660:
763:
282:
608:
507:
32:
1415:
1010:
grain elevators and elaborate tourist hotels such as the Château
Laurier in Ottawa. Hays blundered in 1903 by building a subsidiary, the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company some 4,800 kilometres (3,000 mi) long; it reached Prince Rupert in northern British Columbia in 1914. The government built and the Grand Trunk was to operate the National Transcontinental to link the main Grand Trunk with its Pacific subsidiary. The very expensive subsidiary was far north of major population centres and had too little traffic.
1963:
1387:
977:
2005:
1401:
1176:
703:
1013:
Nearing bankruptcy in 1919, the entire system was nationalized: the government merged the Grand Trunk, the Grand Trunk
Pacific, and the National Transcontinental lines into the new Canadian National Railways. The process was completed in 1923. The Grand Trunk lines in the United States, however, kept
993:
speculated in 1963 that an independent GTR might have survived had it always used standard gauge. The GTR was a private company headquartered in
England that received heavy Canadian government subsidies and was never profitable because of competition from shipping and American railways. (In 1880 40%
887:
The routing of these systems was extremely speculative, as GTPR's main line was located farther north than the profitable CPR main line in the
Prairies, and NTR was located even farther north of populous centres in Ontario and Quebec. Construction costs on the GTPR escalated, despite having the most
801:
The company sold the line along the St. Lawrence River between Rivière-du-Loup and Lévis in 1879 to the federal government-owned
Intercolonial Railway (IRC), and granted running rights in 1889 to the IRC on trackage between LĂ©vis and Montreal (via Richmond); however, the IRC's construction of a more
1009:
Charles
Melville Hays joined the Grand Trunk in 1895 as general manager (and in 1909, president, based in Montreal). Hays was the architect of the great expansion during a colourful and free-spending era. He upgraded the tracks, bridges, shops and rolling stock, but was best known for building huge
671:
The end of the
American Civil War saw British North America on the verge of uniting in a single federation, and the GTR's financial prospects improved as the railway was well-positioned to take advantage of increased population and economic growth. By 1867, it had become the largest railroad system
1108:
Following deregulation of the railway industry in Canada and the United States, CN has abandoned or sold many former GTR and GTW branch lines in recent decades, including the former
Portland–Montreal main line which had instigated the development of the system to a large degree. As well, a part of
1001:
was a key executive from 1874 to 1890 based in
Montreal who kept it afloat financially and formed an alliance with the Conservative party. Carlos and Lewis (1995) show that it managed to survive because its British investors accurately assessed the corporation's value and prospects, which included
925:
The first indication the arrangement with the government was faltering came when GTR refused to operate the NTR, citing economic reasons. With the enormous cost of building the GTPR and the limited financial returns being realized, GTR defaulted on loan payments to the federal government in 1919.
647:
Such security concerns led to demands for a year-round transportation system that
British reinforcements could use should their territory be attacked during winter when the St. Lawrence River was frozen, and the only railway for British reinforcements to use would be the Grand Trunk connection at
1080:
Grand Trunk Railway was built fully a century before major property and highway development took place in the various jurisdictions it crossed and as such had the choice of geography in selecting the most direct routes. As a result, significant sections of GTR mainlines in Canada and Grand Trunk
936:
GTR underwent serious financial difficulties as a result of the GTPR, and its shareholders, primarily in the United Kingdom, were determined to prevent the company from being nationalized as well. Eventually on July 12, 1920, GTR was placed under control of another federal government Board of
676:, its river port at Rivière-du-Loup, the three northern New England states, and much of the southern areas of the new provinces of Quebec and Ontario. By 1880, the Grand Trunk Railway system stretched all the way from Portland in the east to Chicago, Illinois, in the west (by means of the
994:
of the Grand Trunk traffic was from one or another American city to and from Chicago, taking a shortcut across Ontario.) Inflated construction costs, overestimated revenues, and an inadequate initial capitalization threatened bankruptcy for the Grand Trunk.
778:, western Quebec, and the U.S. state of Michigan over the years by purchasing and absorbing numerous smaller railway companies, as well as building new lines. GTR's largest purchase came on August 12, 1882, when it bought the 1,371-kilometre (852 mi)
648:
Portland, in the United States. Many citizens thought that the only way to finish the Grand Trunk – and protect the country – would be to unite all the colonies into a federation so that they could share the costs of an expanded railway system. Thus the
940:
At the time that the GTR was fully merged into CNR, approximately 125 smaller railway companies comprised the Grand Trunk system, totalling 12,800 kilometres (8,000 mi) in Canada and 1,873 kilometres (1,164 mi) in the United States.
830:, particularly given the virtual monopoly of service that CPR maintained and the lucrative increasing flows of immigrants west of Ontario. The federal government encouraged GTR to co-operate with a local railway company operating on the
631:
in the west to Rivière-du-Loup in the east and Portland in the southeast. Colonists in the United Province of Canada, some of whom had experienced their territory being attacked by the United States fifty years earlier (in the
937:
Management while legal battles continued for several more years. Finally, on January 20, 1923, GTR was fully absorbed into the CNR on a date when all constituent companies were merged into the Crown corporation.
573:-bound traffic. In October of 1856, the section from Montreal to Toronto opened, while the line from Toronto to Sarnia was finished in November of 1859. Also in 1859, a ferry service was established across the
699:; and the construction of a tunnel beneath the St. Clair River, connecting Sarnia, Ontario, and Port Huron, Michigan. The latter work opened in August 1890 and replaced the railcar ferry at the same location.
955:
Canada's worst railway accident based on loss of life happened on the GTR, occurring on June 29, 1864, when a passenger train operating between LĂ©vis and Montreal missed a signal for an open drawbridge on the
1033:
Like the CPR and CNR, the GTR began building and operating hotels during the first two decades of the 20th century. Most of the hotels survived the takeover of the GTR by CNR in 1923 and were operated by
918:
Construction started on the GTPR/NTR in 1905, and the GTPR opened to traffic in 1914, followed by the NTR in 1915. It was a transcontinental system, with the only exception being the NTR's ill-fated
96:
1149:, was to make GTW profitable and keep parent CN from having to subsidize GTW's losses. CN sold off the Central Vermont in 1995 when CN became a public traded company instead of a crown corporation.
1002:
the likelihood that the Canadian government would bail out the railway should it ever default on its bonds. The government had guaranteed a very large loan and had enacted legislation authorizing
845:'s government to build a third railway system from the Atlantic to the Pacific. GTR would build (with federal assistance) and operate the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (GTPR) from
683:
Several impressive construction feats were associated with the GTR: the first successful bridging of the St. Lawrence River on August 25, 1860, with the opening of the first
1833:
1215:
907:
on April 15, 1912. His death is speculated to have contributed to poor management of GTR over the ensuing decade, and also contributed to the abandonment of the uncompleted
600:
and further east by water to the Maritimes demanded that a railway link the entire geopolitical region. During this time the GTR extended its line to LĂ©vis further east to
566:
1225:
569:, whose railway was already under construction. But the Grand Trunk Railway Company changed the original route of the T&G and extended the line to Sarnia, a hub for
814:
As the dominant railway in British North America, GTR was reportedly asked by the federal government soon after Confederation to consider building a rail line to the
1205:
1324:
1299:
926:
GTPR was nationalized on March 7 of that year, being operated under a federal government Board of Management until finally being placed under the control of the
2532:
2517:
1314:
1334:
1274:
1244:
2567:
1994:
1460:
325:
1368:
1353:
on Cockspur Street. CN no longer owns the building. The current tenant on the lower floor is The Original London Tour Centre at 17–19 Cockspur Street.
1372:
2527:
1059:(Edmonton) 1912-1923 - acquired by Canadian National Hotels and later by Canadian Pacific Hotels; now part of the Fairmont Hotels and Resorts chain
2552:
2157:
1449:
2522:
1668:
Carlos, Ann M.; Lewis, Frank D. (1995). "The Creative Financing of an Unprofitable Enterprise: the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, 1853-1881".
1556:
2557:
2353:
2547:
2537:
1006:. These arrangements allowed the company to float new bond issues to replace existing debt and to issue securities in lieu of interest.
2562:
1905:
1438:
2456:
2502:
1567:
360:, United Kingdom (4 Warwick House Street). It cost an estimated $ 160 million to build. The Grand Trunk, its subsidiaries, and the
2076:
1987:
672:
in the world by accumulating more than 2,055 km (1,277 mi) of track that connected locations between its ocean port at
2212:
1821:
1770:
1742:
1479:
For pictures of the Grand Trunk in New England, see Hastings, Philip R. "Grand Trunk Heritage" (1987, Carstens Publications).
1816:
Canada. Legislature. Legislative Assembly. Special Committee on the Condition, Management and Prospects of the Grand Trunk.
826:(CPR) to meet British Columbia's conditions for joining Confederation. By the early 20th century, GTR desired to operate in
2297:
2126:
2071:
596:
was greatly expanded by the duplicate route of the Grand Trunk. The explosive growth in trade during the 1850s within the
1844:
2542:
2152:
1972:
1455:
612:
313:
841:
CNoR decided to build its own transcontinental system at this time, forcing GTR in 1903 to enter into an agreement with
659:
2507:
2184:
2108:
1980:
1191:
1110:
546:
538:
2487:
2066:
2039:
1717:
1506:
1165:
854:
75:
53:
46:
2497:
2492:
1797:
1618:
1433:
1524:
2234:
2207:
1734:
850:
779:
649:
2384:
2189:
1898:
767:
2406:
1138:
2512:
2482:
2118:
2044:
2026:
1152:
CN continued to place its US acquisitions as subsidiaries under the Grand Trunk Corporation which includes
908:
677:
478:
458:
361:
1839:
Grand Trunk Railway Engineer Department: Road section foreman's wage and material book for years 1866-1874
1631:
Baskerville, Peter (1981). "Americans in Britain's backyard: the railway era in Upper Canada, 1850–1880".
1186:
The Portland, Maine-Chicago, Illinois mainline of the Grand Trunk is or was known by the following names:
2103:
1802:
1623:
1050:
432:
387:, Ontario. Over time it added many subsidiary lines and branches, including four important subsidiaries:
717:
2411:
2199:
1161:
961:
684:
515:
2445:
2435:
2421:
2415:
2229:
2144:
2058:
2009:
2004:
1891:
1707:
1529:
950:
930:
835:
664:
619:
By 1860, the Grand Trunk was on the verge of bankruptcy and in no position to expand further east to
597:
365:
210:
2426:
2362:
2303:
2254:
1871:
1035:
912:
823:
490:
40:
1571:
2431:
2098:
1443:
1428:
1234:
1209:
1142:
1133:. The corporation was created in 1971 to provide autonomy in operation for CN's US subsidiaries:
1130:
1046:
1017:
The Grand Trunk legacy seeped into late 20th century popular culture, when a hard rock trio from
869:
715:
Common during 19th century railway construction in British colonies, GTR built to a broad gauge (
410:
262:
20:
1792:
1341:
The Grand Trunk Railway Building on Warwick House Street in London continues to stand. Built by
2451:
2273:
2179:
2171:
1946:
1293:
1157:
1102:
880:. The GTR took effective control of the CAR in 1905, although the purchase was not ratified by
783:
585:
272:
57:
1850:
Grand Trunk Railway Collection Finding Aid, Special Collections, University of Vermont Library
2034:
1934:
1849:
1728:
1118:
897:
762:
653:
562:
486:
588:. The original colonial economy structured along the water route from the Maritimes up the
2239:
1289:
1199:
881:
756:
620:
578:
436:
281:
2002:
1883:
1065:(Winnipeg) 1913-1923 - acquired by Canadian National Hotels and now independently operated
8:
1613:
1328:
1258:
1134:
1022:
506:
607:
2377:
1656:
1648:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1003:
889:
846:
751:) between 1872 and 1885 to facilitate interchange with U.S. railroads. To overcome the
692:
624:
589:
558:
376:
1042:
601:
584:
The Grand Trunk was one of the main factors that pushed British North America towards
1738:
1713:
1685:
1660:
1285:
1146:
1094:
1082:
927:
831:
696:
1962:
1838:
1776:
95:
2461:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1730:
Grand Trunk Corporation: Canadian National Railways in the United States, 1971-1992
1677:
1640:
1534:
1169:
1153:
1062:
868:
As part of this program, the federal government encouraged the GTR to purchase the
819:
791:
775:
554:
452:
160:
1772:
A Thousand Blunders: The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway and Northern British Columbia
550:
2268:
2263:
1510:
1392:
1278:
1195:
1114:
1098:
1056:
1018:
957:
893:
842:
803:
795:
787:
673:
574:
482:
380:
301:
1406:
998:
827:
752:
309:
294:
250:
126:
2476:
2370:
1689:
1420:
1363:
1180:
1086:
989:
919:
815:
688:
687:
at Montreal (replaced by the present structure in 1898); the bridging of the
422:
400:
345:
341:
172:
168:
1865:
Report for submission to the shareholders of the Grand Trunk Railway in 1860
1681:
1371:
learns that he has lost most of the fortune that he received from his wife
1068:
877:
641:
444:
152:
1503:
1121:, was sold or abandoned, using the Great Western Railway routing instead.
976:
533:
The charter was soon extended east to Portland, Maine and west to Sarnia,
2394:
1375:, which Lord Grantham had largely invested in Grand Trunk Railway stock.
901:
862:
633:
593:
542:
534:
426:
329:
222:
176:
1071:(Algonquin Park) 1905–1923; sold to Government of Ontario and demolished
549:
through to the harbour facilities at Portland. A line was also built to
2277:
1652:
1342:
1318:
1129:
CN continues to use the "Grand Trunk" name for its holding company the
1045:(Ottawa) 1912-1923 - acquired by Canadian National Hotels and later by
640:
and faced terrorist attacks during the mid-19th century in the form of
637:
822:
but refused, forcing the government to enact legislation creating the
2337:
2259:
481:, chartered in 1910, which would have run from a connection with the
2392:
1644:
1309:
The Montreal-Toronto segment had been known by the following names:
1085:(CN) today, particularly the Quebec City–Chicago corridor by way of
2342:
2282:
1248:
1219:
1090:
470:
462:
440:
353:
337:
192:
180:
148:
118:
2321:
1303:
1238:
965:
858:
570:
527:
466:
448:
418:
396:
372:
349:
321:
184:
164:
156:
140:
104:
Map of the Grand Trunk system, including a connection via the NTR
1860:
Maps of the Grand Trunk Railway 1857, and its connections, c1860
1855:
Scans of the prospectus documents circulated by Barings in 1853
1229:
981:
873:
759:
called "adjustable gauge trucks", but these proved unreliable.
628:
414:
392:
384:
357:
317:
144:
404:
371:
The original charter was for a line running from Montreal to
333:
188:
1913:
806:
in 1899 saw most of this traffic transferred to that line.
1345:, the 7 storey building was built in 1907 with the banner
1175:
702:
522:
The company was incorporated on November 10, 1852, as the
1487:
1485:
922:, which would not be completed for several more years.
501:
285:
The Grand Trunk Head Office in Montreal, built in 1900.
1834:
Collections Canada: History of the Grand Trunk Railway
1589:
1482:
1081:
Western routes in the U.S. are still in active use by
729:); however, this was changed to the standard gauge of
557:
from Montreal in 1855, part of the much-talked about "
1145:. The main goal of the corporation, headquartered in
1382:
1461:
Grand Trunk Railway Literary and Scientific Society
809:
656:to link with the Grand Trunk at Rivière-du-Loup.
2474:
1880:, illustrated account of the Grand Trunk Railway
352:. The railway was operated from headquarters in
2158:Edmonton, Dunvegan and British Columbia Railway
1801:. Vol. XIV (1911–1920) (online ed.).
1622:. Vol. XII (1891–1900) (online ed.).
1367:, which takes place during the spring of 1920,
964:, plunging onto a passing barge and killing 99
853:, while the government would build and own the
16:British-owned railway in Canada and New England
379:. It quickly expanded its charter eastward to
2533:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in the United States
2518:Predecessors of the Canadian National Railway
2378:
1988:
1899:
1548:
980:Former Grand Trunk corporate headquarters in
526:to build a railway line between Montreal and
2354:List of Canadian National Railways companies
838:(CNoR), but an agreement was never reached.
1696:
1667:
1630:
1611:
1595:
1557:"The Rise and Fall of the Provincial Gauge"
1168:considers the Grand Trunk Corporation as a
477:A fifth subsidiary was the never-completed
2568:Companies based in the City of Westminster
2385:
2371:
1995:
1981:
1906:
1892:
1513:. Home.cogeco.ca. Retrieved on 2013-07-26.
1439:List of defunct railroads of North America
1124:
663:Group of men working on GTR construction,
1795:. In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.).
1726:
1491:
636:), were uncomfortably close to the giant
545:– Vermont border, and the parent company
489:, to the deep-water, all-weather port of
356:, Quebec, with corporate headquarters in
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
2528:Railway companies disestablished in 1923
1568:Canadian Railroad Historical Association
1554:
1174:
1109:the original Toronto–Sarnia routing via
975:
761:
701:
658:
606:
505:
280:
39:This article includes a list of general
2077:Lake Manitoba Railway and Canal Company
1768:
2553:Canadian companies established in 1852
2475:
2213:Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway
1869:
1790:
1705:
1139:Duluth, Winnipeg & Pacific Railway
755:, the GTR experimented with a form of
391:Grand Trunk Eastern which operated in
2523:Railway companies established in 1852
2366:
1976:
1887:
1522:
1356:
524:Grand Trunk Railway Company of Canada
2127:Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railroad
2072:Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific Railway
1759:
1697:Clegg, Anthony; Corley, Ray (1969).
1075:
876:to Vermont, and west from Ottawa to
865:, which the GTR would also operate.
565:. In the same year it purchased the
502:Charter, construction, and expansion
375:mostly along the north shore of the
25:
2558:Transport companies based in London
2185:Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway
2153:Alberta and Great Waterways Railway
1516:
1456:History of rail transport in Canada
774:The GTR system expanded throughout
13:
2548:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in Canada
2538:Defunct New York (state) railroads
2109:St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad
1810:
1555:Lavallee, O.S.A. (February 1963).
547:Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad
539:St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2579:
2563:Defunct companies based in London
2067:Canadian Northern Pacific Railway
2040:National Transcontinental Railway
1827:
1709:The Grand Trunk Railway of Canada
1616:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
1347:The Grand Trunk Railway of Canada
1166:Association of American Railroads
896:. GTR's cost-conscious president
855:National Transcontinental Railway
680:between Port Huron and Chicago).
2003:
1961:
1798:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1670:Explorations in Economic History
1619:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1434:Pontiac Pacific Junction Railway
1413:
1399:
1385:
1369:Robert Crawley, Earl of Grantham
900:was one of the victims on board
872:(CAR) with lines southeast from
537:. In 1853 the GTR purchased the
94:
30:
2503:Defunct New Hampshire railroads
2235:London and Port Stanley Railway
2208:Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad
1735:Michigan State University Press
1712:. University of Toronto Press.
1605:
1525:"Grand Trunk Railway of Canada"
1523:Marsh, James H. (3 June 2015).
851:Prince Rupert, British Columbia
650:British North America Act, 1867
2190:Green Bay and Western Railroad
1762:The Grand Trunk in New England
1497:
1473:
1349:on 4 Warwick House Street and
810:Bankruptcy and nationalization
786:to Toronto, and connecting to
706:Map of the Grand Trunk in 1885
652:included the provision for an
1:
1870:Talbot, Frederick A. (1913),
1699:Canadian National Steam Power
1028:
960:near the present-day town of
2119:Grand Trunk Western Railroad
2045:Prince Edward Island Railway
2027:Canadian Government Railways
1876:Railway Wonders of the World
1791:Regehr, Theodore D. (1998).
1504:Niagara Rails - Introduction
1466:
1135:Grand Trunk Western Railroad
909:Southern New England Railway
770:at Portland, Maine, in 1906.
678:Grand Trunk Western Railroad
479:Southern New England Railway
459:Grand Trunk Western Railroad
362:Canadian Government Railways
312:system that operated in the
7:
2104:Grand Trunk Pacific Railway
1841:(Trent University Archives)
1803:University of Toronto Press
1624:University of Toronto Press
1612:Baskerville, Peter (1990).
1378:
1216:Saint-Hyacinthe Subdivision
1051:Fairmont Hotels and Resorts
944:
888:favourable crossing of the
567:Toronto and Guelph Railroad
433:Grand Trunk Pacific Railway
364:were precursors of today's
10:
2584:
2543:Defunct Michigan railroads
2393:Major railroad systems in
2200:Great Lakes Transportation
1872:"The opening-up of Canada"
1733:, East Lansing, Michigan:
1727:Hofsommer, Don L. (1995),
1452:, chief engineer from 1896
1361:In Series 3, Episode 1 of
1162:Great Lakes Transportation
962:Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec
948:
931:Canadian National Railways
802:direct line from LĂ©vis to
496:
139:The Canadian provinces of
18:
2508:Defunct Vermont railroads
2402:
2351:
2330:
2314:
2298:Toronto Terminal Railways
2290:
2248:
2230:Illinois Central Railroad
2198:
2170:
2145:Northern Alberta Railways
2143:
2117:
2089:
2059:Canadian Northern Railway
2057:
2025:
2016:
2010:Canadian National Railway
1959:
1924:
1530:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1351:Canadian National Railway
971:
951:St-Hilaire train disaster
836:Canadian Northern Railway
794:, and communities in the
710:
665:Glengarry County, Ontario
598:United Province of Canada
366:Canadian National Railway
257:
221:
216:
211:Canadian National Railway
206:
198:
135:
125:
114:
109:
102:
93:
2488:Defunct Ontario railways
2304:Canadian Pacific Railway
2255:Canadian National Hotels
1793:"Hays, Charles Melville"
1754:– via Google Books
1701:. Trains & Trolleys.
1509:August 26, 2013, at the
1036:Canadian National Hotels
1014:their distinctive name.
933:(CNR) on July 20, 1920.
913:Providence, Rhode Island
824:Canadian Pacific Railway
723:5 ft 6 in
491:Providence, Rhode Island
264:5 ft 6 in
19:Not to be confused with
2498:Defunct Maine railroads
2493:Defunct Quebec railways
2099:Central Vermont Railway
1769:Leonard, Frank (1996).
1633:Business History Review
1596:Carlos & Lewis 1995
1444:Edson Joseph Chamberlin
1429:Guelph Junction Railway
1337:, Belleville to Toronto
1235:CN Kingston Subdivision
1143:Central Vermont Railway
1131:Grand Trunk Corporation
1125:Grand Trunk Corporation
1047:Canadian Pacific Hotels
870:Canada Atlantic Railway
857:(NTR) from Winnipeg to
667:, between 1895 and 1910
510:Grand Trunk Locomotive
411:Central Vermont Railway
60:more precise citations.
21:Grand Trunk Corporation
2407:Bangor & Aroostook
2274:Trans-Canada Air Lines
2180:Algoma Central Railway
2172:Wisconsin Central Ltd.
1706:Currie, A. W. (1957).
1682:10.1006/exeh.1995.1012
1292:(St. Clair Tunnel) to
1206:Sherbrooke Subdivision
1183:
985:
771:
707:
668:
616:
519:
305:
286:
163:and the U.S states of
2315:Under long-term lease
2035:Intercolonial Railway
1935:International Limited
1614:"Hickson, Sir Joseph"
1325:Gananoque Subdivision
1300:Southbend Subdivision
1218:, Saint-Hyacinthe to
1178:
1119:Point Edward, Ontario
979:
898:Charles Melville Hays
780:Great Western Railway
765:
705:
662:
654:Intercolonial Railway
610:
577:to Fort Gratiot (now
563:British North America
541:from Montreal to the
509:
487:Palmer, Massachusetts
284:
2240:Newfoundland Railway
1914:Named trains of the
1570:: 22. Archived from
1315:Cornwall Subdivision
1226:Montreal Subdivision
892:in North America at
861:, New Brunswick via
757:variable-gauge axles
627:, it stretched from
623:. On the eve of the
579:Port Huron, Michigan
437:Northwestern Ontario
2513:History of Montreal
2483:Grand Trunk Railway
2412:Boston & Albany
2249:Former subsidiaries
2091:Grand Trunk Railway
1917:Grand Trunk Railway
1760:Holt, Jeff (1986).
1111:St. Mary's Junction
1097:, Toronto, London,
1023:Grand Funk Railroad
768:Grand Trunk station
613:Bonaventure Station
291:Grand Trunk Railway
90:
89:Grand Trunk Railway
2291:Joint Partnerships
2019:component railways
1929:Inter-City Limited
1878:, pp. 348–358
1357:In popular culture
1335:Oshawa Subdivision
1302:, Battle Creek to
1281:(St. Clair Tunnel)
1275:Forest Subdivision
1265:Guelph Subdivision
1255:Halton Subdivision
1245:Weston Subdivision
1192:Berlin Subdivision
1184:
1049:; now part of the
1004:debt restructuring
986:
890:Continental Divide
847:Winnipeg, Manitoba
772:
708:
693:Fort Erie, Ontario
669:
625:American Civil War
617:
590:St. Lawrence River
520:
461:which operated in
435:which operated in
413:which operated in
383:, and westward to
377:St. Lawrence River
314:Canadian provinces
287:
199:Dates of operation
88:
2470:
2469:
2360:
2359:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2166:
2165:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2085:
2084:
2053:
2052:
1970:
1969:
1744:978-0-87013-406-7
1286:Flint Subdivision
1208:, Island Pond to
1158:Wisconsin Central
1101:/Port Huron, and
1083:Canadian National
1076:Grand Trunk today
928:Crown corporation
915:, begun in 1910.
697:Buffalo, New York
615:, Montreal, 1900s
518:, Montreal, 1859.
279:
278:
86:
85:
78:
2575:
2427:Canadian Pacific
2422:Boston and Maine
2387:
2380:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2196:
2195:
2168:
2167:
2141:
2140:
2115:
2114:
2087:
2086:
2055:
2054:
2023:
2022:
2007:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1965:
1918:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1820:1857, 263 pages
1806:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1775:. Archived from
1765:
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1664:
1627:
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1535:Historica Canada
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1409:
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1403:
1402:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1327:, Brockville to
1267:, Georgetown to
1170:Class I railroad
1154:Illinois Central
1063:Fort Garry Hotel
1021:, called itself
820:British Columbia
776:southern Ontario
753:gauge difference
750:
746:
744:
743:
739:
736:
728:
724:
718:Provincial Gauge
514:utilized on the
453:British Columbia
270:
265:
253:
247:
243:
241:
240:
236:
233:
161:British Columbia
98:
91:
87:
81:
74:
70:
67:
61:
56:this article by
47:inline citations
34:
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2264:Marine Atlantic
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1971:
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1813:
1811:Primary sources
1782:
1780:
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1747:
1745:
1720:
1645:10.2307/3114127
1608:
1603:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1577:on 25 July 2020
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1511:Wayback Machine
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1393:Railways portal
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1277:, St. Marys to
1210:Saint-Hyacinthe
1127:
1078:
1057:Hotel Macdonald
1043:Château Laurier
1031:
1019:Flint, Michigan
974:
958:Richelieu River
953:
947:
894:Yellowhead Pass
843:Wilfrid Laurier
812:
804:Saint-Hyacinthe
796:Bruce Peninsula
782:, running from
748:
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737:
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732:
731:4 ft
730:
726:
722:
713:
685:Victoria Bridge
674:Portland, Maine
602:Rivière-du-Loup
575:St. Clair River
561:connection" in
516:Victoria Bridge
504:
499:
483:Central Vermont
381:Portland, Maine
326:American states
268:
263:
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238:
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231:
229:
228:4 ft
227:
202:1852–1923
105:
82:
71:
65:
62:
52:Please help to
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1828:External links
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1676:(3): 273–301.
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1496:
1494:, pp. 10.
1492:Hofsommer 1995
1481:
1471:
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1407:History portal
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999:Joseph Hickson
973:
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949:Main article:
946:
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828:Western Canada
811:
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611:Grand Trunk's
592:and the lower
503:
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295:reporting mark
277:
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1779:on 2008-06-21
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1450:Joseph Hobson
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1421:Canada portal
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1181:Dubuque, Iowa
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1087:Drummondville
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990:Canadian Rail
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942:
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784:Niagara Falls
781:
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760:
758:
754:
749:1,435 mm
727:1,676 mm
720:
719:
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689:Niagara River
686:
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269:1,676 mm
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27:
22:
2441:
2090:
1952:
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1940:
1933:
1928:
1915:
1875:
1817:
1796:
1781:. Retrieved
1777:the original
1771:
1761:
1748:, retrieved
1729:
1708:
1698:
1673:
1669:
1636:
1632:
1617:
1606:Bibliography
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1572:the original
1563:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1528:
1518:
1499:
1475:
1362:
1360:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1317:, Dorval to
1308:
1294:Battle Creek
1237:, Dorval to
1185:
1179:GTW 4934 at
1151:
1128:
1107:
1103:Battle Creek
1079:
1069:Highland Inn
1032:
1016:
1012:
1008:
996:
988:
987:
968:immigrants.
954:
939:
935:
924:
917:
903:
886:
884:until 1914.
878:Georgian Bay
867:
840:
813:
800:
773:
716:
714:
682:
670:
646:
642:Fenian raids
618:
583:
532:
523:
521:
511:
476:
445:Saskatchewan
370:
297:
290:
288:
153:Saskatchewan
115:Headquarters
72:
63:
44:
2442:Grand Trunk
2397:, pre-1930s
2395:New England
1845:GTR History
1764:. Railfare.
1446:, president
1200:Island Pond
863:Quebec City
634:War of 1812
594:Great Lakes
543:Canada East
535:Canada West
427:Connecticut
330:Connecticut
324:and in the
306:Grand Tronc
223:Track gauge
177:Connecticut
58:introducing
2477:Categories
2278:Air Canada
1947:Maple Leaf
1783:2017-08-29
1750:13 October
1581:17 January
1343:Aston Webb
1329:Belleville
1319:Brockville
1290:Port Huron
1259:Georgetown
1141:; and the
1029:GTR hotels
984:, England.
882:Parliament
638:Union Army
512:Trevithick
41:references
2457:New Haven
2338:CN Police
2260:CN Marine
1690:0014-4983
1661:155762840
1467:Footnotes
1269:St. Marys
1025:in 1969.
818:coast at
273:converted
261:Built to
217:Technical
207:Successor
66:June 2022
2343:CN Tower
2283:Via Rail
1941:La Salle
1540:25 March
1507:Archived
1379:See also
1249:Brampton
1220:Montreal
1196:Portland
1095:Kingston
1091:Montreal
945:Accident
832:Prairies
745: in
691:between
559:Maritime
555:Richmond
471:Illinois
463:Michigan
441:Manitoba
354:Montreal
338:Michigan
308:) was a
242: in
193:Illinois
181:Michigan
149:Manitoba
121:, Quebec
119:Montreal
110:Overview
2462:Rutland
2322:BC Rail
2008:
1653:3114127
1566:(143).
1304:Chicago
1239:Toronto
1147:Detroit
904:Titanic
859:Moncton
816:Pacific
792:Windsor
740:⁄
621:Halifax
571:Chicago
528:Toronto
497:History
467:Indiana
449:Alberta
419:Vermont
397:Vermont
373:Toronto
350:Vermont
322:Ontario
310:railway
275:by 1873
237:⁄
185:Indiana
165:Vermont
157:Alberta
141:Ontario
54:improve
2017:Former
1953:Mohawk
1822:online
1818:Report
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