691:
45:
560:
902:
988:
1003:
including
Adababay Iyasus, Adababay Tekle Haymanot, Atatami Mikael, Gemjabet Mariyam, Fit Mikael and Qeddus Abbo. Fasilides was also credited with building seven stone bridges including the Sebrara Dildiy bridge over the Blue Nile. Fasilides contributed a new church at the Cathedral of
1044:
incursions, which further increased the prevalence of defense buildings and castles in the area. The style continued to prevail in
Fasilides' reign through the Gondarine period and the 17th and 18th century, and went on to influence 19th century design.
805:. In the following year, he marched to Lasta, where and retreated to the mountain stronghold there; "almost the whole army perished amidst the mountains, great part from famine, but a greater still from cold,” according to writer James Bruce.
1020:, Gomange, Guzara and Gannata Iyasus. After becoming aware of the fact, the scenario of urban life in Ethiopia was conceptualized by building more royal camps with replacement of semi-itinerants royal tents to stone and mortar.
1023:
The arrival of the
Portuguese in the mid-16th century also influenced the architecture style in the Gondarine era, primarily through the building of fortresses and castles. During Roman Catholic state administration under
889:
Scholars classify
Gondarine art into two phases: the first used bright colors and an absence of shading, while the second used darker shades of color that developed during the reign of
878:
murals. The diptych painting of the
Passion of Christ in Qaha Iyasus exemplifies a desire of visual imagery in Ethiopian art. Gondarine art was also influenced by Western
738:. The earliest style of art lasted until the early 18th century and was noted for its warmth of color, careful finish and richness of design. Gondar possessed favorable
596:
was founded by
Emperor Fasilides in 1636 as a permanent capital, and became a highly stable, prosperous commercial center. This period saw profound achievements in
812:’s death in 1706, Gondar began to decay as most Gondarine emperors preferred luxurious city life to spending time in politics. Empress Regent of Emperor Iyasu I,
963:
1256:
1121:
772:
from 1642 to 1647, in order to establish trade routes that bypassed
Ottoman-held Massawa, but was ultimately unsuccessful. During this period, the
957:
1558:
546:
370:
1686:
1585:
439:
1908:
1392:
2131:
399:
828:
occupied Gondar. His wish was to not only become emperor but to consider himself the real leader of the
Gondarine period. Emperor
2068:
1772:
789:
483:
787:
In 1637, the leader Melka
Kristos entered his palace to reclaim his throne, to which Fasilides quickly responded by dispatching
2202:
1568:
389:
1789:
1281:
1185:
1145:
207:
1348:
1528:
1501:
1012:, named "Old Cathedral" which stands next to the newer cathedral built by Emperor Haile Selassie. According to legend, the
302:
901:
832:
was an infant at that time who had no power. In 1769, Ras Mikael Sehul successfully killed Iyoas and crowned 70-year-old
1137:
Christian-Muslim
Relations. A Bibliographical History Volume 11 South and East Asia, Africa and the Americas (1600-1700)
2157:
1405:
1016:
would be constructed by the name of letter "G". As a result, the Emperor behind Fasilides often built stone castles in
1013:
933:
322:
262:
2197:
2192:
1602:
670:
in 1769 which marked the beginning of the country's decentralized Zemene Mesafint period, which lasted until Emperor
539:
500:
312:
44:
1822:
1573:
1538:
1779:
1653:
1005:
1928:
1784:
1760:
1580:
953:
282:
2038:
2019:
1893:
1799:
1738:
1648:
1633:
1385:
252:
1957:
1842:
1837:
1451:
532:
493:
488:
473:
429:
409:
332:
128:
24:
690:
2063:
2048:
2014:
921:
89:
2187:
1974:
1767:
1703:
1658:
1638:
1563:
1511:
982:
875:
379:
175:
1989:
1918:
1880:
1743:
1693:
1643:
1506:
1323:
679:
2026:
1979:
1969:
1938:
1673:
1597:
1456:
1378:
1054:
769:
601:
419:
232:
754:. Gondar also became renowned for the architecture of the imperial palaces, collectively known as
2031:
1913:
1903:
1875:
1827:
1804:
1518:
1493:
855:
272:
2009:
1750:
1478:
1037:
625:
242:
153:
1271:
1240:
1175:
1135:
1105:
2043:
1984:
1943:
1794:
1755:
1698:
1612:
1270:
Uhlig, Siegbert; Appleyard, David; Bausi, Alessandro; Hahn, Wolfgang; Kaplan, Steven (2017).
2121:
2106:
2058:
1923:
1814:
1726:
1663:
1533:
1421:
1309:
There are many lists of these seven bridges; an example can be found in Richard Pankhurst,
1029:
61:
8:
2150:
2083:
1994:
1933:
1863:
1832:
1681:
1625:
1548:
1523:
1446:
1413:
580:
576:
517:
478:
342:
292:
33:
734:. The Gondarine period saw numerous innovations, including the development of Christian
635:
in 1706 began the slow decline in Gondar’s supremacy. Emperor Iyasu I's regent, Empress
2004:
1898:
1436:
1250:
1115:
1032:, Gujarati (brought by the Jesuits) and their masonic style with local masons, such as
968:
505:
962:
lived there for some years. Among them were Franciscan Giuseppe Maria di Gerusalemme,
820:’s death in 1755, brief dynastic conflicts occurred between Mentewab's Quaregnoch and
2166:
2126:
2116:
2111:
2096:
2073:
1708:
1463:
1277:
1225:
1181:
1141:
731:
510:
118:
995:
One of the most iconic works of Gondarine architecture was a royal complex known as
1999:
1473:
1441:
1431:
851:
711:
675:
163:
98:
941:
1488:
1352:
1239:
Division, American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Areas Studies (1964).
1104:
Division, American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Areas Studies (1964).
883:
838:
794:
659:
587:
197:
816:, brought her brother Ras Wolde Leul to Gondar and made him Ras Bitwaded. After
559:
2100:
1885:
1847:
1041:
925:
874:. Diptych painting by the author Walda Mariam also contributed to the Egyptian
727:
699:
1201:
973:(who left a valuable report on the city), and the Jesuits Grenier and Paulet.
2181:
2091:
1468:
937:
910:
886:
paintings through prints brought by the Jesuits in the 16th or 17th century.
597:
108:
1062:
996:
825:
755:
739:
663:
640:
605:
1082:
1033:
949:
879:
833:
773:
735:
671:
726:
became a commercial and religious center, with Ethiopian traders called
2053:
1590:
1553:
1025:
917:
906:
781:
647:’s death in 1755, brief dynastic conflicts occurred between Mentewab's
449:
352:
1057:, known for his treatise on religion, morality, and reason, known as
1000:
761:
743:
707:
609:
583:
1370:
1401:
890:
871:
817:
813:
798:
719:
695:
644:
636:
617:
1226:"Ethiopian Religious Art: Gondar and Gondarine Painting Revisited"
1017:
945:
929:
867:
829:
809:
802:
765:
747:
667:
632:
613:
1426:
944:, were forcefully expelled under death penalty by Fasilides, to
604:, and innovations such as the construction of the royal complex
71:
1058:
723:
621:
593:
586:
in 1632 and a period of decentralization in 1769, known as the
1313:(Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University Press, 1968), pp. 297f
859:
821:
777:
751:
652:
987:
639:, brought her brother Ras Wolde Leul to Gondar and made him
1543:
1009:
863:
715:
563:
Fasil Ghebbi one of the more important castles of the era
824:
Wollo groups led by Wubit. In 1757, Tigray governor Ras
612:. In the arts, the Gondarine period saw the creation of
1269:
730:, and experienced a period of renewed stability in the
932:from Ethiopia and restore the state primacy of the
764:sought to establish diplomatic relations with the
2179:
956:friars sponsored by the Roman missionary agency
1040:also influenced Gondarine architecture through
608:, and 44 churches that were established around
1386:
854:’s religious motifs, with elements including
540:
1255:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1120:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1393:
1379:
1162:Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile
797:, and his brother Gelawdewos, governor of
547:
533:
1273:Ethiopia: History, Culture and Challenges
928:from 1622, Fasilides sought to expel all
1238:
1103:
986:
900:
689:
558:
999:and 44 churches that were built around
948:. During the early 18th century, a few
2180:
1400:
1374:
801:. Kristos was eventually defeated at
16:1632–1769 period of Ethiopian history
1276:. LIT Verlag MĂĽnster. p. 245.
1164:(1805 edition), vol. 3, pp. 435-437
13:
1245:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
1110:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
1014:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
934:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
916:Upon the abdication of his father
14:
2214:
1346:
1173:
991:Pictorial diagram of Fasil Ghebbi
746:and to northwestern regions like
694:Contemporary painting of Empress
628:, mostly with religious motifs.
1349:"The Meditations of Zara Yaquob"
836:, ushering in the decentralized
710:as the permanent capital of the
658:The Gondarine period ended when
43:
1340:
1316:
1303:
1290:
1065:became prominent at this time.
1006:Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion
976:
959:Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda
706:Established in 1636 by Emperor
1263:
1232:
1218:
1194:
1167:
1154:
1128:
1097:
1075:
936:in his empire. In 1622 Jesuit
1:
2203:History of Ethiopia by period
1068:
1048:
1311:Economic History of Ethiopia
1053:Ethiopian philosophers like
909:receiving Portuguese Jesuit
7:
1559:Federal Democratic Republic
922:Catholic Church in Ethiopia
10:
2219:
1242:Area Handbook for Ethiopia
1177:Social Studies for Juniors
1107:Area Handbook for Ethiopia
983:List of Gondarine churches
980:
896:
876:Monastery of Saint Anthony
850:Gondarine art drew on the
685:
283:Second Italo–Ethiopian War
2144:
2082:
1965:
1956:
1871:
1862:
1813:
1734:
1725:
1672:
1624:
1620:
1611:
1412:
1085:. Encyclopedia Britannica
590:("Era of the Princes").
579:between the ascension of
333:Eritrean Independence War
253:First Italo–Ethiopian War
2198:18th century in Ethiopia
2193:17th century in Ethiopia
1581:War in Somalia (2006–09)
440:Ethiopian civil conflict
390:Eritrean border conflict
856:illuminated manuscripts
845:
626:illuminated manuscripts
323:Federation with Eritrea
208:Ottoman border conflict
129:Amda Seyon's Expansions
1909:Industrial development
1823:National Defense Force
1564:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
992:
913:
842:(Era of Princes) era.
703:
655:groups led by Wubit.
564:
380:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
119:Early Solomonic period
1603:Territorial evolution
1498:Italo-Ethiopian wars
1140:. BRILL. 2016-12-05.
990:
904:
780:recurred, started by
770:Al-Mutawakkil Isma'il
742:leading south of the
702:Church (18th century)
693:
562:
313:Italian guerrilla war
2132:World Heritage Sites
2069:Water and sanitation
1494:Menelik's Expansions
1206:ethiopianhistory.com
1038:Turkish architecture
920:, who permitted the
146:Early modern history
793:Dimmo, governor of
420:East Africa drought
343:Ethiopian Civil War
293:Italian East Africa
243:Menelik's Invasions
1929:Telecommunications
1843:Army of the Empire
1524:Italian occupation
1479:Ethiopian–Adal War
1437:Kingdom of Wolaita
1355:on 16 October 2012
993:
914:
704:
575:) was a period of
565:
494:Army of the Empire
181:1557 – 17th cent.
169:1543 – 17th cent.
154:Ethiopian–Adal War
2188:History of Gondar
2175:
2174:
2140:
2139:
2039:Human trafficking
1952:
1951:
1858:
1857:
1800:Foreign relations
1790:Political parties
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1574:2018 peace summit
1464:Solomonic dynasty
1347:Kiros, Teodoros.
1328:home.iscte-iul.pt
1283:978-3-643-90892-6
1187:978-1-300-57084-4
1147:978-90-04-33558-5
732:Solomonic dynasty
643:. After this and
577:Ethiopian history
557:
556:
458:
457:
361:
360:
216:
215:
137:
136:
80:
79:
2210:
2160:
2153:
1963:
1962:
1889:
1869:
1868:
1838:Military history
1732:
1731:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1539:1974 coup d'Ă©tat
1484:Gondarine period
1474:Kingdom of Kaffa
1442:Ethiopian Empire
1432:Kingdom of Aksum
1395:
1388:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1351:. Archived from
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1320:
1314:
1307:
1301:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1246:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1171:
1165:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1111:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1079:
972:
712:Ethiopian Empire
676:Ethiopian Empire
569:Gondarine period
549:
542:
535:
474:Economic history
376:
375:
229:
228:
188:Gondarine period
182:
170:
164:Oromo migrations
150:
149:
95:
94:
58:
57:
47:
37:
19:
18:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2136:
2078:
2064:Public holidays
2049:Law enforcement
1948:
1887:
1854:
1809:
1713:
1668:
1607:
1569:Border conflict
1489:Zemene Mesafint
1427:Kingdom of DĘżmt
1408:
1399:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1345:
1341:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1268:
1264:
1248:
1247:
1237:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1210:
1208:
1202:"Gondar Period"
1200:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1172:
1168:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1113:
1112:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1051:
985:
979:
966:
964:Remedius Prutky
899:
852:Byzantine world
848:
839:Zemene Mesafint
688:
678:in 1855 in its
588:Zemene Mesafint
553:
524:
523:
522:
468:
460:
459:
400:Police massacre
373:
363:
362:
226:
218:
217:
198:Zemene Mesafint
180:
168:
147:
139:
138:
92:
82:
81:
55:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2216:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1975:Child marriage
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1768:Prime Minister
1765:
1764:
1763:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1678:
1676:
1674:Administrative
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1630:
1628:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1598:Historiography
1595:
1594:
1593:
1586:Civil conflict
1583:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1375:
1367:
1366:
1339:
1324:"Architecture"
1315:
1302:
1298:City of Gondar
1289:
1282:
1262:
1231:
1228:. 7 June 2022.
1217:
1193:
1186:
1174:Kassa, Taglo.
1166:
1153:
1146:
1127:
1096:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1050:
1047:
1028:, he employed
978:
975:
926:state religion
898:
895:
847:
844:
808:After Emperor
768:imam of Yemen
700:Narga Selassie
687:
684:
674:reunified the
555:
554:
552:
551:
544:
537:
529:
526:
525:
521:
520:
515:
514:
513:
503:
498:
497:
496:
486:
481:
476:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
456:
455:
452:
446:
445:
442:
436:
435:
432:
430:Oromo protests
426:
425:
422:
416:
415:
412:
410:War in Somalia
406:
405:
402:
396:
395:
392:
386:
385:
382:
374:
371:Recent history
369:
368:
365:
364:
359:
358:
355:
349:
348:
345:
339:
338:
335:
329:
328:
325:
319:
318:
315:
309:
308:
305:
299:
298:
295:
289:
288:
285:
279:
278:
275:
269:
268:
265:
259:
258:
255:
249:
248:
245:
239:
238:
235:
227:
225:Modern history
224:
223:
220:
219:
214:
213:
210:
204:
203:
200:
194:
193:
190:
184:
183:
178:
172:
171:
166:
160:
159:
156:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
135:
134:
131:
125:
124:
121:
115:
114:
111:
105:
104:
101:
93:
88:
87:
84:
83:
78:
77:
74:
68:
67:
64:
56:
53:
52:
49:
48:
40:
39:
30:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2215:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:Ethnic groups
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1919:Manufacturing
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
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2027:Human rights
1980:Demographics
1970:Architecture
1939:Trade unions
1739:Constitution
1529:World War II
1483:
1457:regnal lists
1359:18 September
1357:. Retrieved
1353:the original
1342:
1331:. Retrieved
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1180:. Lulu.com.
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1087:. Retrieved
1077:
1063:Walda Heywat
1052:
1022:
997:Fasil Ghebbi
994:
977:Architecture
958:
915:
888:
849:
837:
826:Mikael Sehul
807:
788:
786:
760:
756:Fasil Ghebbi
740:trade routes
705:
664:Mikael Sehul
657:
648:
641:Ras Bitwaded
630:
606:Fasil Ghebbi
602:architecture
592:
572:
568:
566:
444:2018–present
303:World War II
187:
103:100 – 940 AD
76:980 – 400 BC
1914:Land reform
1904:Foreign aid
1876:Agriculture
1805:Foreign aid
1654:Earthquakes
1519:World War I
1422:Prehistoric
1034:Beta Israel
967: [
884:Renaissance
834:Yohannes II
736:iconography
680:modern form
672:Tewodros II
484:Aristocracy
273:World War I
233:Unification
90:Middle Ages
34:History of
2182:Categories
2107:Literature
2010:Healthcare
1888:(currency)
1785:Parliament
1751:Government
1591:Tigray War
1554:Ogaden War
1534:Revolution
1333:2022-06-07
1211:2022-06-05
1069:References
1055:Zera Yacob
1049:Philosophy
981:See also:
950:Franciscan
918:Susenyos I
907:Susenyos I
790:Qegnazmach
649:Quaregnoch
450:Tigray War
353:Ogaden War
62:Prehistory
2044:Languages
1985:Education
1944:Transport
1894:Companies
1833:Air Force
1795:Elections
1756:President
1687:Governors
1649:Volcanoes
1634:Mountains
1613:Geography
1549:Civil War
1296:Getamun,
1251:cite book
1116:cite book
1001:Lake Tana
872:triptychs
762:Fasilides
744:Blue Nile
708:Fasilides
618:triptychs
610:Lake Tana
584:Fasilides
573:Gondarian
501:Expansion
454:2020–2022
434:2014–2016
424:2011–2012
414:2006–2009
394:1998–2018
384:1998–2000
357:1977–1978
347:1974–1991
337:1961–1991
327:1952–1962
317:1941–1943
297:1936–1941
287:1935–1936
277:1914–1918
267:1913–1974
257:1895–1896
247:1878–1904
237:1855–1913
212:1832–1848
202:1769–1855
192:1632–1769
158:1527–1543
133:1314–1344
123:1270–1529
2167:Category
2122:Religion
2059:Polygamy
2015:Maternal
1924:Taxation
1815:Military
1727:Politics
1406:articles
1402:Ethiopia
1083:"Gonder"
1026:Susenyos
954:Capuchin
905:Emperor
891:Iyasu II
818:Iyasu II
814:Mentewab
799:Begemder
782:Susenyos
720:Lalibela
696:Mentewab
651:and the
645:Iyasu II
637:Mentewab
614:diptychs
511:Aksumite
506:Currency
489:Military
113:900–1270
36:Ethiopia
25:a series
23:Part of
2151:Outline
2097:Cuisine
2084:Culture
2020:Women's
1995:Famines
1958:Society
1934:Tourism
1864:Economy
1780:Council
1744:history
1699:Woredas
1682:Regions
1626:Geology
1502:1887–89
1447:Emperor
1414:History
1089:30 July
1042:Ottoman
1018:Gorgora
946:Fremona
930:Jesuits
897:Jesuits
880:Baroque
868:diptych
830:Iyoas I
810:Iyasu I
748:Massawa
728:Jeberti
686:History
668:Iyoas I
633:Iyasu I
581:Emperor
518:Famines
479:Emperor
66:
2127:Sports
2054:People
2005:Health
1899:Energy
1709:Kebele
1704:Cities
1639:Rivers
1512:Second
1404:
1300:, p. 5
1280:
1184:
1144:
1059:Hatata
862:, and
860:murals
795:Semien
724:Gondar
660:Tigray
622:murals
594:Gondar
571:(alt.
467:Topics
27:on the
2158:Index
2117:Music
2112:Media
2074:Women
1886:Birr
1881:Banks
1694:Zones
1664:Fauna
1659:Flora
1644:Lakes
1507:First
971:]
866:from
864:icons
822:Yejju
778:Lasta
766:Zaydi
752:Sudan
714:near
653:Yejju
99:Aksum
2101:wine
2032:LGBT
2000:Flag
1848:Navy
1773:list
1761:list
1544:Derg
1452:list
1361:2012
1278:ISBN
1257:link
1182:ISBN
1142:ISBN
1122:link
1091:2022
1061:and
1030:Arab
1010:Axum
952:and
940:and
882:and
870:and
846:Arts
803:Libo
774:Agaw
750:and
718:and
716:Axum
624:and
616:and
567:The
404:2005
307:1941
72:DĘżmt
2092:Art
1008:at
924:as
784:.
698:at
2184::
1326:.
1253:}}
1249:{{
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1118:}}
1114:{{
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969:fr
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1190:.
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