214:
original model. Secondly, that it is possible that the sort of convection necessary to generate thermal plumes in the Earth's mantle does not occur. Thirdly, that so many variants of the original model have been invoked to accommodate what she describes as conflicting data, that the plume hypothesis is in practice no longer testable; finally, that alternative models are viable, though she suggests that these alternatives have been largely neglected by researchers.
194:, which she suggests could be explained alternatively by rapidly draining reservoirs of molten rock that have accumulated over time. Her research represents significant progress in developing an alternative model for anomalous volcanism. This phenomenon, she has suggested, can be better explained as a passive reaction to the stretching of lithospheric plates — such as in
213:
Foulger has suggested that, regarding the mantle plume controversy in Earth
Science, the fundamental reasons for the ongoing developments of this controversy are not well established. These factors according to Foulger are as follows: firstly, many observations conflict with the predictions of the
243:
has created a set of data in which numerous other studies have the potential to be produced. Foulger has used this ~80,000-earthquake dataset to analyze time-dependent seismic tomography, relative event relocations and moment-tensor analysis and aid in developing energy production strategies.
169:, where she completed her doctorate in 1985 and her Master of Science in Geophysics degree in 1976. She also received an M.A in 1978 and a B.A in Natural Sciences in 1974 both from the University of Cambridge. She is one of the leading proponents of alternative models, such as
227:'s geothermal area in California, in order to calculate the local-earthquake topography images. The Coso geothermal area in which this project takes place is used by to produce ~250 megawatts of electricity. This project, created through the collaboration of the
296:
2020, Foulger was awarded the
Leopold Von Buch Badge by the German Geological Society for her research in earthquake seismology and plate tectonics, in which her research also confronted long held assumptions of the way mantles work and how volcanoes were
185:
Challenging the mantle plume hypothesis, Foulger has posited that there is no chemical or isotopic data that require deep-plume origins nor are there anomalously elevated temperatures indicating the existence of such. She further claims that reliable
455:
222:
From 1996 to 2004 Gillian
Foulger, along with others such as Bruce Julian, Keith Richards-Dinger, and Francis Monastero monitored seismic activity using the arrival times of the U.S. Navy's seismometer network in the
198:— which allows melt to rise from shallow depths in the mantle. This work makes for an important contribution to the understanding of volcanic and earthquake areas such as the
911:
1030:
177:
hypothesis. Foulger is a
Managing Editor of Earth-Science Reviews; Scientific Reports Journal, a journal that publishes review articles of Earth Sciences.
1020:
867:
190:
results have yet to reveal concrete evidence of a plume. Plumes, in her estimation, cannot therefore account for the eruption rates of the largest
818:
257:
841:
306:
Foulger is a member of 6 different scientific societies; she is a Fellow of the
Icelandic National Academy of Sciences, Fellow of the
1015:
286:
for her work in "for investigations of outstanding merit in solid-earth geophysics, oceanography, or planetary sciences" of the
652:
430:
409:
915:
323:
319:
240:
1005:
851:
390:
256:
believed they had discovered a submerged continent stretching from
Greenland to Europe. They have given it the name "
228:
382:
315:
252:
In June 2021, Foulger reported that under her leadership experts from the
Department of Earth Sciences at
311:
307:
287:
336:
Thatcher, Wayne; Foulger, G. R.; Julian, B. R.; Svarc, J.; Quilty, E.; Bawden, G. W. (12 March 1999).
638:
420:
756:
726:
Julian, Bruce R.; Foulger, Gillian R.; Richards-Dinger, Keith; Monastero, Francis (31 March 2006).
170:
48:
1010:
795:
480:
743:
672:
1025:
684:
349:
52:
839:
8:
937:
224:
207:
962:
688:
353:
861:
770:
708:
236:
187:
847:
731:
700:
648:
616:
608:
426:
405:
386:
365:
253:
166:
338:"Present-Day Deformation Across the Basin and Range Province, Western United States"
712:
692:
598:
357:
335:
95:
361:
145:. Foulger plays a major role in coordinating the global debate in the category of
644:
203:
217:
199:
840:
Foulger, Gillian R.; Gernignon, Laurent; Laurent, Geoffrey (27 January 2022).
509:
279:
2005, Foulger was made a Fellow of the
Icelandic National Academy of Sciences.
260:". The theory is described in a chapter titled "Icelandia" in the publication
999:
704:
612:
146:
620:
369:
191:
174:
149:, on whether or not deep mantle thermal plumes exist and create “hot spot”
886:
728:"Time-dependent seismic tomography of the Coso geothermal area, 1996-2004"
555:
115:
283:
195:
62:
696:
162:
735:
727:
725:
150:
990:
603:
586:
337:
232:
938:"Geophysics research wins international award - Durham University"
843:
In the
Footsteps of Warren B. Hamilton: New Ideas in Earth Science
262:
In the
Footsteps of Warren B. Hamilton: New Ideas in Earth Science
84:
Seismological studies at the Hengill geothermal area, S.W. Iceland
83:
142:
37:
819:"Iceland may be part of a submerged continent called Icelandia"
796:"'Icelandia' – Is Iceland the tip of a vast, sunken continent?"
534:
77:
912:"Royal Astronomical Society announces 2005 medals and awards"
218:
Time-dependent seismic topography of the Coso geothermal area
585:
Foulger, Gillian R.; Hamilton, Warren B. (January 2014).
881:
879:
877:
247:
141:
is a British geologist and academic born in 1952 in
874:
293:2015, Fellow of the Geological Society of America.
997:
584:
991:Gillian Foulger home page at Durham University
404:. Geological Society of America. p. 998.
180:
636:
1031:Alumni of Durham University Graduate Society
866:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
673:"Mantle plumes: Why the current skepticism?"
640:Plates vs. Plumes: A Geological Controversy
504:
502:
453:
422:Plates vs. Plumes: A Geological Controversy
816:
1021:Fellows of the Royal Astronomical Society
632:
630:
602:
499:
329:
670:
418:
402:Plates, Plumes, and Planetary Processes
399:
376:
998:
627:
301:
276:2001, Sir James Knott research Fellow.
267:
666:
664:
580:
578:
576:
324:International Association of Geodesy
320:Society of Exploration Geophysicists
13:
460:www.zeitschrift-kulturaustausch.de
241:United States Department of Energy
14:
1042:
984:
846:. Geological Society of America.
798:. Durham University. 29 June 2021
661:
573:
273:1993, Nuffield Foundation fellow.
248:Icelandia - a submerged continent
425:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 364.
955:
930:
904:
833:
821:. Geological Society of Glasgow
810:
788:
763:
229:United States Geological Survey
1016:Academics of Durham University
719:
548:
527:
473:
454:Kulturaustausch, Zeitschrift.
447:
16:British geologist and academic
1:
587:"Plume hypothesis challenged"
440:
383:Geological Society of America
379:Plates, Plumes, And Paradigms
362:10.1126/science.283.5408.1714
316:Geological Society of America
671:Foulger, Gillian R. (2005).
239:, as well as funds from the
156:
7:
817:Gray, Bill (29 July 2021).
181:Hot spots and mantle plumes
10:
1047:
456:"Kulturaustausch: Archive"
312:American Geophysical Union
308:Royal Astronomical Society
288:Royal Astronomical Society
173:, to the established deep
161:Foulger is a professor of
110:
106:
94:
76:
69:
58:
44:
30:
23:
1006:British women geologists
677:Chinese Science Bulletin
49:University of Cambridge
751:Cite journal requires
637:Foulger, G.R. (2010).
510:"Prof Gillian Foulger"
419:Foulger, G.R. (2010).
400:Foulger, G.R. (2007).
377:Foulger, G.R. (2005).
322:, and a member of the
330:Selected publications
963:"Gillian R. Foulger"
887:"Gillian R. Foulger"
771:"Gillian R. Foulger"
556:"Gillian R. Foulger"
208:Yellowstone hotspots
175:mantle thermal plume
139:Gillian Rose Foulger
53:University of Durham
967:community.dur.ac.uk
891:community.dur.ac.uk
775:community.dur.ac.uk
689:2005ChSBu..50.1555F
560:community.dur.ac.uk
354:1999Sci...283.1714T
348:(5408): 1714–1718.
302:Society memberships
225:Coso Volcanic Field
697:10.1360/982005-919
535:"Do plumes exist?"
318:, a member of the
314:, a Fellow of the
310:, a member of the
282:2005, awarded the
268:Awards and honours
237:University of Utah
188:seismic-tomography
654:978-1-4051-6148-0
487:. 28 January 2014
481:"Gillian Foulger"
432:978-1-4051-6148-0
411:978-0-8137-2430-0
254:Durham University
167:Durham University
136:
135:
71:Scientific career
1038:
978:
977:
975:
973:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
934:
928:
927:
925:
923:
914:. Archived from
908:
902:
901:
899:
897:
883:
872:
871:
865:
857:
837:
831:
830:
828:
826:
814:
808:
807:
805:
803:
792:
786:
785:
783:
781:
767:
761:
760:
754:
749:
747:
739:
723:
717:
716:
668:
659:
658:
634:
625:
624:
606:
582:
571:
570:
568:
566:
552:
546:
545:
543:
541:
531:
525:
524:
522:
520:
506:
497:
496:
494:
492:
485:The Conversation
477:
471:
470:
468:
466:
451:
436:
415:
396:
373:
132:
129:
127:
125:
123:
121:
119:
117:
96:Doctoral advisor
90:
21:
20:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1035:
996:
995:
987:
982:
981:
971:
969:
961:
960:
956:
946:
944:
936:
935:
931:
921:
919:
918:on 16 July 2011
910:
909:
905:
895:
893:
885:
884:
875:
859:
858:
854:
838:
834:
824:
822:
815:
811:
801:
799:
794:
793:
789:
779:
777:
769:
768:
764:
752:
750:
741:
740:
724:
720:
669:
662:
655:
645:Wiley-Blackwell
635:
628:
604:10.1038/505618c
583:
574:
564:
562:
554:
553:
549:
539:
537:
533:
532:
528:
518:
516:
508:
507:
500:
490:
488:
479:
478:
474:
464:
462:
452:
448:
443:
433:
412:
393:
385:. p. 881.
332:
304:
270:
250:
220:
183:
159:
114:
101:
88:
51:
45:Alma mater
40:
35:
26:
25:Gillian Foulger
17:
12:
11:
5:
1044:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
994:
993:
986:
985:External links
983:
980:
979:
954:
929:
903:
873:
852:
832:
809:
787:
762:
753:|journal=
718:
660:
653:
626:
572:
547:
526:
498:
472:
445:
444:
442:
439:
438:
437:
431:
416:
410:
397:
391:
374:
331:
328:
303:
300:
299:
298:
294:
291:
280:
277:
274:
269:
266:
249:
246:
219:
216:
182:
179:
158:
155:
134:
133:
112:
108:
107:
104:
103:
100:Páll Einarsson
98:
92:
91:
80:
74:
73:
67:
66:
60:
56:
55:
46:
42:
41:
36:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1043:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1011:Living people
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1001:
992:
989:
988:
968:
964:
958:
943:
942:www.dur.ac.uk
939:
933:
917:
913:
907:
892:
888:
882:
880:
878:
869:
863:
855:
853:9780813795539
849:
845:
844:
836:
820:
813:
797:
791:
776:
772:
766:
758:
745:
737:
733:
729:
722:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
667:
665:
656:
650:
646:
642:
641:
633:
631:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
600:
597:(7485): 618.
596:
592:
588:
581:
579:
577:
561:
557:
551:
536:
530:
515:
514:www.dur.ac.uk
511:
505:
503:
486:
482:
476:
461:
457:
450:
446:
434:
428:
424:
423:
417:
413:
407:
403:
398:
394:
392:0-8137-2388-4
388:
384:
380:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
334:
333:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
295:
292:
289:
285:
281:
278:
275:
272:
271:
265:
263:
259:
255:
245:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
215:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
192:flood basalts
189:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
154:
152:
148:
147:Earth Science
144:
140:
131:
113:
109:
105:
99:
97:
93:
86:
85:
81:
79:
75:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
54:
50:
47:
43:
39:
33:
29:
22:
19:
970:. Retrieved
966:
957:
945:. Retrieved
941:
932:
920:. Retrieved
916:the original
906:
894:. Retrieved
890:
842:
835:
823:. Retrieved
812:
800:. Retrieved
790:
778:. Retrieved
774:
765:
744:cite journal
721:
683:(15): 1555.
680:
676:
639:
594:
590:
563:. Retrieved
559:
550:
538:. Retrieved
529:
517:. Retrieved
513:
489:. Retrieved
484:
475:
463:. Retrieved
459:
449:
421:
401:
378:
345:
341:
305:
261:
251:
221:
212:
196:rift valleys
184:
171:plate theory
160:
138:
137:
82:
70:
18:
1026:1952 births
922:10 February
540:10 February
284:Price Medal
63:Price Medal
1000:Categories
519:16 January
441:References
163:Geophysics
102:R. E. Long
862:cite book
825:12 August
802:12 August
705:1001-6538
613:0028-0836
258:Icelandia
157:Biography
151:volcanism
116:community
972:19 April
947:18 April
896:19 April
780:19 April
621:24476880
565:17 April
491:16 April
465:19 April
370:10073932
235:and the
233:U.S Navy
128:.foulger
713:7358415
685:Bibcode
350:Bibcode
342:Science
297:formed.
204:Iceland
143:Ipswich
111:Website
38:Ipswich
850:
736:926259
734:
711:
703:
651:
619:
611:
591:Nature
429:
408:
389:
368:
231:, the
200:Hawaii
89:(1984)
87:
78:Thesis
65:(2005)
59:Awards
709:S2CID
974:2021
949:2021
924:2008
898:2021
868:link
848:ISBN
827:2021
804:2021
782:2021
757:help
732:OSTI
701:ISSN
649:ISBN
617:PMID
609:ISSN
567:2021
542:2008
521:2023
493:2021
467:2021
427:ISBN
406:ISBN
387:ISBN
366:PMID
206:and
118:.dur
34:1952
31:Born
693:doi
599:doi
595:505
358:doi
346:283
165:at
122:.uk
120:.ac
1002::
965:.
940:.
889:.
876:^
864:}}
860:{{
773:.
748::
746:}}
742:{{
730:.
707:.
699:.
691:.
681:50
679:.
675:.
663:^
647:.
643:.
629:^
615:.
607:.
593:.
589:.
575:^
558:.
512:.
501:^
483:.
458:.
381:.
364:.
356:.
344:.
340:.
326:.
264:.
210:.
202:,
153:.
126:.r
124:/g
976:.
951:.
926:.
900:.
870:)
856:.
829:.
806:.
784:.
759:)
755:(
738:.
715:.
695::
687::
657:.
623:.
601::
569:.
544:.
523:.
495:.
469:.
435:.
414:.
395:.
372:.
360::
352::
290:.
130:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.