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with the end of
British colonial rule in India, an end to Portuguese colonial rule would logically follow. However, on 3 August 1947, Lohia announced that Goa's independence would not coincide with Indian independence and that the Goans would have to continue their struggle, "not just for civil liberties, but for freedom itself".
862:
defied the
Portuguese police and military, entered the borders of Goa, raised Indian Tricolour, and were fired upon and lathi-charged brutally. Many were killed, many more others arrested and sent to jails inside Goa and inhumanly treated. Many others were even sent to jails in Portugal and were brutally tortured.
338:. There were 14 local revolts against Portuguese rule (the final attempt in 1912), but none of these uprisings was successful. The failure of these uprisings was due to the lack of interest from the majority of Goans, who were comfortable with Portuguese rule and were not interested in change, especially since the
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The
Portuguese responded to the Satyagrahas, which continued throughout 1955, by sealing Goa's borders in an attempt to curb the growing illegal immigration from India. By 1955, the Indian government had developed a clear policy on Portuguese Goan territory, which supported merger of Goa with India.
717:
in
Portugal (a representative body of the Indian government), sought to negotiate with Portugal on the issue of its territories in India. The Indian government offered a direct transfer; however, the Portuguese refused and diplomatic relations between the two countries deteriorated. On 11 June 1953,
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should attempt to unite under the common objective of achieving civil liberties. In response to Gandhi's suggestion, the different Goan political factions met in Bombay in June 1947 to formally launch a campaign demanding that the
Portuguese government "quit India". The Goan leadership believed that
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in 1946 where the crowd responded by hailing India, Gandhi and the two men, leading to the duo's arrest by colonial authorities who feared civil unrest. By the end of the day, Menezes was released and Lohia was driven outside of Goa and released. Their arrest at the demonstration motivated people to
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decided to send batches of satyahrahis since the middle of 1955 to the borders of Goa and even inside. Countrywide lists of satyagrahis were prepared, who were then sent to Goa borders in a series of memorable satyagrahas, which has few parallels in the annuls of the history. Batches after batches
953:
Many Goan Hindus were bitter and resentful that the majority of native Goans were
Catholic, because Portugal had ruled Goa since 1510. This bitterness was compounded by Goan Catholics being, on average, more educated and hence more economically prosperous than Goan Hindus. According to the 1909
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In 1961, India proclaimed that Goa should join India "either with full peace or with full use of force". In August 1961, India began military preparations. Following Nehru's statement on 1 December 1961, that India would "not remain silent" in relation to the Goan situation, Indian troops were
883:
With the exception of a small number of satyagrahas and the activities of the All-Goa
Political Party Committee, lacking the support of the national Indian government, the anti-colonial movement lost its momentum. Pro-independence advocacy actions were sporadic and few were willing to involve
722:
was closed and diplomatic ties were formally severed. In July 1953, Nehru stated that the Indian government's position involved French and
Portuguese colonies in India integrating into the Indian Union. Despite Nehru clearly stating India's policy in relation to colonial outposts, Portugal and
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On 15 August 1954, hundreds of
Indians (mostly from Maharashtra) crossed the Portuguese Goan borders, defying a ban by the Indian government on participating in Satyagrahas. The Portuguese responded to the incursion by shooting at the Satyagrahis, some of whom were injured or killed.
950:
Between 1955 and 1961, six political parties were formed in India to advocate for an end to
Portuguese colonial rule. These parties included Azad Gomantak Dal, Rancour Patriota, the United Front of Goans, Goan People's Party, Goa Liberation Army and Quit Goa Organisation.
599:(non-violent civil-disobedience actions) were held in Goa with many of the leaders of these actions being arrested. With the arrest of the leadership, much of the momentum of the movement was lost and, subsequently, the Goa Congress began to operate from Bombay.
954:
statistics in the Catholic Encyclopedia, the total Catholic population was 293,628 out of a total population 365,291 (80.33%). Following his release from prison, P.D. Gaitonde conducted a series of international lectures, claiming Hindu dominance of Goa.
833:
had a pact to protect each other in the event that any member state came under attack from an external force. Although the NATO treaty did not cover colonies, Portugal insisted that its overseas interests were not colonies but an integral part of the
440:. Strict censorship policies required any material containing printed words, including invitation cards, to be submitted to a censorship committee for screening. The Portuguese governor of Goa was empowered to suspend publication, close down
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In 1954, the Goa Vimochan Sahayak Samiti (All-Party Goa Liberation Committee), was formed with the aim of continuing the civil disobedience campaign and providing financial and political assistance to the satyagrahis. The Maharashtra and
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and raised the issue of Goa's integration into the Indian Union. The Portuguese, who valued their strategic Indian colonial outposts, were unwilling to negotiate and by 1948, the Goan anti-colonial movement had virtually disbanded.
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also wrote many articles and books, claiming that Konkani language was a dialect of Marathi and so Goa needed to be merged with Maharashtra. These propaganda campaigns enabled the Indian government to become more anti-Portuguese.
974:: Goenche Sadvonecho Awaz) that carried messages about the independence movement. These were broadcast from outside Goa's borders and often from neighboring states like the present day Maharashtra and Karnataka.
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on 28 July 1954, and took it on 2 August. India could not immediately assimilate these enclaves into the Indian Union, due to the contravention of international law involved. Both enclaves instead functioned as
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The success of the post independence Goans struggle for freedom from Portugal owed as much to the efforts of the Indian Government who cut off diplomatic ties with Portugal as to the work of freedom fighters
617:
Mahatma Gandhi sensed that an independence movement with such disparate perspectives would be ineffective and could undermine the struggle for independence. So Gandhi suggested that the various independence
297:
The Portuguese colonised India in 1510, conquering many parts of the western coast and establishing several colonies in the east. By the end of the 19th century, Portuguese colonies in India were limited to
689:
to pursue autonomy. Bhembre's committee failed to provoke a response from the Portuguese administration, and subsequently the last demand for autonomy was made by Purushottam Kakodkar in early 1961.
876:
Nehru's denouncement of the Satyagraha severely impacted on the independence movement. Following Nehru's professed lack of support for the satyagrahi, a satyagrahi plan to cross the Goan border at
884:
themselves in the movement. On 18 June 1954, Satyagrahis infiltrated Goa and hoisted the Indian flag; however, the demonstrators and suspected sympathisers were arrested, and anti-colonialist
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hold large-scale protests in support of the independence movement, which resulted in large-scale arrests and the incarceration of over 1,500 people. Other leaders, including Bragança Cunha,
263:
of the 19th century, and grew powerful during the period 1940–1961. The movement was conducted both inside and outside Goa, and was characterised by a range of tactics including
754:, founded by Shivajirao Desai, an Indian army officer in the 1950s, attempted to utilise revolutionary tactics and direct action strategies to challenge Portuguese colonialism.
838:. Hence, in order for India to avoid NATO involvement in Goa, the Indian government was impeded from speaking out against Portugal's response to satyagraha protest actions.
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due to the actions of the Satyagrahas in crossing Portuguese Goan borders. Nehru was subsequently pressured to announce that India formally disapproved of the Satyagrahas.
383:
counterparts. The conspirators unsuccessfully tried to replace Portuguese rule with self-rule under Ignacio Pinto, the head of the family of the Pintos with the support of
526:(Colonial Act), which restricted political rallies and meetings within all Portuguese colonies. The introduction of this act politically relegated Goa to the status of a
602:
During the mid-1940s, a number of new political parties emerged in Goa, each having a conflicting agenda and perspective in relation to achieving Goan independence and
626:
The failure of Goa to achieve independence as part of the national independence struggle, in conjunction with mixed signals from the new national Indian leadership in
757:
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tactics, while Azad Gomantak Dal advocated revolutionary methods. On 15 August 1954, a mass satyagraha was instigated; however, despite the use of non-violent
791:
In Goa, the anti-colonial movement had evolved into two camps, which advocated distinct anti-colonial strategies. The National Congress Goa utilised peaceful
751:
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was held in which the people of Goa voted against merger with Maharashtra. Portugal recognised Goa's accession into the Indian union only in 1974. In 1987,
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attracted very few supporters. Despite the low turnout, a small group managed to cross the Goan border to successfully occupy the Terekhol fort overnight.
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Within Goa and Portugal, periodic demands for autonomy for Portuguese India continued. In July 1946, a public meeting was held which openly petitioned the
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A group of armed members from the National Movement Liberation Organisation (NMLO), an umbrella organisation involving Nationalist group like the
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311:
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assisted the liberation committee, motivated by an agenda for independent Goa to merge into Maharashtra state. The liberation committee and the
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which refused to comply with these policies. Many Goans criticised the curtailing of press freedoms, stating that the only newspapers and
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The Portuguese government pressured the Indian National Congress to disaffiliate the National Congress (Goa); however, in 1938, Goans in
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The struggle for Goa's liberty was two fold – from within Goa and from the outside Goa – which was conducted by the Indian Government.
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During this period, in addition to local newspapers and periodicals that were heavily censored, there was also movements such as the
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conducted on 18 and 19 December 1961, Indian troops captured Goa with little resistance. The Governor-general of Portuguese India,
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independent states, administered by a self-declared government called the Varishta Panchayat of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
407:; however, when Portuguese colonial policies remained unchanged, an organised and dedicated anti-colonial movement emerged.
1735:
830:
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116:
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661:. De Mello sought independence for Goa, Daman and Diu as autonomous state entities within the framework of a Portuguese
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in 1787. The cause of the revolt was racial discrimination by the Portuguese in the church and the administration. The
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1287:"International Reactions to Indian Attack on Goa. - Soviet Veto of Western Cease-fire Resolution in security Council"
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lay with the Portuguese and in dissociating themselves from cultural-political relationship with the rest of India.
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and harsh repression by the Portuguese, led to a temporary lull in the Goan independence movement. Similarly, the
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to grant India independence. After this development, Indian leaders focused their attention on the movements in
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charged the protesters and opened fire on the satyagraha, resulting in several deaths and hundreds of injuries.
1829:
1260:
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417:, the first Portuguese language newspaper in Goa, which was critical of Portuguese colonial rule. In 1917, the
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in 1961, causing a mixture of worldwide acclaim and condemnation, and incorporated the territories into India.
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685:. The meeting was facilitated by José Inácio de Loyola, and inspired the formation of a committee chaired by
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diverted the focus of the national Indian leadership from the anti-colonial struggles in the Portuguese and
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1092:. The film portrays the story of seven Indians who attempt to liberate Goa from Portuguese colonial rule.
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formed the Goa Action Committee to coordinate the various anti-colonial groups working independently in
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1541:"BLOOD, NEMESIS AND MISREADING QUITE WHAT MAKES GOAN SOCIETY TICK by Ben Antao, review by Lino Leitao"
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even if not completely in practice. The other option for them would have been British rule as part of
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After the failure of diplomacy with the Portuguese government, the Government of India ordered the
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432:, the Portuguese government in Goa implemented policies which curtailed civil liberties, including
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606:. These political parties advocated for vastly different policies including Goa's merger with
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Professor Froilano de Mello, MD (1887–1955): A short biography of his life and achievements
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were held in Goa, followed by assembly elections in December 1962. On 16 January 1967, a
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protest strategies, the Portuguese authorities assaulted and arrested many participants.
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Following national Indian independence, a separate demand for independence was raised by
538:, which contributed significantly to growing resentment against the colonial government.
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Janaka Perera, Goa's Liberation and Sri Lanka's Crisis, Asian Tribune, 18 December 2006
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2012:
1103: : "The Call") is another film based on Goan Freedom Movement. It was directed by
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Teotonio R. de Souza, "The Church in Goa: Giving to Caesar What is Caesar's?" para 5
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an empire known to treat its subjects who did not have citizenship rights far worse.
334:) resented Portuguese rule and wanted to lead Goa themselves under the rule of local
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P S Lele, Dadra and Nagar Haveli: past and present, Published by Usha P. Lele, 1987,
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of the Catholic Church in Goa issued over 60 official letters to the priests of the
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By the 1940s, the Goan independence movement had gained momentum, inspired by the
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Azad Gomantak Dal, a revolutionary group, vowed to fight the Portuguese using
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1044:, but independent between 1954 and 1961, became a separate Union Territory.
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emerged as an important leader of the freedom movement. Along with activist
511:, the Goa Congress Committee received recognition and representation in the
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strongly supported pro-colonial policies and attempted to influence Goan
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614:, independent statehood for Goa and autonomy within Portuguese rule.
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was arrested for publicly protesting Portuguese colonialist policy.
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in an attempt to persuade the Portuguese to leave India peacefully.
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their colonies. Subsequently, India launched a campaign through the
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established diplomatic ties. In January 1948, Indian Prime Minister
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1880:
1693:"The Underground Voice That Fought for Goa, Meet Unsung Libia Lobo"
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814:, led 3,000 protesters including women, children and Indians from
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A year later, another protest was organised on the same date. The
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1565:"Revisiting Goa's Liberation Story on its 59th Independence Day"
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the Portuguese permitted them to publish were pro-colonialist
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because of their participation in the independence protests.
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Movement in Goa fought to end Portuguese colonial rule in Goa
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The Portuguese government appealed to various international
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1583:
869:, charging India with violation of Portugal's territorial
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collaboratively organised several satyagrahas in 1954–55.
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1667:"'Voice of Freedom' and the battle for airwaves over Goa"
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487:, instructing them to preach to their congregations that
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that sought to join the newly independent Indian state.
530:. The Portuguese also introduced a policy of compulsory
403:
in 1910 raised hopes that the colonies would be granted
1625:
Conquerors: How Portugal Forged the First Global Empire
895:
579:, he hosted a pro-independence gathering lohia maidan,
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state, Goa's merger with the southern Indian state of
371:
An early attempt to overthrow Portuguese rule was the
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1953 onwards: intensification of Satyagraha movement
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to oppose the independence movement. The Portuguese
259:. The movement built on the small scale revolts and
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818:state, through the Goa border. The security forces
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1142:Some of Goa's independence activists, as seen in
346:were considered equal citizens under the laws of
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2201:National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research
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595:During October and November 1946, a series of
379:subjects were not given equal rights as their
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275:efforts. However, Portuguese control of its
2054:Church and Convent of St. Francis of Assisi
902:Indian annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
463:denouncing the law and, for some time, the
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1407:
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503:founded the Goa National Congress. At the
191:. Please do not remove this message until
1088:) is a 1969 film written and directed by
229:Learn how and when to remove this message
211:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
1411:
933:and Azad Gomantak Dal, led an attack on
922:under leaders like Francis Mascarenhas,
888:Dr. Gaitonde and Shriyut Deshpande were
697:In December 1947, independent India and
681:administration to grant autonomy to the
342:had been abolished. In addition to that
187:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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588:and Laxmikant Bhembre were deported to
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1472:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
910:forced the Portuguese to retreat from
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459:Menezes Bragança organised a rally in
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1204:
1040:, which was previously a part of the
1024:passed the 12th Amendment Act to the
1004:, signed an instrument of surrender.
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545:formed the Provisional Goa Congress.
467:received the same rights as mainland
390:
1691:Baruah, Rishika (18 December 2015).
1654:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1647:
1607:
1489:"The forgotten history of 18th June"
1067:continued as a new Union Territory.
1007:
981:
978:stationed close to the Goan border.
926:, Parulekar, Vaz, Rodriguez, Cunha.
896:Liberation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
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88:adding citations to reliable sources
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18:
247:was a movement which fought to end
13:
2196:National Institute of Oceanography
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14:
2500:
1539:Leitao, Lino (23 December 2005).
1487:Miranda, Karsten (18 June 2015).
518:In May 1930, Portugal passed the
34:This article has multiple issues.
2489:20th century in Portuguese India
2484:19th century in Portuguese India
2059:Church of Our Lady of the Rosary
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1664:
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825:As Portugal was now a member of
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1063:and made a full-fledged state.
970:(Portuguese: Voz da Liberdade;
421:law was passed, overseeing all
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326:Revolts against Portuguese rule
287:Portuguese possessions in India
279:colonies ended only when India
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1439:
1412:Sakshena, R.N. (1 June 2003).
1367:. Lonely Planet. p. 224.
1308:
1279:
1002:Manuel AntĂłnio Vassalo e Silva
1:
2416:Kadamba Transport Corporation
1236:"History of Goa – Goa's Past"
1197:
2479:Indian independence movement
2044:Churches and Convents of Goa
1594:"50 Years of Goa Liberation"
1107:in 1983, acted by superstar
713:In January 1953, the Indian
659:Portuguese National Assembly
555:Indian independence movement
513:All-India Congress Committee
494:
7:
2370:Dr. Rajendra Prasad Stadium
1855:Fire and Emergency Services
1114:
996:to take Goa by force. In a
931:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
193:conditions to do so are met
10:
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1321:. Lonely Planet. pp.
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985:
899:
636:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
473:Portuguese Catholic Church
444:and impose heavy fines on
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810:leader, Karnataka Kesari
770:Tristão de Bragança Cunha
718:the Indian delegation in
501:Tristão de Bragança Cunha
362:The independence movement
99:"Goa liberation movement"
2142:Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary
1418:. Abhinav Publications.
1415:Goa: Into the Mainstream
1070:
1014:Kunhiraman Palat Candeth
908:Communist Party of India
859:Communist Party of India
548:
509:Indian National Congress
409:LuĂs de Menezes Bragança
373:Conspiracy of the Pintos
332:Conspiracy of the Pintos
2469:Goa liberation movement
2314:Churchill Brothers S.C.
2064:Church of St. Augustine
1623:Crowley, Roger (2015).
1525:28 January 2012 at the
1016:was appointed military
428:In reaction to growing
281:invaded and annexed Goa
245:Goa liberation movement
1812:1967 status referendum
1363:Harding, Paul (2003).
1315:Amelia Thomas (2009).
1038:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
780:and non-Goans offered
2334:Sporting Clube de Goa
2329:Sesa Football Academy
2049:Basilica of Bom Jesus
1651:Catholic Encyclopedia
1648:Hull, Ernest (1909).
1497:. Goa. Archived from
1026:Constitution of India
1020:of Goa. In 1963, the
906:On 21 July 1954, the
852:Praja Socialist Party
848:Praja Socialist Party
758:Quit Goa Organisation
2365:Tilak Maidan Stadium
2110:Wildlife sanctuaries
1835:Legislative Assembly
1267:on 28 September 2007
916:landlocked territory
739:Revolutionary groups
667:British Commonwealth
586:Purushottam Kakodkar
356:Francisco LuĂs Gomes
84:improve this article
2426:Mormugao Port Trust
2386:Goa Football League
2101:Shanta Durga Temple
1802:Liberation movement
1792:Portuguese conquest
1627:. Faber and Faber.
1261:"Liberation of Goa"
1212:"Liberation of Goa"
1059:was separated from
1049:Panchayat elections
1022:Parliament of India
994:Indian Armed Forces
788:with the struggle.
752:Goa Liberation Army
705:met the Portuguese
673:Demand for autonomy
649:, a prominent Goan
401:Portuguese monarchy
249:Portuguese colonial
180:of this article is
2074:St. Cajetan Church
1571:. 18 December 2020
1090:Khwaja Ahmad Abbas
1030:Goa, Daman and Diu
998:military operation
836:Nation of Portugal
812:Jagannathrao Joshi
797:civil disobedience
693:Diplomatic efforts
632:partition of India
559:British government
405:self-determination
391:Early 20th century
2456:
2455:
2394:
2393:
2304:Goa football team
1845:Political parties
1807:Indian annexation
1634:978-0-571-29090-1
1425:978-81-7017-005-1
1374:978-1-74059-139-3
1332:978-1-74104-894-0
1131:Annexation of Goa
1047:In October 1962,
1008:Subsequent events
988:Annexation of Goa
982:Liberation of Goa
964:underground radio
665:, similar to the
647:Froilano de Mello
573:Ram Manohar Lohia
330:Some Goans (e.g.
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57:
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2309:Goa cricket team
2294:
2293:
2244:Konkani language
2191:Goans in science
2096:Mangueshi Temple
1750:
1749:
1748:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
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1688:
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1517:
1511:
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1508:
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1484:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1450:. Archived from
1443:
1437:
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1390:
1385:
1379:
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1226:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1208:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1144:Goa State Museum
1126:Portuguese India
1109:Amitabh Bachchan
968:Voice of freedom
846:chapters of the
703:Jawaharlal Nehru
563:Portuguese India
536:Portuguese India
442:printing presses
419:"Carta Organica"
293:Portuguese India
267:demonstrations,
257:Portuguese India
234:
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216:
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196:
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92:
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49:
27:
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2452:
2430:
2411:Manohar Airport
2406:Dabolim Airport
2390:
2374:
2360:Fatorda Stadium
2348:
2283:
2274:Goans in sports
2205:
2179:
2151:
2147:Flora and fauna
2105:
2032:
1991:
1918:
1895:
1876:Dudhsagar Falls
1864:
1830:Chief Ministers
1816:
1797:Portuguese rule
1787:Goa Inquisition
1782:Kadambas of Goa
1758:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1712:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1689:
1685:
1675:
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1646:
1642:
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1621:
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1584:
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1563:
1562:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1537:
1533:
1527:Wayback Machine
1518:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1501:on 18 June 2017
1485:
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1457:
1455:
1454:on 2 April 2012
1448:"Archived copy"
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1259:
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1254:
1240:
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1234:
1233:
1229:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1193:
1190:
1181:
1178:
1169:
1166:
1157:
1156:Anthony D'Souza
1154:
1139:
1117:
1077:Saat Hindustani
1073:
1042:Estado da India
1034:Union territory
1010:
990:
984:
924:Narayan Palekar
904:
898:
766:
741:
695:
683:Estado da India
675:
640:French colonies
551:
507:session of the
497:
471:. However, the
423:civil liberties
393:
369:
364:
354:, as stated by
340:Goa Inquisition
328:
320:Anjediva Island
295:
289:
235:
224:
223:
222:
217:
206:
200:
197:
186:
171:
167:
156:
145:
139:
136:
93:
91:
81:
69:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2502:
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2454:
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2429:
2428:
2423:
2421:Konkan Railway
2418:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2396:
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2324:Salgaocar F.C.
2321:
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2298:
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2285:
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2276:
2271:
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2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2239:Konkani cinema
2236:
2234:Konkani people
2231:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2187:
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2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2165:Goa University
2161:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2091:Mahadev Temple
2088:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2040:
2038:
2037:Heritage sites
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
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1911:
1905:
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1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1860:Goa civil code
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1772:History of Goa
1768:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1709:
1683:
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1479:
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1318:Goa and Mumbai
1307:
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1202:
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1199:
1196:
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1194:
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1184:
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1172:
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1168:Mark Fernandes
1167:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1148:
1146:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1121:History of Goa
1116:
1113:
1072:
1069:
1012:Major General
1009:
1006:
986:Main article:
983:
980:
956:Anant Priolkar
900:Main article:
897:
894:
831:member nations
765:
762:
761:
760:
755:
749:
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694:
691:
674:
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651:microbiologist
577:Juliao Menezes
550:
547:
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392:
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368:
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327:
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291:Main article:
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72:
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63:
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32:
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22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2427:
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2128:
2125:
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2099:
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2042:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2013:Vasco da Gama
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
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1968:
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1915:
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1886:Western Ghats
1884:
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1874:
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1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:Bhojas of Goa
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1727:
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1720:
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1716:
1698:
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1687:
1672:
1671:Deccan Herald
1668:
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1396:
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1366:
1365:Lonely Planet
1359:
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1180:Alfred Afonso
1176:
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1110:
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1098:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1086:Seven Indians
1083:
1079:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1065:Daman and Diu
1062:
1061:Daman and Diu
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
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1005:
1003:
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989:
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965:
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951:
947:
943:
941:
936:
932:
927:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
903:
893:
892:to Portugal.
891:
887:
881:
879:
878:Terekhol Fort
874:
872:
868:
863:
860:
855:
853:
849:
845:
839:
837:
832:
828:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
801:P.D. Gaitonde
798:
794:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
746:direct action
743:
742:
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734:
730:
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570:
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560:
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546:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
523:
522:Acto Colonial
516:
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478:
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457:
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416:
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410:
406:
402:
398:
388:
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378:
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359:
357:
353:
352:British India
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
294:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:revolutionary
266:
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143:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101: –
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2474:Colonial Goa
2445:
2438:
2379:Competitions
2069:Se Cathedral
1801:
1700:. Retrieved
1696:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1670:
1660:
1650:
1643:
1624:
1618:
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1573:. Retrieved
1568:
1544:. Retrieved
1534:
1529:– Goacom.com
1515:
1503:. Retrieved
1499:the original
1492:
1482:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:the original
1441:
1429:. Retrieved
1414:
1383:
1364:
1317:
1310:
1298:. Retrieved
1296:. March 1962
1294:stanford.edu
1293:
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:the original
1255:
1246:
1239:. Retrieved
1230:
1222:
1215:. Retrieved
1206:
1094:
1085:
1075:
1074:
1046:
1011:
991:
976:
961:
952:
948:
944:
935:Nagar Haveli
928:
920:Nagar Haveli
905:
882:
875:
864:
856:
840:
824:
805:
790:
767:
748:strategies.
712:
696:
687:Uday Bhembre
676:
663:commonwealth
644:
625:
616:
601:
594:
571:
567:French India
552:
540:
532:conscription
519:
517:
498:
458:
427:
418:
412:
394:
370:
367:18th century
329:
316:Nagar Haveli
296:
271:methods and
244:
242:
240:
225:
207:
198:
176:
146:
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2447:Wikiproject
2219:Comunidades
1947:Dharbandora
1702:25 December
1676:25 December
1105:Ramesh Behl
1101:translation
1082:translation
871:sovereignty
816:Maharashtra
727:refused to
608:Maharashtra
597:satyagrahas
543:Bombay city
485:archdiocese
456:materials.
450:periodicals
385:Tipu Sultan
2463:Categories
2339:Vasco S.C.
2319:Dempo S.C.
2249:Literature
2086:Fontainhas
1850:Goa Police
1840:State seal
1822:Government
1458:9 November
1198:References
1053:referendum
918:bordering
914:, a small
808:Jana Sangh
793:satyagraha
786:solidarity
782:Satyagraha
715:delegation
477:Christians
469:Portuguese
454:propaganda
446:newspapers
434:censorship
381:Portuguese
273:diplomatic
265:nonviolent
178:neutrality
110:newspapers
39:improve it
2399:Transport
2157:Education
2122:Netravali
1914:South Goa
1909:North Goa
1901:Districts
1869:Geography
1569:NewsClick
1494:O Heraldo
1192:Mitra Bir
1032:became a
886:activists
768:In 1953,
628:New Delhi
612:Karnataka
499:In 1928,
495:1920–1940
489:salvation
481:Patriarch
414:O Heraldo
397:abolition
261:uprisings
201:July 2021
189:talk page
140:June 2013
45:talk page
2440:Category
2170:Colleges
2127:Mahadayi
1952:Mormugao
1942:Canacona
1937:Bicholim
1881:Sonsogor
1697:TheQuint
1523:Archived
1468:cite web
1300:24 April
1115:See also
1018:governor
966:station
940:de facto
890:deported
699:Portugal
634:and the
620:factions
604:autonomy
590:Portugal
505:Calcutta
425:in Goa.
411:founded
348:Portugal
251:rule in
182:disputed
2224:Cuisine
2211:Culture
2184:Science
2175:Schools
2132:Cotigao
2081:Old Goa
2028:Old Goa
1987:Tiswadi
1982:Sattari
1977:Sanguem
1972:Salcete
1924:Talukas
1764:History
1599:24 July
1575:24 July
1505:25 July
1431:1 April
1137:Gallery
972:Konkani
844:Gujarat
679:Salazar
657:in the
436:of the
430:dissent
399:of the
124:scholar
2353:Stadia
2344:FC Goa
2289:Sports
2264:Shigmo
2137:Bondla
2117:Mollem
2018:Mapusa
2008:Margao
2003:Panjim
1996:Cities
1967:Quepem
1957:Pernem
1932:Bardez
1891:Rivers
1665:IANS.
1631:
1546:23 May
1422:
1371:
1329:
1271:1 June
1241:1 June
1217:1 June
867:powers
774:Mumbai
725:France
720:Lisbon
707:consul
581:margao
528:colony
461:Margao
277:Indian
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
2297:Teams
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