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six days to the west and south-west of the field we are at present endeavoring to occupy. One of the chief natural reasons for the incursion was the killing, by the Goloks, of several soldiers carrying official dispatches and seizing four or five thousand yaks belonging to the High
Commissioner. The Goloks consisted of three groups and were a most haughty people, considering themselves impregnable, since they had never been subdued by the Chinese in all their history. But the Mohammedans with their up-to-date firearms practically annihilated one group, and the other two hastened to capitulate. It is reported, though that the first and most crushing blow was struck through treachery. The three groups were called together to tender their submission. The Goloks were suddenly attacked and a large number of them were killed. The remainder fled without making any attempt in their weakened condition to avenge their fallen friends. Then followed a chapter of awful bloodshed and cruelty. Men, women, and children were ruthlessly put to the sword and thousands were driven into the Yellow River to perish in its muddy water. A heavy indemnity was exacted, thousands of sheep, yaks, and horses driven away, and tons of wool confiscated. Thus is made safe for travel and missionary work a vast piece of country inhabited by thousands of nomads. We are praising God for the advance step He has enabled us to take.'
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The Golog sought to remain ungoverned by any polity, not Tibet, not Qing China. A Golog herder was heard saying in 1908, “We Golog have...from time immemorial obeyed none but our own laws,” A folk song recorded in 1951 asserted, “Against the orders of the Dharma King of Tibet I rebel! Against China I
1148:
During the summer months God again used the
Mohammedans of Western Kansu Province to answer more fully the prayers of His people for the last half century for the dark land of Tibet. In the month of April an expedition was launched by them against the wild Goloks, occupying a large territory five or
1143:
army, with its modern weaponry, retaliated in draconian fashion and exterminated a group of Goloks, and then convoked the Golok tribes for negotiations, only to slaughter them. A Christian missionary, in writing of the Muslim army's extermination of the Goloks as an act of God, wrote of the events
1078:) is sometimes interpreted as meaning "rebellious". A Chinese government document translated Golok as "turned head". Neither Tibet or China was able to subdue them for long. Legends say they were ruled by a Queen, a reincarnated goddess whose power was handed down from mother to daughter.
1134:
The
Chinese had never been able to control the Goloks before, some areas of which owed allegiance to Labrang, but many others which were completely independent. Occasional ambushes killed soldiers of the
1165:. The exact boundaries of the historical territory of Golok do not correspond to the boundaries of the modern prefecture. Historically the region knows as Golog included parts of northern
1117:, what had happened. The amban, admitting that the Golok tribes were beyond Imperial control asked Shabkar to try preaching to them in hopes that this might tame them to some extent.
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After
Tibetans attacked the Ninghai Muslim army in 1922 and 1923, the Ninghai army returned in 1924 and crushed the Tibetans, killing numerous Tibetans.
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The Golok were renowned in both Tibet and China as ferocious fighters free from
Tibetan and Chinese control. The name Golok (
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The Golok are not an homogeneous group but are composed of peoples of very different geographic origins across the
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1047:). The Golok were renowned in both Tibet and China as ferocious fighters free from Tibetan and Chinese control.
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1310:. White Star S.r.l., Vercelli, Italy. American edition (1996) by Stewart, Tabori & Chang, New York N.Y.
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Norbu, Namkhai. Journey among the
Tibetan Nomads. 3. Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, 1997.
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Rock, Joseph. The Amnye Ma-Chhen Range and
Adjacent Regions: A MonographicStudy. 127. Rome: IsMEO, 1956.
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Nomads of eastern Tibet: social organization and economy of a pastoral estate in the kingdom of Dege
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Kornman, Robin. (2005) "The
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region. The Golok was a haven for refugees and immigrants from all over the Amdo and
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In 1828 when the great mystic and poet of early 19th century Amdo,
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Thupten Chokor Ling
Monastery - The Great Stupa for World Peace.
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and they are an amalgamation of peoples of diverse origin.
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Rowell, Galen (February 1982). "Nomads of China's West".
1325:, edit. Fabrice Midal. Shambhala Publications. Boston.
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1338:Les tribus anciennes des marches sino-tibétaines
1357:. Vol. 161, no. 2. pp. 244–263.
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1340:. Paris. Presses Universitaires de France.
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1306:Baldizzoni, Tiziana and Gianni (1994).
1225:. Internal Chinese Government Document.
1223:Golok: From my perspective | 果洛：见闻
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1277:. Snow Lion Publications. p. 86.
1206:Rinzin Thargyal; Huber, Toni (2007).
1308:Tibet: Journey to the Forbidden City
963:1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet
1021:Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
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415:Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika distinction
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1196:Stein (1961), pp. 44, 68.
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1035:) and the sacred mountain
1323:Recalling Chogyam Trungpa
1240:Baldizzoni (1994), p. 53.
1092:Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol
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1384:Photos of Golok people.
444:Practices and attainment
432:Pointing-out instruction
343:Three marks of existence
1221:Da Jie 达杰; Da (2008).
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813:Tibetan Buddhist canon
1336:Stein, R. A. (1961):
1210:. BRILL. p. 185.
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388:Dependent origination
16:Ethnic group in China
1121:Encounter with China
1086:Encounter with Tibet
887:History and overview
286:Samding Dorje Phagmo
151:Second dissemination
1354:National Geographic
981:A Golok woman, 1938
674:Institutional roles
113:First dissemination
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1019:) peoples live in
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865:Tree of physiology
405:Four Tenets system
1331:978-1-59030-207-1
1175:Ganlho Prefecture
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652:Tashi Lhunpo
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205:Jigme Lingpa
125:Śāntarakṣita
1171:Maqu County
1037:Amne Machin
579:Mindrolling
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178:Sukhasiddhi
168:Abhayakirti
1301:References
1290:2010-10-28
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498:Deity yoga
474:Meditation
462:Bodhicitta
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130:Kamalaśīla
1371:643483454
1363:0027-9358
1185:Footnotes
739:Festivals
503:Guru yoga
486:Vajrayana
455:Pāramitās
355:Cosmology
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256:Taranatha
1406:Category
1388:Archived
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898:Timeline
766:Dosmoche
702:Rinpoche
591:Narthang
550:Dzogchen
427:Dzogchen
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183:Milarepa
145:Ralpacan
24:a series
22:Part of
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910:Culture
905:Outline
893:History
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806:Tengyur
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714:Tertön
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608:Palcho
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74:Bodong
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719:Tulku
709:Geshe
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635:Sanga
630:Sakya
479:Laity
393:Karma
262:Sakya
233:Marpa
226:Kagyu
158:Atiśa
89:Gelug
79:Kagyu
69:Sakya
64:Kadam
1367:OCLC
1359:ISSN
1327:ISBN
1312:ISBN
1279:ISBN
1111:Qing
1098:and
1060:Kham
1056:Amdo
1054:and
985:The
692:Lama
640:Sera
623:Rato
94:Rimé
1177:in
1173:in
1141:Hui
989:or
838:Art
1408::
1365:.
1263:^
1231:^
1169:,
1074::
1043::
1031::
1009:;
1007:果洛
1001:;
997::
26:on
1373:.
1333:.
1318:.
1293:.
1039:(
1027:(
993:(
965:)
946:e
939:t
932:v
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