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humor." Menotti wrote skilfully for smaller instrumental ensembles, and his orchestrations tend to be lighter and open. A composer who purposefully chose to cater to the tastes of the general public, his use of tonal melodies often had a modal flavor, frequently used sequence and repetition; they are easily remembered. In his operas his aria-like passages tend to be brief so as not to interrupt the dramatic flow, while his recitative-like passages carefully used natural speech rhythms that make the text easily understood by audiences. In 1964 he wrote:
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174:, director, and playwright who is primarily known for his output of 25 operas. Although he often referred to himself as an American composer, he kept his Italian citizenship. One of the most frequently performed opera composers of the 20th century, his most successful works were written in the 1940s and 1950s. Highly influenced by
1285:, where he had a home. He was buried in East Lothian, Scotland. In June and July 2007 the Festival of Two Worlds, which Menotti founded and oversaw until his death, dedicated the 50th anniversary of the festival to his memory, organised by his son Francis. Menotti works performed during the festival included
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in 1955. This work was also awarded the Drama
Critics' Circle Award for best musical and the New York Music Critics' Circle Award for the best opera. Set in contemporary New York, the opera is concerned with the conflict of the physical and spiritual worlds. Following its New York run, the opera was
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and the Swiss border, Menotti was the sixth of ten children of
Alfonso and Ines Menotti. His father was a businessman and his mother a talented amateur musician. The family was financially prosperous with his father and uncle jointly operating a coffee exporting firm in Colombia. He learned to play
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Kerman's scathing attack on
Menotti was the beginning of an ambivalent relationship with music criticism for the composer which increased in the critical climate of the 1960s in which reviewers favored serialism and the musical avant-garde over Menotti's Italian verismo-inspired style. Viewed as a
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which carefully sets language to natural rhythms in ways that highlight textual meaning and underscore dramatic intent. In explaining his rejection of many of the composition trends of musical modernism, Menotti stated: "Atonal music is essentially pessimistic. It is incapable of expressing joy or
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which had a negative impact on his creative productivity and his relationship with
Menotti.' Barber had already begun to self isolate for long periods of time at a chalet in Santa Christina, Italy, and spent increasingly less time at Capricorn. Tensions grew between Menotti and Barber, leading
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Menotti's mother was highly influential in his musical development and sent all of her children to music lessons in the piano, violin, and cello. The family performed chamber music together, and with other musicians in the community in evenings hosted in the
Menotti household. Gian Carlo began
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The reaction against
Menotti's popularity was, for a time, disproportionately extreme. The movement towards neo-romanticism during the last 20 years has tended to favour Barber, who used an excellent libretto from Menotti for his grand opera Vanessa, produced at the Met in 1958. But for sheer
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regressive musical conservative in this period, critics tended to dismiss his work as derivative or overly melodramatic. This negative reaction to
Menotti's music continued into the 1980s, but then softened as tastes shifted away from serialism and the avant-garde towards
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in Paris, and that work was given a lavish production at the
Metropolitan Opera in 1964. This opera was disparaged by the French and American press, but was particularly well received for performances at opera houses in Italy in succeeding years. Also in 1963, his
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which resulted in an overly pretentious philosophical and symbolic work that failed to connect with audiences. In interviews he expressed that this failure taught him "how not to write an opera". Following this, he wrote his first dramatic play without music,
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became an annual
Christmas tradition. The work has also been staged by numerous opera companies, universities, and other institutions, and became one of the most frequently performed operas of the 20th century. The work remains Menotti's most popular work.
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In spite of these festival's claims on
Menotti's time, which included directing plays as well as operas, he maintained an active artistic career. Many of his later operas are directed towards children, both as subjects and as performers, including
1218:, and she performed the work both in San Diego and with the New York City Opera. The work tells the story of the daughter of Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain, and was the last opera Sills added to her repertory before retiring. In 1986 his opera
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In 1992, Menotti was appointed artistic director of the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, a post he maintained for two years before being asked to resign over conflicts with the theatre's managers involving Menotti's insistence of staging Wagner's
429:. The work was inspired by the Baroness von Montechivsky whom Menotti met earlier that summer in Vienna. He spent the majority of the next four years pursuing further musical studies in Europe, including composition studies with
1168:, Australia. Menotti was the artistic director during the period of 1986–88, but after three festivals there, he decided to withdraw – and took the naming rights with him. The Melbourne Spoleto Festival has now become the
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which were ultimately never developed into films. He accepted a position teaching music composition on the faculty of the Curtis Institute in 1948, a post he remained in until 1955. His notable pupils included composers
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is the only one of Menotti's operas still to be published in its original or perhaps "complementary" Italian libretto (alongside the English): it is an example of the traditional romantic Italianate style, with a nod to
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in 1971. An opera focusing on racial tensions in America with a central black hero, the work was poorly received by most critics. However, Menotti personally believed that this was one of his best operas on par with
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in Milwaukee. Filmed for national broadcast on PBS, the piece is Menotti's most autobiographical work with the text consisting of personal memories and incidents of the composer's own life in America. On June 1 the
623:. These operas became Menotti's first internationally successful works, notably receiving critically acclaimed productions in Paris and London in 1949 and later touring Europe in 1955 under the sponsorship of the
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In 1967 Thomas Schippers succeeded Menotti as director of the Festival of Two Worlds, although he continued on as President of the festival's board of directors for several more decades. That same year Menotti's
356:. This work was performed as a home puppet show, a passion that occupied Gian Carlo's youth after he was introduced to the art from his older brother Pier Antonio. He began his formal musical training at the
925:, this opera was never intended to be transferred from television to the stage and was written with the intention of utilizing special camera effects that were unique to television. That same year the opera
1152:. For three weeks each summer, Spoleto is visited by nearly a half-million people. These festivals were intended to bring opera to a popular audience and helped launch the careers of such artists as singer
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Menotti to end their romantic attachment and put 'Capricorn' up for sale in 1970. Capricorn sold in 1972, and the two men remained friends after their romantic involvement ceased. In 1972 Menotti purchased
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In 1970 Menotti made the difficult decision to end his lengthy romantic relationship with Samuel Barber. Barber had battled depression and alcoholism following the harsh critical reaction to his 1966 opera
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While principally writing in the verismo style, Menotti did use some newer 20th century harmonic techniques and language when they served the dramatic intent of his works. For example, he uses
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the organ from his eccentric aunt LiLine Bianchini, who experienced religious hallucinations. He was deeply religious in his youth, and was greatly influenced by his parish priest Don Rimoldi.
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After graduating from the Curtis Institute in the spring of 1933, Menotti and Barber spent the following summer in Austria where Menotti began writing the libretto for his first mature opera,
1053:, East Lothian, Scotland. He lived there until his death thirty-five years later. While there, he jokingly stated his Scottish neighbors referred to him as "Mr McNotti". In 1974 he adopted
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starred as the tormented protagonist Magda Sorel, for which she won the Donaldson Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 1950. Menotti apparently intended to give a role to a then-unknown
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There is a certain indolence towards the use of the voice today, a tendency to treat the voice instrumentally, as if composers feared that its texture is too expressive, too human.
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740:, but the producer would not have it. The work has become a part of the established opera repertory, and has been performed in more than a dozen languages and over 20 countries.
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1102:. The first of these was the cantata in nine parts for soloists, chorus and orchestra, "Landscapes and Remembrances," which premiered on May 8 in a performance by the
570:, was written for the Metropolitan Opera where it premiered to poor reviews in 1942. He believed this work failed because the libretto he wrote relied too heavily on
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for American television. Although not initially conceived as a work for the stage, the opera premiered in a live theatrical performance on June 3, 1964, at the
880:, Italy in 1958. His compositional output slowed as his duties as director of the festival consumed his time. He wrote the libretti for Barber's one act opera
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At the age of 17, Menotti's life was dramatically altered by the death of his father. Following her husband's death, Ines Menotti and Gian Carlo moved to
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theatrical craft and human curiosity, sustained by his own complex emotional make-up, Menotti created a telling verismo of the Second World War era.
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with none of their fugitive virtues." However, Kerman later tempered his assessment, and retracted this statement in the 1988 revision of the book.
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at the moment of Magda's suicide. Even in his tonal harmonic passages he would sometimes break traditional harmonic progression rules by employing
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on Broadway in 1959 and was also filmed for a nationally televised broadcast on NBC. The cast remained constant throughout and included Neway,
391:, who became his partner in life as well as in their shared profession. As a student, Menotti spent much of his time with the Barber family in
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238:(1955). While all of his works used English language libretti, three of his operas also had Italian language libretti penned by the composer:
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549:. The home served as their artistic retreat up until 1972. Many of their major works were composed at this house. The two frequently hosted
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was a particular admirer of Menotti who championed the composer in his reviews for his skillful merge of music and theater. In contrast,
1057:, an American actor and figure skater he had known since the early 1960s. Chip, and later his wife, lived with Menotti at Yester House.
218:(1951), along with over two dozen other operas intended to appeal to popular taste. Many of Menotti's operas enjoyed successful runs on
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Reactions to Menotti's works ranged widely. His early career was mainly marked by critical and commercial success, with the operas
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The year 1976 was particularly fruitful for Menotti, with a series of premieres commissioned in honor of the bicentennial of the
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gatherings at Capricorn with other well known composers, artists, musicians, and intellectuals in attendance. American author
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757:(c. 1485–1500). It was the first opera ever written for television in America, and first aired on Christmas Eve, 1951 with
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which carefully sets language to natural rhythms in ways that highlight textual meaning and underscore dramatic intent.
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3194:"Gian Carlo Menotti: Opera composer of extraordinary popularity and founder of the Festival of Two Worlds at Spoleto"
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for the closing of the orchestra's 1938–1939 season. The opera was first staged in a slightly revised version by the
2126:"Gian Carlo Menotti Opera composer of extraordinary popularity and founder of the Festival of Two Worlds at Spoleto"
798:(1956), a "madrigal fable" for chorus, ten dancers and nine instruments which was based on the 16th century Italian
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2502:"New Radio Opera of Menotti Given: 'The Old Maid and Thief,' in One Act of 14 Scenes, Heard From Radio City Studio"
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writing songs when he was seven years old, and at eleven wrote both the libretto and music for his first opera,
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The 1950s marked the pinnacle of Menotti's critical acclaim, beginning with his first full-length opera,
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in a futile attempt to salvage the family's coffee business. In 1928 she enrolled him at Philadelphia's
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3022:"TV: New Menotti Opera; 'Martin's Lie' Given Belated U.S. Premiere by C.B.S. – Meant for Church Groups"
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as part of the Mass celebrating the occasion. In 1996 Menotti directed his second filmed version of
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as Amelia in April 1937, and this was soon followed by professional stagings later that year at the
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1401:(1954) all demonstrating popular appeal and overall favorable reviews. Music critic and editor
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in 1947. This Broadway production also included Menotti's fifth opera, the short one act opera
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in 1924 at the age of 13. While at the conservatory, Menotti wrote his second childhood opera,
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980:, and was broadcast nationally by CBS for the opera's United States premiere on May 30, 1965.
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976:. The opera was subsequently filmed with the same cast for television under the direction of
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In 1943, Menotti and Barber purchased 'Capricorn', a house north of Manhattan in suburban
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from 1992 to 1994, and directed operas periodically for notable organizations such as the
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Gian Carlo Menotti on Screen: Opera, Dance and Choral Works on Film, Television and Video
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3459:"Menotti's most significant contribution may not be his operas, but the festival itself"
2998:"Opera By Menotti Bows In England: Premiere of 'Martin's Lie' Sung in Bristol Cathedral"
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802:. Commissioned by the Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge Foundation, the work premiered at the
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908:(1943), into a French language play which premiered in Paris in 1959. Music critic
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leading the ensemble. The first staged production in New York was presented by the
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3122:"Documentary sheds new light on fascinating West Chester composer Samuel Barber"
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glbtq: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture
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before returning to Italy. Armed with a letter of introduction from the wife of
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2482:. Vol. CXVII, no. 6. New York: Summy-Birchard. p. 9 – via
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to parody contemporary civilization (and indirectly the avant-garde composer);
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in 1976 – a descriptive work of Menotti's memories of America written for the
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In the midst of the success, Menotti also composed music for the 1948 ballet
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was a frequent visitor to the house and later Goyen's lover, American artist
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for whom the work was written. He composed music for the 1968 production of
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2522:"Two Operatic Novelties: Philadelphia Company Is Heard by a Large Audience"
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was commissioned by the New York City Opera, and was given its premiere at
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in the title role. The opera was given its first international staging in
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Rena Fruchter (January 8, 1995). "Day for Composers to Be in Spotlight".
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as his mother. The opera was such a success that the broadcasting of
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Menotti also wrote music for several ballets, numerous choral works,
209:, Menotti wrote the libretti of all his operas. He wrote the classic
191:
170:; July 7, 1911 – February 1, 2007) was an Italian-American composer,
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1963 was a particularly busy year for Menotti. His television opera
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for Musical Play of the Year (the latter in 1954). American soprano
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from first recording of Menotti's Arioso for 2 cellos and strings,
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Menotti's style was particularly influenced by Giacomo Puccini and
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Paul Hume (June 13, 1976). "Gian Carlo Menotti: 'The Egg and I'".
2615:(1st ed.). London: Cackelgoose Press. pp. 104–105, 199.
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Bruce, Archibald; Barnes, Jennifer (2001). "Menotti, Gian Carlo".
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from 1948 to 1955. He also served as the artistic director of the
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Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
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International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences
591:(1945) which were written before Menotti returned to opera with
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825:, Menotti crafted the libretto for Barber's most famous opera,
425:), to his own Italian text while staying in a small village on
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chose to program portions of the opera in 1942 with conductor
383:, the teenager Gian Carlo studied composition at Curtis under
1755:(1956), a madrigal fable for chorus, instruments, and dancers
2012:
List of music students by teacher: K to M#Gian Carlo Menotti
1982:
1164:. In 1986, he extended the concept to a Spoleto Festival in
403:
3175:"The Frantic, Nonstop Preparations for a New Menotti Opera"
1244:, premiered in Seoul, South Korea, in conjunction with the
1172:. Menotti left Spoleto USA in 1993 to take the helm of the
1121:(1976) which satirized American politics, particularly the
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2713:"Lee Hoiby, Opera Composer Known for Lyricism, Dies at 85"
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to honour his role as creator and spirit of the festival.
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for achievement in the arts, and in 1991 he was chosen as
300:. Also worthy of note is a small Mass commissioned by the
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Heyman, Barbara B. (2001). "Barber, Samuel (Osmond)". In
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The Curtis Institute presented the world premiere of the
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3440:"Festival dei Due Mondi, Spoleto, Umbria – Program 2007"
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In 2010, the main theatre in Spoleto was renamed as the
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Cantilena and Scherzo for harp and string quartet (1977)
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served as his personal secretary during the late 1950s.
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Menotti died on February 1, 2007, at the age of 95, at
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and then transferred to a critically successful run on
311:
Menotti taught music composition on the faculty of the
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at the time of Menotti's death in 2007, music critic
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at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia in 1941. The
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Nocturne for Soprano, String Quartet and Harp (1982)
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became friends with and visited Menotti and Barber.
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in Paris. He did not finish composing the music for
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16:
Italian-American composer and librettist (1911–2007)
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3146:"Scotland's Yester House on market for £15 million"
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Moans, Groans, Cries And Sighs (A Composer At Work)
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1115:performed the world premiere of the comedic opera
773:Menotti won a second Pulitzer Prize for his opera
387:. That same year, he met fellow Curtis schoolmate
368:which cemented his lifetime love for the artform.
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2036:
1299:Oh llama de amor viva! (San Giovanni della Croce)
583:. Other works from this period include a ballet,
274:in Australia, but he withdrew after three years.
198:, Menotti's music is characterized by expressive
4952:Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
4883:
3346:"Two Guest Conductors for Greater Buffalo Opera"
2464:
1874:from the American Choral Directors Association.
281:, orchestral music of varying kinds including a
4922:20th-century Italian dramatists and playwrights
3480:"Winthrop Sargeant, 82, Dies; Music Writer for
3225:
3106:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2902:
2658:
2557:
2317:
2120:
2072:
1834:(1990), cantata for tenor, chorus and orchestra
1715:Pastoral and Dance for Strings and Piano (1934)
921:was premiered by the NBC Opera Theatre. Unlike
904:adapted his first dramatic play without music,
437:until his return to the United States in 1937.
3543:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 251.
3343:
2560:The New York City Opera: An American Adventure
1358:to represent the invaders from outer space in
1060:In 1970 Menotti's second drama without music,
285:, and stage plays. Notable among these is his
4671:
4455:
4003:
3761:
3512:
3456:
3452:
3450:
3448:
2690:
2541:"Rarely Heard Works Slated By Philharmonic".
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
1427:wrote in the 1956 edition of his widely read
1091:in Chicago as part of the IX Congress of the
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3016:
2455:(see Ricordi editions 1937, 1976 and recent)
1295:Muero porque no muero (Santa Teresa D'Avila)
1031:and the New York City Opera the year after.
3721:Three Conversations with Gian Carlo Menotti
3366:"Menotti Is Dismissed from Rome Opera Post"
3312:
3169:
2496:
2412:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 350.
2382:"Gian Carlo Menotti – 1911–2007 – American"
2227:
1466:
1333:, his music is characterized by expressive
1214:(1979) as a 50th birthday gift for soprano
823:The Unicorn, the Gorgon, and the Manticore'
743:In 1951, Menotti wrote his Christmas opera
694:
464:in the title role. A critical success, the
4678:
4664:
4462:
4448:
4010:
3996:
3859:The Unicorn, the Gorgon, and the Manticore
3768:
3754:
3699:
3640:on MySpoleto. Accessed February 25, 2015.
3534:
3445:
3231:"Notes: A Summer of Premieres for Menotti"
3139:
3137:
2935:
2103:
2068:
2066:
2064:
1843:Trio for Violin, Clarinet and Piano (1996)
1752:The Unicorn, the Gorgon, and the Manticore
1240:Italian style. His last opera for adults,
1129:presented the world premiere of Menotti's
1034:
795:The Unicorn, the Gorgon, and the Manticore
398:
31:
3508:
3506:
3249:
3058:
2995:
2778:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O902546
2598:Samuel Barber: The Composer and His Music
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
1940:Mass for the Contemporary English Liturgy
1894:Amahl and the Night Visitors: Vocal Score
500:earned Menotti a commission to compose a
306:Mass for the Contemporary English Liturgy
5027:American LGBT dramatists and playwrights
2911:. University of Illinois Press. p.
2740:"Stanley Hollingsworth – opera composer"
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
698:
542:, both operas directed by the composer.
402:
5037:Italian LGBT dramatists and playwrights
4992:Italian male dramatists and playwrights
3590:
3316:Duet with the Past: A Composer's Memoir
3285:(Milestones section), February 19, 2007
3134:
2898:
2896:
2840:. Vol. 57, no. 7. p. 12.
2636:
2634:
2632:
2610:
2356:(1st ed.). Macmillan. p. 12.
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2244:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.18410
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2061:
1776:Fantasia for Cello and Orchestra (1975)
302:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore
4982:Italian emigrants to the United States
4884:
3613:"Raymond W. Brock Memorial Commission"
3503:
3159:from the original on January 12, 2022.
3094:
2877:(obituary). London. February 2, 2007.
2861:
2859:
2707:
2576:
2321:Gian Carlo Menotti: A Bio-bibliography
1743:Ricercare and Toccata on a Theme from
266:in 1958 and its American counterpart,
4659:
4443:
3991:
3749:
3656:
3605:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3120:David Patrick Stearns (May 4, 2017).
3080:. Chicago: glbtq, Inc. Archived from
3071:
2881:from the original on January 12, 2022
2850:
2800:
2613:Joseph Glasco: The Fifteenth American
2344:
2083:and Other Popular Operas, Dies at 95"
1773:Suite for Two Cellos and Piano (1973)
1309:Musical style and critical assessment
1264:American Choral Directors Association
1170:Melbourne International Arts Festival
165:
4907:20th-century American male musicians
3716:Art of the States: Giancarlo Menotti
3477:
3260:
2893:
2629:
2490:
2260:
2138:
1125:. On August 4 of that same year the
1027:, and the work was performed at the
730:New York Drama Critics' Circle Award
538:in April 1948 in a double bill with
407:Gian Carlo Menotti, photographed by
5062:People associated with East Lothian
2961:
2856:
1759:The Death of the Bishop of Brindisi
972:for the opening of the 17th annual
941:The Death of the Bishop of Brindisi
806:in 1956 and was then staged by the
792:in 1957. This work was followed by
331:Early life and education: 1911–1933
292:, written in 1963, and the cantata
290:The Death of the Bishop of Brindisi
13:
5067:People from the Province of Varese
3723:by Bruce Duffie (1981, 1993, 1995)
3650:
3212:
3109:(2nd ed.). London: Macmillan.
1889:Vocal scores of his compositions:
1236:(1986), he utilized a traditional
619:, as a prelude to performances of
270:, in 1977. In 1986 he commenced a
14:
5103:
5087:20th-century American LGBT people
5082:20th-century Italian male writers
4927:American male classical composers
3686:
3570:
2977:on TV Is Not His Best – The Cast"
2079:"Gian Carlo Menotti, Composer of
1828:, for chorus and orchestra (1987)
1530:The Telephone, or L'Amour à trois
974:Bath International Music Festival
625:United States Department of State
616:The Telephone, or L'Amour à trois
601:, this fourth opera premiered at
5092:20th-century Italian LGBT people
5072:Pulitzer Prize for Music winners
4987:Italian male classical composers
4962:Curtis Institute of Music alumni
4912:20th-century classical composers
4794:
4568:
3537:"Gian Carlo Menotti (1911–2007)"
3522:Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group
3378:. September 17, 1994. p. 20
3072:Smith, Patricia Juliana (2002).
2409:Nadia Boulanger: A Life in Music
1995:
1981:
1967:
1953:
1228:, was given its première by the
1049:, an 18th-century estate in the
662:, and wrote two screenplays for
262:(Festival of the Two Worlds) in
182:, Menotti further developed the
131:
4902:20th-century American composers
3631:
3564:
3528:
3471:
3433:
3414:
3390:
3358:
3344:Herman Trotter (May 17, 1990).
3337:
3306:
3288:
3274:
3243:
3187:
3163:
3113:
3088:
3034:
3010:
2989:
2929:
2823:
2794:
2752:
2732:
2701:
2684:
2604:
2551:
2547:. February 8, 1942. p. W4.
2534:
2514:
2458:
2449:
1884:
1879:Teatro Nuovo Gian Carlo Menotti
1810:, cantata for St. Teresa (1982)
1321:tradition of opera in the post-
1317:, and he further developed the
1135:Saratoga Performing Arts Center
1017:. In 1969 the children's opera
186:tradition of opera in the post-
4917:20th-century Italian composers
3457:Blake Stevens (May 25, 2011).
3076:. In Claude J. Summers (ed.).
2810:Milken Archive of Jewish Music
2426:
2399:
2374:
2338:
2324:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
2042:"Obituary: Gian Carlo Menotti"
2030:
1859:In 1984 Menotti was awarded a
1798:(1979) mass with inserted text
1708:
849:, the production moved to the
747:for NBC which was inspired by
460:in New York City with soprano
1:
3478:Page, Tim (August 19, 1986).
3423:by Richard Whitehouse. About
2018:
1113:Opera Company of Philadelphia
964:(1964) under commissioned by
597:in 1946. Commissioned by the
468:staged the work in 1938 with
167:[ˈdʒaŋˈkarlomeˈnɔtti]
4932:American classical composers
4736:The Saint of Bleecker Street
3851:The Saint of Bleecker Street
3843:Amahl and the Night Visitors
3425:Amahl and the Night Visitors
3074:"Barber, Samuel (1910–1981)"
1870:In 1997, he was awarded the
1770:Triple Concerto a tre (1969)
1554:The Saint of Bleecker Street
1546:Amahl and the Night Visitors
1399:The Saint of Bleecker Street
1395:Amahl and the Night Visitors
1272:Amahl and the Night Visitors
1248:conducted by Daniel Lipton.
1200:(1982), and his final opera
1133:("Halcyon Symphony") at the
1081:The Saint of Bleecker Street
923:Amahl and the Night Visitors
776:The Saint of Bleecker Street
767:Amahl and the Night Visitors
745:Amahl and the Night Visitors
712:Amahl and the Night Visitors
235:The Saint of Bleecker Street
215:Amahl and the Night Visitors
7:
4977:Italian classical composers
4756:Meditations on Ecclesiastes
3899:Help, Help, the Globolinks!
3535:Sutherland, Andrew (2020).
2806:"George Rochberg 1918–2005"
2762:(2002). "Kastle, Leonard".
1946:
1822:Double-Bass Concerto (1983)
1804:, AATBBB, a cappella (1981)
1787:Landscapes and Remembrances
1594:Help, Help, the Globolinks!
1360:Help, Help, the Globolinks!
1100:Declaration of Independence
1020:Help, Help, the Globolinks!
892:Introductions and Good-byes
784:staged at La Scala and the
660:Martha Graham Dance Company
627:with musical forces led by
294:Landscapes and Remembrances
10:
5108:
4942:American opera librettists
3803:The Old Maid and the Thief
3697:Internet Broadway Database
3398:"Menotti Joins Rome Opera"
2996:Gene Baro (June 5, 1964).
2830:Thomas Fraschillo (2002).
2600:. Oxford University Press.
2596:Barbara B. Heyman (1992).
2406:Léonie Rosenstiel (1998).
1928:. G. Schirmer Inc., 1986.
1914:. G. Schirmer Inc., 1986.
1912:The Telephone: Vocal Score
1819:for voice and piano (1983)
1767:for voice and piano (1961)
1745:The Old Maid and the Thief
1502:The Old Maid and the Thief
1379:The Old Maid and the Thief
1150:Charleston, South Carolina
1011:Théâtre National Populaire
991:was given its premiere at
839:1958 Brussels World's Fair
524:Philadelphia Opera Company
511:The Old Maid and the Thief
393:West Chester, Pennsylvania
298:United States Bicentennial
272:Melbourne Spoleto Festival
5077:Pupils of Rosario Scalero
5047:Milan Conservatory alumni
5017:LGBTQ classical composers
5002:Italian opera librettists
4803:
4792:
4694:
4577:
4566:
4478:
4394:
4358:
4322:
4286:
4246:
4206:
4170:
4134:
4098:
4062:
4026:
3949:
3931:The Boy Who Grew Too Fast
3784:
3659:"A Tale of Two Composers"
3209:(London) February 3, 2007
3199:February 5, 2007, at the
3127:The Philadelphia Inquirer
2611:Raeburn, Michael (2015).
2474:... Metropolitan Version"
2443:Curtis Institute of Music
1942:. G. Schirmer Inc., 1990.
1854:
1668:The Boy Who Grew Too Fast
1573:, television opera (1963)
1549:, television opera (1951)
1329:and the aesthetic of the
1230:Washington National Opera
1198:The Boy who Grew too Fast
1087:premiered in 1973 at the
947:of 1212 premiered at the
779:, which premiered at the
709:which inspired Menotti's
649:1952 Cannes Film Festival
589:Piano Concerto in A Minor
377:Curtis Institute of Music
317:Teatro dell'Opera di Roma
313:Curtis Institute of Music
194:and the aesthetic of the
113:
105:
82:
64:
42:
30:
23:
4972:Italian ballet composers
4937:American opera composers
4687:Pulitzer Prize for Music
4471:Pulitzer Prize for Music
2903:Elise Kuhl Kirk (2001).
2558:Martin L. Sokol (1981).
2318:Donald L. Hixon (2000).
1867:"Musician of the Year".
1832:For the Death of Orpheus
1643:, on commission for the
1467:List of Menotti's operas
1287:For the Death of Orpheus
1258:. In honour of the 1995
1144:In 1977 Menotti founded
726:Pulitzer Prize for Music
695:Middle career: 1950–1969
637:a motion picture in 1951
581:New Milford, Connecticut
476:, Italy that same year.
5032:Italian LGBTQ composers
5022:American LGBT composers
5007:Kennedy Center honorees
4997:Italian opera composers
4967:Donaldson Award winners
4519:The Canticle of the Sun
4019:Kennedy Center Honorees
3795:Amelia Goes to the Ball
3321:McFarland & Company
2973:"Music: Menotti Opera;
2832:"In Lyrical Wind Music"
2770:Oxford University Press
2472:Amelia Goes to the Ball
2435:Amelia Goes to The Ball
2236:Oxford University Press
1926:The Medium: Vocal Score
1490:Amelia Goes to the Ball
1375:Amelia Goes to the Ball
1350:ironically in Act 2 of
1279:Princess Grace Hospital
1208:commissioned the opera
1035:Later career: 1970–2007
949:Cincinnati May Festival
788:, and was recorded for
611:Ethel Barrymore Theatre
564:Menotti's third opera,
540:Amelia Goes to the Ball
498:Amelia Goes to the Ball
442:Amelia Goes to the Ball
418:Amelia Goes to the Ball
399:Early career: 1933–1949
256:(1963). He founded the
241:Amelia Goes to the Ball
4957:Composers for carillon
3962:Festival dei Due Mondi
3907:The Most Important Man
3421:"About This Recording"
3173:(September 16, 1979).
2939:(1985). "Chronology".
1975:Classical music portal
1765:Canti della lontananza
1740:Violin Concerto (1952)
1632:The Trial of the Gypsy
1602:The Most Important Man
1464:
1344:
1331:Second Viennese School
1186:The Trial of the Gypsy
1127:Philadelphia Orchestra
1067:The Most Important Man
989:Canti della lontananza
906:A Copy of Madame Aupic
874:Festival of Two Worlds
872:Menotti's founded the
715:
645:Anna Maria Alberghetti
577:A Copy of Madame Aupic
520:NBC Symphony Orchestra
412:
259:Festival dei Due Mondi
196:Second Viennese School
5057:Peabody Award winners
3464:Charleston City Paper
3046:"Opera: 2 by Menotti"
3044:(December 23, 1969).
2941:The Stages of Menotti
1838:Oh llama de amor viva
1808:Muero porque no muero
1796:Missa 'O Pulchritudo'
1724:Piano Concerto (1945)
1459:
1356:electronic tape music
1340:
1055:Francis "Chip" Phelan
997:Elisabeth Schwarzkopf
754:Adoration of the Magi
706:Adoration of the Magi
702:
677:Stanley Hollingsworth
547:Mount Kisco, New York
528:New York Philharmonic
458:New Amsterdam Theatre
456:in Baltimore and the
448:in Philadelphia with
406:
5042:Male opera composers
4786:String Quartet No. 2
4777:Piano Concerto No. 1
4726:Concerto Concertante
4714:Symphony Concertante
3972:Spoleto Festival USA
3657:Gioia, Dana (2024).
3597:"Gian Carlo Menotti"
3573:"Gian Carlo Menotti"
3571:Hapka, Christopher.
3313:Daron Hagen (2019).
2868:"Gian Carlo Menotti"
2760:Katherine K. Preston
2672:. Festival de Cannes
2530:. February 12, 1941.
2386:Wise Music Classical
2352:Menotti: A Biography
2124:(February 3, 2007).
2076:(February 2, 2007).
2040:(February 4, 2007).
1861:Kennedy Center Honor
1728:Errand into the Maze
1477:The Death of Pierrot
1246:1988 Summer Olympics
1146:Spoleto Festival USA
1042:Antony and Cleopatra
897:Antony and Cleopatra
808:New York City Ballet
647:and competed in the
599:Alice M. Ditson Fund
354:The Death of Pierrot
268:Spoleto Festival USA
4704:Giants in the Earth
4345:Alexander Schneider
3737:Julian Lloyd Webber
3675:. McFarland, 1999.
3442:, italyheritage.com
3410:. October 29, 1992.
3253:The Washington Post
3155:. August 12, 2008.
3152:The Daily Telegraph
3042:Harold C. Schonberg
2969:Harold C. Schonberg
2874:The Daily Telegraph
2837:The Instrumentalist
2748:. November 4, 2003.
2445:. 1936. p. 82.
1303:Missa O Pulchritudo
1291:Two Spanish Visions
1156:and choreographers
1137:under the baton of
1025:Hamburg State Opera
1001:William Shakespeare
851:Martin Beck Theatre
812:Nicholas Magallanes
804:Library of Congress
703:Hieronymus Bosch's
664:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
635:was also made into
603:Columbia University
536:New York City Opera
337:Cadegliano-Viconago
57:Cadegliano-Viconago
4731:Gian Carlo Menotti
4554:Gian Carlo Menotti
4508:Appalachian Spring
4376:Alexandra Danilova
4188:Gian Carlo Menotti
3777:Gian Carlo Menotti
3707:Gian Carlo Menotti
3693:Gian Carlo Menotti
3601:The Kennedy Center
3489:The New York Times
3403:The New York Times
3371:The New York Times
3303:, February 3, 2007
3271:, February 1, 2007
3256:. pp. 135–H1.
3236:The New York Times
3180:The New York Times
3084:on April 11, 2005.
3051:The New York Times
3027:The New York Times
3003:The New York Times
2982:The New York Times
2765:Grove Music Online
2745:San Francisco Gate
2718:The New York Times
2711:(March 29, 2011).
2694:The New York Times
2527:The New York Times
2507:The New York Times
2500:(April 23, 1939).
2468:(March 15, 1938).
2441:. Vol. 6–11.
2231:Grove Music Online
2089:The New York Times
1865:Musical America's'
1660:A Bride from Pluto
1483:The Little Mermaid
1194:A Bride from Pluto
1108:Milwaukee Symphony
1089:Studebaker Theatre
1015:Michael Cacoyannis
945:Children's Crusade
843:Peter Herman Adler
841:. Commissioned by
716:
656:Errand in the Maze
466:Metropolitan Opera
413:
362:The Little Mermaid
358:Milan Conservatory
325:Vienna State Opera
127:Gian Carlo Menotti
25:Gian Carlo Menotti
4879:
4878:
4751:Norman Dello Joio
4653:
4652:
4437:
4436:
4371:Claudette Colbert
4034:Leonard Bernstein
3985:
3984:
3664:The Hudson Review
3541:Children in Opera
2971:(March 4, 1963).
2787:978-1-56159-263-0
2642:Winthrop Sargeant
2253:978-1-56159-263-0
2038:John Francis Lane
1700:The Singing Child
1683:in the title role
1403:Winthrop Sargeant
1315:Modest Mussorgsky
1260:Nobel Peace Prize
1202:The Singing Child
1123:Watergate scandal
1023:premiered at the
970:Bristol Cathedral
951:to good reviews.
931:premiered at the
837:premiered at the
821:While working on
763:Rosemary Kuhlmann
506:NBC Radio Network
454:Lyric Opera House
321:Salzburg Festival
180:Modest Mussorgsky
124:
123:
106:Years active
5099:
4947:Ballet composers
4798:
4773:John La Montaine
4680:
4673:
4666:
4657:
4656:
4572:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4441:
4440:
4350:Roger L. Stevens
4214:Merce Cunningham
4142:Katherine Dunham
4012:
4005:
3998:
3989:
3988:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3729:
3703:
3668:
3644:
3643:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3619:on March 8, 2016
3615:. Archived from
3609:
3603:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3510:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3454:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3408:Associated Press
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3351:The Buffalo News
3341:
3335:
3334:
3310:
3304:
3292:
3286:
3278:
3272:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3223:
3210:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3148:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3069:
3056:
3055:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3020:(May 31, 1965).
3014:
3008:
3007:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2910:
2900:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2870:
2863:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2768:(8th ed.).
2756:
2750:
2749:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2638:
2627:
2626:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2593:
2574:
2573:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2484:Internet Archive
2466:Leonard Liebling
2462:
2456:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2368:Internet Archive
2355:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2315:
2258:
2257:
2234:(8th ed.).
2225:
2136:
2135:
2118:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2085:
2070:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2034:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1961:Biography portal
1958:
1957:
1956:
1898:G. Schirmer Inc.
1872:Brock Commission
1779:Symphony No. 1,
1733:Symphonic poem,
1640:Chip and his Dog
1368:parallel harmony
1190:Chip and his Dog
1104:Bel Canto Chorus
1051:Lammermuir Hills
1006:Romeo and Juliet
954:Menotti wrote a
883:A Hand of Bridge
786:Vienna Volksoper
781:Broadway Theatre
749:Hieronymus Bosch
629:Thomas Schippers
587:(1944), and the
446:Academy of Music
409:Carl Van Vechten
381:Arturo Toscanini
222:, including two
169:
164:
160:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
71:
68:February 1, 2007
52:
50:
35:
21:
20:
5107:
5106:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5096:
5052:Opera directors
4882:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4799:
4790:
4690:
4684:
4654:
4649:
4573:
4564:
4548:Louisiana Story
4483:William Schuman
4474:
4468:
4438:
4433:
4390:
4386:William Schuman
4366:Harry Belafonte
4354:
4318:
4309:Nathan Milstein
4304:Sammy Davis Jr.
4282:
4242:
4233:Frederick Loewe
4229:Alan Jay Lerner
4202:
4166:
4130:
4094:
4058:
4022:
4016:
3986:
3981:
3967:Francis Menotti
3945:
3883:The Last Savage
3780:
3774:
3727:
3689:
3671:Wlaschin, Ken,
3653:
3651:Further reading
3648:
3647:
3641:
3638:Theatre profile
3636:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3595:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3533:
3529:
3511:
3504:
3494:
3492:
3476:
3472:
3455:
3446:
3438:
3434:
3419:
3415:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3381:
3379:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3342:
3338:
3331:
3311:
3307:
3295:Bernard Holland
3293:
3289:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3261:
3248:
3244:
3229:(May 9, 1976).
3227:Shirley Fleming
3224:
3213:
3206:The Independent
3201:Wayback Machine
3192:
3188:
3168:
3164:
3143:
3142:
3135:
3118:
3114:
3093:
3089:
3070:
3059:
3039:
3035:
3015:
3011:
2994:
2990:
2966:
2962:
2955:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2901:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2757:
2753:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2709:Woolfe, Zachary
2706:
2702:
2697:. p. NJ14.
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2644:(May 1, 1950).
2639:
2630:
2623:
2609:
2605:
2594:
2577:
2570:
2556:
2552:
2544:Chicago Tribune
2540:
2539:
2535:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2495:
2491:
2479:Musical Courier
2463:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2364:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2316:
2261:
2254:
2226:
2139:
2131:The Independent
2122:Peter Dickinson
2119:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2074:Bernard Holland
2071:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1887:
1857:
1852:
1730:, ballet (1947)
1721:, ballet (1944)
1711:
1706:
1693:Giorno di Nozze
1688:The Wedding Day
1681:Plácido Domingo
1578:The Last Savage
1495:Amelia al ballo
1469:
1455:Peter Dickinson
1450:The Independent
1445:neo-romanticism
1420:Musical America
1352:The Last Savage
1325:era. Rejecting
1311:
1242:The Wedding Day
1226:Plácido Domingo
1206:San Diego Opera
1154:Shirley Verrett
1037:
943:concerning the
928:The Last Savage
863:William Chapman
816:Arthur Mitchell
800:madrigal comedy
697:
689:Luigi Zaninelli
685:George Rochberg
518:conducting the
496:The success of
478:Amelia al ballo
431:Nadia Boulanger
423:Amelia al Ballo
401:
385:Rosario Scalero
333:
253:The Last Savage
226:winning works,
211:Christmas opera
190:era. Rejecting
176:Giacomo Puccini
162:
134:
130:
101:
78:
73:
69:
60:
54:
48:
46:
38:
37:Menotti in 2000
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5105:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4782:Elliott Carter
4779:
4770:
4759:
4748:
4746:Symphony No. 3
4739:
4728:
4719:
4716:
4707:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4683:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4660:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4551:
4543:Virgil Thomson
4540:
4538:Symphony No. 3
4531:
4529:Symphony No. 3
4522:
4511:
4500:
4498:Symphony No. 4
4491:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4467:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4444:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4314:Alwin Nikolais
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4273:Yehudi Menuhin
4270:
4261:
4256:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4162:Virgil Thomson
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4126:Eugene Ormandy
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4085:Jerome Robbins
4082:
4077:
4072:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4054:Leontyne Price
4051:
4046:
4044:Agnes de Mille
4041:
4036:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4015:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3992:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3935:
3927:
3919:
3911:
3903:
3895:
3887:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3847:
3839:
3831:
3823:
3815:
3811:The Island God
3807:
3799:
3790:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3773:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3724:
3718:
3713:
3704:
3688:
3687:External links
3685:
3684:
3683:
3669:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3630:
3604:
3589:
3563:
3550:978-1527563322
3549:
3527:
3518:Opera As Drama
3502:
3470:
3444:
3432:
3427:, Naxos (2008)
3413:
3389:
3357:
3336:
3329:
3323:. p. 94.
3305:
3287:
3273:
3259:
3242:
3211:
3203:, (obituary),
3186:
3162:
3133:
3112:
3087:
3057:
3033:
3009:
2988:
2960:
2953:
2928:
2921:
2907:American Opera
2892:
2855:
2853:, p. 101.
2843:
2822:
2802:Levin, Neil W.
2793:
2786:
2751:
2731:
2700:
2683:
2657:
2646:"Opera Wizard"
2628:
2621:
2603:
2575:
2568:
2550:
2533:
2513:
2489:
2457:
2448:
2425:
2418:
2398:
2373:
2362:
2337:
2330:
2259:
2252:
2137:
2102:
2060:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2007:
2006:
1992:
1978:
1964:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1923:
1909:
1886:
1883:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1847:Jacob's Prayer
1844:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1696:
1684:
1672:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1636:
1628:
1620:
1614:
1606:
1598:
1590:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1550:
1542:
1534:
1526:
1518:
1514:The Island God
1510:
1498:
1486:
1480:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1429:Opera as Drama
1414:The New Yorker
1310:
1307:
1238:giovane scuola
1224:, written for
1139:Eugene Ormandy
1131:Symphony No. 1
1072:Lincoln Center
1036:
1033:
1029:Santa Fe Opera
1013:with director
993:Hunter College
790:BBC Television
734:Patricia Neway
696:
693:
681:Leonard Kastle
567:The Island God
470:Muriel Dickson
400:
397:
332:
329:
247:The Island God
224:Pulitzer Prize
122:
121:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
86:
84:
80:
79:
74:
72:(aged 95)
66:
62:
61:
55:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5104:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4832:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4815:
4811:
4809:
4808:Complete list
4806:
4805:
4802:
4797:
4787:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4763:
4762:Samuel Barber
4760:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4722:Quincy Porter
4720:
4717:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4699:Douglas Moore
4697:
4696:
4693:
4688:
4681:
4676:
4674:
4669:
4667:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4583:
4582:Complete list
4580:
4579:
4576:
4571:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4534:Walter Piston
4532:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4503:Aaron Copland
4501:
4499:
4495:
4494:Howard Hanson
4492:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4472:
4465:
4460:
4458:
4453:
4451:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4399:Complete list
4397:
4396:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4268:Jessica Tandy
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4239:
4238:Beverly Sills
4236:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4193:Arthur Miller
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4157:James Stewart
4155:
4153:
4152:Frank Sinatra
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4116:Benny Goodman
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4106:George Abbott
4104:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4090:Rudolf Serkin
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4049:Lynn Fontanne
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4020:
4013:
4008:
4006:
4001:
3999:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3957:Samuel Barber
3955:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3867:Maria Golovin
3864:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3827:The Telephone
3824:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3779:(1911 – 2007)
3778:
3771:
3766:
3764:
3759:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3682:
3681:0-7864-0608-9
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3654:
3639:
3634:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3578:
3574:
3567:
3552:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3531:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3514:Joseph Kerman
3509:
3507:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3483:
3474:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3340:
3332:
3330:9781476677378
3326:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3309:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3270:
3269:
3263:
3255:
3254:
3246:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3190:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3147:
3140:
3138:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3116:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3097:Stanley Sadie
3091:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3019:
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2954:9780385149389
2950:
2947:. Doubleday.
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2922:0-252-02623-3
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2562:. MacMillan.
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2013:
2009:
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1965:
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1951:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1934:0-7935-1546-7
1931:
1927:
1924:
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1920:0-7935-5370-9
1917:
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1906:0-88188-965-2
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1559:
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1447:. Writing in
1446:
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1434:
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1426:
1425:Joseph Kerman
1422:
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1416:
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1410:
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1396:
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1387:The Telephone
1384:
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1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1348:12-tone music
1343:
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1306:
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1296:
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1266:commissioned
1265:
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1256:
1249:
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1223:
1222:
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1216:Beverly Sills
1213:
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1199:
1195:
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981:
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978:Kirk Browning
975:
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963:
962:
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956:chamber opera
952:
950:
946:
942:
939:
934:
933:Opéra-Comique
930:
929:
924:
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919:
913:
911:
907:
903:
902:Albert Husson
899:
898:
893:
889:
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875:
870:
868:
867:Richard Cross
864:
860:
859:Norman Kelley
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
835:
834:Maria Golovin
830:
829:
824:
819:
817:
813:
810:with dancers
809:
805:
801:
797:
796:
791:
787:
782:
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771:
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764:
761:as Amahl and
760:
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569:
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559:Joseph Glasco
556:
555:William Goyen
552:
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541:
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516:Alberto Erede
513:
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462:Florence Kirk
459:
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450:Margaret Daum
447:
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427:Lake Wolfgang
424:
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389:Samuel Barber
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4525:Charles Ives
4517:
4506:
4486:
4335:George Burns
4278:Antony Tudor
4254:Lucille Ball
4187:
4111:Lillian Gish
4039:James Cagney
3977:Yester House
3937:
3929:
3921:
3913:
3905:
3897:
3891:Martin's Lie
3889:
3881:
3873:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3776:
3741:Jiaxin Cheng
3672:
3662:
3642:(in Italian)
3633:
3621:. Retrieved
3617:the original
3607:
3592:
3580:. Retrieved
3576:
3566:
3556:November 15,
3554:. Retrieved
3540:
3530:
3517:
3493:. Retrieved
3487:
3481:
3473:
3462:
3435:
3424:
3416:
3401:
3392:
3380:. Retrieved
3369:
3360:
3349:
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3308:
3298:
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3251:
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3204:
3189:
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3115:
3104:
3101:John Tyrrell
3090:
3082:the original
3077:
3049:
3036:
3025:
3018:Howard Klein
3012:
3001:
2991:
2980:
2974:
2963:
2940:
2931:
2906:
2883:. Retrieved
2872:
2846:
2835:
2825:
2813:. Retrieved
2796:
2763:
2754:
2743:
2734:
2722:. Retrieved
2716:
2703:
2692:
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2667:
2660:
2649:
2612:
2606:
2597:
2559:
2553:
2542:
2536:
2525:
2516:
2505:
2492:
2477:
2471:
2460:
2451:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2408:
2401:
2391:February 15,
2389:. Retrieved
2376:
2366:– via
2351:
2340:
2320:
2229:
2129:
2095:February 15,
2093:. Retrieved
2087:
2080:
2053:February 15,
2051:. Retrieved
2047:The Guardian
2045:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2003:LGBTQ portal
1989:Opera portal
1939:
1925:
1911:
1893:
1888:
1885:Publications
1878:
1876:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1846:
1837:
1831:
1826:My Christmas
1825:
1816:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1786:
1780:
1764:
1758:
1750:
1744:
1734:
1727:
1718:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1674:
1666:
1658:
1650:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1586:Martin's Lie
1584:
1576:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1528:
1520:
1512:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1485:(1923, lost)
1482:
1476:
1470:
1460:
1448:
1441:
1428:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1398:
1397:(1951), and
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1345:
1341:
1323:World War II
1312:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1253:
1250:
1241:
1233:
1219:
1209:
1204:(1993). The
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1143:
1130:
1116:
1097:
1084:
1083:. His opera
1080:
1076:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1047:Yester House
1041:
1038:
1018:
1004:
988:
982:
961:Martin's Lie
959:
953:
940:
926:
922:
916:
914:
905:
895:
891:
881:
871:
832:
826:
822:
820:
793:
774:
772:
766:
752:
751:'s painting
744:
742:
738:Maria Callas
719:
717:
710:
704:
669:Olga Gorelli
655:
653:
641:Marie Powers
632:
620:
614:
592:
588:
584:
576:
565:
563:
544:
539:
509:
497:
495:
487:Wolf-Ferrari
477:
441:
439:
434:
422:
416:
414:
370:
361:
353:
350:
334:
310:
305:
293:
289:
276:
257:
251:
250:(1942), and
245:
239:
233:
227:
213:
204:
188:World War II
126:
125:
70:(2007-02-01)
53:July 7, 1911
18:
4897:2007 deaths
4892:1911 births
4689:(1951–1960)
4514:Leo Sowerby
4488:A Free Song
4473:(1943–1950)
4381:Mary Martin
4330:Alvin Ailey
4299:Bette Davis
4264:Hume Cronyn
4259:Ray Charles
4219:Irene Dunne
4198:Isaac Stern
4080:Helen Hayes
4070:Count Basie
3171:John Ardoin
2945:John Ardoin
2676:January 18,
2498:Olin Downes
2346:Gruen, John
1709:Other works
1507:radio opera
1162:Twyla Tharp
1158:Paul Taylor
995:by soprano
855:Ruth Kobart
572:metaphysics
532:Fritz Busch
502:radio opera
304:, entitled
232:(1950) and
120:(1928–1970)
83:Occupations
4886:Categories
4742:Ernst Toch
4718:n.a. ('53)
4710:Gail Kubik
4559:The Consul
4294:Perry Como
4183:Danny Kaye
4178:Lena Horne
4147:Elia Kazan
4121:Gene Kelly
4075:Cary Grant
3835:The Consul
3819:The Medium
3482:New Yorker
2937:Joel Honig
2851:Gruen 1978
2668:The Medium
2019:References
1817:Five Songs
1735:Apocalypse
1538:The Consul
1522:The Medium
1391:The Consul
1383:The Medium
1364:The Consul
1174:Rome Opera
1077:The Consul
986:song cycle
910:Joel Honig
888:Lukas Foss
759:Chet Allen
721:The Consul
633:The Medium
621:The Medium
594:The Medium
229:The Consul
172:librettist
98:playwright
92:librettist
49:1911-07-07
4870:Citations
4863:2011–2020
4856:2001–2010
4849:1991–2000
4842:1981–1990
4835:1971–1980
4828:1961–1970
4821:1951–1960
4814:1943–1950
4644:Citations
4637:2011–2020
4630:2001–2010
4623:1991–2000
4616:1981–1990
4609:1971–1980
4602:1961–1970
4595:1951–1960
4588:1943–1950
4340:Myrna Loy
3875:Labyrinth
3623:March 27,
2975:Labyrinth
2885:March 28,
2724:March 29,
2439:Overtones
1719:Sebastian
1610:Tamu-Tamu
1570:Labyrinth
1471:Sources:
1327:atonality
1255:Lohengrin
1166:Melbourne
1085:Tamu-Tamu
1062:The Leper
918:Labyrinth
847:NBC Opera
818:in 1957.
673:Lee Hoiby
639:starring
585:Sebastian
192:atonality
109:1933–1995
4224:Bob Hope
3915:The Hero
3582:March 9,
3577:US Opera
3516:(1988).
3495:June 15,
3429:8.669019
3382:July 14,
3197:Archived
3157:Archived
3103:(eds.).
2879:Archived
2815:July 19,
2804:(2019).
2348:(1978).
1947:See also
1900:, 1986.
1695:) (1988)
1624:The Hero
1497:) (1937)
1393:(1950),
1389:(1947),
1385:(1946),
1381:(1939),
1377:(1937),
1335:lyricism
1196:(1982),
1192:(1979),
1188:(1978),
1184:(1976),
1118:The Hero
900:(1966).
845:and the
728:and the
658:for the
607:Broadway
504:for the
491:Giordano
373:Colombia
366:La Scala
335:Born in
323:and the
283:symphony
244:(1937),
220:Broadway
200:lyricism
163:Italian:
95:director
89:Composer
4784:('60):
4775:('59):
4767:Vanessa
4764:('58):
4753:('57):
4744:('56):
4733:('55):
4724:('54):
4712:('52):
4701:('51):
4556:('50):
4545:('49):
4536:('48):
4527:('47):
4516:('46):
4505:('45):
4496:('44):
4485:('43):
4021:(1980s)
3950:Related
3923:La Loca
3733:YouTube
3728:Extract
3695:at the
3376:Reuters
3300:The Age
1781:Halcyon
1652:La Loca
1617:The Egg
1457:wrote:
1437:Puccini
1433:Strauss
1319:verismo
1232:. With
1211:La Loca
1182:The Egg
1009:at the
938:cantata
878:Spoleto
828:Vanessa
609:at the
483:Puccini
474:Sanremo
444:at the
411:in 1944
343:, near
287:cantata
264:Spoleto
184:verismo
114:Partner
59:, Italy
4266:&
4231:&
3942:(1986)
3934:(1982)
3926:(1979)
3918:(1976)
3910:(1971)
3902:(1968)
3894:(1964)
3886:(1963)
3878:(1963)
3870:(1958)
3862:(1956)
3854:(1954)
3846:(1951)
3838:(1950)
3830:(1947)
3822:(1946)
3814:(1942)
3806:(1939)
3798:(1937)
3786:Operas
3679:
3547:
3327:
2951:
2919:
2784:
2619:
2566:
2416:
2360:
2328:
2250:
1932:
1918:
1904:
1855:Honors
1849:(1997)
1840:(1991)
1789:(1977)
1783:(1976)
1761:(1963)
1747:(1953)
1737:(1951)
1703:(1993)
1671:(1982)
1663:(1982)
1655:(1979)
1647:(1979)
1635:(1978)
1627:(1976)
1619:(1976)
1613:(1973)
1605:(1971)
1597:(1968)
1589:(1964)
1581:(1963)
1565:(1958)
1557:(1954)
1541:(1950)
1533:(1947)
1525:(1946)
1517:(1942)
1509:(1939)
1479:(1922)
1283:Monaco
1268:Gloria
1262:, the
865:, and
687:, and
489:, and
435:Amelia
207:Wagner
76:Monaco
4429:2020s
4424:2010s
4419:2000s
4414:1990s
4409:1980s
4404:1970s
2943:. By
2081:Amahl
2024:Notes
2010:See:
551:salon
341:Italy
205:Like
4359:1989
4323:1988
4287:1987
4247:1986
4207:1985
4171:1984
4135:1983
4099:1982
4063:1981
4027:1980
3939:Goya
3739:and
3711:IMDb
3677:ISBN
3625:2016
3584:2021
3558:2021
3545:ISBN
3497:2020
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