666:, systematically crushed any resistance in poorer western and northern parts of Seville with artillery and then firearms. Human shields were used by Nationalists but there were very few weapons against them. On 22 July, aircraft joined with shooting and bombing. More African-based troops arrived, as did Franco at the beginning of August, beginning the advance to Madrid. Between July and the following January about 3000 people were killed in Seville. Queipo de Llano's regular ribald broadcasts and his interviews were a key feature of Nationalist communications, bringing him fame. Often drinking alcohol (despite serious liver damage), he encouraged brutality, for example announcing to troops, "I authorise you to kill like a dog anyone who dares oppose you." He made up events avidly as he spoke, lauding Nationalist advances, detailing enemy atrocities, the rape and murder of young children and promising grim consequences to combatants and their families including sexual threats against women from his own forces - such words were removed for the printed record to make the speeches more palatable and major
149:
50:
721:'s Army of the Centre. Tens of thousands were killed in the area dominated by Queipo de Llano during the war and a similar number imprisoned. The coup in Seville, actually planned by major Cuesta Monereo, was claimed by Queipo de Llano as proof of his own mastery, bragging that he'd taken Seville with just 145 troops and civilians; broadcasting in early 1938, he reduced the number to fifteen men fighting against one hundred thousand communists. With the south secure, his essentially independent governance of the region led to further disputes with Franco and locally.
163:
178:
689:, with a history of sedition and murder who accepted his victims' sexual bribes, gravely insulted the Portuguese ambassador, a Nationalist ally. Franco ordered his removal and told Queipo de Llano to apologise. Torture, unfettered rapes, murders and massacres were committed by Nationalist forces (as allowed by commanders in North Africa) and justified by Queipo de Llano. Corpses were publicly displayed to terrorise; body parts were frequently cut off, following a grim tradition from Spanish Morocco (international journalists were offered such souvenirs).
562:. He proclaimed a republic over the radio while his co-conspirator took a plane to leaflet Madrid and bomb the royal palace. The plans fell apart due to a lack of union support so Ramon Franco flew back to Cuatro Vientos and Queipo de Llano and others joined him in the to escape to Portugal, whence they journeyed to France as exiles. In February 1931, his discharge was ordered because of his absence. He returned on 14 April when
860:
848:
685:. The area around Seville and Huelva was overcome and united with the rebel centres of Granada and Córdoba by September. He ignored warnings about the excesses of his commanders, and even requests of leniency from Mola and Franco for arrested commanders who were their friends but who were executed anyway. One of Queipo de Llano's appointments, captain
640:, Queipo de Llano declared martial law, making the first of his terror-filled propaganda broadcasts, declaring his control of Seville, commencing a series of doom-laden edicts, announcing the arrival of Moroccan troops and the rebels' control of other cities - including Madrid, one of many fabrications to come.
724:
Always something of an outcast for his coarseness, jibes and republican sympathies, he had not been made part of the cabinet after the
National Council was formed and was bitter about Falangists in positions of control. He'd demonstrated some skill in the administration of industry and agriculture in
600:, General Mola included Queipo de Llano in his coup plot despite the latter's previous opposition to Primo de Rivera and association with republicans. Others also persuaded him to join. Mola sent him to look at overcoming local reluctance in Seville to another coup after the debacle of the 1932
704:
in the bull ring, Portuguese and French journalists were stunned by the smell and sight of piles of burnt bodies in the cemetery shown to them by their guide, a local priest, who claimed "They deserved this." Following this, Franco told Queipo de Llano to exercise strict control over all
452:'disaster'. The following year, his (anonymous) criticisms of the Ministry of War were discussed in parliament; he organised an officer's demonstration leading to two months in gaol. After a year's leave in Argentina he was promoted to commander in 1911. In 1912, he was in
774:
were monitored - Varela sent him back to Italy. A medical certificate proved his poor health; he was allowed back in June but a decree forced his residence in Málaga, relieved of all posts. In 1943, he was transferred to the army reserves but not appointed to Franco's
769:
cross and asked to leave his post for health reasons. He was eventually allowed to visit his daughter in 1941 before her emigration to
Argentina and was allowed two months' medical leave in Madrid in January 1942. There, his snipes at Franco and the
1574:
294:" ("radio" or "broadcasting general" in English media) for his threats and explicitness on air. Under his control of southern Spain, tens of thousands of Spaniards perished as part of the Nationalists'
334:
480:
cross - promotion to lieutenant colonel (1914) and placement in charge of a military court (1916). Illness forced his convalescence in Madrid. Upon recovery in
February 1917, he was posted to
709:
and he became their head of state on 1 October. On 12 December, Franco created three large army units, including the Army of the South led by Queipo de Llano. A brutal
Spanish-Italian attack
379:
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and its poor consequences for army officers. He reported back confidently. In early July, he went to
Granada and Málaga then Seville and Huelva, to encourage hesitant officers. General
531:; he edited the first half-dozen, writing critical comments of Primo de Rivera who removed him in September 1924 and gaoled him for a month at Ferrol. His later involvement with the
1604:
317:, to María de las Mercedes Sierra y Vázquez de Novoa and Gonzalo Queipo de Llano y Sánchez. His father was the municipality's judge. He had seven siblings. After completing the
278:, later becoming outspoken about military and political figures which led to his imprisonment, removal from posts and involvement in plots against Spanish governments. He was a
626:. Of the remaining units in Andalucia, only the commanders in Cádiz - a crucial port - and Córdoba would support him initially. The murder and torture of opponents by the
830:(Law of Democratic Memory), his remains and those of his wife and his "right hand man" - Francisco Bohórquez Vecina - were disinterred by the brotherhood, cremated at
420:
751:, splitting up the latter for security. His late expression of support for Franco curried no favour. Franco posted him to Italy, making him 'president' of a
1584:
523:; general José Aizpuru Martín-Pinillos, high commissioner in Morocco, demanded his return to take charge of the Ceuta Zone and lead a column around
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to the captured airport. Over two nights, three columns of about 100 troops led by experienced commanders from Africa, supported by
Falangists and
1207:
1559:
636:(Assault Guard) resisted around the town hall but was well beaten that day by the coup rebels. In the evening, having captured the radio station
428:, where he lived with his mother. He married Genoveva Martí y Tovar, daughter of a judge, on 4 October 1901. The next October, he was with the
1579:
339:
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270:
y Sierra (5 February 1875 - 9 March 1951) was a
Spanish Army general. He distinguished himself quickly in his career, fighting in
279:
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796:; his response contained a barb about its perceived value for his heirs. In March 1951, he died in his farmhouse in Garmbogaz,
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brotherhood removed Civil War references from his tomb, replacing them with "brother". In
November 2022, according to
618:(who at his trial was defended by his son - a Queipo de Llano supporter - before execution). He gained control of the
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Desde la proclamación de la República al 18 de julio de 1936: el cambio de rumbo político en la II División Orgánica
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was given the award, not his base of
Seville. On 20 July, he criticised Franco who duly removed him as chief of the
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469:
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At the war's end in May 1939, Franco promoted him to lieutenant general. He asked for, but did not receive, the
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a post he also lost soon after but regained in
February 1935 after his daughter married the president's son.
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entrance exam, he excelled in courses there, also studying at the diocesan seminary. In 1891, he joined the
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and its brotherhood made him an honorary member posthumously for supporting building work on the basilica.
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with Mary R. Habeck and Grigorii Nikolaevich Sevostianov. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
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refused to meet him. On 18 July, he arrested Villa-Abrille and persuaded enough junior officers in the
822:(National Court) formally accused him of illegal detention and crimes against humanity. In 2009, the
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to revolt, arresting Colonel Manuel Allanegri and his old classmate, Santiago Mateo, colonel of the
49:
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Andalucia - if wholly in favour of Nationalist supporters - but his control was steadily weakened.
697:
238:
713:; thousands of refugee families continued to be shelled as they fled, in what became known as the
390:, Spain's second-highest wartime medal, amongst his other awards. He left Cuba in October for the
1450:
Conspiracy, Coup d'État and Civil War in Seville (1936–1939): History and Myth in Francoist Spain
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placed him in charge of his military quarter, a post he lost in March 1933. In September, with
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1208:"¿Quién fue Francisco Bohórquez Vecina, el otro general franquista enterrado en la Macarena?"
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566:'s republic was declared and was promoted to division general, leading the Madrid-based
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like other former generals. Significantly, he didn't support the restoration of the
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in 1893 along with Santiago Mateo Fernández (whom he later arrested and executed).
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558:'s failed coup on 15 December 1930, taking over the Cuatro Vientos aerodrome with
1490:
1471:. Penguin Books. London. 2003, 4th edition. (1961, 1987, 2003). London: Penguin.
183:
96:
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1182:"La Hermandad de la Macarena exhuma de madrugada los restos de Queipo de Llano"
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gave instructions to that effect in September, also wary of negativity abroad.
377:, he was made captain for numerous actions. The following year he received the
373:. For bravery, he was promoted to 1st lieutenant in October. In 1897, with the
92:
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for saving a soldier from drowning. In November 1909, his unit moved against
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as a trumpet player. Aged 18, he became an artilleryman and enrolled at the
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There followed many transfers and reposts: in December 1900, he joined
320:
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Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (National faction)
1292:"In Seville, Burial of Civil War Commander Reopens Decades-Old Wounds"
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415:
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in Alcalá de Henares - becoming a colonel - then returning to the
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after months of deteriorating health. His remains were placed in
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began immediately. Plans went ahead to secure Seville. The local
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300:. In his post-war roles he was effectively sidelined by Franco.
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resistance. He antagonised the Moroccan Directorate so general
366:
705:
photographers. Queipo de Llano and others supported Franco as
1087:. New York: W.W.Norton & Co. pp. 119, 135, 137, 141.
508:
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107:
presently undisclosed, formerly La Macarena Basilica, Seville
765:
for his Civil War role but he repeated his request for the
353:
In February 1896, he was promoted to 2nd Lieutenant in the
271:
1433:
Spain Betrayed: The Soviet Union in the Spanish Civil War
1261:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
1063:
The Spanish Republic and the Spanish Civil War, 1931-1939
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cross but only for the first nine days of the Civil War.
547:
so was recalled to Madrid in July 1926. In 1928, general
476:
cavalry group in 1913 - through which he gained another
468:
to command three squadrons (this part of Morocco became
1605:
Perpetrators of political repression in Francoist Spain
1389:
The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution and Revenge
527:. With Franco (then a lieutenant colonel) he published
1595:
Spanish military personnel of the Spanish–American War
1335:
The Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union, and Communism
755:, a role with little purpose, and then as an attaché.
1242:
The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939
1065:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 225.
836:
1103:
The Battle for Spain:The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939
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1009:"Treaty Between France and Spain Regarding Morocco"
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739:, Spain's highest military honour, but the city of
711:crushed republican resistance in and around Málaga
1491:Newspaper clippings about Gonzalo Queipo de Llano
1373:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
1276:The Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931–1939
1536:
1417:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. (2012),
1105:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 59.
954:
507:made him brigadier general and 2nd commander in
397:
31: and the second or maternal family name is
911:
519:transferred him to the military government of
981:
905:
1371:Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany, and World
1337:. New Haven; London: Yale University Press.
1144:
1431:; Mary Habeck, Grigory Sevostianov (2001).
1078:
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551:sent him to languish in the army reserves.
834:and the remains returned to the families.
1278:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1131:
1129:
1127:
1120:. Cambridge: Cambridge. pp. 83, 164.
1013:The American Journal of International Law
717:. In 1937, the southern Army worked with
511:. In 1923 and 1924 his units policed the
54:Speaking on the Seville Radio, late 1930s
1585:Recipients of the Military Medal (Spain)
1286:. OCLC 185862219, another edition, 1967.
1174:
1159:
1096:
1094:
1069:
941:
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759:, the Minister of the Army, awarded him
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1560:People from the Province of Valladolid
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1289:
1200:
1124:
1054:
945:
404:Regimiento de Lanceros de Villaviciosa
375:Regimiento Expedicionario del Príncipe
1319:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1140:. London: Phoenix Press. p. 212.
1135:
1115:
1109:
1091:
950:. London: Penguin Books. p. 923.
930:
828:la Ley 20/2022 de Memoria Democrática
728:
624:Regimiento de Artillería Ligera n.º 3
261:Order of Military Merit (Grand Cross)
1391:. Harper Perennial. London. (2006).
1290:Minder, Raphael (October 15, 2018).
643:On 20 July, the first troops of the
369:in August and joining battle in the
335:Academia de Caballería de Valladolid
918:(PhD thesis). Universidad de Huelva
673:On 12 August 1936, Franco made him
410:); four months later he was in the
392:Regimiento de Reserva de Valladolid
326:4.º Batallón de Artillería de Plaza
13:
1230:
1100:
984:"Gonzalo Queipo de Llano y Sierra"
736:gran cruz laureada de San Fernando
458:Regimiento de Cazadores de Vitoria
430:Regimiento de Lanceros de la Reina
355:Regimiento de Dragones de Santiago
14:
1631:
1580:Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
1484:
1355:. University of Wisconsin Press.
1259:Britain and the Spanish Civil War
491:Returning in 1918, he joined the
257:Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
1610:Prisoners and detainees of Spain
912:Gil Honduvilla, Joaquín (2010).
858:
846:
675:inspector general de Carabineros
589:
584:inspector general de Carabineros
371:Regimiento de Caballería Pizarro
176:
161:
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1528:Gonzalo Queipo de Llano y Martí
792:In April 1950, Franco made him
608:José Fernández de Villa-Abrille
582:as prime minister, he was made
572:Inspección General del Ejército
529:La Revista de Tropas Coloniales
380:Orden militar de María Cristina
901:. Ed. de bolsillo. p. 23.
785:. Franco finally gave him the
651:(foreign legion) flew in from
612:Regimiento de Infantería n.º 6
556:José Sánchez-Guerra y Martínez
541:Asociación Militar Republicana
493:Regimiento de Húsares de Pavía
308:
1:
982:Puell de la Villa, Fernando.
883:
533:Comité Militar Revolucionario
361:. He requested a transfer to
226:Nationalist Army of the South
1555:Anti-communist propagandists
1523:1 April 1950 – 9 March 1951
1456:. PhD dissertation. London:
1447:Rúben Emanuel Serém (2012).
1166:"Queipo de Llano expelled".
1138:The Franco Regime, 1936-1975
988:Real Academia de la Historia
398:Spain, Morocco and Argentina
303:
228:Captain General of Andalusia
23:, the first or paternal
7:
1570:Spanish lieutenant generals
1565:People from Francoist Spain
1520:Marquis of Queipo de Llano
1495:20th Century Press Archives
1353:Fascism in Spain, 1923–1977
871:
647:(Moroccan mercenaries) and
535:saw him transferred to the
497:Depósito de Reserva de Lugo
439:Orden Civil de Beneficencia
282:military leader during the
16:Spanish general (1875–1951)
10:
1636:
1151:"Radio General "Exiled"".
1136:Payne, Stanley G. (2000).
1116:Payne, Stanley G. (2012).
803:la basílica de la Macarena
794:marqués de Queipo de Llano
290:, gaining the soubriquet "
230:División General of Madrid
18:
1525:
1518:
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1170:. 6 July 1942. p. 1.
1155:. 6 July 1942. p. 3.
1061:Jackson, Gabriel (1967).
809:
683:Junta de Defensa Nacional
594:After the victory of the
570:and becoming head of the
537:III Brigada de Caballería
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899:La Guerra Civil Española
616:Regimiento de Caballería
549:Severiano Martínez Anido
484:then requested leave to
436:. There he received the
1590:Spanish anti-communists
1244:. Penguin Books. 2006.
753:Misión Militar Especial
620:División Orgánica n.º 2
348:
268:Gonzalo Queipo de Llano
42:Gonzalo Queipo de Llano
1317:The Spanish Revolution
1083:Preston, Paul (2012).
897:Preston, Paul (2003).
517:Miguel Primo de Rivera
470:a Spanish protectorate
292:El general de la radio
127:37.402525°N 5.989407°W
1600:Spanish propagandists
1469:The Spanish Civil War
1415:The Spanish Holocaust
1118:The Spanish Civil War
1085:The Spanish Holocaust
948:The Spanish Civil War
946:Thomas, Hugh (2001).
749:2.ª División Orgánica
679:2.ª División Orgánica
568:1.ª División Orgánica
205:Years of service
681:and a member of the
576:Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
505:Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
503:. In December 1922,
501:Lanceros de la Reina
446:tribesmen after the
408:Jerez de la Frontera
239:Spanish–American War
132:37.402525; -5.989407
1615:Marquesses of Spain
668:José Cuesta Monereo
638:Unión Radio Sevilla
545:Eduardo López Ochoa
456:before joining the
123: /
1297:The New York Times
1019:(2): 81–99. 1913.
832:Alcalá de Guadaira
820:Audiencia Nacional
762:la Medalla Militar
729:Post-War isolation
687:Manuel Díaz Criado
472:that year) then a
412:Lanceros de Borbón
1533:
1532:
1526:Succeeded by
1479:. OCLC 248799351.
1405:978-0-393-32987-2
1379:978-0-300-12282-4
1345:. OCLC 186010979.
1214:. 3 November 2022
1212:Diario de Sevilla
1188:. 2 November 2022
1168:Press and Journal
702:public executions
634:Guardia de Asalto
580:Alejandro Lerroux
449:Barranco del Lobo
434:Alcalá de Henares
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1443:. OCLC 186413320
1399:/ 0-393-32987-9
1367:Stanley G. Payne
1349:Stanley G. Payne
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1385:Paul Preston
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1255:Tom Buchanan
1241:
1216:. Retrieved
1211:
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1190:. Retrieved
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199:Spanish Army
88:(1951-03-09)
86:9 March 1951
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21:Spanish name
1620:Tordesillas
1550:1951 deaths
1545:1875 births
1465:Hugh Thomas
878:Carabineros
745:Carabineros
649:legionarios
424:Lancers in
383: [
338: [
315:Tordesillas
309:Early years
280:Nationalist
187:(1936–1951)
172:(1931–1936)
157:(1896–1931)
130: /
73:Tordesillas
1539:Categories
1369:, (2008).
1351:, (1999).
1274:, (1965).
1257:, (1997).
884:References
741:Valladolid
603:Sanjurjada
426:Valladolid
321:Ponferrada
143:Allegiance
115:37°24′09″N
66:1875-02-05
1306:0362-4331
1218:29 August
1192:29 August
1041:246007581
853:Biography
700:and mass
645:regulares
416:Salamanca
304:Biography
208:1896–1939
118:5°59′22″W
1413:(2012).
1333:(2004).
1315:(1970).
1240:(2006).
1186:El Mundo
872:See also
824:Macarena
783:monarchy
747:and the
715:Desbandá
663:Requetés
454:Albacete
421:Farnesio
223:Commands
193:Service/
19:In this
1497:of the
1493:in the
1046:29 July
1033:2212275
993:16 July
922:25 July
839:Portals
818:of the
772:Falange
694:Badajoz
659:Carlist
654:Tétouan
629:Falange
525:Tétouan
513:Ghomara
482:Córdoba
474:Larache
462:Granada
359:Granada
276:Morocco
243:Rif War
25:surname
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1031:
810:Legacy
495:, the
444:Rifian
367:Havana
330:Ferrol
286:under
253:Awards
195:branch
181:
166:
103:Buried
33:Sierra
1454:(PDF)
1037:S2CID
1029:JSTOR
865:Spain
521:Cádiz
509:Ceuta
486:Ávila
387:]
342:]
1473:ISBN
1437:ISBN
1419:ISBN
1401:ISBN
1393:ISBN
1375:ISBN
1357:ISBN
1339:ISBN
1321:ISBN
1302:ISSN
1280:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1246:ISBN
1220:2023
1194:2023
1048:2023
995:2023
924:2023
622:and
363:Cuba
349:Cuba
274:and
272:Cuba
213:Rank
83:Died
60:Born
1499:ZBW
1458:LSE
1021:doi
432:in
328:in
27:is
1541::
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1126:^
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64:(
35:.
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