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improvement in any matter affecting the health or living conditions of Naval personnel. In adjudicating the award of the Medal consideration will be given to achievement by
Medical Officers in research, in original articles and reports; criticisms of a constructive character of existing conditions; and information which is brought to notice or work performed, or suggestions made, by Medical Officers within the scope of the regulations governing the award as stated above.
752:
270:. In 1795 Blane was appointed as Commissioner on the Sick and Wounded Board of the Admiralty; the provision of soap, lemons, adequate ventilation and standardised medical stores have all been attributed to his reforms. He was an instrumental advisor to the government in the drafting of the 1799 Quarantine Act. Blane left the Commission in 1802.
405:
In 1830 Sir
Gilbert Blane established, with the sanction of the Board of the Admiralty, a fund for the encouragement of Naval Medical science, which was vested in the corporation of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of London. The fund of £300 was to be used to confer gold medals, to be awarded jointly
242:
He advocated the use of citrus juice as a preventative and cure for scurvy in the squadron and eventually, as
Commissioner of the Sick and Wounded Board, persuaded the Admiralty to go against the theories of the medical establishment and introduce lemon juice as daily addition to the naval diet in
448:
for his examinations of the nature of syphilis and rheumatic fever. These were the only medals adjudicated by Blane prior to his death in 1834. In 1913 the rules of the prize were amended and the medal was to be awarded to the
Medical Officer who achieved the highest mark in his professional
453:
This fund is employed for the purposes of conferring a Gold Medal on the
Medical Officer of the Royal Navy who, to a degree which is considered worthy of recognition, has brought about an advance in any branch of Medical Science in its application to Naval Service, or has contributed to an
230:. Blane did much to improve the health of sailors by improving their diet and enforcing proper sanitary precautions. He demanded monthly reports from other ships' surgeons which enabled him to build up a detailed picture of the high levels of sickness that affected the squadron. Despite
238:, which established the importance of fresh fruit and vegetables in preventing scurvy, the Admiralty had not implemented his recommendations, and scurvy remained a significant cause of sickness in the Fleet. Blane published a pamphlet for the benefit of ships' surgeons in 1780 entitled
466:, upon the recommendation of the Medical Director General (Navy). The medal was last awarded in 2020 to Surgeon Commander Anton Fries, consultant plastic surgeon at Oxford University Hospitals, for his work on reconstructive transplantation surgery.
297:. The General Staff heeded Blane's advice that the occupying forces should be evacuated due to the likelihood of sickness. As a reward for his services to the Walcheren expedition and his other naval contributions, he was made
725:
1300:
361:
when he studied medicine at
Edinburgh University. Monro later accused Blane of plagiarising some of the information in publications, going so far as to write a pamphlet about the incident.
1290:
200:(MD 1778) before moving to London. The challenge of establishing a practice in London was eased by his friendship with Dr William Hunter, elder brother of the famous
1275:
839:
429:'; with mind and hand. Under the original terms, a pair of medals would be awarded biennially. Blane himself judged the first award of a pair of medals in 1832; to
266:. By virtue of these court and hospital appointments, he built up a good practice for himself in London, and the government constantly consulted him on questions of
637:
767:
1280:
583:
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254:(1783–1795), Physician Extraordinary to the Prince of Wales (1786) and Physician in Ordinary to the King (George IV and William IV). He became a
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by the
Presidents of the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, to the Medical Officer of the Royal Navy who was judged to demonstrate
772:
170:
158:
165:. He saw action against both the French and Spanish fleets, and later served as a Commissioner on the Sick and Wounded Board of the
449:
examinations for promotion to Staff
Surgeon. In 1936 the regulations were again changed to a form that remains extant to this day:
218:
Blane was appointed
Physician to the Fleet (1779–1783) and accompanied Rodney, initially to pursue the Spanish squadron besieging
205:
487:
293:
with 40,000 men. The island was surrounded by marshland and many troops were struck down with 'Walcheren Fever', most likely
1285:
709:
504:
155:
243:
1795. Later lemons were replaced by limes which could be obtained from
Britain's Caribbean colonies, and for this reason, "
459:
843:
660:
408:"the most distinguished proofs of skill, diligence, humanity and learning in the exercise of their professional duties"
430:
223:
1167:
1330:
1325:
654:
496:
1106:
877:
864:
204:
who is now widely regarded as the father of modern surgery in Britain. Dr William Hunter introduced Blane to
161:(29 August 1749 – 26 June 1834) was a Scottish physician who instituted health reform in the
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On the most effective means for preserving the health of seamen, particularly in the Royal Navy.
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201:
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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189:, he was the fourth son of Gilbert Blane of Blanefield (d.1771) and Agnes McFadzen.
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Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002: Biographical Index
1234:
1184:
763:
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306:
458:
The Gilbert Blane Medal is awarded annually to this day, alternately by the
1188:
1147:"Sir Gilbert Blane MD FRS - An Administrator of Naval Medicine and Hygiene"
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901:
826:
Media and the Mind: Art, Science and Notebooks as Paper Machines, 1700-1830
419:
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998:
955:
401:. The example above was awarded to Surg Lt Cdr Jowan Penn-Barwell in 2015.
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893:
639:
Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783–2002: Part 1 (A–J)
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227:
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370:
335:
328:
324:
302:
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162:
776:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 41.
702:
Physician to the Fleet: The Life and Times of Thonas Trotter 1760-1832
414:
who had designed the 1817 St George and dragon reverse of the British
290:
219:
186:
65:
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On the Nature of the Muscles, and on the Theory of Muscular Motion
1301:
Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
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294:
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In 1809 Blane provided expert medical advice with regards to the
277:
Blane advocated that each man be issued a tourniquet in battle.
87:
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122:
83:
244:
385:
Blane married Elizabeth Gardiner in 1786. She died in 1832.
828:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. Chapter 10.
152:
485:
687:"Lind, James (1753). A treatise on scurvy in three parts"
934:
Allison, R S (1990). "Chirurgeon: look to the wounded".
486:
Waterston, Charles D; Macmillan Shearer, A (July 2006).
1078:
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
865:
Journal Royal Naval Medical Service 2003 89(3);121-122
418:
which is still used today. It is currently struck in
208:
who appointed Blane as his personal physician aboard
813:. London: Joseph Cooper; Edinburgh: William Creech.
631:
629:
627:
247:" became a common slang word for a British person.
1149:. Journal Royal Naval Medical Service 2 (1): 72-81
1047:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
1012:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
977:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
1291:Members of the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh
250:On his return to Britain, he became Physician to
1276:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
1232:
699:
636:C D Waterston; A Macmillan Shearer (July 2006).
624:
425:; the reverse side is inscribed with the motto '
810:Observations on the diseases incident to seamen
584:"Sir Gilbert Blane FRS: the man and his legacy"
533:
531:
279:Observations on the diseases incident to seamen
1043:"Sir Gilbert Blane, Bart, MD FRS (1749–1832)"
581:
528:
150:Sir Gilbert Blane of Blanefield, 1st Baronet
1171:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
481:
479:
1111:Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service
936:Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service
882:Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service
591:Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service
388:
357:Blane attended the anatomy course of Prof
121:Obligatory use of lemon juice to prevent
31:
1281:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
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1023:
988:
331:to stem catastrophic bleeding in battle.
289:. This involved a British occupation of
171:Medical and Chirurgical Society of London
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1261:People from Kirkoswald, South Ayrshire
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314:Observations on the Diseases of Seamen
1266:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
1256:19th-century Scottish medical doctors
1251:18th-century Scottish medical doctors
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537:
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684:
577:
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460:Royal College of Surgeons of England
397:The Gilbert Blane Medal designed by
323:He was an advocate for issuing each
1306:Royal Navy Medical Service officers
1271:Alumni of the University of Glasgow
1076:King, L S (1978). "Medical logic".
369:He died at Sackville Street in the
13:
1008:"Sir Gilbert Blane Bt (1749–1834)"
973:"Sir Gilbert Blane Bt (1749–1834)"
927:
444:and to Dr William Donnelly of HMS
440:for his preparations for the 1827
14:
1347:
1153:
704:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.
562:
1198:Baronetage of the United Kingdom
1168:Dictionary of National Biography
796:. 31 October 1812. p. 2189.
750:
869:
858:
832:
817:
800:
726:"Library and Archive Catalogue"
345:He was elected a member of the
1296:Académie Nationale de Médecine
780:
718:
693:
678:
497:The Royal Society of Edinburgh
352:
1:
824:Eddy, Matthew Daniel (2023).
469:
1286:Fellows of the Royal Society
582:Penn-Barwell, Jowan (2016).
410:. The medal was designed by
258:in 1784 and delivered their
7:
464:Royal College of Physicians
256:Fellow of the Royal Society
10:
1352:
1090:10.1093/jhmas/XXXIII.3.377
647:Royal Society of Edinburgh
495:. Vol. I. Edinburgh:
312:His printed works include
224:Battle of Cape St. Vincent
169:. He was President of the
1221:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1107:"The Gilbert BLANE medal"
878:"The Gilbert Blane medal"
700:Vale and Edwards (2011).
538:Price, Catherine (2017).
380:
318:Elements of Medical Logic
222:and engaging them at the
143:
135:
128:
117:
102:
94:
72:
46:
30:
23:
364:
359:Alexander Monro Secundus
1145:Rolleston, H D (1916).
840:"The Royal Mint Museum"
807:Blane, Gilbert (1785).
773:Encyclopædia Britannica
389:The Gilbert Blane Medal
309:, on 26 December 1812.
192:He studied medicine at
181:Born in Blanefield, by
176:
1331:Physicians-in-Ordinary
1326:People from Burghfield
1185:Works by Gilbert Blane
1176:Works by Gilbert Blane
1162:"Blane, Gilbert"
456:
402:
282:
1105:Coulter, J L (1960).
971:Beasley, A W (1985).
451:
396:
276:
25:Sir Gilbert Blane, Bt
1123:10.1136/jrnms-46-183
894:10.1136/jrnms-46-183
876:Coulter, JL (1960).
685:Lind, James (1753).
603:10.1136/jrnms-102-61
338:in Berkshire and at
287:Walcheren expedition
236:A treatise on scurvy
234:1753 publication of
194:Edinburgh University
107:Edinburgh University
1336:People from Maybole
1041:Leach, R D (1980).
1006:Wharton, M (1984).
948:10.1136/jrnms-76-15
540:"The Age of Scurvy"
412:Benedetto Pistrucci
399:Benedetto Pistrucci
347:Institute of France
281:(1785), pp. 498-499
252:St Thomas' Hospital
793:The London Gazette
768:Blane, Sir Gilbert
666:on 24 January 2013
442:Battle of Navarino
403:
283:
226:, and then to the
198:Glasgow University
111:Glasgow University
39:Martin Archer Shee
16:Scottish physician
1321:Scottish surgeons
1229:
1228:
1222:Succeeded by
1180:Project Gutenberg
711:978-1-84383-604-9
612:on 22 August 2016
516:on 4 October 2006
506:978-0-902198-84-5
377:on 26 June 1834.
147:
146:
130:Scientific career
37:Gilbert Blane by
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1316:Scottish knights
1311:Scottish sailors
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260:Croonian lecture
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928:Further reading
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766:, ed. (1911). "
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431:Dr John Liddell
423:Sterling silver
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334:Blane lived at
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103:Alma mater
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60:Blanefield, by
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1154:External links
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846:on 25 May 2019
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268:public hygiene
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848:. Retrieved
844:the original
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668:. Retrieved
661:the original
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607:the original
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78:(1834-06-26)
76:26 June 1834
64:, Ayrshire,
18:
1246:1834 deaths
1241:1749 births
788:"No. 16663"
732:15 December
520:19 November
420:gold-plated
353:Controversy
316:(1785) and
228:West Indies
206:Lord Rodney
202:John Hunter
95:Nationality
1235:Categories
1224:Hugh Blane
1219:1812–1834
656:090219884X
550:(2): 12–23
470:References
371:Piccadilly
340:Kirkoswald
336:Burghfield
329:tourniquet
325:Royal Navy
303:Blanefield
183:Kirkoswald
163:Royal Navy
62:Kirkoswald
54:1749-08-29
915:16 August
850:22 August
616:16 August
349:in 1826.
220:Gibraltar
173:in 1813.
167:Admiralty
113:(MD 1778)
1131:13695943
964:34645088
902:13695943
554:17 April
462:and the
373:area of
320:(1819).
262:in 1788
212:Sandwich
187:Ayrshire
139:Medicine
98:Scottish
66:Scotland
1211:Baronet
1139:8359935
1069:6994573
1060:2492378
1034:6385804
1025:2493700
999:3901866
990:2499530
956:2197404
910:8359935
761::
305:in the
299:baronet
295:malaria
88:England
52: (
1137:
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1098:361812
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446:Hussar
381:Family
375:London
136:Fields
123:scurvy
84:London
41:, 1833
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