809:
2819:
2208:
2203:
1690:
784:
Certain inflammatory diseases are characterised by a combination of granulomatous inflammation and
263:. These changes are thought to be a consequence of "activation" of the macrophage by the offending
1875:
2776:
2564:
2063:
1834:
689:
2907:
2504:
2309:
1894:
1829:
761:
693:
655:
1800:
2679:
2460:
2392:
2319:
2053:
1763:
1726:
838:, a skin disorder in dogs that results from dog's urge to lick the lower portion of their leg
536:
490:
373:, and cat-scratch disease. Examples of noninfectious granulomatous diseases are sarcoidosis,
247:) are the cells that define a granuloma. They often fuse to form multinucleated giant cells (
1320:
2842:
2704:
2656:
2485:
2470:
2349:
2299:
2282:
2233:
2004:
729:
716:
323:
212:
33:"Granulomatous" and "Granulomatous reactions" redirect here. For the adverse reaction, see
1162:
1145:
8:
2834:
2694:
2601:
2532:
2512:
2304:
2043:
1675:
551:
327:
248:
240:
to examine surgically removed and specially colored (stained) tissue under a microscope.
137:
98:
2714:
2527:
2423:
2100:
1773:
1619:
1592:
1568:
1543:
1524:
1512:
1481:
1433:
1400:
1376:
1352:"Monocyte recruitment, antigen degradation and localization in cutaneous leishmaniasis"
1351:
1183:
1092:
1075:
1029:
980:
934:
740:
640:
629:
495:
390:
374:
366:
307:
216:
208:
41:
1684:
1680:
2684:
2570:
2517:
2387:
2369:
2359:
1823:
1624:
1573:
1516:
1473:
1438:
1420:
1381:
1363:
1301:
1238:
1187:
1175:
1167:
1124:
1097:
1056:
1021:
972:
968:
926:
871:
829:
204:
180:
107:
1528:
1485:
1033:
984:
938:
2858:
2739:
2709:
2522:
2354:
2088:
2017:
1940:
1614:
1604:
1563:
1555:
1508:
1465:
1428:
1412:
1371:
1293:
1230:
1157:
1087:
1011:
964:
918:
624:
585:
407:
275:
256:
252:
81:
922:
2121:
1695:
1469:
841:
659:
infection in infants can cause potentially fatal disseminated granulomas, called
614:
590:
567:
219:, not granulomas. "Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma" is a lesion characterized by
188:
157:
2344:
2278:
1969:
1900:
835:
809:
519:
362:
358:
1559:
1416:
191:, this use of the term is not very specific. Examples of this use of the term
2896:
2877:
2863:
2804:
2334:
1974:
1945:
1783:
1424:
1367:
1171:
571:
370:
315:
133:
1665:
865:
2731:
2547:
2093:
2048:
1981:
1749:
1628:
1577:
1520:
1477:
1442:
1305:
1242:
1179:
1116:
1016:
999:
930:
875:
704:
598:
464:
350:
224:
149:
129:
1609:
1542:
Joyce S, Rao
Sripathi BH, Mampilly MO, Firdoose Nyer CS (September 2014).
1401:"Lessons from other diseases: granulomatous inflammation in leishmaniasis"
1385:
1025:
976:
2666:
2537:
2402:
2182:
1847:
1297:
1101:
1060:
604:
594:
574:
507:
378:
343:
339:
335:
295:
287:
283:
279:
237:
92:: pink) to make it visible. The granuloma in this picture was found in a
85:
77:
2167:
1648:
2744:
2174:
2068:
2022:
2012:
1963:
1853:
1817:
1219:"Granulomatous lung disease: an approach to the differential diagnosis"
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
785:
680:
430:
Granuloma without necrosis in a lymph node of a person with sarcoidosis
393:, and aspiration of food and other particulate material into the lung.
244:
200:
125:
93:
73:
1541:
1234:
274:
All granulomas, regardless of cause, may contain additional cells and
2229:
2214:
1911:
1906:
1701:
752:
549:
Cat-scratch disease is an infection caused by the bacterial organism
255:". This term refers to the vague resemblance of these macrophages to
169:
112:
1218:
1203:
1934:
1863:
1591:
El
Bouchti I, Ait Essi F, Abkari I, Latifi M, El Hassani S (2012).
789:
768:
619:
609:
402:
303:
299:
141:
69:
612:). Sarcoid granulomas often contain star-shaped structures called
401:
An important feature of granulomas is whether or not they contain
2726:
2671:
2058:
1858:
1706:
685:
477:
354:
314:
fungal disease, and granulomas with numerous neutrophils suggest
311:
264:
196:
153:
223:-like fibrosis in the lung and is not granulomatous. Similarly,
60:
2873:
2586:
2542:
2382:
2294:
1718:
1660:
907:
522:(acute histoplasmosis, histoplasmoma, chronic histoplasmosis).
220:
27:
Aggregation of immune cells in response to chronic inflammation
1590:
1986:
1768:
260:
184:
179:
in its more literal meaning: "a small nodule". Since a small
145:
89:
1284:
Iannuzzi M, Rybicki BA, Teirstein AS (2007). "Sarcoidosis".
954:
577:. It is believed to be caused by antibody cross-reactivity.
2364:
1955:
1778:
251:). The macrophages in granulomas are often referred to as "
128:(along with other cells) that forms in response to chronic
1455:
556:
172:, a granuloma is an organized collection of macrophages.
1283:
1123:(7th ed.). New York: Garland Science. p. 372.
779:
1498:
175:
In medical practice, doctors occasionally use the term
678:
Leishmaniases are a group of human diseases caused by
688:
bite can lead to granulomatous inflammation in skin (
2168:
Cutaneous keratosis, ulcer, atrophy, and necrobiosis
1638:
1146:"The Tuberculous Granuloma and Preexisting Immunity"
728:
Necrotizing granulomas can develop in patients with
2481:
Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis
1593:"Foreign Body Granuloma: A Diagnosis Not to Forget"
1076:"The granulomatous inflammatory response. A review"
2642:Lupus erythematosusâlichen planus overlap syndrome
864:Williams O, Fatima S (5 April 2020). "Granuloma".
1321:"Teen diagnoses her own disease in science class"
2894:
1046:
774:Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis
769:Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis
84:on the slide is stained with two standard dyes (
1216:
1143:
756:Granulomatous reaction to nylon suture material
2690:Morpheaâlichen sclerosus et atrophicus overlap
1114:
863:
2153:
1734:
1223:Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
1049:Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
950:
948:
798:eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
396:
387:eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
1349:
859:
857:
792:. Classic examples of such diseases include
2415:
1398:
1144:Cohen SB, Gern BH, Urdahl KB (2022-04-26).
997:
448:
2160:
2146:
1741:
1727:
945:
870:. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing.
59:
2254:Seborrheic keratosis with squamous atypia
1618:
1608:
1567:
1432:
1375:
1356:British Journal of Experimental Pathology
1161:
1091:
1015:
854:
747:
699:
647:
183:can represent any tissue from a harmless
2495:Interstitial granulomatous drug reaction
2466:Annular elastolytic giant-cell granuloma
2288:Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis
2271:Keratosis punctata of the palmar creases
1073:
751:
584:
35:interstitial granulomatous drug reaction
2340:Multiple minute digitate hyperkeratosis
2325:Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola
1603:. Hindawi Publishing Corporation: 1â2.
723:
711:
14:
2895:
2197:Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex
1501:American Journal of Surgical Pathology
1458:American Journal of Surgical Pathology
957:American Journal of Surgical Pathology
903:
901:
899:
897:
544:
2787:Atrophia maculosa varioliformis cutis
2491:Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis
2141:
1722:
1318:
1163:10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-125148
780:Granulomas associated with vasculitis
735:
518:Granulomas are seen in most forms of
494:can cause a rare infection known as "
483:
148:, as well as other materials such as
2315:Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans
2767:Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans
1350:Ridley MJ, Ridley DS (April 1986).
1200:dental decks part II Edited by Nour
894:
24:
2869:Poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans
2762:Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini
2700:Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini
1513:10.1097/01.pas.0000213418.08009.f9
1331:from the original on June 16, 2009
670:
635:
562:
501:
25:
2919:
2810:Reactive perforating collagenosis
2444:Granuloma annulare in HIV disease
1399:Kaye PM, Beattie L (2016-03-01).
529:
513:
488:The other Mycobacterium species,
2259:Reticulated seborrheic keratosis
1784:Loss of function (Functio laesa)
1748:
969:10.1097/00000478-198203000-00004
882:from the original on 23 May 2021
794:granulomatosis with polyangiitis
435:
423:
383:granulomatosis with polyangiitis
320:granulomatosis with polyangiitis
68:Picture of a granuloma (without
2825:Acquired perforating dermatosis
2815:Elastosis perforans serpiginosa
2755:JadassohnâPellizzari anetoderma
2054:Increased vascular permeability
1584:
1535:
1492:
1449:
1392:
1343:
1312:
1286:New England Journal of Medicine
1277:
1260:
1249:from the original on 2022-06-01
1217:Mukhopadhyay S, Gal AA (2010).
453:
215:, all of which are examples of
2249:Irritated seborrheic keratosis
2127:List of inflammatory disorders
2106:Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
1194:
1137:
1108:
1067:
1040:
991:
580:
13:
1:
2782:Linear atrophoderma of Moulin
2454:Patch-type granuloma annulare
2330:Inverted follicular keratosis
1268:International Surgery Journal
1080:American Journal of Pathology
923:10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200336
911:Journal of Clinical Pathology
847:
690:cutaneous form of the disease
661:granulomatosis infantiseptica
163:
2750:SchweningerâBuzzi anetoderma
2449:Localized granuloma annulare
1470:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181d9f16a
998:Hunter DC, Logie JR (1988).
803:
463:can cause the granulomas of
7:
2476:Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma
2375:Waxy keratosis of childhood
2244:Common seborrheic keratosis
2239:Clonal seborrheic keratosis
2221:Keratoderma blennorrhagicum
1597:Case Reports in Orthopedics
1405:Seminars in Immunopathology
1150:Annual Review of Immunology
823:
684:genus and transmitted by a
10:
2924:
2192:Paraneoplastic keratoderma
1004:British Journal of Surgery
471:
460:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
443:specific for tuberculosis.
397:Caseating vs non-caseating
292:multinucleated giant cells
243:Macrophages (specifically
31:
2851:
2833:
2795:
2725:
2665:
2600:
2585:
2556:
2503:
2414:
2401:
2264:Dermatosis papulosa nigra
2187:Keratoderma climactericum
2173:
2114:
2081:
2036:
2003:
1922:
1883:
1874:
1808:
1799:
1792:
1756:
1642:
1560:10.1007/s12663-010-0113-9
1417:10.1007/s00281-015-0548-7
1319:Cohen E (June 11, 2009).
832:, i.e. "throat granuloma"
106:
67:
58:
53:
2820:Perforating folliculitis
2772:Semicircular lipoatrophy
2209:Drug-induced keratoderma
1810:Plasma-derived mediators
1544:"Foreign Body Granuloma"
816: 'small grain' and
449:Diseases with granulomas
40:Not to be confused with
2777:Follicular atrophoderma
2565:eosinophilic dermatosis
2064:Leukocyte extravasation
1121:Janeway's immunobiology
132:. This occurs when the
2505:Foreign body granuloma
2416:Necrobiotic/palisading
2310:Chronic scar keratosis
1876:Cell-derived mediators
1548:J Maxillofac Oral Surg
1327:. Cable News Network.
1017:10.1002/bjs.1800751140
762:foreign-body granuloma
757:
748:Foreign-body granuloma
700:Pneumocystis pneumonia
656:Listeria monocytogenes
649:Listeria monocytogenes
601:
419:Necrosis in granulomas
2680:Localized scleroderma
2461:Necrobiosis lipoidica
2393:Cutis verticis gyrata
2320:Hydrocarbon keratosis
2204:Aquagenic keratoderma
1925:synthesized on demand
808:The term is from
755:
588:
491:Mycobacterium marinum
124:is an aggregation of
2903:Anatomical pathology
2843:Pyoderma gangrenosum
2705:Pansclerotic morphea
2486:Rheumatoid nodulosis
2471:Granuloma multiforme
2350:Reactional keratosis
2300:Ichthyosis acquisita
2283:Acanthosis nigricans
2234:Seborrheic keratosis
2175:Epidermal thickening
2044:Acute-phase reaction
1298:10.1056/NEJMra071714
730:rheumatoid arthritis
724:Rheumatoid arthritis
717:Aspiration pneumonia
712:Aspiration pneumonia
575:pharyngeal infection
324:aspiration pneumonia
213:intubation granuloma
203:granuloma (known as
138:infectious organisms
96:of a patient with a
72:) as seen through a
2695:Generalized morphea
2533:Zirconium granuloma
2513:Beryllium granuloma
2381:other hypertrophy:
2335:Lichenoid keratosis
2305:Arsenical keratosis
1610:10.1155/2012/439836
552:Bartonella henselae
545:Cat-scratch disease
328:cat-scratch disease
249:Langhans giant cell
227:often use the term
99:Mycobacterium avium
2715:Linear scleroderma
2528:Silicone granuloma
2424:Granuloma annulare
2101:C-reactive protein
1115:Murphy K, Paul T,
1000:"Suture granuloma"
758:
741:Granuloma annulare
736:Granuloma annulare
630:pulmonary fibrosis
622:structures termed
602:
496:aquarium granuloma
484:Aquarium granuloma
391:rheumatoid nodules
367:coccidioidomycosis
308:coccidioidomycosis
217:granulation tissue
209:pyogenic granuloma
42:Granulation tissue
2890:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2685:Localized morphea
2657:Rowell's syndrome
2581:
2580:
2571:Granuloma faciale
2518:Mercury granuloma
2388:Hypertrophic scar
2370:Warty dyskeratoma
2360:Thermal keratosis
2135:
2134:
2077:
2076:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1895:Lysosome granules
1716:
1715:
1292:(21): 2153â2165.
1235:10.5858/134.5.667
1130:978-0-8153-4123-9
1074:Adams DO (1976).
1010:(11): 1149â1150.
830:Contact granuloma
413:turning to cheese
205:contact granuloma
118:
117:
48:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2915:
2859:Calcinosis cutis
2740:Lichen sclerosus
2710:Morphea profunda
2598:
2597:
2523:Silica granuloma
2412:
2411:
2355:Stucco keratosis
2162:
2155:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2089:Full blood count
2018:Epithelioid cell
1927:
1888:
1881:
1880:
1806:
1805:
1797:
1796:
1774:Swelling (Tumor)
1764:Flushing (Rubor)
1743:
1736:
1729:
1720:
1719:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1571:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1436:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1379:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1281:
1275:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1214:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1165:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1095:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1019:
995:
989:
988:
952:
943:
942:
905:
892:
891:
889:
887:
861:
625:Schaumann bodies
439:
427:
312:bronchopulmonary
278:. These include
257:epithelial cells
63:
51:
50:
45:
38:
21:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2882:
2847:
2829:
2791:
2730:
2721:
2670:
2661:
2603:
2602:Cutaneous lupus
2590:
2577:
2557:Other/ungrouped
2552:
2499:
2397:
2365:Viral keratosis
2169:
2166:
2136:
2131:
2122:Lymphadenopathy
2110:
2073:
2032:
1991:
1923:
1918:
1901:biogenic amines
1884:
1870:
1788:
1752:
1747:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1651:
1637:
1636:
1589:
1585:
1540:
1536:
1497:
1493:
1454:
1450:
1397:
1393:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1317:
1313:
1282:
1278:
1274:(6), 2036-2038.
1265:
1261:
1252:
1250:
1215:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1113:
1109:
1072:
1068:
1045:
1041:
996:
992:
953:
946:
906:
895:
885:
883:
862:
855:
850:
842:Sperm granuloma
826:
806:
782:
771:
750:
738:
726:
714:
702:
676:
652:
641:Crohn's disease
638:
636:Crohn's disease
615:asteroid bodies
591:asteroid bodies
583:
568:Rheumatic fever
565:
563:Rheumatic fever
547:
532:
516:
504:
502:Schistosomiasis
486:
474:
456:
451:
444:
440:
431:
428:
399:
375:Crohn's disease
271:be granulomas.
189:malignant tumor
166:
150:foreign objects
49:
46:
39:
32:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2921:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2676:
2674:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2606:
2595:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2420:
2418:
2409:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2345:PUVA keratosis
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2279:hyperkeratosis
2274:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1975:Prostaglandins
1972:
1970:Leukotriene B4
1960:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1698:
1687:
1668:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:Classification
1635:
1634:
1583:
1534:
1507:(5): 752â759.
1491:
1464:(5): 730â734.
1448:
1411:(2): 249â260.
1391:
1362:(2): 209â218.
1342:
1311:
1276:
1259:
1229:(5): 669â690.
1202:
1193:
1156:(1): 589â614.
1136:
1129:
1107:
1086:(1): 164â191.
1066:
1055:(4): 174â177.
1039:
990:
963:(2): 119â129.
944:
893:
852:
851:
849:
846:
845:
844:
839:
836:Lick granuloma
833:
825:
822:
805:
802:
781:
778:
770:
767:
749:
746:
737:
734:
725:
722:
713:
710:
701:
698:
675:
669:
651:
646:
637:
634:
582:
579:
564:
561:
546:
543:
531:
530:Cryptococcosis
528:
520:histoplasmosis
515:
514:Histoplasmosis
512:
503:
500:
485:
482:
473:
470:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
445:
441:
434:
432:
429:
422:
420:
398:
395:
363:cryptococcosis
359:histoplasmosis
165:
162:
116:
115:
110:
104:
103:
65:
64:
56:
55:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2920:
2909:
2908:Inflammations
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2879:
2878:Pseudo-ainhum
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Sclerodactyly
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2805:Kyrle disease
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2604:erythematosus
2599:
2596:
2594:
2588:
2584:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1769:Fever (Calor)
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1132:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
994:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
951:
949:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
904:
902:
900:
898:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:
860:
858:
853:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
827:
821:
819:
815:
811:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
777:
775:
766:
763:
754:
745:
742:
733:
731:
721:
718:
709:
706:
697:
695:
692:) and liver (
691:
687:
683:
682:
673:
668:
666:
662:
658:
657:
650:
645:
642:
633:
631:
627:
626:
621:
617:
616:
611:
606:
600:
599:H&E stain
596:
592:
587:
578:
576:
573:
572:streptococcal
569:
560:
558:
554:
553:
542:
539:
538:
527:
525:
521:
511:
509:
499:
497:
493:
492:
481:
479:
469:
466:
462:
461:
438:
433:
426:
421:
418:
417:
416:
414:
410:
409:
404:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:blastomycosis
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:blastomycosis
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
173:
171:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
134:immune system
131:
127:
123:
114:
111:
109:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
66:
62:
57:
52:
43:
36:
30:
19:
2732:atrophoderma
2618:Panniculitis
2563:
2548:Carbon stain
2439:Subcutaneous
2406:
2213:
2094:Leukocytosis
2049:Vasodilation
2027:
1982:Nitric oxide
1962:
1933:
1924:
1899:
1885:
1846:
1822:
1779:Pain (Dolor)
1750:Inflammation
1700:
1689:
1670:
1655:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1554:(3): 351â4.
1551:
1547:
1537:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1333:. Retrieved
1324:
1314:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1251:. Retrieved
1226:
1222:
1196:
1153:
1149:
1139:
1120:
1110:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1007:
1003:
993:
960:
956:
917:(1): 51â57.
914:
910:
884:. Retrieved
866:
817:
813:
807:
783:
772:
759:
739:
727:
715:
705:Pneumocystis
703:
679:
677:
671:
664:
663:, following
654:
653:
648:
639:
623:
613:
603:
566:
550:
548:
537:Cryptococcus
535:
533:
523:
517:
505:
489:
487:
475:
465:tuberculosis
458:
457:
454:Tuberculosis
412:
411:(literally:
406:
400:
389:, pulmonary
351:tuberculosis
348:
332:
310:or allergic
273:
269:
242:
233:
228:
225:radiologists
192:
176:
174:
167:
130:inflammation
121:
119:
97:
29:
2797:Perforating
2667:Scleroderma
2635:ungrouped:
2538:Soot tattoo
2434:Generalized
2429:Perforating
2403:Necrobiosis
2183:keratoderma
1964:eicosanoids
1848:coagulation
667:infection.
605:Sarcoidosis
595:sarcoidosis
581:Sarcoidosis
524:Histoplasma
508:schistosome
379:berylliosis
344:sarcoidosis
340:eosinophils
336:neutrophils
296:fibroblasts
288:eosinophils
284:neutrophils
280:lymphocytes
253:epithelioid
245:histiocytes
238:pathologist
236:requires a
160:fragments.
126:macrophages
86:hematoxylin
78:glass slide
18:Granulomata
2897:Categories
2835:Skin ulcer
2745:Anetoderma
2611:chronic:
2591:localized
2069:Chemotaxis
2023:Giant cell
2013:Macrophage
1854:Factor XII
1824:complement
1818:Bradykinin
1325:CNN Health
1253:2022-05-01
886:2 December
867:StatPearls
848:References
786:vasculitis
681:Leishmania
672:Leishmania
201:vocal cord
164:Definition
140:including
102:infection.
94:lymph node
74:microscope
2652:Verrucous
2637:Chilblain
2407:granuloma
2230:keratosis
2215:psoriasis
2028:Granuloma
1935:cytokines
1912:Serotonin
1907:Histamine
1886:preformed
1793:Mechanism
1702:SNOMED CT
1425:1863-2300
1368:0007-1021
1188:246651980
1172:0732-0582
804:Etymology
408:caseation
234:granuloma
229:granuloma
199:known as
193:granuloma
177:granuloma
170:pathology
122:granuloma
113:Pathology
108:Specialty
54:Granuloma
2727:Atrophic
2629:Neonatal
2625:subacute
1864:Thrombin
1757:Symptoms
1707:45647009
1629:23259122
1578:25018614
1529:45207101
1521:17460460
1486:25202257
1478:20414100
1443:26678994
1335:June 21,
1329:Archived
1306:18032765
1247:Archived
1243:20441499
1180:35130029
1119:(2008).
1034:12804852
985:12907076
939:28504428
931:22011444
880:Archived
876:32119473
824:See also
814:grÄnulum
790:necrosis
694:visceral
665:in utero
620:lamellar
610:fibrosis
403:necrosis
304:fibrosis
300:collagen
195:are the
142:bacteria
88:: blue,
70:necrosis
2672:Morphea
2613:Discoid
2115:General
2059:Exudate
2005:Chronic
1859:Plasmin
1696:D006099
1620:3505897
1569:4082545
1434:4779128
1386:3707851
1377:2013155
1093:2032357
1026:3208057
977:7102892
686:sandfly
478:leprosy
472:Leprosy
355:leprosy
265:antigen
197:lesions
154:keratin
2874:Ainhum
2587:Dermis
2543:Tattoo
2383:Keloid
2295:Callus
2277:other
1987:Kinins
1627:
1617:
1576:
1566:
1527:
1519:
1484:
1476:
1441:
1431:
1423:
1384:
1374:
1366:
1304:
1241:
1186:
1178:
1170:
1127:
1117:Mark W
1102:937513
1100:
1090:
1061:580709
1059:
1032:
1024:
983:
975:
937:
929:
874:
298:, and
276:matrix
221:keloid
211:, and
181:nodule
158:suture
156:, and
82:tissue
80:: The
2852:Other
2647:Tumid
2082:Tests
2037:Other
1951:TNF-α
1941:IFN-Îł
1801:Acute
1685:709.4
1681:686.1
1525:S2CID
1482:S2CID
1184:S2CID
1030:S2CID
981:S2CID
935:S2CID
812:
810:Latin
534:When
506:Some
326:, or
261:eosin
187:to a
185:nevus
146:fungi
90:eosin
76:on a
1956:IL-1
1946:IL-8
1691:MeSH
1676:9-CM
1625:PMID
1601:2012
1574:PMID
1517:PMID
1474:PMID
1439:PMID
1421:ISSN
1382:PMID
1364:ISSN
1337:2009
1302:PMID
1239:PMID
1176:PMID
1168:ISSN
1125:ISBN
1098:PMID
1057:PMID
1022:PMID
973:PMID
927:PMID
888:2020
872:PMID
818:-oma
796:and
674:spp.
589:Two
338:and
144:and
2593:CTD
1840:MAC
1835:C5a
1672:ICD
1666:L92
1657:ICD
1615:PMC
1605:doi
1564:PMC
1556:doi
1509:doi
1466:doi
1429:PMC
1413:doi
1372:PMC
1294:doi
1290:357
1231:doi
1227:134
1158:doi
1088:PMC
1053:102
1012:doi
965:doi
919:doi
618:or
593:in
557:pus
498:".
476:In
346:).
207:),
168:In
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1830:C3
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