42:
86:
61:
453:
fragmentation in a species with relatively low local population size and limited dispersal. Sumner and co-authors did find other ecological effects of fragmentation; skink abundance was higher in continuous forest sites than in fragments, and was lower in small habitat patches than in large patches, and on average, skinks from fragments were smaller than those from continuous forests. Estimates of population density and dispersal distances from
428:. However, the deep divergence between these lineages suggests much longer genetic isolation, with an estimated separation time of over five million years, and these populations may represent different species. Further study of mtDNA and allozyme variation from sites around the Atherton Tablelands (within the Southern Lineage) revealed additional phylogeographic structure, with a divergence between populations around the
440:. The larger Wooroonooran refugium maintained higher diversity through the glacial period than the southern Tableland refugium and this natural historical difference in genetic diversity is much greater than any more recent, human induced, effects of forest clearing and fragmentation. More detailed study of genetic variation in populations from the Atherton tableland, using mtDNA sequences and
368:, and despite living in an equable climate, reproduction is seasonal, with females giving birth to 2-5 young in February - April. Animals mature at a snout-vent length (SVL) of around 50 mm (2.0 in) and grow to a maximum SVL of 85 mm (3.3 in), with no obvious difference in external morphology or size between females and males. A
457:
methods and from genetic data are broadly consistent, with a density varying from 65 - 136 individuals per ha, and a dispersal distance of 404 – 843 m, respectively. Genetic estimates of relatedness among individuals found under the same log revealed that juveniles tend to stay with their parents for
359:
The prickly skink is a habitat specialist restricted to closed canopy forest in high rainfall areas (rainforests) of the
Australian Wet Tropics, extending from lowland tropical rainforest to montane forests on the adjacent hills and tablelands. Within these rainforests the prickly skink occurs within
372:
study suggested that this corresponds with an age of 5 years at maturity and a maximum life-span around 10 years. Unlike most skinks this is a vocal species with high-pitched but audible calls recorded in the field and in captivity, associated with handling and with aggressive interactions among
452:
among males within fragments was lower in isolated forest fragments than within continuous forests, possibly reflecting greater dispersal within fragments due to lower habitat quality. However, these relatively slight differences show the difficulty of detecting effects of recent habitat
389:, were cleared for farming, largely between 1940 and 1990, leaving many scattered pockets of rainforest surrounded by open pasture. The prickly skink is abundant throughout this area and has become a research subject for studies on the effect of
417:(mtDNA) genomes found distinct genetic lineages in populations from the northern and southern wet tropics. These areas are currently connected by a ribbon of rainforest habitat, around 15 km (9.3 mi) wide, known as the
421:
or BMC, but historical climate modeling suggest that rainforests in the northern and southern wet tropics were separated by around 50 km (31 mi) of dry habitats in this area during
1235:
1367:
886:
Sumner, Joanna; Moritz, Craig; Shine, Richard (Dec 1999). "Shrinking forest shrinks skink: morphological change in response to rainforest fragmentation in the prickly forest skink (
432:, east of the Atherton Tableland, and those in the central and southern tablelands. The late-Pleistocene divergence between these lineages (>0.5% across the mtDNA genome) is an
458:
1–2 years and subsequently disperse to other logs, with marked individuals observed 0–80 m (0–262 ft) away from their initial capture site over three years.
1054:
Shoo, Luke P.; Wilson, Rohan; Williams, Yvette M. (22 January 2014). "Putting it back: Woody debris in young restoration plantings to stimulate return of reptiles".
418:
917:
Sumner, Joanna; Rousset, Francois; Estoup, Arnaud; Moritz, Craig (August 2001). "'Neighbourhood' size, dispersal and density estimates in the prickly forest skink (
800:
Sumner, Joanna; Jessop, Tim; Paetkau, David (February 2004). "Limited effect of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on molecular diversity in a rain forest skink,
364:
and although locally abundant in some areas, it is rarely seen without searching. This is a well buffered environment with very low seasonality. This species is
310:
may be an adaptation to its high-rainfall habitat, to its microhabitat in rotting logs, or to camouflage it when moving through forest leaf-litter.
1426:
1191:
253:
1323:
1469:
1454:
1413:
1284:
1165:
519:
769:
Cunningham, Michael J.; Moritz, Craig (1998). "Genetic effects of forest fragmentation of a rainforest restricted lizard (
1474:
1464:
1083:
1030:
41:
1328:
581:
Skinner, Adam; Hutchinson, Mark N.; Lee, Michael S.Y. (Dec 2013). "Phylogeny and divergence times of
Australian
17:
1459:
85:
436:
less than that between the
Northern and Southern Wet Tropics but is indicative of emergence from separate
1139:
498:
727:
Moritz, Craig; Joseph, Leo; Adams, Mark (Aug 1993). "Cryptic diversity in an endemic rainforest skink (
1276:
382:
295:
1144:
965:
302:. Unlike most small skinks, which have smooth scales, this species has rough, ridged and pointed
1431:
1315:
1196:
1107:
1036:
445:
390:
242:
208:
191:
168:
1377:
1354:
1222:
966:"Higher relatedness within groups due to variable subadult dispersal in a rainforest skink,
1271:
238:
164:
475:
8:
664:
Cunningham, Michael J. (24 Dec 1993). "Reproductive biology of the prickly forest skink,
429:
50:
1096:
946:
868:
829:
748:
454:
433:
386:
217:
80:
903:
847:
Sumner, Joanna (May 2005). "Decreased relatedness between male prickly forest skinks (
786:
1349:
1217:
1152:
1079:
1026:
985:
938:
934:
821:
817:
602:
414:
394:
369:
950:
872:
833:
752:
1362:
1230:
1157:
1063:
989:
981:
930:
899:
860:
813:
782:
740:
704:
594:
563:
493:
437:
323:
1404:
1336:
1204:
1130:
539:
303:
598:
1039:(1890). "Descriptions of two Lizards of Genera new to Australian Herpetology".
441:
425:
406:
864:
1448:
1310:
1262:
1018:
623:
484:
444:
loci, revealed a slight reduction in allelic diversity and in the pattern of
365:
319:
307:
70:
65:
942:
825:
646:
Rainforest
Animals. Atlas of vertebrates endemic to Australia's Wet Tropics
606:
1341:
1297:
1209:
1178:
449:
422:
361:
709:
688:
525:
1418:
1289:
1170:
744:
648:. Canberra: Kowari 1. Australian National Parks & Wildlife Service.
410:
402:
337:
291:
1302:
1067:
994:
1183:
398:
343:
326:
299:
97:
1101:
1041:
Proceedings of the
Linnean Society of New South Wales, Second Series
567:
1398:
1256:
1124:
331:
287:
137:
117:
1025:. Clayton, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. xxx + 1,033 pp.
280:
127:
764:
762:
107:
680:
542:(2003). "A molecular phylogeny of the Australian skink genera
759:
284:
147:
689:"Vocalisation and Aggression in the Prickly Forest Skink,
1076:
A Complete Guide to
Reptiles of Australia, Fourth Edition
916:
639:
637:
531:
376:
634:
630:. Frenchs Forest, New South Wales: Reed - New Holland.
1097:
http://www.wildherps.com/species/G.queenslandiae.html
1023:
Reptiles and
Amphibians of Australia, Seventh Edition
921:) using individual genetic and demographic methods".
722:
720:
580:
279:), is a morphologically and genetically distinctive
957:
910:
879:
799:
793:
499:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T109452257A109452272.en
1053:
717:
659:
657:
655:
574:
537:
473:
885:
726:
1446:
768:
668:, an endemic species from Northern Queensland".
354:
652:
618:
616:
296:Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area
840:
686:
644:Nix, Henry A.; Switzer, Margaret A. (1991).
318:This species is a member of the Australian "
413:electrophoresis and restriction mapping of
1078:. Sydney: New Holland Publishers. 522 pp.
663:
643:
613:
405:in a rainforest dependent species. A 1993
59:
40:
993:
708:
497:
1056:Ecological Management & Restoration
14:
1447:
963:
846:
622:
448:among populations. Also, Sumner found
1106:
1105:
587:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
585:group skinks (Scincidae, Squamata)".
409:study by Moritz and co-authors using
377:Phylogeography and Population Biology
628:Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia
1470:Taxa named by Charles Walter De Vis
1455:IUCN Red List least concern species
1074:Wilson, Steve; Swan, Gerry (2013).
1050:, new species, pp. 1034-1035).
485:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
467:
24:
1012:
513:
430:Bellenden Ker / Wooroonooran Range
25:
1486:
1090:
329:), which includes such genera as
986:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01599.x
935:10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01337.x
818:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.02056.x
670:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
84:
347:. It is monotypic in the genus
381:Extensive upland areas of the
13:
1:
904:10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00089-0
787:10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00046-3
733:Biodiversity and Conservation
556:Australian Journal of Zoology
526:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
474:Hoskin, C.; Shea, G. (2018).
461:
355:Distribution and life History
1277:Gnypetoscincus_queenslandiae
1145:Gnypetoscincus_queenslandiae
1116:Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae
968:Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae
964:Sumner, Joanna (June 2006).
919:Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae
888:Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae
849:Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae
802:Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae
771:Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae
729:Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae
691:Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae
666:Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae
521:Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae
276:Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae
235:Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae
201:Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae
7:
1390:Tropidophorus queenslandiae
687:O'Connor, Dave (Feb 2003).
599:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.014
313:
227:Tropidophorus queenslandiae
10:
1491:
1475:Reptiles described in 1890
1465:Endemic fauna of Australia
1048:Tropidophorus queenslandiæ
492:: e.T109452257A109452272.
1388:
1246:
1114:
865:10.1007/s10592-005-4959-1
851:) in habitat fragments".
223:
216:
197:
190:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1248:Concinnia queenslandiae
892:Biological Conservation
775:Biological Conservation
528:. Accessed 13 May 2017.
478:Concinnia queenslandiae
426:glacial climate periods
419:Black Mountain Corridor
383:Australian Wet Tropics
250:Concinnia queensladiae
853:Conservation Genetics
446:isolation by distance
391:habitat fragmentation
183:G. queenslandiae
35:Prickly forest skink
697:Australian Zoologist
370:skeletochronological
271:prickly forest skink
1460:Skinks of Australia
710:10.7882/AZ.2003.010
322:" group of skinks (
298:, in north-eastern
51:Conservation status
745:10.1007/BF00114043
434:order of magnitude
387:Atherton Tableland
27:Species of reptile
1442:
1441:
1350:Open Tree of Life
1218:Open Tree of Life
1108:Taxon identifiers
1068:10.1111/emr.12079
1046:(4): 1034-1036. (
923:Molecular Ecology
806:Molecular Ecology
624:Cogger, Harold G.
538:O'Connor, David;
455:capture-recapture
415:mitochondrial DNA
395:genetic diversity
360:rotting logs and
263:
262:
172:
74:
16:(Redirected from
1482:
1435:
1434:
1422:
1421:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1381:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1358:
1357:
1345:
1344:
1332:
1331:
1319:
1318:
1306:
1305:
1293:
1292:
1280:
1279:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1239:
1238:
1226:
1225:
1213:
1212:
1200:
1199:
1187:
1186:
1174:
1173:
1161:
1160:
1148:
1147:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1103:
1102:
1071:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
997:
961:
955:
954:
929:(8): 1917–1927.
914:
908:
907:
898:(2–3): 159–167.
883:
877:
876:
844:
838:
837:
797:
791:
790:
766:
757:
756:
724:
715:
714:
712:
684:
678:
677:
661:
650:
649:
641:
632:
631:
620:
611:
610:
578:
572:
571:
535:
529:
517:
511:
510:
508:
506:
501:
471:
257:
246:
231:
203:
163:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
31:
21:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1430:
1425:
1417:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1384:
1376:
1374:
1366:
1361:
1353:
1348:
1340:
1337:Observation.org
1335:
1327:
1322:
1314:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1288:
1283:
1275:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1242:
1234:
1229:
1221:
1216:
1208:
1205:Observation.org
1203:
1195:
1190:
1182:
1177:
1169:
1164:
1156:
1151:
1143:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1110:
1093:
1015:
1013:Further reading
1010:
1000:
998:
974:Austral Ecology
962:
958:
915:
911:
884:
880:
845:
841:
798:
794:
767:
760:
725:
718:
685:
681:
662:
653:
642:
635:
621:
614:
579:
575:
568:10.1071/ZO02050
536:
532:
518:
514:
504:
502:
472:
468:
464:
438:glacial refugia
407:phylogeographic
379:
357:
316:
252:
237:
229:
212:
205:
199:
186:
162:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1488:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1423:
1410:
1394:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1372:
1359:
1346:
1333:
1320:
1307:
1294:
1281:
1268:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1227:
1214:
1201:
1188:
1175:
1162:
1149:
1136:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1091:External links
1089:
1088:
1087:
1084:978-1921517280
1072:
1051:
1034:
1031:978-0643100350
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:
980:(4): 441–448.
956:
909:
878:
859:(3): 333–340.
839:
812:(2): 259–269.
792:
758:
739:(4): 412–425.
716:
703:(2): 265–266.
679:
651:
633:
612:
593:(3): 906–918.
573:
562:(4): 317–330.
548:Gnypetoscincus
530:
512:
465:
463:
460:
442:microsatellite
385:, such as the
378:
375:
356:
353:
349:Gnypetoscincus
315:
312:
261:
260:
259:
258:
247:
232:
221:
220:
214:
213:
206:
195:
194:
188:
187:
180:
178:
174:
173:
159:Gnypetoscincus
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
18:Gnypetoscincus
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1487:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1373:
1369:
1368:queenslandiae
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1236:queenslandiae
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1016:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
969:
960:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
913:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
882:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
843:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
796:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
765:
763:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
723:
721:
711:
706:
702:
698:
694:
692:
683:
676:(1): 131–138.
675:
671:
667:
660:
658:
656:
647:
640:
638:
629:
625:
619:
617:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:Sphenomorphus
577:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:Moritz, Craig
534:
527:
523:
522:
516:
500:
495:
491:
487:
486:
481:
479:
470:
466:
459:
456:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
374:
371:
367:
366:ovoviviparous
363:
352:
350:
346:
345:
340:
339:
334:
333:
328:
325:
321:
320:Sphenomorphid
311:
309:
308:keeled scales
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
286:
282:
278:
277:
272:
268:
267:prickly skink
255:
251:
248:
244:
240:
236:
233:
228:
225:
224:
222:
219:
215:
210:
204:
202:
196:
193:
192:Binomial name
189:
185:
184:
179:
176:
175:
170:
166:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1389:
1247:
1115:
1075:
1062:(1): 84–87.
1059:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1022:
999:. Retrieved
977:
973:
967:
959:
926:
922:
918:
912:
895:
891:
887:
881:
856:
852:
848:
842:
809:
805:
801:
795:
781:(1): 19–30.
778:
774:
770:
736:
732:
728:
700:
696:
690:
682:
673:
669:
665:
645:
627:
590:
586:
582:
576:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
533:
520:
515:
503:. Retrieved
489:
483:
477:
469:
380:
358:
348:
342:
336:
330:
317:
275:
274:
270:
266:
264:
256:et al., 2013
249:
234:
230:De Vis, 1890
226:
200:
198:
182:
181:
158:
157:
29:
1298:iNaturalist
1179:iNaturalist
450:relatedness
423:Pleistocene
362:leaf litter
292:rainforests
1449:Categories
995:1885/20845
462:References
403:adaptation
338:Anomalopus
243:Wellington
169:Wellington
1405:Q44107247
1316:109452257
1131:Q20745774
1037:De Vis CW
1019:Cogger HG
544:Eulamprus
399:gene flow
373:females.
344:Eulamprus
327:Scincidae
300:Australia
177:Species:
148:Scincidae
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1432:10501337
1399:Wikidata
1257:Wikidata
1197:10354647
1125:Wikidata
1021:(2014).
1001:26 April
951:19264019
943:11555236
873:40806785
834:38025855
826:14717885
753:39923911
626:(2000).
607:23810993
411:allozyme
332:Ctenotus
314:Taxonomy
306:. These
218:Synonyms
144:Family:
138:Squamata
128:Reptilia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1419:5225614
1329:1540149
1290:9507509
1263:Q976976
1171:2464891
552:Nangura
524:at the
294:of the
288:endemic
281:species
254:Skinner
211:, 1890)
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1378:193573
1375:uBio:
1355:956388
1342:937322
1303:539501
1223:956388
1082:
1029:
949:
941:
871:
832:
824:
751:
605:
324:family
304:scales
245:, 1983
241:&
209:De Vis
171:, 1983
167:&
1427:IRMNG
1210:99734
1192:IRMNG
1184:38387
1158:8J5M8
947:S2CID
869:S2CID
830:S2CID
749:S2CID
505:4 May
285:skink
269:, or
239:Wells
165:Wells
1414:GBIF
1324:NCBI
1311:IUCN
1285:GBIF
1166:GBIF
1080:ISBN
1027:ISBN
1003:2015
939:PMID
890:)".
822:PMID
773:)".
731:)".
603:PMID
550:and
507:2020
490:2018
401:and
341:and
265:The
1272:ADW
1153:CoL
1140:AFD
1064:doi
990:hdl
982:doi
931:doi
900:doi
861:doi
814:doi
804:".
783:doi
741:doi
705:doi
595:doi
564:doi
554:".
494:doi
393:on
290:to
283:of
1451::
1429::
1416::
1401::
1365::
1363:RD
1352::
1339::
1326::
1313::
1300::
1287::
1274::
1259::
1233::
1231:RD
1220::
1207::
1194::
1181::
1168::
1155::
1142::
1127::
1060:15
1058:.
988:.
978:31
976:.
972:.
945:.
937:.
927:10
925:.
896:91
894:.
867:.
855:.
828:.
820:.
810:13
808:.
779:83
777:.
761:^
747:.
735:.
719:^
701:32
699:.
695:.
674:34
672:.
654:^
636:^
615:^
601:.
591:69
589:.
560:51
558:.
546:,
488:.
482:.
397:,
351:.
335:,
1086:.
1070:.
1066::
1044:4
1033:.
1005:.
992::
984::
970:"
953:.
933::
906:.
902::
875:.
863::
857:6
836:.
816::
789:.
785::
755:.
743::
737:2
713:.
707::
693:"
609:.
597::
570:.
566::
509:.
496::
480:"
476:"
273:(
207:(
73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_(9774749225).jpg)
