324:
151:
339:
22:
370:
293:
393:
304:
355:
199:
61:
reestablished control over the region. Altogether, more than two million people were killed in
Belarus during the three years of Nazi occupation, around a quarter of the region's population, or even as high as three million killed or thirty percent of the population, including 500,000 to 550,000 Jews
288:
deliberately provoked German reprisals, partly accounting for the high death toll, this conclusion has been disputed. A 2017 study focusing on the logistics of mass killing found "that Soviet partisan attacks against German personnel provoked reprisals against civilians but that attacks against
172:
movement emerged. Hiding in the woods and swamps, the partisans inflicted heavy damage to German supply lines and communications, disrupting railway tracks, bridges, telegraph wires, attacking supply depots, fuel dumps and transports, and ambushing Axis soldiers. In one of the most successful
141:
territory was occupied by the
Germans by the end of August 1941. With Poland regarding the Soviet annexation as illegal, the majority of Polish citizens did not ask for Soviet citizenship from 1939 to 1941, and as a result were Polish citizens under Soviet and later German occupation.
98:
on 17 September 1939. More than 100,000 people of different ethnic backgrounds, mostly Poles and Jews in West
Belarus, were imprisoned, executed or transported to the eastern USSR by Soviet authorities before the German invasion. The
1159:
1757:
2323:
289:
railroads had the opposite effect. Where partisans focused on disrupting German supply lines rather than killing
Germans, occupying forces conducted fewer reprisals, burned fewer houses, and killed fewer people."
587:
In total, Belarus lost a quarter of its pre-war population in the Second World War, including practically all its intellectual elite. About 9,200 villages and 1,200,000 houses were destroyed. The major towns of
1762:
1787:
1152:
1792:
1772:
240:
The German invasion and occupation resulted in heavy human casualties, with some 380,000 people deported for slave labour, and the mass murder of hundreds of thousands more civilians. The ethnically
1145:
248:. At least 5,295 Byelorussian settlements were destroyed by the Nazis and some or all their inhabitants killed (out of 9,200 settlements that were burned or otherwise destroyed in Belarus during
893:
1797:
1875:
1752:
1782:
66:. In total, on the territory of modern Belarus, more than 9,200 villages and settlements, and 682,000 buildings were destroyed and burned, with some settlements burned several times.
596:
lost over 80% of their buildings and city infrastructure. For the defense against the
Germans, and the tenacity during the German occupation, the capital Minsk was awarded the title
405:
972:(Fall 2016) 17#4 pp 805–835; examines popular behaviour in Byelorussia under the Germans, using oral history, letters of complaint, memoirs and secret police and party reports.
2283:
2102:
2007:
181:
were destroyed. To fight partisan activity, the
Germans had to withdraw considerable forces behind their front line. On 22 June 1944, the huge Soviet Strategic Offensive
410:
3034:
2602:
2298:
415:
220:
3160:
2133:
1710:
1571:
1561:
1526:
2787:
2812:
1865:
941:
420:
82:
in the 1941 borders as a whole. Polish historiography insists on special, even separate treatment for the East Lands of the Poland in the 1921 borders (alias "
2168:
1551:
2597:
2551:
1556:
1546:
3109:
1536:
1531:
538:
which did not evacuate east ahead of the German advance was killed during the
Holocaust by bullet. The list of eradicated Jewish ghettos in Nazi-Soviet
3089:
3054:
2242:
1521:
1400:
662:
387:
91:
50:
2446:
2385:
2037:
637:
120:
3119:
2925:
2895:
2878:
2920:
1909:
1410:
2853:
2718:
2380:
74:
The Soviet and
Belarusian historiographies study the subject of German occupation in the context of contemporary Belarus, regarded as the
2935:
323:
2582:
3165:
3145:
3114:
3094:
1131:
244:
Byelorussian population was intended to be exterminated, expelled, or enslaved as part of the German ethnic cleansing operation named
1932:
343:
163:
150:
3049:
2409:
1944:
1178:
543:
425:
338:
560:
Later in 1944, 30 German-trained
Belarusians were airdropped behind the Soviet front line to spark disarray. These were known as "
3140:
2904:
2173:
2153:
2077:
1777:
1894:
21:
3175:
2474:
2148:
2143:
2022:
1852:
133:
allies invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. Eastern
Belarus suffered particularly heavily during the fighting and German
75:
38:
1870:
216:
2792:
1899:
1889:
1767:
876:
807:
772:
3155:
2439:
2097:
1987:
1937:
829:
492:
2183:
369:
292:
2728:
2209:
2032:
1647:
3170:
3007:
2883:
2494:
1111:
1088:
1064:
1045:
1026:
959:
632:
1715:
1566:
3104:
3029:
2975:
2955:
2723:
2665:
2632:
2556:
2489:
2178:
1904:
1007:
555:
2370:
3150:
3061:
2797:
2745:
2735:
2087:
1201:
392:
2995:
1883:
1137:
509:
2750:
2432:
2092:
2062:
155:
2930:
1384:
721:
303:
3084:
3039:
2622:
2612:
2247:
2072:
2017:
1349:
988:
535:
354:
2772:
2757:
2680:
2650:
2627:
2469:
2128:
2123:
1744:
1632:
1443:
440:
1705:
3099:
2980:
2970:
2960:
2848:
2696:
2670:
2660:
2546:
2293:
2288:
2278:
2188:
1997:
1992:
1967:
1860:
621:
63:
2990:
2950:
2945:
2675:
2607:
2252:
2163:
1463:
452:
358:
3066:
3024:
3012:
2985:
2940:
2873:
2617:
2592:
2519:
2504:
2499:
2262:
2257:
1982:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1586:
1496:
435:
308:
46:
1102:
Defiance: The Bielski Partisans, The Story of the Largest Armed Resistance by Jews During World War II
688:
312:
3002:
2767:
2587:
2541:
2193:
1879:
211:
95:
307:
On the way to the railway station in Minsk young people from Belarus march past the chairman of the
3017:
2802:
2777:
2706:
2577:
1977:
1404:
1314:
1299:
598:
868:
647:
3044:
2965:
2915:
2910:
2900:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2843:
2833:
2534:
2514:
2455:
2082:
2027:
2002:
981:
Kalkulierte Morde: die deutsche Wirtschafts- und Vernichtungspolitik in Weißrußland 1941 bis 1944
789:
534:, created by the Germans shortly after the invasion began. Almost the whole, previously numerous
296:
104:
54:
2424:
2701:
2655:
2572:
2524:
1733:
1334:
950:
573:
2807:
2782:
2740:
2509:
2479:
1914:
1476:
1448:
1019:
The Politics of Illusion and Empire: German Occupation Policy in the Soviet Union, 1942-1943
2817:
2406:
2365:
2328:
2057:
1838:
1491:
1453:
1374:
1369:
1289:
521:
457:
30:
1471:
8:
2138:
1665:
1576:
1481:
1269:
1254:
1244:
698:
565:
472:
182:
134:
42:
34:
265:
2225:
1822:
1657:
1541:
1486:
1294:
1234:
921:
894:"External Resources and Indiscriminate Violence: Evidence from German-Occupied Belarus"
796:
GENOCIDE OF THE BELARUSIAN PEOPLE: INFORMATIONAL AND ANALYTICAL MATERIALS AND DOCUMENTS
477:
327:
1670:
2529:
2333:
1359:
1284:
1107:
1084:
1074:
1060:
1041:
1022:
1003:
984:
976:
955:
913:
872:
803:
768:
642:
577:
497:
467:
462:
279:
275:
271:
108:
1239:
925:
2484:
2401:
1279:
1249:
1167:
905:
864:
487:
285:
168:
In the early days of the occupation, a powerful and increasingly well-coordinated
2762:
2067:
1685:
1675:
1304:
1193:
762:
675:
657:
626:
542:
extending eastward toward the border with the Soviet Belarus can be found at the
539:
397:
331:
245:
169:
1972:
837:
2107:
2042:
1680:
1501:
693:
603:
527:
430:
1127:
909:
791:ГЕНОЦИД БЕЛОРУССКОГО НАРОДА: ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ И ДОКУМЕНТЫ
3134:
2158:
2047:
1364:
1354:
1324:
1309:
1264:
1100:
917:
652:
608:
568:. They had some initial success due to disorganization in the rear guard of
2890:
2012:
1379:
1224:
1169:
861:
Economic Aspects of Genocides, Other Mass Atrocities, and Their Preventions
668:
531:
482:
249:
126:
125:
After twenty months of Soviet rule in Western Belarus and Western Ukraine,
87:
79:
58:
737:"World War II -- 60 Years After: Legacy Still Casts Shadow Across Belarus"
561:
198:
2318:
1339:
1274:
1038:
The Kings and the Pawns: Collaboration in Byelorussia during World War II
736:
130:
2052:
173:
partisan sabotage actions of the entire Second World War, the so-called
2360:
1344:
1329:
1229:
1078:
174:
802:(in Russian and English). Минск: Издательство «Беларусь». p. 36.
2838:
2711:
1426:
1259:
1219:
1000:"Our Glorious Past": Lukashenka's Belarus and the Great Patriotic War
717:
185:
was launched, finally regaining all of Belarus by the end of August.
2375:
1319:
569:
951:
Marching into Darkness: The Wehrmacht and the Holocaust in Belarus
2454:
593:
584:
infiltrated these units and neutralized them by the end of 1946.
362:
178:
138:
406:
14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Galicia (1st Ukrainian)
177:
diversion of 30 July 1943, four German trains with supplies and
137:. Following bloody encirclement battles, all of the present-day
1807:
315:. They are going to be trained in Germany for military action,
253:
589:
374:
347:
316:
241:
388:
Foreign relations of the Axis of World War II § Belarus
581:
411:
29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS RONA (1st Russian)
100:
49:
in 1941, and in 1943, the German authorities allowed local
41:
until it was fully liberated in August 1944 as a result of
416:
30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Belarusian)
859:
Zhukov, Yuri M. (2016). "On the Logistics of Violence".
970:
Kritika: Explorations in Russian & Eurasian History
942:
Bibliography of the history of Belarus and Byelorussia
852:
421:
30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Russian)
105:
killed more than 1,000 prisoners in June and July 1941
45:. The western parts of Byelorussia became part of the
1057:
Stalin's Guerrillas: Soviet Partisans in World War II
968:
Exeler, Franziska. "What Did You Do during the War?"
821:
819:
1106:(4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
25:
Mogilev Jews assembled for forced labour, July 1941
1099:
760:
2793:Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, and British North Borneo
1656:
816:
663:Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union
3132:
3161:Military history of Belarus during World War II
638:Military history of Belarus during World War II
503:
121:Military history of Belarus during World War II
530:before the conclusion of World War II was the
16:Nazi occupation of Belarus during World War II
2456:History of World War II by region and country
2440:
1153:
863:. Oxford University Press. pp. 399–424.
2223:
1424:
1199:
1191:
1080:Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin
556:Consequences of German Nazism § Belarus
33:started on 22 June 1941 and led to a German
2447:
2433:
1160:
1146:
1132:European Holocaust Research Infrastructure
284:Although some historians have argued that
1059:. Lawrence, Kan.: Univ. Press of Kansas.
869:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199378296.003.0018
718:"The tragedy of Khatyn - Genocide policy"
572:. Other Belarusian units slipped through
446:
256:had their entire population annihilated.
164:Belarusian resistance during World War II
1016:
767:. Harvard University Press. p. 28.
754:
544:Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland
426:36th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS
391:
368:
353:
337:
322:
302:
291:
149:
20:
1054:
997:
983:(1st ed.). Hamburg: Hamburger Ed.
975:
954:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
734:
3133:
1815:
1640:
1436:
1212:
1073:
891:
885:
858:
761:Waitman Wade Beorn (January 6, 2014).
78:(BSSR), a constituent republic of the
76:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
2428:
1141:
947:
787:
373:Mass murder of Soviet civilians near
53:to set up a regional government, the
1035:
836:. SMC "Khatyn". 2005. Archived from
724:from the original on March 10, 2015.
192:
1097:
892:Zhukov, Yuri M. (January 1, 2017).
252:), and more than 600 villages like
158:captured near Minsk is marched west
31:German invasion of the Soviet Union
13:
1017:Mulligan, Timothy Patrick (1988).
935:
830:"Genocide policy. Punitive action"
633:Maly Trostenets extermination camp
549:
14:
3187:
3166:World War II occupied territories
3146:1944 disestablishments in Belarus
1595:Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe
1121:
2083:Serbia (Commissioner Government)
735:Donovan, Jeffrey (May 4, 2005).
629:: slaughter of Belarus civilians
197:
2063:Norway (Administrative Council)
602:after the war. The fortress of
259:
92:were incorporated into the BSSR
3141:1941 establishments in Belarus
781:
728:
710:
1:
2088:Serbia (Council of Ministers)
526:The largest Jewish ghetto in
441:Byelorussian Auxiliary Police
381:
188:
145:
69:
1861:Army Group Rear Area Command
1168:Administrative divisions in
1002:. Stuttgart: Ibidem-Verlag.
948:Beorn, Waitman Wade (2014).
622:Eastern Front (World War II)
536:Jewish population of Belarus
515:
504:Other units and participants
7:
3156:German military occupations
2243:Belgium and Northern France
1866:Belgium and Northern France
615:
453:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
359:Belarusian Auxiliary Police
328:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
210:to comply with Knowledge's
114:
10:
3192:
1745:Civil Administration Areas
1350:Southern Hanover–Brunswick
998:Marples, David R. (2014).
939:
553:
519:
436:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
385:
309:Belarusian Central Council
269:
263:
161:
118:
47:Reichskommissariat Ostland
3176:Belarus–Germany relations
3171:Jewish Belarusian history
3075:
2826:
2689:
2643:
2565:
2462:
2394:
2353:
2346:
2311:
2271:
2235:
2222:
2202:
2116:
1960:
1953:
1925:
1851:
1831:
1806:
1743:
1732:
1698:
1631:
1615:North Brabant and Limburg
1610:South Holland and Zeeland
1605:North Holland and Utrecht
1600:Gelderland and Overijssel
1585:
1514:
1462:
1423:
1393:
1190:
1177:
1083:. New York: Basic Books.
1055:Slepyan, Kenneth (2006).
910:10.1017/S0043887116000137
788:Шведа, А.И., ed. (2022).
682:
580:erupted in 1945. But the
1853:Military administrations
1385:Württemberg-Hohenzollern
704:
223:may contain suggestions.
208:may need to be rewritten
57:, that lasted until the
3151:Belarus in World War II
564:" ("Black Cat") led by
297:Belarusian Central Rada
103:(Soviet secret police)
55:Belarusian Central Rada
2224:
1954:Puppet administrations
1758:Carinthia and Carniola
1425:
1200:
1192:
1172:and German occupations
1040:. New York: Berghahn.
764:Marching into Darkness
606:was awarded the title
447:Notable Nazi personnel
401:
378:
366:
351:
335:
320:
300:
159:
26:
1405:Reichsfestung Belgrad
1098:Tec, Nechama (2009).
1036:Rein, Leonid (2013).
1021:. New York: Praeger.
648:Narodowe Siły Zbrojne
395:
372:
357:
344:Belarusian resistance
341:
326:
306:
295:
270:Further information:
153:
24:
2407:Strength Through Joy
2366:Weather Station Kurt
2068:Norway (Quisling II)
1315:Munich–Upper Bavaria
1300:March of Brandenburg
840:on December 21, 2018
720:. SMC Khatyn. 2005.
522:Holocaust in Belarus
64:Holocaust in Belarus
2905:Carpathian Ruthenia
2226:Reichskommissariats
2058:Norway (Quisling I)
1988:Chechnya-Ingushetia
1648:Bohemia and Moravia
1633:Partial annexations
1444:Danzig–West Prussia
299:, Minsk, June 1943.
183:Operation Bagration
43:Operation Bagration
35:military occupation
2495:French West Africa
2475:British Somaliland
1658:General Government
1335:Schleswig-Holstein
977:Gerlach, Christian
689:Radasłaŭ Astroŭski
478:Bronislav Kaminski
402:
379:
367:
352:
336:
321:
313:Radasłaŭ Astroŭski
301:
160:
107:, for example, in
27:
3128:
3127:
2719:Dutch East Indies
2557:Southern Rhodesia
2490:French Somaliland
2422:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2342:
2341:
2312:Other occupations
2307:
2306:
2218:
2217:
1933:Adriatic Littoral
1926:Operational Zones
1847:
1846:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1694:
1693:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1510:
1509:
1419:
1418:
878:978-0-19-937829-6
809:978-985-01-1534-8
774:978-0-674-72660-4
643:Operation Tempest
574:Białowieża Forest
510:Army Group Centre
498:Jakob Sporrenberg
468:Curt von Gottberg
463:Oskar Dirlewanger
334:, Minsk, ca. 1943
280:Operation Cottbus
276:Operation Hornung
272:Operation Bamberg
238:
237:
212:quality standards
94:after the Soviet
3183:
2879:Military history
2633:Native Americans
2449:
2442:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2351:
2350:
2233:
2232:
2229:
1958:
1957:
1945:Alpine Foothills
1813:
1812:
1763:Gebiet Bialystok
1741:
1740:
1654:
1653:
1638:
1637:
1583:
1582:
1497:Tyrol–Vorarlberg
1460:
1459:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1375:Westphalia-South
1370:Westphalia-North
1290:Magdeburg-Anhalt
1210:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1188:
1187:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1117:
1105:
1094:
1070:
1051:
1032:
1013:
994:
965:
930:
929:
889:
883:
882:
856:
850:
849:
847:
845:
827:
823:
814:
813:
801:
785:
779:
778:
758:
752:
751:
749:
747:
732:
726:
725:
714:
488:Anthony Sawoniuk
286:Soviet partisans
266:Bandenbekämpfung
233:
230:
224:
201:
193:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3120:Pacific Islands
3115:Solomon Islands
3095:Gilbert Islands
3077:
3071:
3050:Channel Islands
2822:
2685:
2639:
2561:
2458:
2453:
2423:
2414:
2410:holiday resorts
2390:
2338:
2303:
2267:
2214:
2198:
2112:
1949:
1921:
1843:
1827:
1802:
1735:
1720:
1690:
1652:
1619:
1581:
1506:
1458:
1415:
1389:
1270:Halle-Merseburg
1255:Electoral Hesse
1245:Eastern Hanover
1182:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1124:
1114:
1091:
1075:Snyder, Timothy
1067:
1048:
1029:
1010:
991:
962:
944:
938:
936:Further reading
933:
890:
886:
879:
857:
853:
843:
841:
828:
825:
824:
817:
810:
799:
786:
782:
775:
759:
755:
745:
743:
733:
729:
716:
715:
711:
707:
685:
676:Fortress of War
658:Soviet partisan
627:Khatyn massacre
618:
576:and full scale
558:
552:
550:Post-occupation
540:occupied Poland
524:
518:
506:
458:Gustavs Celmiņš
449:
398:Walter Schimana
390:
384:
332:Ordnungspolizei
282:
268:
262:
246:Generalplan Ost
234:
228:
225:
215:
202:
191:
170:Soviet partisan
166:
148:
123:
117:
84:Kresy Wschodnie
72:
62:as part of the
17:
12:
11:
5:
3189:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3040:British Empire
3035:United Kingdom
3032:
3027:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3008:Basque Country
3000:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
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51:collaborators
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3062:Vatican City
2981:Soviet Union
2729:West Sumatra
2598:Newfoundland
2552:South Africa
2547:Sierra Leone
2525:North Africa
2371:Schatzgräber
1793:West Prussia
1773:Lower Styria
1711:Holland (SS)
1482:Upper Danube
1477:Lower Danube
1280:Hesse-Nassau
1250:East Prussia
1220:Baden-Alsace
1183:Nazi Germany
1181:divisions of
1170:Nazi Germany
1101:
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1037:
1018:
999:
980:
969:
949:
904:(1): 54–97.
901:
897:
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860:
854:
842:. Retrieved
838:the original
833:
826:(in English)
795:
790:
783:
763:
756:
744:. Retrieved
740:
730:
712:
674:
669:Come and See
667:
607:
597:
586:
559:
532:Minsk Ghetto
525:
493:Karl Schäfer
483:Wilhelm Kube
350:, 1942/1943.
319:, June 1944.
311:, Professor
283:
260:Partisan war
250:World War II
239:
226:
217:You can help
207:
167:
154:A column of
127:Nazi Germany
124:
88:West Belarus
83:
80:Soviet Union
73:
28:
18:
3110:New Zealand
3076:Oceania and
3030:Switzerland
2991:Byelorussia
2946:Netherlands
2788:Philippines
2628:Puerto Rico
2583:El Salvador
2248:Netherlands
2048:Netherlands
1788:Sudetenland
1736:occupations
1572:Vistulaland
1449:Sudetenland
1401:Prinz-Eugen
1305:Mecklenburg
229:August 2016
179:Tiger tanks
156:Soviet POWs
39:Byelorussia
3135:Categories
3105:New Guinea
3085:Antarctica
3078:Antarctica
3067:Yugoslavia
2986:Azerbaijan
2941:Luxembourg
2724:New Guinea
2623:New Mexico
2613:California
2520:Madagascar
2505:Gold Coast
2500:The Gambia
2381:Bassgeiger
2361:New Swabia
2329:San Marino
2154:Montenegro
2078:Montenegro
1900:Luxembourg
1778:Luxembourg
1562:Vandalland
1527:Beskidland
1454:Wartheland
1427:Reichsgaus
1240:Düsseldorf
990:3930908638
844:August 26,
382:Nazi units
189:War crimes
175:Asipovichy
146:Occupation
135:occupation
70:Background
3090:Australia
3055:Gibraltar
3013:Catalonia
2936:Lithuania
2798:Singapore
2746:Indochina
2736:Hong Kong
2712:Manchuria
2681:Venezuela
2651:Argentina
2588:Greenland
2542:Nyasaland
2402:Nordstern
2386:Edelweiss
2294:Turkestan
2284:Don-Volga
2184:Turkestan
2134:Cossackia
2073:Macedonia
2033:Lithuania
1938:Ljubljana
1823:Bialystok
1808:Districts
1472:Carinthia
1365:Weser-Ems
1355:Thuringia
1325:Pomerania
1310:Moselland
1265:Franconia
918:0043-8871
834:Khatyn.by
746:March 21,
599:Hero City
562:Čorny Kot
546:article.
516:Holocaust
342:A hanged
221:talk page
90:), which
2976:Slovenia
2971:Slovakia
2961:Portugal
2849:Bulgaria
2803:Thailand
2778:Mongolia
2751:Cambodia
2671:Suriname
2661:Colombia
2485:Ethiopia
2395:Proposed
2376:Holzauge
2279:Caucasia
2272:Proposed
2210:Brittany
2203:Proposed
2194:Wallonia
2179:Slovakia
2129:Bulgaria
2103:Wallonia
2093:Slovakia
2008:Flanders
1890:Slovakia
1839:Brussels
1832:Proposed
1798:Zichenau
1768:Lorraine
1716:Lombardy
1699:Proposed
1587:Westland
1577:Wallonia
1557:Nordmark
1552:Gothland
1542:Flanders
1537:Burgundy
1515:Proposed
1487:Salzburg
1394:Proposed
1380:Westmark
1320:NSDAP/AO
1225:Bayreuth
1202:Altreich
1077:(2012).
979:(2000).
926:41023436
722:Archived
616:See also
570:Red Army
346:member,
129:and its
115:Invasion
109:Chervyen
86:" alias
3018:Galicia
2996:Ukraine
2966:Romania
2916:Ireland
2911:Iceland
2901:Hungary
2891:Germany
2869:Finland
2864:Estonia
2859:Denmark
2844:Belgium
2839:Austria
2834:Albania
2676:Uruguay
2608:Arizona
2535:Morocco
2530:Tunisia
2515:Liberia
2354:Founded
2334:Tunisia
2319:Finland
2289:Muscovy
2263:Ukraine
2258:Ostland
2236:Founded
2189:Ukraine
2159:Romania
2149:Hungary
2124:Belarus
2098:Ukraine
2023:Hungary
2003:Denmark
1993:Croatia
1983:Belarus
1978:Austria
1968:Albania
1961:Founded
1871:Croatia
1816:Founded
1666:Galicia
1641:Founded
1547:Galicia
1532:Brabant
1464:Austria
1437:Founded
1411:Holland
1340:Silesia
1275:Hamburg
1213:Founded
1128:Belarus
594:Vitebsk
363:Mohylew
139:Belarus
59:Soviets
3025:Sweden
2956:Poland
2951:Norway
2926:Latvia
2896:Greece
2874:France
2827:Europe
2813:Turkey
2773:Malaya
2702:Ceylon
2656:Brazil
2618:Nevada
2593:Mexico
2573:Canada
2463:Africa
2324:Monaco
2253:Norway
2174:Serbia
2144:Greece
2139:France
2117:Exiled
2018:Greece
2013:France
1910:Serbia
1905:Poland
1895:Greece
1876:France
1753:Alsace
1734:German
1686:Warsaw
1676:Lublin
1671:Kraków
1567:Venice
1502:Vienna
1492:Styria
1345:Swabia
1330:Saxony
1230:Berlin
1134:(EHRI)
1110:
1087:
1063:
1044:
1025:
1006:
987:
958:
924:
916:
875:
806:
798:]
771:
683:People
377:, 1943
278:, and
254:Khatyn
242:Slavic
219:. The
3100:Nauru
3045:Wales
3003:Spain
2921:Italy
2808:Tibet
2783:Nepal
2768:Japan
2741:India
2707:China
2697:Burma
2510:Kenya
2480:Egypt
2347:Other
2043:Lokot
2038:Lepel
2028:Italy
1915:Banat
1783:Posen
1681:Radom
1522:Banat
1260:Essen
922:S2CID
800:(PDF)
794:[
705:Notes
604:Brest
590:Minsk
375:Minsk
348:Minsk
317:Minsk
2818:Tuva
2763:Iraq
2758:Iran
2690:Asia
2578:Cuba
2299:Ural
2053:Nias
1973:Asch
1194:Gaus
1108:ISBN
1085:ISBN
1061:ISBN
1042:ISBN
1023:ISBN
1004:ISBN
985:ISBN
956:ISBN
914:ISSN
873:ISBN
846:2006
804:ISBN
769:ISBN
748:2024
592:and
582:NKVD
330:and
131:Axis
101:NKVD
29:The
1130:at
906:doi
865:doi
37:of
3137::
1882:‧
920:.
912:.
902:69
900:.
896:.
871:.
832:.
818:^
739:.
612:.
361:,
274:,
111:.
2907:)
2903:(
2448:e
2441:t
2434:v
1886:)
1878:(
1407:)
1403:(
1206:)
1198:(
1161:e
1154:t
1147:v
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227:(
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