455:
84:
474:
522:
103:
490:
506:
405:
if unmolested or attack the rearguard of the Negus' army if it retreated from Adwa. The field force was ordered to move during the night; Albertone and the Native
Brigade on the left flank were to occupy the Kidane Meret peak, Dabormida on the right flank, the mountain of the Rebbi Arienni and Arimondi, with the centre, again the Rebbi Arienni, in a less prominent position. The reserve brigade of General Ellena was stationed behind Arimondi.
389:, Baratieri had his forces dug in at strong positions at Sauria, 26 km (16 mi) from Menelik's camp. By 27 February, the army had only a few days supply left and the intelligence wrongly reported that the Ethiopians were scattered across the hills of Adwa, foraging. Unable or unwilling to decide between a temporary withdrawal or a small advance, the Governor asked for the advice of his brigade commanders: Arimondi,
404:
On 28 February, Baratieri resolved to advance towards the
Ethiopian camp at Adwa. His orders on 29 February called for an offensive thrust to occupy a solid position on the hill east of Adwa. From there on he could react according to the moves of the Abyssinians; defend if attacked, keep the position
413:
During the night of 29 February/1 March, Arimondi's
Infantry Brigade marched without his native battalion, which could not be assembled in time from the several outposts it was guarding, leaving the centre weaker than intended. At 21:30 the brigades of Albertone, Arimondi and Dabormida were on their
443:
After the initial
Ethiopian attacks were repulsed, Menelik sent his guard to outflank the left side of Arimondi's forces. The colonial battalion of Galliano, the only unit Ellena could detach to guard Arimondi's right flank, was overwhelmed. With his brigade hard-pressed on the front and outflanked
434:
Due to the broken ground which slowed his progress, Arimondi completed his movement at 9:00 a.m. Almost immediately he came upon a trickle of wounded soldiers from
Albertone's brigade, which had been forced to retreat on the nearby Mount Semaiata. Within half an hour the trickle became a stream and
421:
This decision opened a wide gap in the
Italian lines, and isolated Albertone's force from Arimondi and Dabormida. The two Italian brigades had deployed on the Rebbi Arienni by 5:30 a.m., while on the Kidane Meret Albertone was launching his attack on the Ethiopian camp. The Native Brigade at first
417:
At midnight it was found that the track followed by
Albertone and Arimondi were converging. Arimondi stopped and let Albertone pass ahead. The Native Brigade marched faster than the two European formations and by 3:30 a.m. Albertone reached his position. His guides, though, informed him that the
430:
At 6:30 a.m., Baratieri reached the Rebbi
Arienni and heard the sounds of the fight on the left. He ordered Dabormida to relieve the pressure on Albertone, then brought up the reserve to occupy the position vacated by Dabormida. At 8:15 a.m. a message from Albertone (sent at 7:00 a.m.) reached
435:
Baratieri sent
Albertone orders to retire and reform under Arimondi's cover. It was too late: the Colonial Brigade, out of ammunition, disintegrated shortly afterwards. At 10:00 a.m. the Ethiopian forces, mixed with the disbanded Italians, launched their first assault on Arimondi's position.
359:, Toselli never received the order to retreat and was trapped by the army of Menelik. Arimondi, who had previously advanced to Aderà, 20 km (12 mi) away, was stopped by a telegram from Baratieri and forced to retreat. This left Toselli and
604:
418:
brigade was on Erarà Hill and not on the Kidane Meret, as intended. Albertone thus decided to resume the march until he reached what his guides reported as the 'real' Kidane Meret, 6.4 km (4 mi) away.
431:
Baratieri: the general was under heavy attack and in dire need of reinforcements. Baratieri ordered
Arimondi to advance and form his line between Mount Rajo and Bellah, while Ellena occupied the Rebbi Arienni.
1062:
31:
340:. Arimondi urged rapid and daring offensive manoeuvres and quarreled with Baratieri's more cautious plans. When the Governor refused to support his projects of a preventive attack against
612:
317:
in December 1893. In this battle, he remarkably decided to deploy his men in an extended battle line, with reserves echeloned at the rear. This caught by surprise the
321:, who were expecting close square formations as the ones adopted by British infantry in previous engagements. For this victory he received a promotion to
482:
For his role as commander of the 2nd Operational Corps during all the operations in Eastern Africa and the Battle of Coatit, Adwa campaign, 1894–1896
444:
on both sides, General Arimondi was mortally wounded after two hours of fighting. With his death and the defeat of his brigade, the battle was lost.
348:, he twice requested permission to return home. The Minister of War refused, not willing to replace one of the most experienced colonial officers.
897:
867:
837:
782:
752:
401:. Arimondi estimated Menelik's forces at 50,000–60,000 warriors and, supported by his colleagues, urged for an aggressive approach.
414:
way, each following different roads; Ellena's brigade was to follow Arimondi three hours later, with Baratieri and his staff.
979:
940:
305:
with full command of all native troops in the colony. In this position, he won a series of minor clashes and defeated the
493:
199:
559:
1012:
998:
294:
270:
226:
1057:
1052:
477:
727:
458:
238:
812:
187:
525:
364:
207:
254:
218:
155:
514:
For his role as commander of the 2nd Operational Corps in the capture of Kassala, 27 September 1894
314:
230:
143:
905:
875:
845:
790:
760:
509:
203:
1027:
454:
1047:
1042:
368:
8:
278:
47:
293:
In 1887, Arimondi was assigned as a staff officer to the expeditionary corps of General
394:
108:
1008:
994:
975:
961:
936:
360:
333:
148:
422:
met little resistance, but was soon repulsed by the larger number of enemy troops.
390:
386:
337:
329:
211:
169:
160:
88:
83:
71:
473:
398:
345:
302:
67:
521:
380:
352:
262:
234:
165:
297:
and left for Eritrea, where he stayed until 1890. In 1892, he was promoted to
1036:
322:
318:
222:
126:
233:
in 1893. After a long and successful colonial service, he died in combat at
30:
489:
282:
221:. He was one of the few European commanders who gained a victory over the
965:
266:
138:
356:
341:
250:
43:
505:
1063:
Italian military personnel killed in the First Italo-Ethiopian War
306:
298:
274:
214:
989:
Gli italiani in Africa Orientale. Dall'Unità alla marcia su Roma
605:"Italy in Africa: A Brief Introduction to Italian Colonial Wars"
557:
258:
281:. He then attended the School of War and in 1874 was promoted
328:
In 1894 he commanded the 2nd Operational Corps under General
463:
310:
63:
602:
351:
This situation eventually led to the massacre of Major
1005:
The Life and Times of Menelik II: Ethiopia, 1844–1913
494:Officer of the Order of Saint Maurice and Lazarus
16:Italian general during Battle of Adwa (1846–1896)
1034:
898:"Royal Decree 26 January 1895 (pdf in italian)"
838:"Royal Decree 5 October 1894 (pdf in italian)"
385:On 12 February, pressed by the Prime Minister
288:
958:The Campaign of Adowa and the Rise of Menelik
753:"Royal Decree 15 April 1895 (pdf in italian)"
438:
261:. After graduating in 1865, he was appointed
868:"Royal Decree 27 June 1895 (pdf in italian)"
783:"Royal Decree 18 July 1894 (pdf in italian)"
532:Previously promoted Officer in January 1895.
526:Commander of the Order of the Crown of Italy
277:he served as a military observer during the
374:
930:
714:
702:
690:
678:
666:
654:
642:
583:
29:
447:
253:on 26 April 1846, Arimondi attended the
1007:, Lawrenceville, N. J.: Red Sea Press,
498:For the Battle of Kassala, 17 July 1894
217:, mostly known for his role during the
1035:
974:, Chicago: Nyala Publishing, 160 pp.,
960:, Westminster: A. Constable, 403 pp.,
558:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani.
510:Officer of the Military Order of Savoy
425:
210:(26 April 1846 – 1 March 1896) was an
355:'s column. Isolated in an outpost at
993:, Milan, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore,
598:
596:
594:
592:
553:
551:
237:, and was posthumously awarded the
13:
950:
14:
1074:
1018:
970:Brown, P.S. and Yirgu, F. (1996)
933:Armies of the Adowa Campaign 1896
589:
548:
295:Alessandro Asinari di San Marzano
603:The Victorian Military Society.
520:
504:
488:
472:
453:
101:
82:
924:
890:
860:
830:
805:
775:
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720:
708:
696:
684:
672:
660:
648:
636:
627:
577:
478:Silver Medal of Military Valor
408:
363:to fend for themselves at the
1:
633:Royal Decree, 1 February 1894
541:
459:Gold Medal of Military Valour
244:
239:Gold Medal of Military Valour
560:"Arimondi, Giuseppe Edoardo"
273:. Upon reaching the rank of
229:, soundly defeating them at
188:Gold Medal of Military Valor
7:
289:Colonial service in Eritrea
10:
1079:
609:Victorian Military Society
439:Arimondi's stand and death
378:
956:Berkeley, G. F-H. (1902)
931:MacLachlan, Sean (2011).
269:, and fought in the 1866
219:First Italo-Ethiopian War
196:Giuseppe Edoardo Arimondi
183:
156:First Italo-Ethiopian War
132:
122:
114:
94:
77:
53:
37:
28:
21:
536:
397:and the newly appointed
375:Battle of Adwa and death
315:Second Battle of Agordat
144:Second Battle of Agordat
972:The Battle of Adwa 1896
817:Quirinale Official Site
732:Quirinale Official Site
1058:People from Savigliano
813:"Decoration's details"
728:"Decoration's details"
448:Awards and decorations
255:Royal Military Academy
227:Kitchener's Expedition
1053:Italian Army generals
1003:Marcus, H. G. (1995)
564:Treccani Enciclopedia
115:Years of service
987:Del Boca, A. (2002)
365:battle of Amba Alagi
426:Dabormida's advance
285:in the Army Staff.
279:Franco-Prussian War
48:Kingdom of Sardinia
1028:I generali di Adua
935:. Oxford: Osprey.
908:on 31 October 2016
878:on 31 October 2016
848:on 31 October 2016
793:on 31 October 2016
763:on 31 October 2016
395:Vittorio Dabormida
301:and sent again to
271:Italo-Austrian War
109:Royal Italian Army
980:978-0-9642068-1-6
942:978-1-84908-457-4
715:MacLachlan (2011)
703:MacLachlan (2011)
691:MacLachlan (2011)
679:MacLachlan (2011)
667:MacLachlan (2011)
655:MacLachlan (2011)
643:MacLachlan (2011)
584:MacLachlan (2011)
334:Battle of Kassala
313:Ahmed Alì at the
193:
192:
149:Battle of Kassala
23:Giuseppe Arimondi
1070:
946:
918:
917:
915:
913:
904:. Archived from
894:
888:
887:
885:
883:
874:. Archived from
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855:
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844:. Archived from
834:
828:
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823:
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789:. Archived from
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759:. Archived from
749:
743:
742:
740:
738:
724:
718:
717:, pp. 21–22
712:
706:
705:, pp. 19–20
700:
694:
693:, pp. 17–18
688:
682:
681:, pp. 15–16
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
631:
625:
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615:on 28 March 2017
611:. Archived from
600:
587:
581:
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570:
555:
524:
508:
492:
476:
457:
391:Matteo Albertone
387:Francesco Crispi
369:siege of Mek'ele
338:Battle of Coatit
330:Oreste Baratieri
174:
161:Battle of Coatit
107:
105:
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96:
89:Kingdom of Italy
87:
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72:Ethiopian Empire
60:
33:
19:
18:
1078:
1077:
1073:
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1069:
1068:
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1033:
1032:
1021:
953:
951:Further reading
943:
927:
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866:
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861:
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849:
836:
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831:
821:
819:
811:
810:
806:
796:
794:
781:
780:
776:
766:
764:
751:
750:
746:
736:
734:
726:
725:
721:
713:
709:
701:
697:
689:
685:
677:
673:
665:
661:
653:
649:
641:
637:
632:
628:
618:
616:
601:
590:
582:
578:
568:
566:
556:
549:
544:
539:
450:
441:
428:
411:
399:Giuseppe Ellena
383:
377:
332:, fighting the
291:
247:
170:
102:
100:
81:
62:
58:
42:
24:
17:
12:
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5:
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1066:
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1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
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1019:External links
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381:Battle of Adwa
379:Main article:
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41:26 April 1846
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988:
984:
971:
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932:
925:Bibliography
912:28 September
910:. Retrieved
906:the original
901:
892:
880:. Retrieved
876:the original
871:
862:
852:28 September
850:. Retrieved
846:the original
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822:28 September
820:. Retrieved
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797:28 September
795:. Retrieved
791:the original
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767:28 September
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761:the original
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735:. Retrieved
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669:, p. 15
662:
657:, p. 14
650:
645:, p. 12
638:
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613:the original
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586:, p. 41
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569:24 September
567:. Retrieved
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133:Battles/wars
59:(1896-03-01)
57:1 March 1896
1048:1896 deaths
1043:1846 births
409:Night march
267:Bersaglieri
139:Mahdist War
1037:Categories
902:Au.G.U.Sto
872:Au.G.U.Sto
842:Au.G.U.Sto
787:Au.G.U.Sto
757:Au.G.U.Sto
542:References
530:June 1895.
357:Amba Alagi
342:Menelik II
251:Savigliano
245:Early life
78:Allegiance
44:Savigliano
882:3 October
307:Dervishes
118:1865–1896
966:11834888
619:28 March
367:and the
361:Galliano
336:and the
319:Mahdists
249:Born in
223:Mahdists
95:Service/
303:Eritrea
299:colonel
275:captain
265:in the
231:Agordat
225:before
215:general
212:Italian
172:†
1011:
997:
978:
964:
939:
346:Tigray
309:under
259:Modena
184:Awards
168:
106:
97:branch
68:Tigray
537:Notes
283:major
1025:(it)
1009:ISBN
995:ISBN
985:(it)
976:ISBN
962:OCLC
937:ISBN
914:2017
884:2017
854:2017
824:2017
799:2017
769:2017
739:2017
621:2017
571:2017
464:Adwa
311:Emir
235:Adwa
200:OSML
123:Rank
64:Adwa
54:Died
38:Born
344:in
257:in
208:OCI
204:OMS
1039::
900:.
870:.
840:.
815:.
785:.
755:.
730:.
607:.
591:^
562:.
550:^
528:–
512:–
496:–
480:–
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70:,
66:,
46:,
945:.
916:.
886:.
856:.
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801:.
771:.
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573:.
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