29:
1754:
492:, and is also influenced by the decaying process of organic matter degraded by bacteria in marine animal shells. In these cases, the organic matter creates the reducing environment needed to form glauconite within otherwise oxygenated sediment. Glauconite deposits are commonly found in nearshore sands, open oceans and shallow seas, such as the
662:. The high concentration of this mineral is related to a depositional environment with a low sedimentation rate. The glauconitic siltstone has resulted from a high-level flooding event in the Bambuí Basin. The sedimentary
816:
Smith, S. A., and
Hiscott, R. N. (1987). Latest Precambrian to Early Cambrian basin evolution, Fortune Bay, Newfoundland fault–bounded basin to platform. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 21:1379–1392.
825:
Hiscott, R. N. (1982). Tidal deposits of the Lower
Cambrian Random Formation, eastern Newfoundland; facies and paleoenvironments. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 19:2028–2042.
846:
Grissom, C.A. Green Earth, in
Artists’ Pigments. A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics, Vol. 1, L. Feller, (Ed), Cambridge University Press, London 1986, pp. 141 – 167
834:
Suttill H. (2009). Sedimentological evolution of the Emine & Kamchia basins, eastern
Bulgaria. Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy. Available from:
1055:
867:
Grissom, C.A. Green Earth, in
Artists’ Pigments. A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics, Vol. 1, L. Feller, (Ed), Cambridge University Press, London 1986, p. 143
476:, so-called after the coloration caused by glauconite, its presence gradually lessening further landward. It can also be found in sand or clay formations, or in impure
527:
paintings", another widespread use was for underpainting of human flesh in medieval painting. It is also found as mineral pigment in wall paintings from the ancient
1030:
1045:
361:
glimmer) and blue-green color. Its color ranges from olive green, black green to bluish green, and yellowish on exposed surfaces due to oxidation. In the
1257:
1190:
1035:
488:
alteration of sedimentary deposits at the surface, bio-chemical reduction and subsequent mineralogical changes affecting iron-bearing micas such as
1724:
1653:
1421:
1280:
1210:
654:
grades between 8 and 12%, thickness up to 50 metres (160 ft) and are associated to the glauconitic levels, dark-green in color. Glauconite is
1729:
1494:
1451:
1140:
1095:
1085:
1010:
990:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1436:
1165:
1110:
1696:
1691:
1668:
1441:
1383:
1368:
1338:
1238:
1200:
1070:
1040:
1005:
975:
1489:
1426:
1408:
1185:
1130:
1125:
1115:
995:
1630:
1456:
1180:
1020:
1466:
1446:
1373:
1205:
1135:
1431:
1060:
930:
887:
888:"Estratigrafia, petrografia e mineralização de potássio em siltitos verdes do Grupo Bambuí na Região de São Gotardo, Minas Gerais"
461:
353:
1815:
611:
state. It is a silty-clayed sedimentary rock, laminated, bluish-green, composed of glauconite (40-80%), potassium
182:
923:
215:
1810:
1820:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1780:
453:
mineral and forms exclusively in marine settings. It is commonly associated with low-oxygen conditions.
500:. The wide distribution of these sandy deposits was first made known by naturalists on board the fifth
1785:
916:
659:
373:
range is 2.4–2.95. It is normally found as dark green rounded concretions with the dimensions of a
783:
Odin, G.S. (ed., 1988). Green marine clays. Development in sedimentology, 45. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
427:
of that word. Thus references to "greensand marl" sometimes refer specifically to glauconite. The
496:. Glauconite remains absent in fresh-water lakes, but is noted in shelf sediments of the western
85:
876:
Eastaugh, N "Pigment
Compendium: A Dictionary of Historical Pigments", page 169. Elsevier, 2004
137:
357:) meaning 'bluish green', referring to the common blue-green color of the mineral; its sheen (
416:
33:
Glauconite pellets and small fossils among quartz grains in greensand from the Dutch
Pliocene
715:
8:
1805:
1315:
793:
750:
473:
464:
with slow rates of accumulation and gradational boundaries. For instance, it appears in
205:
195:
719:
733:
674:
640:
572:
172:
1100:
955:
737:
667:
493:
457:
316:
28:
723:
600:
584:
556:
431:
formation is named after it, and there is a glauconitic sandstone formation in the
428:
370:
246:
225:
54:
604:
1758:
1719:
1499:
647:
560:
432:
663:
1544:
1175:
1160:
939:
835:
682:
592:
501:
436:
378:
343:
239:
95:
47:
761:
1774:
1734:
1706:
1195:
268:
162:
107:
855:
1714:
1557:
1552:
1353:
1262:
1248:
1228:
1075:
655:
608:
568:
564:
382:
1648:
1620:
1567:
1524:
1480:
1358:
1343:
1333:
1295:
520:
335:
278:
125:
1388:
728:
703:
1676:
1592:
1577:
1504:
1363:
1348:
1328:
1290:
1170:
1155:
1145:
1090:
1050:
1015:
1000:
970:
548:
528:
485:
469:
450:
424:
362:
339:
116:
100:
772:
456:
Normally, glauconite is considered a diagnostic mineral indicative of
1681:
1658:
1640:
1625:
1615:
1607:
1582:
1562:
1514:
1461:
1416:
1398:
1378:
1300:
1272:
1120:
1105:
678:
636:
620:
596:
580:
544:
540:
497:
477:
412:
408:
313:
588:
1686:
1572:
1509:
1476:
1150:
1025:
960:
632:
628:
612:
465:
908:
16:
Iron potassium phyllosilicate mineral of blue-green to green color
1597:
1393:
1323:
1305:
1285:
985:
980:
624:
552:
516:
489:
328:
324:
794:"Mohs Hardness Scale: Testing the Resistance to Being Scratched"
1587:
1080:
965:
670:
616:
579:, greensand refers to a fertilizer produced from a glauconitic
576:
366:
481:
346:
283:
X = yellow-green, green; Y = Z = deeper yellow, bluish green
1747:
Structural groups mainly; based on rruff.info/ima, modified
1233:
1220:
947:
524:
420:
374:
358:
320:
310:
167:
Elastic platy/micaceous, or as rounded pellets/aggregates
407:
Glauconite particles are one of the main components of
515:Glauconite has long been used in Europe as a green
1772:
885:
924:
144:c = 10.16 Å; β = 100.5°; Z = 2
365:it has a hardness of 2, roughly the same as
327:of characteristic green color which is very
931:
917:
727:
567:(mixed in adequate proportions) or as a
449:At the broadest level, glauconite is an
331:and has very low weathering resistance.
563:and non-organic farming, whether as an
342:geometry. Its name is derived from the
1773:
639:oxides (<1%), barium phosphate and
519:for artistic oil paint under the name
385:. Glauconite has the chemical formula
912:
575:of commercial fertilizer powders. In
523:. One example is its use in Russian "
704:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
701:
142:a = 5.234 Å, b = 9.066 Å,
938:
13:
507:, in the expedition of 1872–1876.
484:. It develops as a consequence of
291:loosely bound aggregates, crumbles
14:
1832:
539:Glauconite, a major component of
1752:
886:Silvano Moreira, Débora (2016).
381:(also of green color) or with a
293:radioactivity: barely detectable
27:
879:
870:
861:
849:
840:
646:Enriched levels of potash have
599:age. The outcrops occur in the
419:. Glauconite has been called a
377:grain. It can be confused with
157:Blue green, green, yellow green
828:
819:
810:
786:
777:
766:
755:
744:
695:
534:
1:
688:
623:(5%) and minor quantities of
444:
901:: 157–171 – via UNESP.
347:
220:Translucent to nearly opaque
7:
836:the University of Edinburgh
551:and is also used to adjust
10:
1837:
1816:Minerals in space group 12
1056:Fluorotetraferriphlogopite
352:
1743:
1705:
1667:
1639:
1606:
1543:
1475:
1407:
1314:
1271:
1247:
1219:
946:
462:depositional environments
297:
287:
277:
267:
245:
234:
224:
214:
204:
194:
181:
171:
161:
153:
148:
136:
124:
106:
94:
84:
53:
43:
38:
26:
21:
543:, is a common source of
510:
1031:Ferroaluminoceladonite
751:Handbook of Mineralogy
708:Mineralogical Magazine
677:environment with acid
583:unit belonging to the
238:Biaxial (-); moderate
643:phosphates (<1%).
417:glauconitic sandstone
288:Other characteristics
565:unprocessed material
423:in an old and broad
1811:Monoclinic minerals
1759:Minerals portal
1046:Fluorokinoshitalite
895:Revista Geociências
729:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
720:2021MinM...85..291W
702:Warr, L.N. (2021).
1821:Inorganic pigments
1801:Iron(III) minerals
1796:Aluminium minerals
1791:Magnesium minerals
1781:Potassium minerals
675:continental margin
641:rare-earth element
235:Optical properties
1768:
1767:
1258:Ferripyrophyllite
1101:Manganiceladonite
956:Aluminoceladonite
557:soil conditioning
555:. It is used for
494:Mediterranean Sea
458:continental shelf
304:
303:
273:δ = 0.020 – 0.032
259:= 1.609 – 1.643 n
255:= 1.590 – 1.612 n
120:
1828:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1191:Tetraferriannite
1051:Fluorophlogopite
933:
926:
919:
910:
909:
903:
902:
892:
883:
877:
874:
868:
865:
859:
853:
847:
844:
838:
832:
826:
823:
817:
814:
808:
807:
805:
804:
790:
784:
781:
775:
770:
764:
759:
753:
748:
742:
741:
731:
699:
601:Serra da Saudade
585:Serra da Saudade
429:Glauconitic Marl
403:
387:(K,Na)(Fe,Al,Mg)
371:specific gravity
356:
350:
247:Refractive index
226:Specific gravity
187:
114:
112:Prismatic (2/m)
80:
64:(K,Na)(Fe,Al,Mg)
60:
59:(repeating unit)
31:
19:
18:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1786:Sodium minerals
1771:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1753:
1751:
1739:
1720:Franklinphilite
1701:
1663:
1635:
1602:
1539:
1500:Montmorillonite
1471:
1403:
1310:
1267:
1243:
1215:
1036:Ferroceladonite
942:
940:Phyllosilicates
937:
907:
906:
890:
884:
880:
875:
871:
866:
862:
854:
850:
845:
841:
833:
829:
824:
820:
815:
811:
802:
800:
792:
791:
787:
782:
778:
771:
767:
760:
756:
749:
745:
700:
696:
691:
651:
537:
513:
447:
433:Mannville Group
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
369:. The relative
292:
263:= 1.610 – 1.644
262:
258:
254:
185:
143:
113:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
58:
57:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1834:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1725:Lennilenapeite
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1707:Stilpnomelanes
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1654:Ferrisepiolite
1651:
1645:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1422:Brinrobertsite
1419:
1413:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1281:Bismutoferrite
1277:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1211:Yangzhumingite
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1176:Siderophyllite
1173:
1168:
1163:
1161:Polylithionite
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
952:
950:
944:
943:
936:
935:
928:
921:
913:
905:
904:
878:
869:
860:
848:
839:
827:
818:
809:
785:
776:
765:
754:
743:
714:(3): 291–320.
693:
692:
690:
687:
683:foreland basin
673:elements in a
649:
605:Alto Paranaíba
603:ridge, in the
593:Neoproterozoic
536:
533:
512:
509:
446:
443:
437:Western Canada
411:, glauconitic
400:
396:
392:
388:
317:phyllosilicate
302:
301:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
284:
281:
275:
274:
271:
265:
264:
260:
256:
252:
249:
243:
242:
236:
232:
231:
228:
222:
221:
218:
212:
211:
208:
202:
201:
198:
192:
191:
188:
179:
178:
175:
169:
168:
165:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
149:Identification
146:
145:
140:
134:
133:
128:
122:
121:
110:
104:
103:
98:
96:Crystal system
92:
91:
88:
82:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
51:
50:
48:Phyllosilicate
45:
41:
40:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1833:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1761:
1760:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1735:Stilpnomelane
1733:
1731:
1730:Parsettensite
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1495:Ferrosaponite
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:Lunijianlaite
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1196:Trilithionite
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1141:Oxyphlogopite
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1096:Luanshiweiite
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:Kinoshitalite
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1011:Chromphyllite
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
991:Boromuscovite
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
951:
949:
945:
941:
934:
929:
927:
922:
920:
915:
914:
911:
900:
896:
889:
882:
873:
864:
857:
852:
843:
837:
831:
822:
813:
799:
795:
789:
780:
774:
769:
763:
758:
752:
747:
739:
735:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
698:
694:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
547:(K) in plant
546:
542:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
508:
506:
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499:
495:
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483:
479:
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471:
467:
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459:
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426:
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410:
405:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
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349:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
315:
312:
308:
300:
296:
290:
286:
282:
280:
276:
272:
270:
269:Birefringence
266:
250:
248:
244:
241:
237:
233:
229:
227:
223:
219:
217:
213:
209:
207:
203:
199:
197:
193:
189:
184:
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170:
166:
164:
163:Crystal habit
160:
156:
152:
147:
141:
139:
135:
132:
129:
127:
123:
118:
111:
109:
108:Crystal class
105:
102:
99:
97:
93:
89:
87:
83:
62:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1750:
1715:Bannisterite
1669:Pyrosmalites
1558:Borocookeite
1553:Baileychlore
1535:Yakhontovite
1530:Volkonskoite
1520:Swinefordite
1437:Hydrobiotite
1354:Cronstedtite
1263:Pyrophyllite
1249:Pyrophyllite
1229:Minnesotaite
1166:Preiswerkite
1111:Masutomilite
1076:Hendricksite
1065:
898:
894:
881:
872:
863:
851:
842:
830:
821:
812:
801:. Retrieved
797:
788:
779:
768:
757:
746:
711:
707:
697:
679:magmatic arc
668:supracrustal
645:
609:Minas Gerais
538:
514:
503:
472:deposits of
455:
448:
441:
406:
383:clay mineral
336:crystallizes
333:
306:
305:
200:Dull, earthy
130:
1697:Schallerite
1692:Pyrosmalite
1649:Falcondoite
1621:Chrysocolla
1568:Clinochlore
1525:Vermiculite
1481:vermiculite
1442:Karpinskite
1409:Corrensites
1384:Manandonite
1369:Guidottiite
1359:Fraipontite
1344:Caryopilite
1339:Brindleyite
1334:Berthierine
1316:Serpentines
1296:Hisingerite
1239:Willemseite
1201:Voloshinite
1071:Gorbunovite
1041:Fluorannite
1006:Chernykhite
976:Balestraite
856:Green earth
798:geology.com
658:and highly
587:Formation,
549:fertilizers
535:Fertilizers
521:green earth
279:Pleochroism
216:Diaphaneity
210:Light green
126:Space group
1806:Mica group
1775:Categories
1677:Friedelite
1641:Sepiolites
1608:Allophanes
1593:Pennantite
1578:Donbassite
1505:Nontronite
1490:Beidellite
1427:Corrensite
1364:Greenalite
1349:Chrysotile
1329:Antigorite
1291:Halloysite
1273:Kaolinites
1186:Tainiolite
1171:Roscoelite
1156:Phlogopite
1146:Paragonite
1131:Norrishite
1126:Nanpingite
1116:Montdorite
1091:Lepidolite
1066:Glauconite
1016:Clintonite
1001:Celadonite
996:Bramallite
971:Aspidolite
803:2024-04-10
762:Webmineral
689:References
664:provenance
656:authigenic
631:(<1%),
619:(10-60%),
615:(10-15%),
591:Group, of
529:Roman Gaul
504:Challenger
486:diagenetic
478:limestones
470:Cretaceous
451:authigenic
445:Occurrence
363:Mohs scale
340:monoclinic
307:Glauconite
298:References
183:Mohs scale
117:H-M symbol
101:Monoclinic
86:IMA symbol
22:Glauconite
1682:Mcgillite
1659:Sepiolite
1631:Neotocite
1626:Imogolite
1616:Allophane
1583:Gonyerite
1563:Chamosite
1545:Chlorites
1515:Sauconite
1477:Smectites
1462:Saliotite
1457:Rectorite
1417:Aliettite
1399:Pecoraite
1379:Lizardite
1301:Kaolinite
1181:Suhailite
1121:Muscovite
1106:Margarite
1021:Eastonite
858:Colourlex
738:235729616
637:manganese
621:muscovite
597:Ediacaran
581:siltstone
573:synthesis
569:feedstock
545:potassium
541:greensand
498:Black Sea
474:greensand
413:siltstone
409:greensand
314:potassium
138:Unit cell
1687:Nelenite
1573:Cookeite
1510:Saponite
1467:Tosudite
1447:Kulkeite
1389:Népouite
1374:Kellyite
1206:Wonesite
1151:Phengite
1136:Orlovite
1026:Ephesite
961:Anandite
666:is from
633:titanium
629:goethite
613:feldspar
607:region,
559:in both
466:Jurassic
379:chlorite
230:2.4–2.95
186:hardness
177:Perfect
173:Cleavage
44:Category
1598:Sudoite
1432:Dozyite
1394:Odinite
1324:Amesite
1306:Nacrite
1286:Dickite
1061:Garmite
986:Biotite
981:Bityite
716:Bibcode
625:biotite
571:in the
561:organic
553:soil pH
517:pigment
490:biotite
480:and in
468:/lower
460:marine
391:(Si,Al)
354:γλαυκός
348:glaucos
338:with a
329:friable
325:mineral
323:group)
68:(Si,Al)
55:Formula
39:General
1588:Nimite
1483:family
1251:series
1081:Illite
966:Annite
773:Mindat
736:
671:felsic
660:mature
627:(2%),
617:quartz
589:Bambuí
577:Brazil
367:gypsum
309:is an
240:relief
206:Streak
196:Luster
115:(same
1221:Talcs
948:Micas
891:(PDF)
734:S2CID
482:chalk
425:sense
344:Greek
154:Color
1479:and
1234:Talc
635:and
525:icon
511:Uses
502:HMS
421:marl
415:and
399:(OH)
375:sand
359:mica
321:mica
311:iron
131:C2/m
76:(OH)
724:doi
685:).
435:of
334:It
90:Glt
1777::
899:35
897:.
893:.
796:.
732:.
722:.
712:85
710:.
706:.
531:.
439:.
404:.
397:10
74:10
932:e
925:t
918:v
806:.
740:.
726::
718::
681:(
652:O
650:2
648:K
595:/
401:2
395:O
393:4
389:2
351:(
319:(
261:γ
257:β
253:α
251:n
190:2
119:)
78:2
72:O
70:4
66:2
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