603:
667:
accused in the charge sheet included 57 individuals charged with stoning and setting fire to the train. The charge sheet also noted that the mob attacked the police, prevented the fire brigade from reaching the burning train, and stormed the train a second time. Eleven others were charged as part of this mob. Initially, 107 people were charged, five of whom died while the case was still pending in court. Eight juveniles were tried in a separate court. During the trial, 253 witnesses were examined, and over 1,500 documentary pieces of evidence were presented to the court.
426:
734:, as well as Sections 149, 307, 323, 324, 325, 326, 332, 395, 397, and 436 of the IPC, along with relevant sections of the Railway Act and Police Act. The death penalty was awarded to 11 convicts, including those believed to have attended a meeting the night before the incident where the conspiracy was formed, and those who, according to the court, entered the coach and poured petrol before setting it on fire. Twenty others were sentenced to life imprisonment.
655:
mob attacked the
Sabarmati Express on 27 February, shortly after the delayed train left Godhra station. The president of Godhra municipality, Mohammed Hussain Kalota, was arrested in March. Other arrestees included corporators Abdul Razak and Shiraj Abdul Jamesha. Bilal was also alleged to have connections with gang leader Latif and was reported to have visited
413:, characterized the fire as an accident in its 2006 report. However, the Gujarat High Court later ruled that the commission's appointment was unconstitutional and quashed all its findings. An independent investigation by a non-governmental organization also supported the theory that the fire was accidental. Scholars remain skeptical about the claims of arson.
991:
commission, instated in 2004, questioned the theory of premeditation and called the incident an accident. The
Gujarat High Court ruled the latter commission illegal in 2006. Both commissions of inquiry are regularly derided as "politically motivated" by respective opposing political constituencies. Uncertainties surrounding the incident remain.
564:
hours before the train's arrival, its storage at the guest house of Razzak Kurkurâaccused of being a key conspiratorâand forensic evidence indicating that fuel was poured on the train coach before it was set on fire. The report concluded that thousands of
Muslims from the Signal Falia area attacked the train.
1022:
Hundreds of
Muslims then allegedly attacked with stones and torches, particularly the two wagons where the fifty-nine victims were found. The facts must be stated with caution here, because expert reports and counter reports have continued to contradict each other ever since The idea that the attack
746:
In
October 2017, the Gujarat High Court, accepting the prosecution's contention that there was a conspiracy behind the incident, commuted the death sentences of 11 convicts to life imprisonment while upholding the life sentences of 20 others. As a result, all 31 individuals convicted by the SIT court
705:
stayed the trial. In 2004, the POTA was repealed after the United
Progressive Alliance (UPA) came to power, prompting a review of its invocation against the accused. In May 2005, the POTA review commission decided not to charge the accused under POTA. This decision was later unsuccessfully challenged
549:
Shah died in March 2008, just a few months before the committee submitted its first report. On 6 April 2008, the
Gujarat High Court appointed retired judge Akshay Kumar Mehta to the committee. During its six-year investigation, the commission examined more than 40,000 documents and the testimonies of
737:
Maulvi Saeed Umarji, whom the SIT believed to be the prime conspirator, was acquitted along with 62 other accused due to a lack of evidence. The convicted individuals filed appeals in the
Gujarat High Court. The state government also challenged the trial court's decision to acquit 61 individuals and
720:
In May 2010, the
Supreme Court restrained trial courts from pronouncing judgments in nine sensitive riot cases, including the Godhra train incident. The trial was completed in September 2010, but the verdict could not be delivered due to the Supreme Court's stay. The stay was lifted in January 2011,
709:
In
September 2008, the Nanavati Commission submitted its report on the incident. In 2009, after accepting the Special Investigation Team (SIT) report, the court appointed a special fast-track court to try the case and established five other fast-track courts to try the post-incident riots. The bench
640:
The BJP, then in opposition in the Union Parliament, dismissed the report as an attempt to influence the upcoming Bihar elections. It welcomed the High Court's judgment, viewing it as a setback for the Congress. Lalu Prasad Yadav, then the Minister for Railways, cited the report as evidence that the
516:
A study conducted by the Gujarat Forensic Science Laboratory concluded that the fire was caused by inflammable liquid poured into the coach by the attackers. Additionally, the report indicated that the fire started from inside the coach, which explains the minimal scorching on the exterior below the
468:
According to one narrative, the train was attacked by a mob of around 2,000 people. After some stone-pelting, four train coaches were set on fire, trapping many people inside. Fifty-nine people, including 27 women and 10 children, were burned to death, while 48 others were injured. J. Mahapatra, the
666:
The SIT filed a charge sheet before First Class Railway Magistrate P.K. Joshi, which spanned more than 500 pages. It stated that 59 people were killed in the S-6 coach of the Sabarmati Express when a mob of around 1,540 unidentified individuals attacked it near Godhra railway station. The 68 people
654:
By 28 February 2002, 51 people had been arrested in connection with the incident on charges of arson, rioting, and looting. On 17 March 2002, chief suspect Haji Bilal, a local town councillor and Congress worker, was captured by an anti-terrorist squad in Godhra. The FIR alleged that a 1,540-strong
584:
criticized the premature absolution of the Gujarat government for its alleged complacency in the carnage before the commission's second and final report was released. The CPI(M) argued that the report reinforced communal prejudices. The commission has also been heavily criticized by academics, such
631:
Banerjee's findings were challenged in the Gujarat High Court by Neelkanth Tulsidas Bhatia, who was injured in the incident. In October 2006, the court quashed Banerjee's conclusions, ruling that the investigation was "unconstitutional, illegal, and null and void." It declared the formation of the
622:
to investigate the incident. In January 2005, Banerjee presented his interim report, which tentatively described the fire as an "accidental fire" after ruling out other theories. He cited a forensic report indicating that the injuries sustained by the victims were consistent only with an "internal
563:
officer, as the "masterminds" behind the operation. The committee's conclusion was supported by a statement from Jabir Binyamin Behra, a criminal in custody at the time, although he later denied making such a statement. Additionally, the report cited the alleged acquisition of 140 liters of petrol
990:
There are competing versions as to how exactly the fire started in the train bogies. While the Nanavati commission of inquiry (NCI), instated soon after the Gujarat pogrom and completed in 2008, declared that the fire in the train bogies was a premeditated act by Muslim conspirators, the Banerjee
690:(POTO) was invoked against all the accused, but it was later suspended due to pressure from the central government. On 9 March 2002, the police added criminal conspiracy charges. In May 2003, the first charge sheet was filed against 54 accused, though they were not charged under the
405:, appointed by the state government in the immediate aftermath of the event, concluded in 2008 that the burning was a pre-planned act of arson committed by a thousand-strong Muslim mob. In contrast, the Banerjee Commission, a one-member panel instituted in 2004 by then Rail Minister
770:
stated, "The theory propagated by the (central) government and some NGOs (Non-Governmental Organization) has been proved wrong...." Law Minister Veerappa Moily, a Congress Party member, said it was premature to comment and that the courts would take their own course.
602:
632:
investigation to be a "colorable exercise of power with mala fide intentions" and deemed the argument of an accidental fire to be "opposed to the prima facie accepted facts on record." The High Court also directed that the report should not be tabled in Parliament.
1789:
1785:
747:
in 2011 were sentenced to life imprisonment. Meanwhile, the 63 others who had been acquitted by the trial court in 2011, including the alleged mastermind, were re-acquitted by the High Court. The court also ordered the state government and the railways to pay
558:
In September 2008, the commission submitted "Part I" of its report on the Godhra incident, supporting the theory originally proposed by the Gujarat police. The report identified Maulvi Husain Haji Ibrahim Umarji, a cleric in Godhra, and Nanumiyan, a dismissed
710:
hearing the case also mandated that public prosecutors be appointed in consultation with the SIT chair. It ordered the SIT to serve as the nodal agency for witness protection, file supplementary charge sheets, and potentially cancel the bail of the accused.
729:
In February 2011, the trial court convicted 31 people and acquitted 63 others, concluding that the incident was a planned conspiracy. The convictions were based on the provisions for murder and conspiracy under Sections 302 and 120B of the
1162:
Because the fire was immediately preceded by a skirmish between the Hindu passengers and Muslims at the train station, the police â despite a lack of hard evidence â proceeded on the assumption that the fire was the result of a Muslim
540:
judge K.G. Shah as its sole member. However, Shah's alleged closeness to Narendra Modi drew sharp criticism from victims, human rights organizations, and political parties, leading to demands for the appointment of a
2995:
545:
judge. In response, the government reconstituted the commission as a two-member committee, appointing retired Supreme Court judge G.T. Nanavati to lead it, and it became known as the "Nanavati-Shah Commission."
416:
In February 2011, the trial court convicted 31 Muslims for the train burning, relying heavily on the Nanavati-Mehta Commission report as evidence. In October 2017, the Gujarat High Court upheld the convictions.
2743:
1884:
2769:
1563:
1249:
347:
1367:
580:
objected to the commission's exoneration of the Gujarat government, citing the timing of the reportâjust months before general electionsâas evidence of unfairness. Congress spokesperson
495:
Several independent commentators also concluded that the fire was almost certainly an accident, noting that the initial cause of the blaze was never conclusively determined. Historian
3510:
1375:
2545:
1202:
961:: "The cause of the initial fire has not been determined, but it was almost certainly not deliberately set by Muslims on the station platform, as Hindus frequently alleged."
536:
On 6 March 2002, the Gujarat government established a commission of inquiry to investigate the incident and submit a report. The commission was initially chaired by retired
465:, causing it to stop near the signal point. The train driver later stated that the brake chain had been pulled multiple times, as indicated by the instruments in his cabin.
1854:
461:. On 27 February 2002, the train made a scheduled stop at Godhra around four hours late, at 7:43 am. As the train began to leave the platform, someone pulled the
340:
2340:
678:. On 30 January 2018, Yakub Pataliya, aged 63, was arrested in Godhra by a team of B Division police after receiving a tip-off that he had been spotted in the town.
2456:
3192:
Nussbaum, Martha C. (2008). "The Clash Within: Democracy and the Hindu Right". In Ibrahim A. Karawan; IbrÄhÄŤm KarawÄn; Wayne McCormack; Stephen E. Reynolds (eds.).
589:, for obstructing the course of justice, supporting the conspiracy theory too quickly, and allegedly ignoring evidence of governmental complicity in the incident.
1745:
833:
Exploring the events of Godhra is the film's goal. Was there an organized plot, or was it just a random act of people setting the train on fire in a fit of rage
1894:
1689:
1659:
499:
stated that the official account of the train attackâthat it was organized and carried out by people under orders from Pakistanâwas entirely baseless. Scholar
1333:
1046:
945:
3503:
333:
606:
Justice U.C. Banerjee, presenting the final report of enquiry on Godhra fire incident to the Chairman of the Railway Board, J.P. Batra, in New Delhi in 2006
2137:
296:
3731:
1611:
1559:
1281:
550:
over 1,000 witnesses. Although the committee's initial term was three months, it received 22 extensions, until June 2014, to submit its final report.
3271:
1259:
717:, where almost all the accused were confined. The hearings began in May 2009, with Additional Sessions Judge P.R. Patel designated to hear the case.
694:(POTA). In February 2003, POTA was re-invoked against all the accused after the BJP retained control of the Gujarat legislature in the 2002 assembly
503:
similarly challenged this narrative, stating that several inquiries found the fire to be the result of an accident rather than a planned conspiracy.
3053:
2436:
3672:
3668:
3496:
3119:
2474:
2819:
1068:
618:
was appointed as Railway Minister. In September 2004, two and a half years after the train burning, Yadav appointed former Supreme Court Justice
2406:
3706:
311:
2794:
3376:
783:
added that the verdict had exposed the "nefarious designs" of the UPA government, which he accused of trying to cover up the entire episode.
3307:
2568:
2016:
1405:
1347:
2691:
2111:
1997:
453:
to participate in a ceremony called the Purnahuti Maha Yagna. On 25 February, 1,700 people, a mix of pilgrims and karsevaks, boarded the
1802:
2717:
695:
2669:
2371:
64:
1947:
3524:
1146:
Narula, Smita (2010). "Law and Hindu nationalist movements". In Lubin, Timothy; Davis, Jr., Donald R.; Krishnan, Jayanth K. (eds.).
3557:
2889:
2872:
898:
674:
district, Madhya Pradesh. On 18 May 2016, a previously missing conspirator, Farooq Bhana, was arrested in Mumbai by the Gujarat
3751:
3746:
2531:
1829:
492:
The cause of the fire remains disputed. In 2003, the Concerned Citizens Tribunal concluded that the fire had been an accident.
2600:
1862:
3716:
3228:
3183:
3034:
1543:
1518:
1493:
1468:
1155:
983:
470:
3140:
1434:
1094:
670:
On 24 July 2015, the prime accused in the Godhra case, Hussain Suleman Mohammad, was arrested by the Godhra crime branch in
2500:
2348:
17:
2844:
1585:
485:
submitted the first part of its report, which concluded that the burning of the S-6 coach of the Sabarmati Express near
3701:
3251:
3209:
3097:
3078:
939:
776:
573:
2770:"2002 Godhra train burning case: Gujarat high court commutes death for 11 convicts to life in prison â Times of India"
1203:"Godhra Train Carnage: Gujarat HC Commutes Death Penalty Of 11 Convicts; Awards 10 Lakh Compensation To Victims' Kin"
1015:
691:
687:
395:
271:
261:
1719:
1697:
1667:
3362:
3300:
2628:
1038:
926:
2996:"Accident or Conspiracy Godhra teaser out. Film based on Nanavati Commission report promises to uncover the truth"
3736:
3611:
2141:
3741:
3566:
3450:
829:
477:
Police, stated that "miscreants had kept petrol-soaked rags ready for use much before the train had arrived at
144:
3721:
1633:
301:
3696:
3269:
Report By The Commission of Inquiry Consisting of Mr. Justice G.T. Nanavati And Mr. Justice Akshay H. Mehta
560:
410:
316:
57:
3268:
3045:
3726:
3711:
3293:
611:
216:
3108:
2948:
2744:"2002 Godhra train burning case: Gujarat HC commutes death sentence of 11 convicts to life imprisonment"
2258:
706:
by a victim's relative in the Gujarat High Court and, subsequently, on appeal before the Supreme Court.
3691:
3584:
3472:
3394:
821:
758:
14 lakh or US$ 17,000 in 2023) in compensation to the families of each of the 59 victims.
641:
Narendra Modi government had orchestrated the riots that followed, calling it an exposure of the BJP.
3477:
2414:
808:
526:
482:
402:
286:
226:
206:
713:
More than 100 people were arrested in connection with the incident. The court was set up inside the
3647:
3629:
3593:
3345:
3239:
577:
291:
201:
196:
3638:
3520:
3488:
3467:
462:
221:
1175:
1120:
623:
fire." The report was also critical of the railways' handling of evidence relevant to the case.
3548:
3415:
3335:
2578:
851:
767:
714:
702:
619:
542:
276:
256:
251:
246:
236:
3201:
2115:
1994:
3620:
496:
450:
170:
152:
3193:
2661:
2638:
2541:
2381:
1974:"Union of India vs. Nilkanth Tulsidas Bhatia, LPA No. 364 of 2005 in SCA No. 16500 of 2005"
1397:
675:
586:
241:
231:
8:
3656:
3602:
3408:
797:, a 2005 film, uses the Godhra train burning incident as the background for a love story.
780:
175:
3443:
3316:
3153:
2973:
2897:
2869:
2605:
2536:
2441:
1889:
1352:
1254:
890:
537:
391:
211:
180:
2192:
2166:
2058:
806:
had the Gujarat riots as a backdrop for the main narrative. It was based on the novel
3247:
3224:
3205:
3194:
3179:
3093:
3074:
3030:
2820:"Godhra Train Burning Case: HC Faults State Govt, Orders Rs 10 Lakh for Victims' Kin"
2032:
1627:
1539:
1514:
1489:
1464:
1223:
1151:
1011:
979:
935:
731:
615:
454:
406:
379:
321:
2920:
2284:
2240:
2214:
2084:
738:
sought death sentences for 20 convicts who had been sentenced to life imprisonment.
3340:
1308:
846:
721:
and the judge announced that the judgment would be pronounced on 22 February 2011.
2310:
1589:
1023:
was "pre-planned" has never been substantiated by the slightest piece of evidence.
3422:
3275:
2876:
2001:
1427:
1334:"2002 Gujarat riots: Nanavati Commission submits final report to Anandiben Patel"
793:
500:
1690:"Gujarat: Nanavati Commission submitted its first report on 2002 riots in state"
772:
581:
429:
The platform at Godhra Junction. The incident took place a short distance away.
306:
1614:. Hinduonnet.com. 7 March 2002. Archived from the original on 10 February 2003
3685:
3369:
813:
79:
66:
2662:"It was not a random attack on S-6 but kar sevaks were targeted, says judge"
425:
1348:"Nanavati panel's final report in July | India News â Times of India"
2795:"In Godhra Train Blaze, Alleged Mastermind And 30 Others Acquitted Again"
1916:
Iyer, SH (MayâJune 2008). "Babu Bajrangi's bail and Gujarat riot probe".
802:
266:
3157:
2475:"2002 Godhra train burning: 63-year-old accused arrested after 16 years"
2925:
3281:
Detailed Report on the Godhra riots by the Concerned Citizens Tribunal
3090:
Pogrom in Gujarat: Hindu Nationalism and Anti-Muslim Violence in India
1973:
976:
Pogrom in Gujarat: Hindu Nationalism and Anti-Muslim Violence in India
3285:
2573:
2376:
2019:
458:
438:
370:
112:
2569:"Court: set up six fast track courts to try Godhra & riot cases"
1660:"Newly appointed justice Mehta of Nanavati Commission visits Godhra"
3436:
3401:
3280:
1788:
The Times of India, 28 September 2008. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
1536:
The Clash Within: Democracy, Religious Violence, and India's Future
660:
3518:
3221:
The Clash Within: Democracy, Religious Violence and India's Future
779:(SIT), expressed satisfaction with the verdict. BJP spokesperson
656:
474:
446:
442:
398:
of widespread and severe violence, took place shortly afterward.
387:
375:
116:
49:
1008:
Modi's India: Hindu nationalism and the rise of ethnic democracy
3429:
671:
486:
478:
383:
365:
45:
825:
depicts the train burning and the Gujarat riots that followed.
3027:
The Production of Hindu-Muslim Violence in Contemporary India
1459:
Metcalf, Barbara D.; Metcalf, Thomas R. (24 September 2012).
109:
3167:
Modi, Muslims and Media: Voices from Narendra Modi's Gujarat
2718:"Guj govt challenges acquittals in Godhra verdict before HC"
1803:"Godhra case: Eventually, Maulvi Umarji comes out unscathed"
3046:"Godhra train fire verdict prompts tight security measures"
2633:
434:
2457:"After 14 yrs, man who added fuel to Godhra fire arrested"
1928:
3116:
Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics
2311:"Charge sheet filed against 66 accused for Godhra mayhem"
1948:"Excerpts from the Justice U C Banerjee Committee report"
1586:"Report of Forensic Science Laboratory, State of Gujarat"
2341:"Special court convicts 31 in Godhra train burning case"
891:"Eleven sentenced to death for India Godhra train blaze"
681:
1855:"Gujarat may come clean today, say 1,180 died in riots"
1764:
1640:
1509:
Seiple, Chris; Hoover, Dennis; Otis, Pauletta (2013).
978:. Princeton University Press. pp. 31â33, 93â100.
2601:"Godhra carnage: fast-track court begins proceedings"
1746:"With 21st extension, Nanavati report after LS polls"
761:
511:
390:, India. The cause of the fire remains disputed. The
364:
occurred on the morning of 27 February 2002, when 59
3196:
Values and Violence: Intangible Aspects of Terrorism
2109:
1224:"Fifty-eight killed in attack on Sabarmati Express"
870:
POTO became an act as it was cleared by Parliament.
3139:
2437:"Godhra carnage: Main accused held after 13 years"
1885:"Cong, CPM question Nanavati report's credibility"
2372:"Chargesheets filed in Godhra train carnage case"
3683:
3240:"HinduâMuslim Relations and the "War on Terror""
3087:
1786:The Godhra conspiracy as Justice Nanavati saw it
1508:
1010:. Princeton University Press. pp. 39, 476.
973:
934:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 299â300.
3109:"Communal Riots in Gujarat: The State at Risk?"
2241:"Godhra, 'secular' 'progressives' and politics"
1511:The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Security
1250:"Sabarmati Express drivers appear before panel"
1069:"Godhra train fire accidental: Banerjee report"
3558:Charlotte's Dale train collision, South Africa
3176:The Fiction of Fact-Finding: Modi & Godhra
2526:
2524:
2522:
2285:"Chief suspect in India train attack arrested"
2161:
2159:
2130:
1966:
1830:"Godhra carnage a conspiracy: Nanavati report"
1712:
1458:
3504:
3377:Scarred: Experiments with Violence in Gujarat
3301:
3141:"Gujarat 2002: What Justice for the Victims?"
2401:
2399:
2259:"Chargesheet filed against 66 Godhra accused"
1781:
1779:
1282:"What is the 2002 Godhra train burning case?"
741:
610:On 17 May 2004, following the victory of the
341:
2882:
2629:"Godhra riots: Gujarat HC appoints 9 judges"
2335:
2333:
2331:
2185:
2103:
1538:. Harvard University Press. pp. 17â19.
1039:"Godhra verdict: 31 convicted, 63 acquitted"
520:
489:railway station was a "planned conspiracy."
420:
3068:
2560:
2519:
2156:
1588:. Outlook. 22 November 2002. Archived from
1483:
1463:. Cambridge University Press. p. 280.
1368:"Genocide in Gujarat: Patterns of violence"
1150:. Cambridge University Press. p. 247.
1033:
1031:
433:In February 2002, thousands of devotees of
3732:Railway accidents and incidents in Gujarat
3511:
3497:
3308:
3294:
3138:Jaffrelot, Christophe (25 February 2012).
2566:
2396:
2167:"Godhra report attempt to help Laloo: BJP"
2033:"HC terms Sabarmati Express panel illegal"
1776:
1484:Clark-Decès, Isabelle (28 February 2011).
1095:"HC terms Sabarmati Express panel illegal"
644:
348:
334:
312:2016â17 targeted killings in Punjab, India
29:2002 rail transport fire in Gujarat, India
3585:Potters Bar rail accident, United Kingdom
3137:
3106:
2890:"Godhra Train Carnage Verdict: Reactions"
2407:"Godhra train carnage judgement tomorrow"
2328:
2215:"Dozens arrested over India train attack"
2193:"Gujarat HC nullifies Banerjee Committee"
1934:
1770:
1646:
1578:
1005:
597:
592:
3244:A Companion to the Anthropology of India
3237:
3218:
3191:
3071:A Companion to the Anthropology of India
2659:
2369:
2110:Press Trust of India (13 October 2006).
1720:"Nanavati panel gets its 20th extension"
1612:"The Hindu : Probe panel appointed"
1533:
1486:A Companion to the Anthropology of India
1200:
1028:
601:
424:
3164:
2919:Ashraf, Syed Firdaus (2 October 2002).
2870:Godhra Train Carnage Verdict: Reactions
2501:"President's assent to four more bills"
2303:
2017:Bannerjee Committee illegal: High Court
1847:
1738:
1562:. indiatoday.intoday.in. 22 July 2002.
1216:
924:
883:
14:
3684:
3612:Kasganj level crossing disaster, India
3315:
2918:
2653:
2233:
1309:"No women kidnapped in Godhra: Police"
1242:
1145:
626:
614:(UPA) in the Indian general election,
3492:
3289:
3173:
3043:
3024:
2946:
2845:"Vindicates stand on conspiracy: BJP"
2138:"BJP cheers as HC slams Godhra panel"
1306:
1201:Mandhani, Apoorva (11 October 2017).
1049:from the original on 29 November 2014
786:
682:Prevention of Terrorism Act and trial
3370:Gujarat Files: Anatomy of a Cover Up
3125:from the original on 4 December 2013
3056:from the original on 23 October 2013
2692:"Key accused let off in Godhra case"
2672:from the original on 17 January 2016
2112:"Banerjee panel illegal: Gujarat HC"
1915:
1828:Uday, Mahurkar (26 September 2008).
1827:
1566:from the original on 9 December 2017
1001:
999:
969:
967:
920:
918:
916:
3069:Clark-Decès, Isabelle, ed. (2011).
2710:
2548:from the original on 1 October 2013
2363:
2265:. Press Trust of India. 23 May 2002
2251:
2207:
2085:"India train fire 'not mob attack'"
1893:. 27 September 2008. Archived from
1821:
1440:from the original on 1 January 2022
24:
3178:, HarperCollins Publishers India,
3169:. Manushi Publications, New Delhi.
3029:. University of Washington Press.
2896:. 22 February 2011. Archived from
2684:
2413:. 21 February 2011. Archived from
2347:. 22 February 2012. Archived from
1995:Banerjee panel illegal: Gujarat HC
1861:. 28 February 2009. Archived from
1408:from the original on 5 August 2022
951:from the original on 29 April 2020
762:Reactions to the SIT investigation
574:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
512:Forensic Science Laboratory report
25:
3763:
3707:History of Gujarat (1947âpresent)
3262:
3242:. In Isabelle Clark-Decès (ed.).
3088:Ghassem-Fachandi, Parvis (2012).
3044:Burke, Jason (22 February 2011).
2974:"India bans religious riot movie"
1461:A Concise History of Modern India
1148:Hinduism and Law: An Introduction
996:
974:Ghassem-Fachandi, Parvis (2012).
964:
913:
901:from the original on 24 June 2014
688:Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance
378:were killed in a fire inside the
272:2001 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre
262:2000 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre
3567:Al Ayyat railway accident, Egypt
3363:Gujarat: The Making of a Tragedy
2879:Outlook India â 22 February 2011
2660:Dasgupta, Manas (6 March 2011).
2577:. Chennai, India. Archived from
2380:. Chennai, India. Archived from
724:
3630:Rometta Marea derailment, Italy
3621:Igandu train disaster, Tanzania
3603:Tenga rail disaster, Mozambique
3521:Railway accidents and incidents
3165:Kishwar, Madhu Purnima (2014).
3146:Economic & Political Weekly
3017:
2988:
2966:
2940:
2912:
2863:
2837:
2812:
2787:
2762:
2736:
2621:
2593:
2493:
2467:
2449:
2429:
2370:Dasgupta, Manas (24 May 2002).
2277:
2114:. Express India. Archived from
2077:
2051:
2025:
2010:
1988:
1940:
1909:
1877:
1795:
1682:
1652:
1604:
1552:
1527:
1502:
1477:
1452:
1420:
1390:
1360:
1340:
1326:
1300:
1274:
1194:
1168:
864:
3639:Rafiganj train disaster, India
3451:Accident or Conspiracy: Godhra
3107:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003).
3092:. Princeton University Press.
2947:Gupta, Trisha (7 March 2013).
1258:. 16 July 2002. Archived from
1139:
1113:
1087:
1061:
1006:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2021).
830:Accident or Conspiracy: Godhra
635:
531:
227:1990 Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus
13:
1:
3752:Train and rapid transit fires
3747:February 2002 events in India
2059:"Laloo flaunts Godhra report"
1372:Asian Human Rights Commission
1307:Singh, Onkar (7 March 2002).
877:
302:2002 Raghunath temple attacks
292:2002 Akshardham Temple attack
3717:Anti-Hindu violence in India
3223:. Harvard University Press.
3219:Nussbaum, Martha C. (2007).
2567:Venkatesan, J (2 May 2009).
2532:"Chronology of Godhra trial"
1534:Nussbaum, Martha C. (2008).
925:Metcalf, Barbara D. (2012).
567:
561:Central Reserve Police Force
506:
317:2017 Amarnath Yatra massacre
7:
3576:Godhra train burning, India
3238:Williams, Philippa (2011).
1121:"More light on Godhra fire"
840:
692:Prevention of Terrorism Act
612:United Progressive Alliance
471:Additional Director General
217:1987 Fatehabad bus massacre
10:
3768:
3657:Kurnool train crash, India
3594:Jaunpur train crash, India
3549:Minot train derailment, US
3473:Coalition Against Genocide
2140:. IBN Live. Archived from
1513:. Routledge. p. 233.
928:A Concise History of India
777:Special Investigation Team
742:Gujarat High Court verdict
649:
524:
481:." In September 2008, the
437:(known as "Ramsevaks" or "
267:2000 Murder of Shanti Kali
3702:Arson attacks on vehicles
3666:
3539:
3478:Nanavati-Mehta Commission
3460:
3386:
3354:
3323:
1632:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
809:The 3 Mistakes of My Life
553:
527:Nanavati-Mehta Commission
521:Nanavati-Mehta commission
483:Nanavati-Mehta Commission
421:27 February 2002 incident
403:Nanavati-Mehta Commission
287:2002 Qasim Nagar massacre
282:2002 Godhra train burning
207:1983 Dhilwan bus massacre
130:
122:
105:
95:
56:
41:
36:
3346:Gulbarg Society massacre
2609:. Ahmedabad. 27 May 2009
1428:"Crime Against Humanity"
857:
578:Indian National Congress
396:Muslims were the targets
202:1983 Khoirabari massacre
197:1982 Bijon Setu massacre
3673:2003 ►
3669:◄ 2001
3648:Farragut derailment, US
3468:The Truth: Gujarat 2002
3025:Brass, Paul R. (2005).
2022: â 14 October 2006
2007: â 13 October 2006
1952:Daily News and Analysis
1807:Daily News and Analysis
645:Trial and court verdict
307:2002-03 Marad massacres
222:1987 Lalru bus massacre
154:Violence against Hindus
3737:Persecution by Muslims
3416:Bhoomiyude Avakashikal
3336:Naroda Patiya massacre
2875:4 January 2014 at the
1488:. Wiley. p. 245.
1180:frontline.thehindu.com
1125:frontline.thehindu.com
852:Naroda Patiya massacre
715:Sabarmati Central Jail
703:Supreme Court of India
701:In November 2003, the
620:Umesh Chandra Banerjee
607:
598:Appointment and report
593:Banerjee investigation
457:, which was bound for
430:
277:2001 Kishtwar massacre
257:1998 Prankote massacre
252:1998 Chapnari massacre
247:1998 Wandhama massacre
237:1993 Kishtwar massacre
3742:21st-century Hinduism
3274:16 March 2013 at the
3200:. Springer. pp.
3174:Mitta, Manoj (2014),
2037:The Financial Express
1666:. UNI. Archived from
1099:The Financial Express
819:The 2004 documentary
686:On 3 March 2002, The
605:
497:Ainslie Thomas Embree
451:Vishva Hindu Parishad
449:at the behest of the
428:
171:Religious persecution
80:22.77806°N 73.59778°E
3722:2002 crimes in India
3331:Godhra train burning
2949:"Framing the divide"
2921:"The Gujarat factor"
2639:Press Trust of India
2544:. 22 February 2011.
1976:. Gujarat High Court
676:Anti-Terrorist Squad
587:Christophe Jaffrelot
411:Ministry of Railways
362:Godhra train burning
297:2002 Amarnath attack
242:1998 Chamba massacre
232:1991 Punjab killings
156:in independent India
37:Godhra train burning
18:Godhra Train Burning
3697:Mass murder in 2002
3409:Vilapangalkkappuram
3246:. Wiley-Blackwell.
3073:. Wiley-Blackwell.
2000:24 May 2010 at the
1560:"Fuelling the Fire"
1404:. 3 February 2022.
1378:on 27 February 2021
1336:. 18 November 2014.
781:Ravi Shankar Prasad
627:High Court judgment
386:railway station in
176:Freedom of religion
76: /
3727:2002 Gujarat riots
3712:Massacres in India
3317:2002 Gujarat riots
2953:The Indian Express
2851:. 23 February 2011
2849:The Indian Express
2774:The Times of India
2748:The Indian Express
2722:The Indian Express
2698:. 23 February 2011
2668:. Chennai, India.
2606:The Indian Express
2537:The Times of India
2505:archive.pib.gov.in
2461:The Times of India
2442:The Times of India
2384:on 3 December 2013
2351:on 19 January 2013
2221:. 28 February 2002
2005:The Indian Express
1890:The Times of India
1809:. 23 February 2011
1724:The Indian Express
1700:on 3 December 2013
1670:on 3 December 2013
1353:The Times of India
1286:The Indian Express
1262:on 3 December 2013
1255:The Times of India
1230:. 27 February 2002
1127:. 10 February 2005
1073:The Times of India
1045:. 3 January 2011.
787:In popular culture
608:
538:Gujarat High Court
431:
212:1986 Kashmir riots
181:Religious violence
85:22.77806; 73.59778
3692:Conflicts in 2002
3679:
3678:
3486:
3485:
3230:978-0-674-03059-6
3185:978-93-5029-187-0
3036:978-0-295-98506-0
2900:on 4 January 2014
2481:. 30 January 2018
2195:. 13 October 2006
2173:. 17 January 2005
2091:. 17 January 2005
2065:. 20 January 2005
2039:. 14 October 2006
1937:, pp. 77â80.
1792:21 February 2012.
1545:978-0-674-03059-6
1520:978-0-415-66744-9
1495:978-1-4051-9892-9
1470:978-1-107-02649-0
1157:978-0-521-88786-1
1101:. 14 October 2006
985:978-0-691-15176-2
768:Shahnawaz Hussain
766:BJP spokesperson
732:Indian Penal Code
663:, several times.
616:Lalu Prasad Yadav
455:Sabarmati Express
441:") traveled from
407:Lalu Prasad Yadav
380:Sabarmati Express
358:
357:
322:2024 Reasi attack
138:
137:
99:27 February 2002
16:(Redirected from
3759:
3654:
3645:
3636:
3627:
3618:
3609:
3600:
3591:
3582:
3573:
3564:
3555:
3546:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3490:
3489:
3341:Best Bakery case
3310:
3303:
3296:
3287:
3286:
3257:
3234:
3215:
3199:
3188:
3170:
3161:
3143:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3113:
3103:
3084:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3040:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2886:
2880:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2750:. 9 October 2017
2740:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2528:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2337:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2247:. 25 March 2002.
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2144:on 25 March 2014
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2029:
2023:
2014:
2008:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1799:
1793:
1783:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1752:. 1 January 2014
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1696:. Archived from
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1439:
1432:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1374:. Archived from
1364:
1358:
1357:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1288:. 9 October 2017
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1176:"Guilty verdict"
1172:
1166:
1165:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1003:
994:
993:
971:
962:
960:
958:
956:
950:
933:
922:
911:
910:
908:
906:
897:. 1 March 2011.
887:
871:
868:
847:Best Bakery case
757:
753:
751:
350:
343:
336:
157:
140:
139:
91:
90:
88:
87:
86:
81:
77:
74:
73:
72:
69:
34:
33:
21:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3662:
3661:
3652:
3643:
3634:
3625:
3616:
3607:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3571:
3562:
3553:
3544:
3535:
3528:
3526:
3519:
3517:
3487:
3482:
3456:
3423:Chand Bujh Gaya
3382:
3350:
3319:
3314:
3276:Wayback Machine
3265:
3260:
3254:
3231:
3212:
3186:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3111:
3100:
3081:
3059:
3057:
3037:
3020:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2976:. 6 August 2004
2972:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2945:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2917:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2877:Wayback Machine
2868:
2864:
2854:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2727:
2725:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2530:
2529:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2445:. 25 July 2015.
2435:
2434:
2430:
2420:
2418:
2417:on 25 June 2013
2405:
2404:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2339:
2338:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2292:
2291:. 19 March 2002
2283:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2015:
2011:
2002:Wayback Machine
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1897:on 29 June 2013
1883:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1865:on 2 March 2009
1853:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1784:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1457:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1182:. 24 March 2011
1174:
1173:
1169:
1158:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1018:
1004:
997:
986:
972:
965:
954:
952:
948:
942:
931:
923:
914:
904:
902:
889:
888:
884:
880:
875:
874:
869:
865:
860:
843:
794:Chand Bujh Gaya
789:
764:
755:
754:(equivalent to
749:
748:
744:
727:
684:
652:
647:
638:
629:
600:
595:
570:
556:
534:
529:
523:
514:
509:
501:Martha Nussbaum
463:emergency brake
423:
394:, during which
374:returning from
354:
155:
153:
115:returning from
100:
84:
82:
78:
75:
70:
67:
65:
63:
62:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3765:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3677:
3676:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3650:
3641:
3632:
3623:
3614:
3605:
3596:
3587:
3578:
3569:
3560:
3551:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3395:Final Solution
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3313:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3264:
3263:External links
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:978-1405198929
3252:
3235:
3229:
3216:
3211:978-1402086595
3210:
3189:
3184:
3171:
3162:
3135:
3104:
3099:978-0691151779
3098:
3085:
3080:978-1405198929
3079:
3066:
3041:
3035:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3013:
2987:
2965:
2939:
2911:
2881:
2862:
2836:
2811:
2786:
2761:
2735:
2724:. 25 June 2011
2709:
2683:
2652:
2620:
2592:
2559:
2518:
2507:. 2 April 2002
2492:
2466:
2463:. 19 May 2016.
2448:
2428:
2395:
2362:
2327:
2302:
2276:
2263:Indian Express
2250:
2232:
2206:
2184:
2155:
2129:
2118:on 24 May 2010
2102:
2076:
2050:
2024:
2009:
1987:
1965:
1954:. 3 March 2006
1939:
1935:Jaffrelot 2012
1927:
1908:
1876:
1846:
1820:
1794:
1775:
1771:Jaffrelot 2012
1763:
1750:Times of India
1737:
1711:
1681:
1651:
1647:Jaffrelot 2012
1639:
1603:
1592:on 1 June 2013
1577:
1551:
1544:
1526:
1519:
1501:
1494:
1476:
1469:
1451:
1419:
1389:
1359:
1356:. 30 May 2014.
1339:
1325:
1299:
1273:
1241:
1215:
1193:
1167:
1156:
1138:
1112:
1086:
1075:. 4 March 2006
1060:
1027:
1016:
995:
984:
963:
941:978-1107026490
940:
912:
881:
879:
876:
873:
872:
862:
861:
859:
856:
855:
854:
849:
842:
839:
838:
837:
826:
822:Final Solution
817:
800:The 2013 film
798:
788:
785:
775:, head of the
773:R. K. Raghavan
763:
760:
743:
740:
726:
723:
683:
680:
651:
648:
646:
643:
637:
634:
628:
625:
599:
596:
594:
591:
582:Veerappa Moily
569:
566:
555:
552:
533:
530:
525:Main article:
522:
519:
513:
510:
508:
505:
422:
419:
356:
355:
353:
352:
345:
338:
330:
327:
326:
325:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
191:
190:
186:
185:
184:
183:
178:
173:
165:
164:
160:
159:
149:
148:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
107:
103:
102:
101:7:43 a.m.
97:
93:
92:
60:
54:
53:
43:
39:
38:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3764:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3674:
3670:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3649:
3642:
3640:
3633:
3631:
3624:
3622:
3615:
3613:
3606:
3604:
3597:
3595:
3588:
3586:
3579:
3577:
3570:
3568:
3561:
3559:
3552:
3550:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3533:
3522:
3514:
3509:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3311:
3306:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3255:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3187:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3121:
3117:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3002:. 30 May 2023
3001:
2997:
2991:
2975:
2969:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2915:
2899:
2895:
2894:Outlook India
2891:
2885:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2866:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2581:on 2 May 2009
2580:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2563:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2432:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2366:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2194:
2188:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1975:
1969:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1773:, p. 80.
1772:
1767:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1726:. 3 July 2013
1725:
1721:
1715:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1649:, p. 79.
1648:
1643:
1635:
1629:
1613:
1607:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1547:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1522:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1436:
1429:
1423:
1407:
1403:
1402:Outlook India
1399:
1393:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1343:
1335:
1329:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1204:
1197:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1024:
1019:
1017:9780691206806
1013:
1009:
1002:
1000:
992:
987:
981:
977:
970:
968:
947:
943:
937:
930:
929:
921:
919:
917:
900:
896:
892:
886:
882:
867:
863:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
836:
832:
831:
827:
824:
823:
818:
815:
814:Chetan Bhagat
811:
810:
805:
804:
799:
796:
795:
791:
790:
784:
782:
778:
774:
769:
759:
739:
735:
733:
725:Court verdict
722:
718:
716:
711:
707:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
679:
677:
673:
668:
664:
662:
658:
642:
633:
624:
621:
617:
613:
604:
590:
588:
583:
579:
575:
565:
562:
551:
547:
544:
543:Supreme Court
539:
528:
518:
504:
502:
498:
493:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
427:
418:
414:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
392:Gujarat riots
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
372:
368:pilgrims and
367:
363:
351:
346:
344:
339:
337:
332:
331:
329:
328:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
193:
192:
188:
187:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
168:
167:
166:
162:
161:
158:
151:
150:
146:
142:
141:
133:
129:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
98:
94:
89:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
44:
40:
35:
32:
27:
19:
3575:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3330:
3243:
3220:
3195:
3175:
3166:
3152:(8): 77â80.
3149:
3145:
3127:. Retrieved
3115:
3089:
3070:
3058:. Retrieved
3050:The Guardian
3049:
3026:
3018:Bibliography
3004:. Retrieved
2999:
2990:
2978:. Retrieved
2968:
2956:. Retrieved
2952:
2942:
2930:. Retrieved
2924:
2914:
2902:. Retrieved
2898:the original
2893:
2884:
2865:
2853:. Retrieved
2848:
2839:
2827:. Retrieved
2823:
2814:
2802:. Retrieved
2798:
2789:
2777:. Retrieved
2773:
2764:
2752:. Retrieved
2747:
2738:
2726:. Retrieved
2721:
2712:
2700:. Retrieved
2695:
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2665:
2655:
2643:. Retrieved
2641:. 8 May 2009
2632:
2623:
2611:. Retrieved
2604:
2595:
2583:. Retrieved
2579:the original
2572:
2562:
2550:. Retrieved
2535:
2509:. Retrieved
2504:
2495:
2483:. Retrieved
2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2440:
2431:
2419:. Retrieved
2415:the original
2410:
2386:. Retrieved
2382:the original
2375:
2365:
2353:. Retrieved
2349:the original
2344:
2318:. Retrieved
2314:
2305:
2293:. Retrieved
2288:
2279:
2267:. Retrieved
2262:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2218:
2209:
2197:. Retrieved
2187:
2175:. Retrieved
2170:
2146:. Retrieved
2142:the original
2132:
2120:. Retrieved
2116:the original
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2088:
2079:
2067:. Retrieved
2062:
2053:
2041:. Retrieved
2036:
2027:
2012:
2004:
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1968:
1956:. Retrieved
1951:
1942:
1930:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1899:. Retrieved
1895:the original
1888:
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1863:the original
1858:
1849:
1837:. Retrieved
1833:
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1806:
1797:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1749:
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1723:
1714:
1702:. Retrieved
1698:the original
1693:
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1668:the original
1663:
1654:
1642:
1616:. Retrieved
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1590:the original
1580:
1568:. Retrieved
1554:
1535:
1529:
1510:
1504:
1485:
1479:
1460:
1454:
1442:. Retrieved
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1401:
1392:
1380:. Retrieved
1376:the original
1371:
1362:
1351:
1342:
1328:
1316:. Retrieved
1312:
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1285:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1260:the original
1253:
1244:
1232:. Retrieved
1227:
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1179:
1170:
1161:
1147:
1141:
1129:. Retrieved
1124:
1115:
1103:. Retrieved
1098:
1089:
1077:. Retrieved
1072:
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1042:
1021:
1007:
989:
975:
953:. Retrieved
927:
903:. Retrieved
894:
885:
866:
834:
828:
820:
807:
801:
792:
765:
745:
736:
728:
719:
712:
708:
700:
685:
669:
665:
653:
639:
630:
609:
571:
557:
548:
535:
515:
494:
491:
467:
432:
415:
400:
369:
361:
359:
281:
31:
26:
3000:India Today
2980:26 February
2958:26 February
2932:26 February
2855:26 February
2645:27 February
2511:27 February
2388:30 November
2320:30 November
2245:Rediff News
2171:The Tribune
2063:The Tribune
1924:(3): 16â19.
1834:India Today
1266:30 November
1163:conspiracy.
812:written by
803:Kai Po Che!
532:Appointment
83: /
58:Coordinates
3686:Categories
3129:5 November
2926:Rediff.com
2485:30 January
2411:Live India
2345:Live India
2122:4 February
2095:4 February
2069:4 February
2043:4 February
1958:2 December
1918:Combat Law
1730:2 December
1186:26 January
1131:26 January
1105:26 January
1079:26 January
878:References
439:Kar Sevaks
71:73°35â˛52âłE
68:22°46â˛41âłN
3324:Incidents
2829:9 October
2804:9 October
2779:9 October
2754:9 October
2666:The Hindu
2574:The Hindu
2377:The Hindu
2295:1 January
2269:1 January
2225:1 January
2020:The Hindu
1444:31 August
1412:31 August
1382:31 August
1292:9 January
696:elections
636:Reactions
568:Reactions
517:windows.
507:Inquiries
459:Ahmedabad
382:near the
371:karsevaks
189:Incidents
113:Karsevaks
3437:Thamassu
3402:Parzania
3272:Archived
3158:41419907
3120:Archived
3054:Archived
3006:30 March
2873:Archived
2799:NDTV.com
2670:Archived
2546:Archived
2219:BBC News
2199:25 March
2177:25 March
2148:25 March
2089:BBC News
1998:Archived
1790:Archived
1756:19 April
1628:cite web
1596:19 April
1570:13 April
1564:Archived
1435:Archived
1406:Archived
1398:"Godhra"
1047:Archived
955:30 March
946:Archived
899:Archived
895:BBC News
841:See also
661:Pakistan
576:and the
145:a series
143:Part of
42:Location
3671:
3655:
3646:
3637:
3628:
3619:
3610:
3601:
3592:
3583:
3574:
3565:
3556:
3547:
3527: (
3060:5 April
2696:Mid Day
2479:mid-day
1980:2 April
1318:6 April
905:20 June
752:10 lakh
657:Karachi
650:Arrests
475:Gujarat
447:Ayodhya
443:Gujarat
409:of the
388:Gujarat
376:Ayodhya
131:Injured
117:Ayodhya
52:, India
50:Gujarat
3653:Dec 21
3644:Sep 15
3635:Sep 10
3626:Jul 20
3617:Jun 24
3608:Jun 4
3599:May 25
3590:May 13
3581:May 10
3572:Feb 27
3563:Feb 21
3554:Feb 6
3545:Jan 18
3444:Mausam
3430:Firaaq
3250:
3227:
3208:
3182:
3156:
3096:
3077:
3033:
2904:11 May
2824:News18
2728:11 May
2702:22 May
2676:22 May
2613:22 May
2585:22 May
2552:22 May
2421:22 May
2355:22 May
2315:Rediff
1901:30 May
1869:30 May
1839:11 May
1813:4 June
1704:11 May
1694:IndLaw
1674:11 May
1664:IndLaw
1618:4 June
1542:
1517:
1492:
1467:
1313:Rediff
1234:11 May
1228:Rediff
1208:1 June
1154:
1053:9 June
1014:
982:
938:
672:Jhabua
554:Report
487:Godhra
479:Godhra
384:Godhra
163:Issues
123:Deaths
106:Target
46:Godhra
3461:Other
3387:Films
3355:Books
3204:â97.
3154:JSTOR
3150:XLVII
3123:(PDF)
3112:(PDF)
1438:(PDF)
1431:(PDF)
949:(PDF)
932:(PDF)
858:Notes
366:Hindu
110:Hindu
3529:2002
3525:2002
3248:ISBN
3225:ISBN
3206:ISBN
3180:ISBN
3131:2013
3094:ISBN
3075:ISBN
3062:2014
3031:ISBN
3008:2024
2982:2023
2960:2023
2934:2023
2906:2013
2857:2023
2831:2017
2806:2017
2781:2017
2756:2017
2730:2013
2704:2013
2678:2013
2647:2023
2634:NDTV
2615:2013
2587:2013
2554:2013
2513:2023
2487:2018
2423:2013
2390:2013
2357:2013
2322:2013
2297:2014
2271:2014
2227:2014
2201:2014
2179:2014
2150:2014
2124:2011
2097:2011
2071:2013
2045:2011
1982:2014
1960:2013
1903:2013
1871:2013
1859:IBN7
1841:2013
1815:2013
1758:2014
1732:2013
1706:2013
1676:2013
1634:link
1620:2013
1598:2014
1572:2014
1540:ISBN
1515:ISBN
1490:ISBN
1465:ISBN
1446:2022
1414:2022
1384:2022
1320:2014
1294:2024
1268:2013
1236:2013
1210:2018
1188:2023
1152:ISBN
1133:2023
1107:2023
1081:2023
1055:2013
1043:NDTV
1012:ISBN
980:ISBN
957:2020
936:ISBN
907:2018
572:The
435:Rama
401:The
360:The
96:Date
3523:in
2542:PTI
2289:BBC
585:as
473:of
445:to
3688::
3202:81
3148:.
3144:.
3118:.
3114:.
3052:.
3048:.
2998:.
2951:.
2923:.
2892:.
2847:.
2822:.
2797:.
2772:.
2746:.
2720:.
2694:.
2664:.
2637:.
2631:.
2603:.
2571:.
2540:.
2534:.
2521:^
2503:.
2477:.
2459:.
2439:.
2409:.
2398:^
2374:.
2343:.
2330:^
2313:.
2287:.
2261:.
2243:.
2217:.
2169:.
2158:^
2087:.
2061:.
2035:.
1950:.
1920:.
1887:.
1857:.
1832:.
1805:.
1778:^
1748:.
1722:.
1692:.
1662:.
1630:}}
1626:{{
1433:.
1400:.
1370:.
1350:.
1311:.
1284:.
1252:.
1226:.
1178:.
1160:.
1123:.
1097:.
1071:.
1041:.
1030:^
1020:.
998:^
988:.
966:^
944:.
915:^
893:.
698:.
659:,
147:on
134:48
126:59
48:,
3531:)
3512:e
3505:t
3498:v
3309:e
3302:t
3295:v
3256:.
3233:.
3214:.
3160:.
3133:.
3102:.
3083:.
3064:.
3039:.
3010:.
2984:.
2962:.
2936:.
2908:.
2859:.
2833:.
2808:.
2783:.
2758:.
2732:.
2706:.
2680:.
2649:.
2617:.
2589:.
2556:.
2515:.
2489:.
2425:.
2392:.
2359:.
2324:.
2299:.
2273:.
2229:.
2203:.
2181:.
2152:.
2126:.
2099:.
2073:.
2047:.
1984:.
1962:.
1922:7
1905:.
1873:.
1843:.
1817:.
1760:.
1734:.
1708:.
1678:.
1636:)
1622:.
1600:.
1574:.
1548:.
1523:.
1498:.
1473:.
1448:.
1416:.
1386:.
1322:.
1296:.
1270:.
1238:.
1212:.
1190:.
1135:.
1109:.
1083:.
1057:.
959:.
909:.
835:.
816:.
756:âš
750:âš
349:e
342:t
335:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.