270:
981:
1093:
841:
704:
137:
1031:, despite having only four acts, corresponds in many ways to the grand opera formula. It has a historical setting, deals with 'culture clash' and contains several ballets as well as its extremely well known Grand March. It was a huge success, both at its world premiere in Cairo in 1871 and its Italian premiere in Milan in 1872. It led to an increase in the scale of some of the works by other composers that followed it. This was particularly noticeable in works by
2697:
33:
557:. The resourceful Rossini, having largely created a style of Italian opera to which European theatre had been in thrall, recognized the potential of new technology which included larger theatres and orchestras and modern instrumentation. He proved in this work that he could rise to meet them in this undoubted grand opera. However, his comfortable financial position, and the change in political climate after the
537:, a dominant force in French theatre of the time who specialized in melodramatic versions, often involving extremes of coincidence, of historical topics which were well-tailored for the public taste of the time. This was his first libretto for the Opéra. He was to write or be associated with many of the libretti of the most successful grand operas which followed.
731:
were more interested in the dancers themselves more than the opera. These individuals also did not want their regular meal-times disturbed. The ballet therefore became an important element in the social prestige of the Opéra. Composers who did not comply with this tradition might suffer as a consequence, as did
930:
was known as 'the night of the seven stars' because of its requirement of seven top-grade artistesâmeant that they were economically the most vulnerable as new repertoire developed. Hence they lost pride of place at the Paris OpĂ©ra (especially when many of the original stage sets were lost in fire in
853:
During the 1870s and 1880s, a new generation of French composers continued to produce large-scale works in the tradition of grand opera but often broke its melodramatic boundaries. The influence of Wagner's operas began to be felt, and it is a moot point whether these works can be simply called grand
730:
A notable feature of grand opera as it developed in Paris through the 1830s was the presence of a lavish ballet, to appear at or near the beginning of its second act. This was required, not for aesthetic reasons, but to satisfy the demands of the Opera's wealthy and aristocratic patrons, many of whom
243:
Division into five acts seems to me the most suitable for any opera that would reunite the elements of the genre: where the dramatic focus was combined with the marvellous: where the nature and majesty of the subject demanded the addition of attractive festivities and splendid civil and religious
583:. However, he soon showed himself extremely shrewd at discerning public taste by investing heavily in the grand opera formula. His first new production was a work long contracted from Meyerbeer, whose premiere had been delayed by the Revolution. This was fortunate for both VĂ©ron and Meyerbeer. As
113:. These operas were composed on a suitably grand scale for the Emperor. Other factors which led to Parisian supremacy at operatic spectacle were the ability of the large Paris Opéra to stage sizeable works and recruit leading stage-painters, designers and technicians, the long tradition of French
593:
chimed well with the liberal sentiments of 1830s France. Moreover, its potent mixture of melodrama, spectacle, titillation (including a ballet of the ghosts of debauched nuns), and dramatic arias and choruses went down extremely well with the new leaders of taste, the affluent bourgeoisie. The
763:(1855), proved to be more widely given in Italy and other Italian-language opera houses than in France. The taste for luxury and extravagance at the French theatre declined after the 1848 revolution, and new productions on the previous scale were not so commercially viable. The popular
791:(composed 1856â1858, later revised), was not given a full performance until nearly a century after Berlioz had died, although portions had been staged before, but the spirit of this work is far removed from the bourgeois taste of the grand opera of the 1830s and 1840s.
965:, for instance â continue to have a place in the operatic repertoire. Even the pieces that are rarely staged are increasingly being resuscitated for compact disc recordings, and many are revived at opera festivals and by companies such as
66:. The original productions consisted of spectacular design and stage effects with plots normally based on or around dramatic historic events. The term is particularly applied (sometimes specifically used in its French-language equivalent
221:
and London. Meyerbeer succeeded in blending
Italian singing-style with an orchestral style derived from his German training, introducing a far wider range of musical theatre effects than traditional Italian opera. Moreover,
2596:
226:
with its exotic historical setting, onstage bands, spectacular costumes and themes of culture clash, exhibited many of the features on which the popularity of grand opera would be based.
86:
The term 'grand opera' is also used in a broader application in respect of contemporary or later works of similar monumental proportions from France, Germany, Italy, and other countries.
972:
After virtually disappearing from the operatic repertory worldwide in the 20th century, Meyerbeer's major grand operas are once again being staged by leading
European opera houses.
719:
804:
was rarely given in its entirety, although the big tenor aria, "Inspirez-moi, race divine", was a popular feature of tenor recitals. Meyerbeer died on 2 May 1864; his late opera,
1656:
1682:
641:, who continued his winning formula, if not to such financial reward. Between 1838 and 1850, the Paris Opéra staged numerous grand operas of which the most notable were Halévy
97:
Paris at the turn of the 19th century drew in many composers, both French and foreign, especially those of opera. Several
Italians working during this period, including
1198:, although act 2 has some of the characteristics of grand opera, with a brief ballet and an elaborate march. The opera was eventually transformed by the composer to
199:(1828). All of these have some of the characteristics of size and spectacle that are normally associated with French grand opera. Another important forerunner was
1626:
918:(Paris, 1886). It ran up nearly 100 performances in Paris, and quite a few in Belgium, where the action takes place, but has since disappeared without a trace.
1076:
Other operas on this scale continued to be composed by
Italian composers during the 1880s and even 1890s, but with less frequency; examples being Marchetti's
2628:
1149:, 1842) is totally Meyerbeerean in style. Wagner was at that time a sincere admirer of the older composer, who assisted him in arranging performances of
269:
1444:
1357:
492:
980:
1732:
2495:
2525:
1660:
1690:
1388:
966:
634:(1836, libretto by Scribe and Deschamps), whose success was to prove the most enduring of all grand operas during the 19th century.
1275:'French opera of the Romantic period, sung throughout, generally in five acts, grandiose in conception and impressively staged.' (
1092:
2605:
579:
the previously state-run Opéra and the winner of the contract was a businessman who acknowledged that he knew nothing of music,
1973:
1946:
1920:
1885:
1871:
1857:
1840:
1808:
1792:
1774:
1215:
championed
Meyerbeer and Halévy respectively, the operas continued to be performed well into the 20th century. The growth of
1000:
Italian operas with their own ballet started to become relatively common in the late 1860s and 1870s. Some of these, such as
1705:
1503:
1223:
obtained political power in 1933, spelled the end of the works of these composers on German stages until modern times when
2658:
485:
2074:
1418:
2616:
1634:
1476:
1757:
908:
in
Brussels (1884). What may have been one of the last successful French grand operas was by an unfamiliar composer,
1181:
2636:
2488:
1752:
840:
742:
1179:, shows clear traces of some return by Wagner to the grand opera tradition, and a case could also be argued for
997:
French grand opera was generally well received in Italy, where it was always performed in
Italian translation.
696:
587:
commented, Meyerbeer had "not only the luck to be talented, but the talent to be lucky." Meyerbeer's new opera
478:
1799:
1112:
depicts German opera managers hurrying to Paris to try to identify the next hit. The
Dresden performances of
89:
It may also be used colloquially in an imprecise sense to refer to 'serious opera without spoken dialogue'.
83:
from the late 1820s to around 1860; 'grand opéra' has sometimes been used to denote the Paris Opéra itself.
464:
2481:
436:
17:
753:
The most significant development, or transformation, of grand opera after the 1850s was its handling by
2736:
2648:
2643:
2560:
1966:
1190:
1135:
Meyerbeer himself was German by birth, but directed nearly all his mature efforts to success in Paris.
1128:
703:
1155:
580:
544:
s reputation was enhanced by it being the touchpaper for a genuine revolution when it was produced in
1020:
were not, although they qualified for the description. They constituted an evolution of grand opera.
2384:
2060:
759:
1529:
1729:
2317:
637:
Having made a fortune in his stewardship of the Opéra, Véron cannily handed on his concession to
1032:
1007:
189:
2731:
2682:
2426:
2041:
1200:
891:
244:
ceremonies to the natural flow of the action, and consequently needed frequent scene changes.
2726:
2721:
2366:
2353:
1959:
201:
146:
1161:
1122:, condemning Meyerbeer's style and crudely attributing his alleged aesthetic failure to his
745:, partly because the ballet was in act 1 (when the dancers' admirers were still at dinner).
737:
2632:
2027:
1982:
1171:
613:
563:
553:
508:
428:
344:
292:
280:
8:
2601:
1176:
1017:
1012:
603:
316:
2184:
619:
329:
117:, and the art of stagecraft. The first theatre performance lit by gas, for example, was
2571:
2546:
2541:
2504:
1366:
1276:
937:
932:
886:
652:
646:
412:
404:
41:
2067:
2034:
1108:
French grand operas were regularly staged by German opera houses; an early article by
909:
376:
230:
183:
2609:
2566:
2270:
2109:
2088:
1942:
1930:
1916:
1895:
1881:
1867:
1853:
1836:
1818:
1804:
1788:
1770:
1353:
1256:
1252:
1118:(in German) in 1850 were the occasion for a series of articles by Wagner's disciple,
1048:
876:
712:
389:
361:
356:
309:
297:
206:
166:
151:
141:
195:
136:
2700:
2593:
2556:
2520:
2341:
2324:
2120:
2102:
1582:
1159:
in
Dresden and Berlin. As described above, Wagner attempted in 1860/1861 to recast
860:
796:
589:
368:
304:
158:
106:
47:
2277:
2263:
2256:
2157:
1544:
774:
674:
534:
420:
126:
2581:
2284:
2129:
2013:
1736:
1288:'Nineteenth-century opera of a certain large-scale type.' Charlton (2003), p.xiii
1208:
638:
558:
162:
122:
98:
75:
2249:
2235:
2150:
2621:
2143:
2095:
1994:
1845:
1568:
see chapter on
Italian opera by Fiamma Nicolodi in Charlton (2003), pp. 383â402
1136:
1109:
1101:
1023:
926:
The expensive artifacts of grand opera (which also demanded expensive singers)â
900:
881:
870:
855:
845:
822:
811:
806:
801:
788:
770:
754:
732:
685:
584:
526:
522:
449:
235:
177:
130:
1114:
680:
456:
169:
can be regarded as precursors to French grand opera. These include Spontini's
80:
2715:
2461:
2197:
2081:
2054:
1766:
1216:
1212:
1119:
1043:
1037:
828:
765:
630:
525:
into which the heroine precipitates herself, embodied the musical and scenic
349:
336:
105:
was suited for the powerful dramas that were being written. Others, such as
2335:
2020:
2006:
1908:
1850:
The Urbanization of Opera: Music Theater in Paris in the Nineteenth Century
895:
514:
285:
209:, who eventually became the acknowledged king of the grand opera genre. In
2178:
1938:
1903:
1822:
690:
444:
2674:
2551:
2347:
2330:
2291:
2242:
2228:
2190:
1899:
1066:
783:
668:
662:
628:(1835, libretto also by Scribe), and commissioned Meyerbeer's next opera
396:
384:
36:
2303:
1934:
1010:
were designated as "opera ballo" (i.e. 'danced opera'). Others, such as
814:
returned to Paris for what many see as the greatest French grand opera,
2447:
2371:
2214:
2203:
2000:
1826:
1453:
1220:
1002:
905:
868:
as "the last grand opera to have a great and widespread success".) and
816:
171:
102:
62:
generally in four or five acts, characterized by large-scale casts and
1779:
Charlton, David: "On the nature of 'grand opera'", pp. 94â105 in
1739:, Geri Laudati, University of Wisconsin Madison, retrieved 14 May 2015
849:, Massanet, ballet at Le Cid's camp. Set by Rubé, Chaperon and Jambon.
2625:
2473:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2360:
2310:
2208:
1195:
1057:
904:
years earlier, but, unable to get it premiered in Paris, settled for
694:, an adaptation, meeting the grand opera conventions, of his earlier
657:
576:
229:
What became the essential features of 'grand opéra' were foreseen by
63:
1864:
French Opera at the Fin de SiĂšcle: Wagnerism, Nationalism, and Style
2454:
2440:
2377:
2297:
2171:
2115:
2048:
1784:
1169:, as later adapted for Vienna, is still frequently produced today.
624:
545:
324:
218:
110:
32:
2221:
213:, which was produced by Rossini in Paris in 1825 after success in
2515:
2433:
1146:
914:
505:
The first opera of the grand opera canon is, by common consent,
1951:
1141:
518:
214:
121:
at the Opéra in 1823. The theatre had the innovative designers
114:
720:
List of performances of French grand operas at the Paris Opéra
2136:
858:
had at least two large scale historical works to his credit,
608:
59:
1207:
In many German-language houses, especially in Vienna, where
1126:
origins, inspiring Wagner to write his anti-Jewish diatribe
826:
in 1868, and finally, at the end of the decade, the revised
1027:
985:
570:
1833:
Grand Illusion: Phantasmagoria in Nineteenth-Century Opera
935:
devoted an entire season to the genre, including Halévy's
529:
which were to be grand opera's hallmark. The libretto for
1123:
1878:
EugĂšne Scribe and French Opera in the Nineteenth Century
1449:
an der Bayerischen Staatsoper: Verdi mit Techno-Ballett"
794:
By the 1860s, taste for the grand style was returning.
718:
For production statistics of grand opera in Paris, see
1279:
definition of 'grand opéra': consulted 27 August 2011)
931:
the late 19th century). However, as late as 1917, the
832:
was premiered at the Opéra in its grand opera format.
748:
253:
51:(1831); one of the earliest sensations of grand opera
874:(Paris, 1885). Other works in this category include
575:After the Revolution, the new regime determined to
1892:Soixante-sept Ans a L'OpĂ©ra en une Page, 1826â1893
601:Over the next few years, VĂ©ron brought on Auber's
551:In 1829, this was followed by Rossini's swansong
2713:
921:
684:(1849) (Scribe again). 1847 saw the premiere of
561:, persuaded him to quit the field. Therefore,
2489:
1967:
1533:, vol. 67, no. 2, February 2016, pp. 193â194.
984:Set design by Philippe Chaperon for act 1 of
975:
678:(1843, librettos by Scribe), and Meyerbeer's
607:(1833, libretto by Scribe, later adapted for
486:
1675:
1657:"Meyerbeers "Hugenotten" in Berlin gefeiert"
1504:"After 350 Years, Paris Still Defines Opera"
743:had to be withdrawn after three performances
506:
944:
835:
2496:
2482:
1974:
1960:
1527:Solare, Carlos Maria. Report from Berlin.
711:set design for the final conflagration by
493:
479:
1815:French Grand Opera: an Art and a Business
1352:
1145:, the composer's first success (produced
741:as a grand opera in Paris in 1861, which
1929:, Paris, Deposé au journal L'Entr'acte
1911:; West, Ewan, editors: "Grand Opera" in
1091:
988:by Verdi, premiere production 1871 Cairo
979:
839:
820:(1867). Ambroise Thomas contributed his
725:
702:
571:The golden age of grand opera: 1830â1850
135:
31:
1746:
1251:, was written by the American composer
14:
2714:
2503:
1880:, UMI Research Press, Ann Arbor, 1979
1800:The Cambridge Companion to Grand Opera
1602:, 3 vols., London 1981, vol. 3, p. 469
1501:
1188:Meyerbeer's only mature German opera,
810:, was premiered posthumously in 1865.
598:was as spectacular as its production.
2477:
1955:
1927:L'OpĂ©ra au Palais Garnier (1875â1962)
1769:, Macmillan Publishers, London, 1992
1703:
1542:
1442:
1259:to take the title role in the 1840s.
74:
1852:, University of Chicago Press, 1998
735:with his attempt to stage a revised
521:in 1647, ending with an eruption of
1803:, Cambridge University Press, 2003
1787:, Cambridge University Press, 1988
1723:
1624:
1443:Maier, Maximilian (12 March 2018).
1416:
749:Grand operas of the 1850s and 1860s
24:
1502:Woolfe, Zachary (2 October 2018).
1065:(Milan, 1876, revised 1880)); and
254:The first grand operas (1828â1829)
181:(1809, revised 1817), Cherubini's
25:
2748:
1758:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
1474:
1309:quoted in Charlton (2003), p. 150
1219:in Germany, especially after the
567:was his last public composition.
517:. This tale of revolution set in
2696:
2695:
1981:
1915:, Oxford University Press, 1992
1866:, Oxford University Press, 1999
1835:, Oxford University Press, 2020
1393:â The Metropolitan Opera (2016)"
1247:The first American grand opera,
1242:
268:
79:) to certain productions of the
1697:
1649:
1618:
1605:
1592:
1571:
1562:
1536:
1521:
1495:
1468:
1436:
1410:
1318:Hector Berlioz, tr. D. Cairns,
1073:, premiered in Turin in 1874).
119:Aladin ou La lampe merveilleuse
101:, demonstrated that the use of
1913:The Oxford Dictionary of Opera
1543:Migge, Thomas (12 July 2017).
1381:
1346:
1334:
1325:
1312:
1303:
1291:
1282:
1269:
1182:Die Meistersinger von NĂŒrnberg
781:until rewritten in the 1860s.
697:I Lombardi alla prima crociata
13:
1:
1598:G. B.Shaw, ed. Dan Laurence,
922:Decline of French grand opera
1817:, King's Crown Press, 1948.
1262:
7:
1589:, London, 1973, pp. 163â164
1165:as a grand opera, and this
898:had started to compose his
58:is a genre of 19th-century
10:
2753:
1941:. Reprint: Slatkine, 1983
1579:A First Night at the Opera
1191:Ein Feldlager in Schlesien
1129:Das Judenthum in der Musik
1096:Stage design for act 1 of
1087:
1006:by the Brazilian composer
976:Grand opera outside France
864:(Paris, 1877, assessed by
688:'s first opera for Paris,
92:
2691:
2673:
2589:
2580:
2534:
2511:
1989:
1797:Charlton, David, editor:
1545:"Le ProphĂšte in Toulouse"
1358:"Review: A New, Abstract
1299:Oxford Companion to Music
1132:("Jewishness in Music").
248:
109:, wrote works to glorify
2075:ComĂ©die mĂȘlĂ©e d'ariettes
1813:Crosten, William Loren:
1753:Bartlet, M. Elizabeth C.
1730:More Treasures from Tams
1659:. shz.de. Archived from
1587:Wagner Writes from Paris
1080:(1880) and Ponchielli's
992:
945:French grand opera today
836:Late French grand operas
133:on its staff as well.
27:19th-century opera genre
1706:"Karlsruhe:Le prophĂšte"
1581:, in Robert Jacobs and
1156:Der fliegende HollÀnder
1055:in 1875); Ponchielli: (
239:, in an essay of 1826:
2683:Historical reenactment
2654:Historical grand opera
2061:Comédie en vaudevilles
1447:Les vĂȘpres siciliennes
1331:see Crosten, pp. 31â32
1322:, London ,1969. p. 569
1105:
1078:Don Giovanni d'Austria
989:
959:Les vĂȘpres siciliennes
949:Some of these works â
850:
760:Les vĂȘpres siciliennes
715:
507:
263:grand opera, 1828â1850
246:
187:(1813), and Rossini's
154:
52:
2659:by historical figures
2367:Science fiction opera
2354:Schauspiel mit Gesang
1095:
983:
843:
777:and did not become a
726:Ballet in grand opera
706:
515:Daniel François Auber
241:
202:Il crociato in Egitto
147:Il crociato in Egitto
139:
76:[ÉĄÊÉÌtâżÉpeÊa]
35:
1747:General bibliography
1687:Die Theater Chemnitz
1625:Leipsic, Jeffrey A.
1008:AntĂŽnio Carlos Gomes
614:Un ballo in maschera
509:La muette de Portici
432:, Niedermeyer (1844)
281:La muette de Portici
233:, the librettist of
190:Le siĂšge de Corinthe
2602:Middle Ages in film
2427:Tragédie en musique
2121:Fairy-tale opera /
2042:BĂŒhnenweihfestspiel
1755:: "Grand opéra" in
1704:Sannemann, Kaspar.
1663:on 29 November 2016
1356:(19 October 2016).
1239:have been revived.
1177:George Bernard Shaw
1071:La Contessa di Mons
1018:Amilcare Ponchielli
892:Camille Saint-Saëns
773:started life as an
460:, Meyerbeer, (1849)
437:L'Ă©toile de SĂ©ville
424:, Donizetti, (1843)
400:, Donizetti, (1840)
340:, Meyerbeer, (1836)
2572:Historical fantasy
2547:Historical romance
2542:Historical mystery
2505:Historical fiction
2318:Pastorale héroïque
1735:2010-06-09 at the
1508:The New York Times
1475:Mudge, Stephen J.
1417:Leipsic, Jeffrey.
1367:The New York Times
1354:Tommasini, Anthony
1277:Grove Music Online
1106:
1082:Il figluol prodigo
990:
967:Palazetto Bru Zane
938:La reine de Chypre
851:
716:
647:La reine de Chypre
581:Louis-Désiré Véron
405:La reine de Chypre
157:Several operas by
155:
53:
42:Ballet of the Nuns
2737:Opera terminology
2709:
2708:
2669:
2668:
2662:
2644:Historical comics
2640:
2613:
2610:Peplum film genre
2567:Alternate history
2471:
2470:
2110:Dramma per musica
2089:Dramma eroicomico
1947:978-2-05-000214-2
1925:Wolff, Stéphane:
1921:978-0-19-869164-8
1890:Soubies, Albert:
1886:978-0-8357-1004-6
1872:978-0-19-518954-4
1862:Huebner, Steven:
1858:978-0-226-28857-4
1841:978-0-190-91505-6
1809:978-0-521-64683-3
1793:978-0-521-34813-3
1783:Les Troyens, ed.
1775:978-0-935859-92-8
1362:at the Met Opera"
1257:Ann Childe Seguin
1041:in 1873, and his
880:(Paris, 1878) by
713:Philippe Chaperon
503:
502:
465:L'enfant prodigue
261:The golden age of
167:Gioachino Rossini
142:Francesco Bagnara
45:from Meyerbeer's
16:(Redirected from
2744:
2699:
2698:
2656:
2619:
2599:
2594:Historical drama
2587:
2586:
2557:Nautical fiction
2498:
2491:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2342:Romantische Oper
2325:Posse mit Gesang
2103:Dramma pastorale
1976:
1969:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1831:Cruz, Gabriela:
1740:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1693:on 14 July 2014.
1689:. Archived from
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1637:on 4 August 2019
1633:. Archived from
1622:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1596:
1590:
1583:Geoffrey Skelton
1577:Richard Wagner,
1575:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1540:
1534:
1525:
1519:
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1514:
1499:
1493:
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1490:
1488:
1472:
1466:
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1463:
1461:
1440:
1434:
1433:
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1429:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1273:
1201:L'Ă©toile du nord
1098:L'Ă©toile du nord
861:Le roi de Lahore
797:La reine de Saba
620:Fromental Halévy
590:Robert le diable
543:
512:
495:
488:
481:
416:, Halévy, (1843)
408:, Halévy, (1841)
372:, Halévy, (1838)
369:Guido et Ginevra
305:Robert le diable
272:
258:
257:
196:MoĂŻse et Pharaon
159:Gaspare Spontini
107:Gaspare Spontini
78:
73:
48:Robert le diable
21:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2687:
2665:
2637:wuxia tv series
2606:Arthurian films
2582:Performing arts
2576:
2530:
2507:
2502:
2472:
2467:
2285:Opera semiseria
2130:Fait historique
2068:Comédie lyrique
2035:BĂŒhnenfestspiel
2028:Ballet héroïque
2014:Azione teatrale
1985:
1980:
1876:Pendle, Karin:
1846:Gerhard, Anselm
1781:Hector Berlioz:
1765:: 512â517, ed.
1749:
1744:
1743:
1737:Wayback Machine
1728:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1702:
1698:
1683:"Vasco de Gama"
1681:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1623:
1619:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1593:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1541:
1537:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1297:'Grand opera',
1296:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1245:
1209:Eduard Hanslick
1194:is in effect a
1172:GötterdÀmmerung
1090:
995:
978:
947:
924:
910:Ămile Paladilhe
894:(Paris, 1883).
838:
751:
728:
639:Henri Duponchel
573:
559:July Revolution
541:
499:
468:, Auber, (1850)
380:, Auber, (1839)
377:Le lac des fées
320:, Auber, (1833)
262:
256:
251:
231:Ătienne de Jouy
184:Les Abencérages
163:Luigi Cherubini
99:Luigi Cherubini
95:
71:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2750:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2622:Samurai cinema
2614:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2345:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2144:Festa teatrale
2140:
2133:
2126:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2096:Dramma giocoso
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1998:
1995:Acte de ballet
1990:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1923:
1906:
1894:, Paris, 1893
1888:
1874:
1860:
1843:
1829:
1811:
1795:
1777:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1722:
1696:
1674:
1648:
1617:
1604:
1591:
1570:
1561:
1549:klassikinfo.de
1535:
1520:
1494:
1467:
1435:
1409:
1391:Guillaume Tell
1380:
1360:Guillaume Tell
1345:
1333:
1324:
1311:
1302:
1290:
1281:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1244:
1241:
1175:, as noted by
1137:Richard Wagner
1110:Richard Wagner
1102:Charles Cambon
1089:
1086:
994:
991:
977:
974:
951:Guillaume Tell
946:
943:
923:
920:
882:Charles Gounod
856:Jules Massenet
837:
834:
812:Giuseppe Verdi
802:Charles Gounod
789:Hector Berlioz
771:Charles Gounod
755:Giuseppe Verdi
750:
747:
733:Richard Wagner
727:
724:
686:Giuseppe Verdi
572:
569:
564:Guillaume Tell
554:Guillaume Tell
527:sensationalism
523:Mount Vesuvius
501:
500:
498:
497:
490:
483:
475:
472:
471:
470:
469:
461:
453:
441:
440:, Balfe (1845)
433:
425:
417:
409:
401:
393:
381:
373:
365:
353:
341:
333:
321:
313:
301:
293:Guillaume Tell
289:
274:
273:
265:
264:
255:
252:
250:
247:
236:Guillaume Tell
178:Fernand Cortez
140:Set design by
94:
91:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2749:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2732:Opera history
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2702:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2660:
2655:
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2638:
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2533:
2527:
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2522:
2519:
2517:
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2513:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2464:
2463:
2462:Zwischenspiel
2459:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2431:
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2428:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2410:
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2401:
2400:
2396:
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2320:
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2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2278:Opéra lyrique
2275:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2264:Opéra comique
2261:
2259:
2258:
2257:Opéra bouffon
2254:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2198:Literaturoper
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2158:GĂ©nero grande
2155:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2082:Drame lyrique
2079:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2055:Chamber opera
2053:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:Warrack, John
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1767:Stanley Sadie
1764:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1636:
1632:
1631:operanews.com
1628:
1621:
1614:
1608:
1601:
1595:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1565:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1482:
1481:operanews.com
1478:
1471:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1424:
1423:operanews.com
1420:
1419:"La Favorite"
1413:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1384:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1328:
1321:
1315:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1285:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1243:North America
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:Les Huguenots
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:anti-Semitism
1214:
1213:Gustav Mahler
1210:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:Paris version
1164:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1120:Theodor Uhlig
1117:
1116:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1085:
1084:(also 1880).
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1061:in 1874) and
1060:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1044:Salvator Rosa
1040:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1004:
998:
987:
982:
973:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
942:
940:
939:
934:
933:Gaßté-Lyrique
929:
928:Les Huguenots
919:
917:
916:
911:
907:
903:
902:
897:
893:
889:
888:
883:
879:
878:
873:
872:
867:
863:
862:
857:
848:
847:
842:
833:
831:
830:
825:
824:
819:
818:
813:
809:
808:
803:
799:
798:
792:
790:
786:
785:
780:
776:
775:opéra comique
772:
768:
767:
762:
761:
756:
746:
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739:
734:
723:
721:
714:
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677:
676:
675:Dom SĂ©bastien
671:
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664:
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644:
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632:
631:Les Huguenots
627:
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621:
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592:
591:
586:
582:
578:
568:
566:
565:
560:
556:
555:
549:
547:
540:
536:
535:EugĂšne Scribe
532:
528:
524:
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516:
511:
510:
496:
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484:
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477:
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426:
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421:Dom SĂ©bastien
418:
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387:
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379:
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374:
371:
370:
366:
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359:
358:
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351:
347:
346:
342:
339:
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337:Les Huguenots
334:
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327:
326:
322:
319:
318:
314:
311:
307:
306:
302:
299:
295:
294:
290:
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278:
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271:
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266:
260:
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245:
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197:
192:
191:
186:
185:
180:
179:
174:
173:
168:
164:
160:
153:
149:
148:
144:for act 1 of
143:
138:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
90:
87:
84:
82:
77:
69:
65:
61:
57:
50:
49:
44:
43:
38:
34:
30:
19:
2727:Opera genres
2722:Grand operas
2653:
2649:History play
2561:Pirate novel
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2359:
2352:
2340:
2336:Rescue opera
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2271:Opéra féerie
2269:
2262:
2255:
2250:Opéra bouffe
2248:
2241:
2236:Opéra-ballet
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2196:
2189:
2177:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2151:GĂ©nero chico
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2122:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2021:Ballad opera
2019:
2012:
2007:Azione sacra
2005:
1993:
1983:Opera genres
1926:
1912:
1891:
1877:
1863:
1849:
1832:
1814:
1798:
1780:
1762:
1756:
1725:
1713:. Retrieved
1710:oper aktuell
1709:
1699:
1691:the original
1686:
1677:
1665:. Retrieved
1661:the original
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1635:the original
1630:
1620:
1612:
1607:
1600:Shaw's Music
1599:
1594:
1586:
1578:
1573:
1564:
1552:. Retrieved
1548:
1538:
1528:
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1507:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1480:
1477:"Don Carlos"
1470:
1458:. Retrieved
1452:
1446:
1438:
1426:. Retrieved
1422:
1412:
1400:. Retrieved
1397:Opera Online
1396:
1390:
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1365:
1359:
1348:
1341:
1336:
1327:
1319:
1314:
1305:
1298:
1293:
1284:
1271:
1248:
1246:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1206:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1180:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1134:
1127:
1113:
1107:
1097:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1070:
1062:
1056:
1053:Gustavo Wasa
1052:
1051:(especially
1042:
1036:
1026:
1022:
1011:
1001:
999:
996:
971:
962:
958:
954:
950:
948:
936:
927:
925:
913:
899:
896:Ernest Reyer
885:
875:
869:
865:
859:
852:
844:
827:
821:
815:
805:
795:
793:
782:
778:
764:
758:
752:
736:
729:
717:
708:
695:
689:
679:
673:
667:
661:
651:
645:
642:
636:
629:
623:
612:
602:
600:
595:
588:
574:
562:
552:
550:
538:
530:
504:
463:
455:
443:
435:
429:Marie Stuart
427:
419:
411:
403:
395:
383:
375:
367:
355:
345:La Esmeralda
343:
335:
323:
315:
303:
291:
279:
242:
234:
228:
223:
210:
200:
194:
188:
182:
176:
170:
156:
145:
118:
96:
88:
85:
67:
55:
54:
46:
40:
29:
2675:Visual arts
2633:Wuxia films
2617:Asian films
2552:Family saga
2348:Savoy opera
2331:Radio opera
2292:Opera seria
2243:Opera buffa
2229:Opera ballo
2191:Liederspiel
2165:Grand opera
2123:MĂ€rchenoper
1667:28 November
1611:See Grove,
1554:15 December
1513:22 November
1483:(in German)
1460:22 November
1253:William Fry
1237:L'Africaine
1233:Le prophĂšte
1115:Le prophĂšte
1067:Lauro Rossi
1063:La Gioconda
1013:La Gioconda
955:La favorite
807:L'Africaine
784:Les Troyens
779:grand opera
709:Le ProphĂšte
681:Le prophĂšte
672:(1840) and
669:Les martyrs
663:La favorite
650:(1841) and
604:Gustave III
594:success of
457:Le prophĂšte
397:Les martyrs
385:La favorite
362:Niedermeyer
317:Gustave III
224:Il crociato
211:Il crociato
193:(1827) and
175:(1807) and
81:Paris Opéra
68:grand opéra
56:Grand opera
18:Grand Opera
2716:Categories
2448:Zauberoper
2372:Semi-opera
2215:Musikdrama
2204:Melodramma
2185:Intermezzo
2001:Afterpiece
1627:"La Juive"
1454:BR-Klassik
1445:"Kritik â
1221:Nazi Party
1211:and later
1162:TannhÀuser
1047:in 1874);
1003:Il Guarany
963:Don Carlos
906:La Monnaie
887:Henry VIII
817:Don Carlos
769:(1859) by
738:TannhÀuser
707:Meyerbeer
653:Charles VI
513:(1828) by
413:Charles VI
172:La vestale
103:recitative
72:pronounced
64:orchestras
2626:Jidaigeki
2535:Subgenres
2420:Tonadilla
2413:Syngespil
2406:Spieloper
2399:Songspiel
2392:Singspiel
2361:Schuloper
2311:Pasticcio
2209:Monodrama
2179:IntermĂšde
1939:460748195
1904:503911859
1823:557984867
1715:20 August
1263:Citations
1196:Singspiel
1058:I Lituani
1049:Marchetti
877:Polyeucte
691:JĂ©rusalem
658:Donizetti
577:privatize
548:in 1830.
539:La muette
531:La muette
445:JĂ©rusalem
390:Donizetti
357:Stradella
310:Meyerbeer
207:Meyerbeer
152:Meyerbeer
123:Duponchel
2701:Category
2455:Zeitoper
2441:Zarzuela
2385:Serenata
2378:Sepolcro
2304:Opérette
2298:Operetta
2172:Handlung
2116:Duodrama
2049:Burletta
1900:17710718
1785:Ian Kemp
1733:Archived
1487:27 March
1428:20 April
1225:La Juive
757:, whose
656:(1843),
625:La Juive
546:Brussels
452:, (1847)
392:, (1840)
332:, (1835)
325:La Juive
312:, (1831)
300:, (1829)
288:, (1828)
219:Florence
131:Daguerre
111:Napoleon
39:(1871):
2516:Fiction
2434:Verismo
1935:7068320
1641:27 June
1402:8 April
1373:8 April
1340:Grove,
1320:Memoirs
1249:Leonora
1147:Dresden
1088:Germany
1024:Verdi's
915:Patrie!
854:opera.
585:Berlioz
533:was by
298:Rossini
93:Origins
1945:
1933:
1919:
1898:
1884:
1870:
1856:
1839:
1827:608910
1821:
1807:
1791:
1773:
1151:Rienzi
1142:Rienzi
1124:Jewish
901:Sigurd
871:Le Cid
846:Le Cid
823:Hamlet
618:, and
596:Robert
519:Naples
364:(1837)
352:(1836)
350:Bertin
330:Halévy
249:France
215:Venice
165:, and
127:Cicéri
115:ballet
2629:films
2597:films
2521:Novel
2222:Opéra
2137:Farsa
1613:Opera
1530:Opera
1342:Opera
1038:Fosca
1033:Gomes
993:Italy
866:Grove
829:Faust
766:Faust
609:Verdi
542:'
450:Verdi
286:Auber
60:opera
37:Degas
2635:and
2624:and
2526:List
1943:ISBN
1931:OCLC
1917:ISBN
1896:OCLC
1882:ISBN
1868:ISBN
1854:ISBN
1837:ISBN
1819:OCLC
1805:ISBN
1789:ISBN
1771:ISBN
1717:2016
1669:2016
1643:2018
1556:2018
1515:2018
1489:2018
1462:2018
1430:2018
1404:2018
1375:2018
1255:for
1235:and
1153:and
1028:Aida
986:Aida
961:and
884:and
666:and
129:and
1139:'s
1100:by
1016:by
890:by
800:by
787:by
660:'s
622:'s
611:'s
205:by
150:by
2718::
2631:,
2608:,
2604:,
1937:,
1902:,
1848::
1825:,
1761:,
1708:.
1685:.
1629:.
1585:,
1547:.
1506:.
1479:.
1451:.
1421:.
1395:.
1364:.
1231:,
1227:,
1204:.
1185:.
969:.
957:,
953:,
941:.
912::
722:.
700:.
643:âs
448:,
388:,
360:,
348:,
328:,
308:,
296:,
284:,
217:,
161:,
125:,
70:,
2661:)
2657:(
2639:)
2620:(
2612:)
2600:(
2563:)
2559:(
2497:e
2490:t
2483:v
1975:e
1968:t
1961:v
1763:2
1719:.
1671:.
1645:.
1615:.
1558:.
1517:.
1491:.
1464:.
1432:.
1406:.
1389:"
1377:.
1104:.
1069:(
1035:(
616:)
494:e
487:t
480:v
20:)
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