171:
41:
69:
3245:
2824:
2187:
1018:
1004:
977:
963:
936:
922:
897:
883:
856:
842:
817:
803:
778:
764:
739:
725:
700:
686:
661:
647:
622:
608:
583:
569:
544:
530:
505:
491:
466:
452:
421:
407:
382:
368:
343:
329:
304:
290:
154:. Such a coalition was in power in 1923 and from 1928 until 1930, although the latter was a conglomerate of parties with somewhat conflicting interests that banded together as a safeguard for democracy against the radical political parties, the
42:
162:. In March 1930, the Great Coalition broke apart, with the resignation of the Social Democrats over the contentious issue of increasing employees' national insurance contributions at a time when wages were falling.
1094:
of the CDU. The grand coalition was in control of 90% of the
Bundestag (468 of 518 seats), leaving some politically active students disillusioned; this disillusionment led to the formation of the
70:
1345:
Kommt Rot-Grün, wie es fast alle erwarten, oder doch Rot-Schwarz? Wie würde es wohl aussehen, ein
Hamburg mit einem Regierungsbündnis, das man früher als 'Große Koalition' bezeichnet hätte?
1662:
2223:
1147:, a third grand coalition was formed by the CDU/CSU and the SPD. Again it would have been numerically possible to form a center-left government with the SPD, Greens, and
2860:
1179:
Historically grand coalitions have been quite frequent at state level. Currently, only two of the sixteen states have never been governed by a grand coalition:
1114:, neither of the traditional coalitions could form a majority government. A larger centre-left coalition was possible, comprising the SPD, Greens, and the
1564:
1655:
1230:(in office since September 2021) is supported by CDU, SPD and FDP, the first "Germany coalition" in the country since December 1959, after the fifth
1483:
2996:
2986:
2971:
2951:
2216:
2961:
2853:
1913:
3279:
3248:
3176:
2827:
2190:
2118:
1648:
170:
3161:
2113:
3284:
2209:
2846:
3289:
2350:
3181:
2123:
1369:
1456:
1589:
1115:
1671:
1538:
1206:
1079:
80:
1429:
2765:
1095:
2232:
1202:
1075:
139:
92:
1510:
1132:
as chancellor and an equal number of cabinet seats for each party. The chancellor was elected on 22 November, and the
99:
in most state and federal elections since 1949. The meaning of the term may change due to the growth of some formerly
2869:
633:
594:
555:
516:
477:
438:
393:
354:
315:
276:
243:
135:
88:
1403:
3206:
2760:
2148:
1119:
2885:
1328:
3191:
2806:
2133:
1087:
107:
117:
3274:
3269:
3227:
3196:
2169:
2138:
1168:
1164:
1144:
1137:
1111:
1029:
990:
949:
908:
869:
828:
789:
750:
711:
672:
1128:). Consequently, the leaders of the SPD and the CDU/CSU agreed to form a grand coalition, with CDU leader
122:), with the party colors matching the flag of Germany: black for CDU/CSU, red for SPD and yellow for FDP.
1620:
1124:
1171:); however, negotiations failed, and the CDU/CSU and SPD ultimately agreed to a fourth grand coalition.
1086:. It was the result of arguments about tax increases between the CDU/CSU–FDP coalition of the time. The
3201:
3016:
2750:
2143:
2103:
1973:
1799:
1247:
1160:
155:
76:
2711:
3232:
2811:
2570:
2555:
2174:
1258:
2706:
1697:
3186:
2796:
2525:
2128:
151:
63:
35:
3151:
3063:
3053:
2575:
2301:
2015:
2005:
1099:
147:
3068:
3058:
3048:
2801:
2770:
2694:
2488:
2020:
2010:
2000:
1262:
1184:
143:
3134:
3124:
3080:
3011:
2728:
2699:
2689:
2682:
2086:
2076:
2032:
1842:
1832:
1118:(PDS); but the SPD desired to exclude the PDS, the successor party to East Germany's ruling
3129:
3119:
3075:
2956:
2723:
2718:
2677:
2081:
2071:
2027:
1774:
1738:
1215:
1091:
179:
2610:
2565:
2464:
2449:
1867:
1789:
8:
3107:
3097:
2941:
2900:
2337:
2059:
2049:
1309:
1252:
196:
2444:
2380:
3112:
3102:
3092:
3021:
2620:
2064:
2054:
2044:
1148:
3086:
2671:
2545:
2540:
2454:
2424:
2201:
2038:
1379:
1151:(the successor party to the PDS), but a grand coalition was formed instead. The term
2590:
1923:
1687:
2580:
2550:
2520:
2439:
2434:
2414:
2279:
1629:
1133:
2655:
2429:
2289:
1963:
1294:
3026:
2775:
2640:
2560:
2515:
2409:
2332:
2259:
1943:
1918:
1887:
1827:
1764:
1728:
1712:
1268:
1227:
131:
111:
51:
23:
3006:
2925:
1707:
2976:
2920:
2910:
2734:
2650:
2535:
2530:
2497:
2469:
2375:
1958:
1892:
1872:
1862:
1837:
1809:
1633:
1488:
1461:
1407:
1231:
183:
1928:
3263:
3001:
2946:
2645:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2585:
2479:
2474:
1953:
1948:
1938:
1882:
1877:
1852:
1847:
1804:
1794:
1779:
1769:
1748:
1733:
1692:
1640:
1383:
1223:
1198:
1129:
3166:
3031:
2981:
2895:
2493:
2484:
2419:
2370:
2345:
2284:
1978:
1968:
1933:
1702:
1083:
175:
3156:
2991:
2966:
2915:
2905:
2838:
2615:
2385:
2108:
1983:
1857:
1784:
1743:
1515:
1434:
1190:
As of July 2024, two states are currently governed by a grand coalition:
100:
96:
1090:
ministers stood down and a new government was formed with the SPD under
3171:
2890:
1908:
1618:
Helms, Ludger (2006). "The Grand
Coalition: Precedents and Prospects".
159:
2459:
1273:
204:
1542:
1374:
1333:
1486:[Reform Programme: Merkel promises far-reaching relief].
1406:[Background: The grand coalition 1966-1969] (in German).
1180:
1167:, the CDU/CSU initially entered talks with the FDP and Greens (a
84:
1590:"CDU, SPD und FDP in Sachsen-Anhalt einigen sich auf Koalition"
1235:
1194:
1140:, when a coalition was agreed between the CDU/CSU and the FDP.
16:
Term in German politics about coalition between SPD and CDU/CSU
2755:
1211:
1539:"Angela Merkel Ready to Move Forward with Jamaica Coalition"
1484:"Reformprogramm: Merkel verspricht weitreichende Entlastung"
1459:[Chancellor Election: Merkel on the home stretch.].
1310:"Bürgerschaftswahl in Hamburg: Ist Schwarz das neue Grün?"
1218:(since 18 January 2024) also supported by the SPD and CDU
1105:
1565:"Few cheers at home for Germany's last-resort coalition"
2231:
1074:
On 1 December 1966, the government was formed by the
1432:[How the first grand coalition came about].
1370:"Bundesregierung: Die Große Koalition ist besiegelt"
1329:"Hamburger Politik: Wird die SPD den Grünen untreu?"
203:) have been formed at the federal level through the
1295:"Mögliche Koalitionen nach der Bundestagswahl 2021"
1102:. The Kiesinger grand coalition lasted until 1969.
1136:took office. The grand coalition lasted until the
3261:
1513:["GroKo" is the word of the year 2013].
1372:[The grand coalition (deal) is sealed].
1069:
1670:
125:
2854:
2217:
1656:
138:" was used for a coalition that included the
95:(SPD), since they have historically been the
3162:Association of Christian Democratic Students
2114:Association of Christian Democratic Students
1404:"Hintergrund: Die große Koalition 1966-1969"
75:) is a term in German politics describing a
3177:Christian Democratic Employees' Association
2119:Christian Democratic Employees' Association
165:
106:If the coalition also includes the liberal
2868:
2861:
2847:
2224:
2210:
1663:
1649:
1457:"Kanzler-Wahl: Merkel auf der Zielgeraden"
1326:
1082:, the two major political parties in the
110:(FDP), it is called "Germany coalition" (
3182:Evangelical Working Group of the CDU/CSU
2124:Evangelical Working Group of the CDU/CSU
1430:"Wie die erste große Koalition entstand"
169:
1562:
1201:(since 27 April 2023) supported by the
3262:
1511:""GroKo" ist das Wort des Jahres 2013"
1428:Sturm, Daniel Friedrich (2005-09-27).
1307:
1106:Merkel cabinets (2005–2009, 2013–2021)
3280:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
2842:
2205:
1644:
1617:
1427:
1110:After the inconclusive result of the
1080:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
62:
34:
1536:
1364:
1362:
1356:'The Third Reich' by D.G. Williamson
1563:Escritt, Thomas (8 February 2018).
210:
13:
3285:Social Democratic Party of Germany
2234:Social Democratic Party of Germany
1611:
1308:Carini, Marco (22 February 2020).
1076:Social Democratic Party of Germany
14:
3301:
1843:Heinrich von Brentano di Tremezzo
1833:Heinrich von Brentano di Tremezzo
1359:
174:Ten years after their coalition:
89:Christian Social Union of Bavaria
3290:Political terminology in Germany
3244:
3243:
2823:
2822:
2761:German Trade Union Confederation
2186:
2185:
1327:Drieschner, Frank (2020-03-09).
1096:Außerparlamentarische Opposition
1017:
1016:
1003:
1002:
976:
975:
962:
961:
935:
934:
921:
920:
896:
895:
882:
881:
855:
854:
841:
840:
816:
815:
802:
801:
777:
776:
763:
762:
738:
737:
724:
723:
699:
698:
685:
684:
660:
659:
646:
645:
621:
620:
607:
606:
582:
581:
568:
567:
543:
542:
529:
528:
504:
503:
490:
489:
465:
464:
451:
450:
420:
419:
406:
405:
381:
380:
367:
366:
342:
341:
328:
327:
303:
302:
289:
288:
190:
3192:Centrist Democrat International
2134:Centrist Democrat International
1582:
1556:
1537:Paun, Carmen (7 October 2017).
1530:
1503:
182:(center), with then Chancellor
36:[ˈɡʁoːsəkoaliˈt͡si̯oːn]
1476:
1449:
1421:
1396:
1350:
1320:
1301:
1287:
1174:
1:
3207:European People's Party group
2341:(as Reich Minister President)
2149:European People's Party group
1465:(in German). 22 November 2005
1280:
1116:Party of Democratic Socialism
1070:Kiesinger cabinet (1966–1969)
3197:International Democrat Union
2139:International Democrat Union
1112:2005 German federal election
237:
219:
7:
1621:German Politics and Society
1261:(Grand coalition including
1241:
1098:which formed a core of the
1084:Federal Republic of Germany
134:of 1919 to 1933, the term "
126:Weimar Republic (1919–1933)
10:
3306:
3017:Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg
2751:Friedrich Ebert Foundation
2104:Konrad Adenauer Foundation
1974:Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer
1800:Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer
1673:Christian Democratic Union
1634:10.3167/104503006780935234
1248:German governing coalition
1122:, from government (i.e. a
81:Christian Democratic Union
3241:
3215:
3144:
3040:
2934:
2878:
2820:
2784:
2743:
2664:
2599:
2506:
2398:
2359:
2321:
2314:
2268:
2248:
2241:
2183:
2157:
2096:
1992:
1901:
1818:
1757:
1721:
1680:
1378:(in German). 2013-12-16.
199:, four grand coalitions (
3187:Economic Council Germany
3145:Affiliated organisations
2797:Social-liberal coalition
2744:Affiliated organisations
2129:Economic Council Germany
2097:Affiliated organisations
166:Federal Republic (1949–)
146:and the liberal parties
3202:European People's Party
3152:Hanns Seidel Foundation
2807:Red–red–green coalition
2766:Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund
2576:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
2302:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
2144:European People's Party
1596:(in German). 2021-08-09
1519:(in German). 2013-12-13
1492:(in German). 2009-10-24
1100:German student movement
140:Social Democratic Party
116:Deutschland-Koalition (
93:Social Democratic Party
2871:Christian Social Union
2771:Parlamentarische Linke
2489:Norbert Walter-Borjans
1698:Richard von Weizsäcker
1185:North Rhine-Westphalia
1163:in Germany. After the
431:Government (1966-1969)
238:Status in legislature
187:
115:
55:
27:
3012:Christine Haderthauer
2315:Chancellor of Germany
1722:Chancellor of Germany
1314:Die Tageszeitung: Taz
1276:(Netherlands/Belgium)
1138:2009 federal election
1120:Socialist Unity Party
997:403 / 735 (55%)
956:399 / 709 (56%)
915:504 / 631 (80%)
876:385 / 622 (62%)
835:448 / 614 (73%)
796:499 / 603 (83%)
757:543 / 669 (81%)
718:546 / 672 (81%)
679:558 / 662 (84%)
640:409 / 497 (82%)
601:437 / 498 (88%)
562:444 / 497 (89%)
523:457 / 496 (92%)
484:455 / 496 (92%)
445:466 / 496 (94%)
400:447 / 496 (90%)
361:432 / 499 (87%)
322:439 / 497 (88%)
283:394 / 487 (81%)
250:270 / 402 (67%)
173:
108:Free Democratic Party
2957:Friedrich Zimmermann
2242:President of Germany
1775:Kurt Georg Kiesinger
1739:Kurt Georg Kiesinger
1681:President of Germany
1216:second Rhein cabinet
1092:Kurt Georg Kiesinger
180:Kurt Georg Kiesinger
3275:Centrism in Germany
3270:Cabinets of Germany
2942:Franz Josef Strauss
2935:General Secretaries
2901:Franz Josef Strauss
2802:Red–green coalition
2600:General Secretaries
2338:Philipp Scheidemann
1902:General Secretaries
1253:Historic Compromise
216:
197:politics of Germany
77:governing coalition
3022:Alexander Dobrindt
2621:Klaus Uwe Benneter
1134:1st Merkel Cabinet
1036:0 / 630 (0%)
215:
188:
64:[ˈɡʁoːkoː]
3257:
3256:
3228:Jamaica coalition
2836:
2835:
2611:Franz Müntefering
2566:Franz Müntefering
2546:Hans-Ulrich Klose
2541:Hans-Jochen Vogel
2465:Franz Müntefering
2455:Matthias Platzeck
2450:Franz Müntefering
2425:Hans-Jochen Vogel
2394:
2393:
2310:
2309:
2199:
2198:
2170:Jamaica coalition
1868:Wolfgang Schäuble
1790:Wolfgang Schäuble
1169:Jamaica coalition
1159:) was named 2013
1067:
1066:
433:
201:Große Koalitionen
103:in recent years.
83:(CDU) along with
50:
3297:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3216:Related articles
2872:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2785:Related articles
2604:
2581:Thomas Oppermann
2551:Rudolf Scharping
2521:Erich Ollenhauer
2445:Gerhard Schröder
2440:Oskar Lafontaine
2435:Rudolf Scharping
2415:Erich Ollenhauer
2403:
2399:Federal chairmen
2381:Gerhard Schröder
2364:
2360:Federal Republic
2342:
2326:
2319:
2318:
2298:
2280:Gustav Heinemann
2273:
2269:Federal Republic
2253:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2158:Related articles
1758:Federal chairmen
1674:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1586:
1580:
1579:
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1507:
1501:
1500:
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1497:
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1473:
1471:
1470:
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1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1366:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1228:Haseloff cabinet
1161:word of the year
1155:(shortening for
1125:cordon sanitaire
1037:
1020:
1019:
1006:
1005:
998:
979:
978:
965:
964:
957:
938:
937:
924:
923:
916:
899:
898:
885:
884:
877:
858:
857:
844:
843:
836:
819:
818:
805:
804:
797:
780:
779:
766:
765:
758:
741:
740:
727:
726:
719:
702:
701:
688:
687:
680:
663:
662:
649:
648:
641:
624:
623:
610:
609:
602:
585:
584:
571:
570:
563:
546:
545:
532:
531:
524:
507:
506:
493:
492:
485:
468:
467:
454:
453:
446:
429:
423:
422:
409:
408:
401:
384:
383:
370:
369:
362:
345:
344:
331:
330:
323:
306:
305:
292:
291:
284:
251:
217:
214:
211:Election Results
195:In the post-war
148:Democratic Party
85:its sister party
74:
73:
72:
66:
61:
48:
46:
45:
44:
38:
33:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3237:
3233:Kenya coalition
3223:Grand coalition
3211:
3140:
3036:
3027:Andreas Scheuer
2930:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2816:
2812:Kenya coalition
2792:Grand coalition
2780:
2776:Seeheimer Kreis
2739:
2660:
2641:Katarina Barley
2602:
2601:
2595:
2561:Ludwig Stiegler
2516:Kurt Schumacher
2508:
2507:Leaders in the
2502:
2410:Kurt Schumacher
2401:
2400:
2390:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2340:
2333:Friedrich Ebert
2324:
2323:
2322:Weimar Republic
2306:
2292:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2260:Friedrich Ebert
2251:
2250:
2249:Weimar Republic
2237:
2233:
2230:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2179:
2175:Kenya coalition
2165:Grand coalition
2153:
2092:
1988:
1944:Ruprecht Polenz
1919:Kurt Biedenkopf
1897:
1888:Ralph Brinkhaus
1828:Konrad Adenauer
1820:
1819:Leaders in the
1814:
1765:Konrad Adenauer
1753:
1729:Konrad Adenauer
1717:
1713:Christian Wulff
1676:
1672:
1669:
1614:
1612:Further reading
1609:
1608:
1599:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1520:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1495:
1493:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1468:
1466:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1441:
1439:
1426:
1422:
1413:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1386:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1339:
1337:
1325:
1321:
1306:
1302:
1297:. 2 April 2019.
1293:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1269:Grand coalition
1259:Kenya coalition
1244:
1238:was dissolved.
1177:
1157:Große Koalition
1108:
1072:
1038:
1035:
999:
996:
958:
955:
917:
914:
878:
875:
837:
834:
798:
795:
759:
756:
720:
717:
681:
678:
642:
639:
603:
600:
564:
561:
525:
522:
486:
483:
447:
444:
428:
402:
399:
363:
360:
324:
321:
285:
282:
252:
249:
232:Share of votes
213:
193:
168:
156:Communist Party
142:, the Catholic
136:Great Coalition
132:Weimar Republic
128:
79:of the parties
68:
67:
59:
40:
39:
31:
28:Große Koalition
20:Grand coalition
17:
12:
11:
5:
3303:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3255:
3254:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2997:Bernd Protzner
2994:
2989:
2987:Gerold Tandler
2984:
2979:
2977:Edmund Stoiber
2974:
2972:Gerold Tandler
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2952:Heinz Lechmann
2949:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2921:Horst Seehofer
2918:
2913:
2911:Edmund Stoiber
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2651:Lars Klingbeil
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2591:Rolf Mützenich
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2536:Herbert Wehner
2533:
2531:Helmut Schmidt
2528:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2498:Lars Klingbeil
2491:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2470:Sigmar Gabriel
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2376:Helmut Schmidt
2373:
2367:
2365:
2363:(1949–present)
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2351:Hermann Müller
2348:
2343:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2272:(1949–present)
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1959:Ronald Pofalla
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1924:Heiner Geißler
1921:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1893:Friedrich Merz
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1873:Friedrich Merz
1870:
1865:
1863:Alfred Dregger
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1838:Heinrich Krone
1835:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1810:Friedrich Merz
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1754:
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1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1688:Heinrich Lübke
1684:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1581:
1555:
1529:
1502:
1489:Spiegel Online
1475:
1462:Spiegel Online
1448:
1420:
1408:Deutsche Welle
1395:
1358:
1349:
1319:
1300:
1285:
1284:
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1277:
1271:
1266:
1256:
1250:
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1240:
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1209:
1176:
1173:
1143:Following the
1107:
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1071:
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1000:
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926:
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893:
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887:
879:
874:
872:
866:
865:
860:
852:
849:
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838:
833:
831:
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821:
813:
810:
807:
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794:
792:
786:
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782:
774:
771:
768:
760:
755:
753:
747:
746:
743:
735:
732:
729:
721:
716:
714:
708:
707:
704:
696:
693:
690:
682:
677:
675:
669:
668:
665:
657:
654:
651:
643:
638:
636:
630:
629:
626:
618:
615:
612:
604:
599:
597:
591:
590:
587:
579:
576:
573:
565:
560:
558:
552:
551:
548:
540:
537:
534:
526:
521:
519:
513:
512:
509:
501:
498:
495:
487:
482:
480:
474:
473:
470:
462:
459:
456:
448:
443:
441:
435:
434:
425:
417:
414:
411:
403:
398:
396:
390:
389:
386:
378:
375:
372:
364:
359:
357:
351:
350:
347:
339:
336:
333:
325:
320:
318:
312:
311:
308:
300:
297:
294:
286:
281:
279:
273:
272:
269:
264:
261:
258:
253:
248:
246:
240:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
212:
209:
192:
189:
184:Helmut Schmidt
167:
164:
152:People's Party
127:
124:
91:(CSU) and the
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3302:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3252:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3002:Thomas Goppel
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2962:Anton Jaumann
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2947:Josef Brunner
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2831:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2656:Kevin Kühnert
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2646:Hubertus Heil
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2636:Yasmin Fahimi
2634:
2632:
2631:Andrea Nahles
2629:
2627:
2626:Hubertus Heil
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Andrea Nahles
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2480:Andrea Nahles
2478:
2476:
2475:Martin Schulz
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:Björn Engholm
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2397:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2290:Jens Böhrnsen
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2194:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:Hermann Gröhe
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1954:Volker Kauder
1952:
1950:
1949:Laurenz Meyer
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:Angela Merkel
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:Konrad Kraske
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1883:Volker Kauder
1881:
1879:
1878:Angela Merkel
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:Karl Carstens
1851:
1849:
1848:Rainer Barzel
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:Armin Laschet
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1795:Angela Merkel
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1780:Rainer Barzel
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1770:Ludwig Erhard
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1749:Angela Merkel
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1734:Ludwig Erhard
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:Karl Carstens
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1424:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1353:
1346:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1232:Kaisen senate
1229:
1225:
1224:Saxony-Anhalt
1217:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1199:Wegner senate
1196:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1165:2017 election
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:2013 election
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:Angela Merkel
1127:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1001:
994:
992:
989:
988:
985:
982:
974:
971:
968:
960:
953:
951:
948:
947:
944:
941:
933:
930:
927:
919:
912:
910:
907:
906:
902:
894:
891:
888:
880:
873:
871:
868:
867:
864:
861:
853:
850:
847:
839:
832:
830:
827:
826:
822:
814:
811:
808:
800:
793:
791:
788:
787:
783:
775:
772:
769:
761:
754:
752:
749:
748:
744:
736:
733:
730:
722:
715:
713:
710:
709:
705:
697:
694:
691:
683:
676:
674:
671:
670:
666:
658:
655:
652:
644:
637:
635:
632:
631:
627:
619:
616:
613:
605:
598:
596:
593:
592:
588:
580:
577:
574:
566:
559:
557:
554:
553:
549:
541:
538:
535:
527:
520:
518:
515:
514:
510:
502:
499:
496:
488:
481:
479:
476:
475:
471:
463:
460:
457:
449:
442:
440:
437:
436:
432:
426:
418:
415:
412:
404:
397:
395:
392:
391:
387:
379:
376:
373:
365:
358:
356:
353:
352:
348:
340:
337:
334:
326:
319:
317:
314:
313:
309:
301:
298:
295:
287:
280:
278:
275:
274:
270:
268:
265:
262:
259:
257:
254:
247:
245:
242:
241:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
218:
208:
206:
202:
198:
191:Federal level
185:
181:
177:
172:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
123:
121:
119:
113:
109:
104:
102:
101:minor parties
98:
97:major parties
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
71:
65:
57:
53:
49:shortened to:
43:
37:
29:
25:
21:
3222:
3167:Bayernkurier
3032:Markus Blume
3007:Markus Söder
2982:Otto Wiesheu
2926:Markus Söder
2896:Hanns Seidel
2886:Josef Müller
2791:
2603:(since 1999)
2571:Peter Struck
2556:Peter Struck
2494:Saskia Esken
2485:Saskia Esken
2420:Willy Brandt
2402:(since 1946)
2371:Willy Brandt
2346:Gustav Bauer
2294:
2285:Johannes Rau
2164:
1979:Paul Ziemiak
1969:Peter Tauber
1934:Peter Hintze
1708:Horst Köhler
1703:Roman Herzog
1628:(1): 47–66.
1625:
1619:
1598:. Retrieved
1593:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1568:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1532:
1521:. Retrieved
1514:
1505:
1494:. Retrieved
1487:
1478:
1467:. Retrieved
1460:
1451:
1440:. Retrieved
1433:
1423:
1412:. Retrieved
1410:. 2005-10-15
1398:
1387:. Retrieved
1373:
1352:
1344:
1338:. Retrieved
1332:
1322:
1313:
1303:
1289:
1221:
1189:
1178:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1123:
1109:
1073:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
983:
942:
862:
430:
266:
255:
229:Total votes
200:
194:
176:Willy Brandt
144:Centre Party
129:
105:
19:
18:
3157:Young Union
3041:Governments
2992:Erwin Huber
2967:Max Streibl
2916:Erwin Huber
2906:Theo Waigel
2665:Governments
2616:Olaf Scholz
2526:Fritz Erler
2386:Olaf Scholz
2325:(1918–1933)
2252:(1918–1933)
2109:Young Union
1993:Governments
1984:Mario Czaja
1929:Volker Rühe
1858:Helmut Kohl
1785:Helmut Kohl
1744:Helmut Kohl
1516:Welt Online
1438:(in German)
1435:Welt Online
1175:State level
1010:23,079,302
969:24,856,725
928:29,417,661
889:24,649,003
848:32,825,714
809:36,971,309
770:37,510,657
731:36,657,510
692:35,903,462
653:30,787,335
614:33,864,352
575:33,158,336
536:34,493,820
497:33,981,189
458:29,260,903
413:28,337,254
374:25,725,727
335:24,503,970
296:20,388,924
260:14,294,059
178:(left) and
3264:Categories
3172:Banz Abbey
3047:Adenauer (
2891:Hans Ehard
2705:Schröder (
1999:Adenauer (
1909:Bruno Heck
1600:2021-09-18
1594:Die Presse
1574:8 February
1523:2016-08-20
1496:2016-08-20
1469:2016-08-20
1442:2016-08-20
1414:2016-08-20
1389:2016-08-20
1340:2021-06-18
1281:References
1263:the Greens
984:Government
943:Government
863:Government
223:Seats won
160:Nazi Party
60:pronounced
32:pronounced
3087:Kiesinger
2688:Schmidt (
2672:Kiesinger
2509:Bundestag
2460:Kurt Beck
2039:Kiesinger
1821:Bundestag
1548:9 October
1384:0044-2070
1274:Roman/Red
1024:Majority
903:Majority
823:Majority
784:Majority
745:Majority
706:Majority
667:Majority
628:Majority
589:Majority
550:Majority
511:Majority
472:Majority
427:Majority
388:Majority
349:Majority
310:Majority
271:Majority
220:Election
205:Bundestag
3250:Category
3118:Merkel (
3074:Erhard (
2879:Chairmen
2829:Category
2717:Merkel (
2676:Brandt (
2192:Category
2070:Merkel (
2026:Erhard (
1543:Politico
1375:Die Zeit
1334:Die Zeit
1242:See also
1149:The Left
1078:and the
158:and the
1569:Reuters
1255:(Italy)
1181:Hamburg
1013:49.85%
980:13.84%
972:53.44%
939:10.45%
931:67.28%
900:12.59%
892:56.83%
851:69.42%
812:77.03%
773:76.07%
734:77.83%
695:77.28%
656:81.30%
617:86.96%
578:87.40%
539:91.20%
500:90.71%
461:88.76%
416:86.87%
377:81.53%
338:81.94%
307:13.78%
299:74.01%
263:60.23%
226:Change
186:(right)
130:In the
3091:Kohl (
2735:Scholz
2496:&
2487:&
2295:Acting
2043:Kohl (
1382:
1236:Bremen
1226:, the
1214:, the
1197:, the
1195:Berlin
1021:3.59%
859:7.61%
820:0.96%
781:1.76%
742:0.55%
703:4.02%
664:5.66%
625:0.44%
586:3.80%
547:0.49%
508:1.95%
469:1.89%
424:5.34%
385:0.41%
346:7.93%
235:Swing
112:German
52:German
24:German
2756:Jusos
1212:Hesse
1153:GroKo
56:Groko
1576:2018
1550:2017
1380:ISSN
1205:and
1183:and
1030:2025
991:2021
966:105
950:2017
925:119
909:2013
870:2009
829:2005
790:2002
751:1998
712:1994
689:149
673:1990
634:1987
595:1983
556:1980
517:1976
478:1972
439:1969
394:1965
355:1961
316:1957
293:124
277:1953
244:1949
150:and
87:the
3130:III
3103:III
3059:III
2724:III
2700:III
2082:III
2055:III
2011:III
1630:doi
1234:in
1222:In
1207:CDU
1203:SPD
1088:FDP
1062:TBD
1057:TBD
1052:TBD
1047:TBD
1042:TBD
886:63
845:51
806:44
728:12
650:28
572:13
494:11
455:19
410:15
332:45
267:new
256:new
3266::
3135:IV
3125:II
3108:IV
3098:II
3081:II
3064:IV
3054:II
2729:IV
2712:II
2695:II
2683:II
2087:IV
2077:II
2060:IV
2050:II
2033:II
2016:IV
2006:II
1626:24
1624:.
1592:.
1567:.
1541:.
1361:^
1343:.
1331:.
1312:.
1187:.
1007:4
767:3
611:7
533:2
371:7
207:.
118:de
114::
58:,
54::
47:,
30:,
26::
3137:)
3120:I
3115:)
3113:V
3093:I
3083:)
3076:I
3071:)
3069:V
3049:I
2862:e
2855:t
2848:v
2731:)
2719:I
2714:)
2707:I
2702:)
2690:I
2685:)
2678:I
2297:)
2293:(
2225:e
2218:t
2211:v
2089:)
2072:I
2067:)
2065:V
2045:I
2035:)
2028:I
2023:)
2021:V
2001:I
1664:e
1657:t
1650:v
1636:.
1632::
1603:.
1578:.
1552:.
1526:.
1499:.
1472:.
1445:.
1417:.
1392:.
1316:.
1265:)
120:)
22:(
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