237:
force in the patient's external environment caused the fall to occur. However, the use of this term may result in a failure to conduct a thorough evaluation of intrinsic factors related to the fall. Even in cases of community-dwelling older adults experiencing falls related to slipping, tripping, or stumbling, the patients’ co-morbidities and health status are often involved. In addition, a proportion of patients with reported “non-mechanical falls” have been shown to have environmental factors. For this reason, it is crucial to consider the interactions between environmental hazards and increased individual susceptibility from the accumulated effects of intrinsic risk factors when evaluating why a fall occurred in an older adult.
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25-75 percent of those do not recover fully to the mobility they had prior to the fall. Of those older adults who fall, only about half are able to stand back up on their own, the other half experience a “long lie” which makes them more likely to experience a steeper decline on their activities of daily living than those who are able to stand back up on their own. Furthermore, the medical complications arising from these falls make it so that they become the leading cause of death from injury in populations over 65 years old and fifth overall cause of death.
500:. Loneliness is an indicator of social well-being and can lead to intense feelings of emptiness and serious health consequences, including depressive symptoms and cognitive decline. Importantly, when manifested in older adults, it may reflect increased vulnerability and dependency, which may provide circumstances under which elder mistreatment can occur. Isolation reduces the likelihood that abuse will be detected and stopped. Feelings of loneliness are independently associated with self-reported elder mistreatment.
29:
702:, expected declines in blood pressure may not occur, leading to misinterpretation of the geriatric patient's condition. This supports why mortality significantly increases with systolic blood pressure below 110 mmHg in older adults but not until 95 mmHg in younger patients. This is why several centers and studies support using older age as a TTA criterion as a means to reduce mortality in this population, regardless of the mechanism of injury.
489:, resulting in an increased risk of death at the end of a 13-year follow-up period in one study. According to a published uniform definition from the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, elder abuse is “an intentional act or failure to act by a caregiver or another person in a relationship involving an expectation of trust that causes or creates a risk of harm to an older adult.”
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interventions. This demonstrates the value in creating a more accommodating and safe home environment for a community-dwelling elder, especially if they have several intrinsic risk factors for falls. Another study found a lower risk of falls associated with wearing athletic shoes and canvas shoes compared to other types of footwear including slippers, sandals, and high heels.
201:. Another example is the decline in muscle mass, which although highly variable among individuals, rapidly speeds up in older age and can decreases up to 50% when compared to the weight of the individual. This loss of muscle mass can compromise the elderly adult's ability to maintain a straight posture.
596:
The geriatric population is at increased risk for burn injury. While geriatric burns account for less than 5% of burns in developing countries, nearly 20% of burns in developed countries are experienced by the geriatric population. These burn injuries tend to occur at home—particularly in the kitchen
352:
Cognitive deficits. One study used a road test in
California consisting of a six-stage driving course with typical intersections, merging roads, curves, crosswalks, etc. to compare the driving capabilities of participants with cognitive impairments and healthy controls. They found significantly worse
236:
are the most common mechanism of injury in severely injured geriatric patients, the risk factors for geriatric trauma overlap significantly with those that predispose older adults to falls. Falls may often be described as “mechanical” or “non-mechanical.” A “mechanical fall” implies that an object or
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are key components of burn treatment. In the geriatric population, extra care must be paid to provide appropriate fluids, as age is significantly associated with increased volume requirement in the first 48 hours post-injury. Additionally, geriatric patients are often not provided with adequate pain
601:
processes of aging, the skin of geriatric patients has impaired mechanisms to protect against burns, including impaired neurosensory sensitivity, skin permeability, and regeneration capacity. These impairments lead to deeper wounds, prolonged wound healing, and lower potential for complete recovery.
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As a result of a fall, older adults can also experience post-fall anxiety syndrome. This fear of falling was present in 60 percent of community dwelling geriatric populations, and was demonstrated by their reduction in levels of activity; 15 percent of which severely restricted their mobility out of
580:
Every year, about 5 percent of falls result in hospitalizations in the geriatric population. These injuries lead to an increase in morbidity and a greater likelihood that they will be admitted to a nursing home. Approximately 95 percent of all hip fractures reported are due to an unforeseen fall and
550:
account for three-quarters of all trauma in this population. In one review, the estimated probability of falling at least once in any given year for individuals 65 years and older was 27%. One out of five falls causes a serious injury such as broken bones or a head injury. In the United States, over
69:
is increasing. By 2050, the world's population aged 60 years and older is expected to total 2 billion, up from 900 million in 2015. While this trend presents opportunities for productivity and additional experiences, it also comes with its own set of challenges for health systems. More so than ever,
74:
following traumatic injury. In addition, given advances in the management of chronic illnesses, more elderly adults are living active lifestyles and are at risk of traumatic injury. In the United States, this population accounts for 14% of all traumatic injuries, of which a majority are just mainly
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is another important form of treatment for burns. However, age is a risk factor for unsuccessful grafting due to the natural thinning of the skin that occurs with age. Other risk factors for failed skin relevant to the geriatric population for unsuccessful skin grafting include being over age 55,
576:
are the most common cause of injury in older adults. According to the
Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2018, approximately 28 percent of individuals aver 65 years old reported a fall within the last year. This would account for approximately 36 million falls, of which approximately 8.4
325:
Lastly, in one study, home modifications like adding handrails for outside and inside stairs, grab rails for bathrooms, outdoor lighting, and slip-resistant floors was shown to cause a 26% reduction in the rate of injuries caused by falls at home per year compared to a control group without these
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Characteristics of abusers. Elders often share a living arrangement with their abuser. Relatives that are more likely to become abusive include those with mental illness, substance use disorders, dependence on the elder for financial assistance and housing, and a history of violence in contexts
411:
injuries continues to improve across all age groups, this improvement may be less for older burn victims. This observation may be attributable to a greater degree of co-morbidities and slow wound healing that result in an increased length of stay and higher mortality in the elderly compared to
632:
Studies suggest that few geriatric patients return to their previous state of health following burn injury. Long-term consequences in this population include exacerbation of pre-existing conditions, decreased mobility, loss of independence, worsened nutrition, pain, and psychological sequelae
600:
Importantly, geriatric patients are at increased risk for downstream complications. This is in part due to limited mobility, decreased ability to react rapidly to threats, and pre-existing medical problems such as vision impairment and medication side effects. Additionally, due to the natural
557:
are the second most common mechanism of injury among geriatric adults, and the most common cause of traumatic mortality. Of the possible injuries, older adults are especially at risk of chest injuries (such as rib fractures) which may negatively interact with existing cardiopulmonary
207:
of the brain begins to accelerate at around seventy years of age, which leads to a significant reduction in brain mass. Since the skull does not decrease in size with the brain, there is significant space between the two when this occurs which puts the elderly at a higher risk of a
617:
control management, in part due to a misconception that pain decreases with age (there is no evidence to support this claim). Appropriate pain management is critical for recovery, and must consider patients' co-morbidities, organ functions, and current medications.
503:
Functional impairment. One study demonstrated that greater functional impairment was associated with an increased risk of emotional and physical abuse. This may be related to increased vulnerability because older adults with impaired ability to perform
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are also especially dangerous in geriatric populations. Relating back to physiology, comorbidities and slow wound healing can result in an increase length of stay, and higher mortality in the elderly compared to patients less than 60 yr of age.
543:
Falls and motor vehicle crashes are the most common types of injuries among geriatric adults. As a whole, older populations are more vulnerable to mortality from all causes of trauma given that they are less able to compensate following injury.
673:, and mechanism of injury. However, elderly patients with severe trauma often do not meet the standard TTA criteria due to normal age-related changes and reduced physiologic capacities. For example, older adults have a less profound
151:
for control of various diseases and conditions. The side effects of some of these medications may either predispose to injury, or may cause a minor trauma to result in a much more severe condition. For example, a person taking
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caused by such medications. The combined effects of these changes greatly predisposes elderly people to traumatic injury. Both the incidence of falls and the severity of associated complications increase with advancing age.
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Hall J, Karch DL, Crosby A. Elder abuse surveillance: Uniform definitions and recommended core data elements. National Center for Injury
Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention. 2016. Available at:
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To prevent or identify patients who may experience elder abuse, it is crucial to identify which older adults are at an increased risk. Some findings correlated with risk of elder mistreatment are presented below:
1818:
Fitten, L. Jaime; Perryman, Kent M.; Wilkinson, Candace J.; Little, Roderick J.; Burns, Marcelline M.; Pachana, Nancy; Mervis, J. Randolph; Malmgren, Roberta; Siembieda, Douglas W.; Ganzell, Steven (1995-05-03).
3144:
Heffernan, Daithi S.; Thakkar, Rajan K.; Monaghan, Sean F.; Ravindran, Radhika; Adams, Charles A.; Kozloff, Matthew S.; Gregg, Shea C.; Connolly, Michael D.; Machan, Jason T.; Cioffi, William G. (October 2010).
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fear of having another fall. This further contributes to morbidity because it can contribute to cognitive impairment, depression, isolation, increase in rates of obesity, and further mobility impairment.
689:
following trauma. This explains why mortality increases in the elderly above a heart rate of 90 bpm, an association not observed until heart rate of 130 bpm in younger patients. Similarly, in older adults,
349:
were six times more likely to have incurred one or more crashes in the last five years. Other parameters of eye function like eye health status and visual sensory function were correlated with crashes.
2425:
Burnes, David; Pillemer, Karl; Caccamise, Paul L.; Mason, Art; Henderson, Charles R.; Berman, Jacquelin; Cook, Ann Marie; Shukoff, Denise; Brownell, Patricia; Powell, Mebane; Salamone, Aurora (2015).
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comorbidities—increasing the risk of complications like pneumonia and respiratory failure. In addition, the highest mortality rate in geriatric trauma is among older pedestrians struck by a vehicle.
1622:
Koepsell, Thomas D.; Wolf, Marsha E.; Buchner, David M.; Kukull, Walter A.; LaCroix, Andrea Z.; Tencer, Allan F.; Frankenfeld, Cara L.; Tautvydas, Milda; Larson, Eric B. (September 2004).
240:
From a meta-analysis examining risk factors for falls in both community-dwelling and institutionalized populations, the most common intrinsic determinants of falls risks include:
334:
Motor vehicle crashes are the second most frequent mechanism of injury to explain trauma in older adults. Risk factors that affect driving performance in older adults include:
1512:
Cawthon, Peggy M.; Harrison, Stephanie L.; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; Fink, Howard A.; Cauley, Jane A.; Lewis, Cora E.; Orwoll, Eric S.; Cummings, Steven R. (November 2006).
82:
and mortality across all age groups, however, geriatric populations are unique compared to younger counterparts in the amount of existing health issues and inherent risk of
90:. As a whole, older populations are more vulnerable to trauma from minor mechanisms of injury and less able to recover following injury. At the same time,
825:. John A. Marx, Robert S. Hockberger, Ron M. Walls, Michelle H. Biros, Daniel F. Danzl, Marianne Gausche-Hill (Eighth ed.). Philadelphia, PA. 2014.
98:
and co-morbidities may negatively affect older adults’ physiological responses to traumatic injuries and increase the risk for complications later on.
1567:
Keall, Michael D.; Pierse, Nevil; Howden-Chapman, Philippa; Cunningham, Chris; Cunningham, Malcolm; Guria, Jagadish; Baker, Michael G. (2015-01-17).
2089:
Wibbenmeyer, Lucy A.; Amelon, Marge J.; Morgan, Lori J.; Robinson, Bonnie K.; Chang, Phyllis X.; Lewis Ii, Robert; Patrick Kealey, G. (2001-09-01).
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Other important intrinsic risk factors for falls indicated by other studies include peripheral nerve dysfunction with postural instability, use of
1569:"Home modifications to reduce injuries from falls in the home injury prevention intervention (HIPI) study: a cluster-randomised controlled trial"
854:
3398:
1677:
Labib, Noura; Nouh, Thamer; Winocour, Sebastian; Deckelbaum, Dan; Banici, Laura; Fata, Paola; Razek, Tarek; Khwaja, Kosar (December 2011).
1418:
Woolcott, John C.; Richardson, Kathryn J.; Wiens, Matthew O.; Patel, Bhavini; Marin, Judith; Khan, Karim M.; Marra, Carlo A. (2009-11-23).
1220:
Labib, Noura; Nouh, Thamer; Winocour, Sebastian; Deckelbaum, Dan; Banici, Laura; Fata, Paola; Razek, Tarek; Khwaja, Kosar (December 2011).
3040:"Activity restriction induced by fear of falling and objective and subjective measures of physical function: a prospective cohort study"
577:
million resulted in injuries. These falls are often underreported and can significantly threaten the individual's independence.
412:
patients less than 60 years. Therefore, it is important to recognize and address risk factors that predispose older adults to burns.
534:. Both have been demonstrated as related to elder abuse and neglect. They may cause a loss of capacity for self-care and protection.
1193:
514:. These individuals may be more likely to have unstable, conflictive family relationships that increase the risk of mistreatment.
3038:
Deshpande, Nandini; Metter, E. Jeffrey; Lauretani, Fulvio; Bandinelli, Stefania; Guralnik, Jack; Ferrucci, Luigi (April 2008).
372:
924:"Differences in mortality between elderly and younger adult trauma patients: geriatric status increases risk of delayed death"
1977:"Association between Glaucoma and At-fault Motor Vehicle Collision Involvement among Older Drivers: A Population-based Study"
1153:
1098:
1039:
830:
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Wibbenmeyer, L. A.; Amelon, M. J.; Morgan, L. J.; Robinson, B. K.; Chang, P. X.; Lewis, R.; Kealey, G. P. (September 2001).
3728:
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800,000 patients a year are hospitalized because of a fall injury, most often because of a head injury or hip fracture.
2889:"Association of injurious falls with disability outcomes and nursing home admissions in community-living older persons"
649:(TTA) must be done liberally due to limited costs and resources. Therefore, the criteria for TTA is established by the
1975:
Kwon, MiYoung; Huisingh, Carrie; Rhodes, Lindsay A.; McGwin, Gerald; Wood, Joanne M.; Owsley, Cynthia (January 2016).
1123:
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person. People around the world are living longer than ever. In developed and underdeveloped countries, the pace of
3733:
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2200:"House fire injury prevention update. Part I. A review of risk factors for fatal and non-fatal house fire injury"
3216:
Bardes, James M.; Benjamin, Elizabeth; Schellenberg, Morgan; Inaba, Kenji; Demetriades, Demetrios (2019-08-01).
1726:"A Preliminary Assessment of the Medical and Functional Factors Associated with Vehicle Crashes by Older Adults"
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670:
455:
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in the past two years. This may be attributable to falling and crashing sharing highly similar risk factors.
3830:
3425:
3393:
2832:"Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years - United States, 2012-2018"
2366:
1027:
650:
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Lower extremity weakness due to limited physical activity and muscle atrophy, and chronic conditions like
872:
McGwin, Gerald; MacLennan, Paul A.; Fife, Jessaka Bailey; Davis, Gregory G.; Rue, Loring W. (June 2004).
2427:"Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Elder Abuse and Neglect in the Community: A Population-Based Study"
858:
505:
280:
2646:
2352:
1514:"Alcohol intake and its relationship with bone mineral density, falls, and fracture risk in older men"
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741:
387:
128:
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Peitzman AB, Rhodes M, Schwab CW, Yealy DM, Fabian TC, eds. (2008). "Chapter 48: Geriatric Trauma".
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Keller, Julie M.; Sciadini, Marcus F.; Sinclair, Elizabeth; O'Toole, Robert V. (September 2012).
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520:. Low economic resources may serve as a situational stressor contributing to elder mistreatment.
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3435:
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395:
354:
245:
112:
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Sims, Richard V.; Owsley, Cynthia; Allman, Richard M.; Ball, Karlene; Smoot, Tonya M. (1998).
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Gill, Thomas M.; Murphy, Terrence E.; Gahbauer, Evelyne A.; Allore, Heather G. (2013-08-01).
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Residence in homes with substandard fire safety features, including absent or non-functional
339:
233:
2426:
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Virtually all organ systems experience a progressive decline in function as a result of the
3738:
3377:
3282:
3218:"Old Age With a Traumatic Mechanism of Injury Should Be a Trauma Team Activation Criterion"
2302:
Lachs, M. S.; Williams, C. S.; O'Brien, S.; Pillemer, K. A.; Charlson, M. E. (1998-08-05).
346:
319:
269:
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after sustaining a closed head injury. The reduction of brain size can lead to issues with
71:
2136:
Ehrlich, Amy R.; Bak, Rebecca Y.; Wald-Cagan, Paulette; Greenberg, Debra F. (2008-11-01).
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Sri-on, Jiraporn; Tirrell, Gregory Philip; Lipsitz, Lewis A.; Liu, Shan Woo (March 2016).
8:
3820:
3573:
3543:
1467:"Risk factors associated with falls and injuries among elderly institutionalized persons"
699:
691:
657:. The criteria used to identify patients with a greater need for high level care include
345:
Visual deficits. One study demonstrated that older adults who possessed shrinkage in the
148:
2365:
Dong, XinQi; Simon, Melissa A.; Gorbien, Martin; Percak, Jeffrey; Golden, Robyn (2007).
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of the head, neck and extremities. Furthermore, elderly people frequently take multiple
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2009:
1976:
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1821:"Alzheimer and Vascular Dementias and Driving: A Prospective Road and Laboratory Study"
1761:
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Myers, A. H.; Baker, S. P.; Van Natta, M. L.; Abbey, H.; Robinson, E. G. (1991-06-01).
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peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and related problems of limb ischemia.
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One significant problem in the acute assessment of geriatric trauma patients is under-
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2591:"The cost and frequency of hospitalization for fall-related injuries in older adults"
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Ganz, David A.; Bao, Yeran; Shekelle, Paul G.; Rubenstein, Laurence Z. (2007-01-03).
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41:
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2993:"Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons"
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Ball, K.; Owsley, C.; Sloane, M. E.; Roenker, D. L.; Bruni, J. R. (October 1993).
1148:(3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 524–32.
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2153:
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1992:
1678:
1420:"Meta-analysis of the impact of 9 medication classes on falls in elderly persons"
613:
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Factors that increase the risk of incurring burn injury in older adults include:
221:
198:
144:
3162:
3147:"Normal presenting vital signs are unreliable in geriatric blunt trauma victims"
2647:"Important Facts about Falls | Home and Recreational Safety | CDC Injury Center"
2497:
1694:
1388:
1237:
3760:
3755:
3578:
3445:
2961:
2526:
2137:
1679:"Severely Injured Geriatric Population: Morbidity, Mortality, and Risk Factors"
1377:
The
Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
1341:
1284:
1222:"Severely injured geriatric population: morbidity, mortality, and risk factors"
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have a reduced capacity to defend themselves or escape escalating mistreatment.
420:
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311:
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190:
140:
116:
1887:
1870:
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Sims, R. V.; McGwin Jr, G.; Allman, R. M.; Ball, K.; Owsley, C. (2000-01-01).
1781:"Visual attention problems as a predictor of vehicle crashes in older drivers"
1118:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Brady/Prentice Hall Health. pp. 231–8.
986:
445:
Hearing impairment, resulting in an inability to hear a triggered smoke alarm.
3809:
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2946:"Falls and their prevention in elderly people: what does the evidence show?"
2945:
2784:
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2672:
2590:
2543:
1623:
1568:
1513:
1419:
1326:"Falls and Their Prevention in Elderly People: What Does the Evidence Show?"
1221:
970:
873:
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427:, and water temperature greater than the recommended maximum of 120 °F.
28:
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Perdue, P. W.; Watts, D. D.; Kaufmann, C. R.; Trask, A. L. (October 1998).
905:
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695:
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315:
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Dyer, Carmel
Bitondo; Connolly, Marie-Therese; McFeeley, Patricia (2003).
2505:
2367:"Loneliness in Older Chinese Adults: A Risk Factor for Elder Mistreatment"
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1852:
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1034:(8th ed.). Chicago: American College of Surgeons. pp. 243–74.
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Psychotropic medications with central nervous system effects, including
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3312:
2215:
2032:
Crizzle, Alexander M.; Classen, Sherrilene; Uc, Ergun Y. (2012-11-13).
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439:
435:
169:
91:
83:
2726:
Lee, W. Y.; Yee, W. Y.; Cameron, P. A.; Bailey, M. J. (January 2006).
2442:
2257:"Reducing the burn risk to elderly persons living in residential care"
782:
3503:
1116:
Basic trauma life support for paramedics and other advanced providers
465:
274:
217:
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or the bathroom—and most commonly consist of flame and scald burns.
448:
Mobility impairment, preventing or slowing escape from a house fire.
3767:
2830:
Moreland, Briana; Kakara, Ramakrishna; Henry, Ankita (2020-07-10).
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https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/ea_book_revised_2016.pdf
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1871:"Exploratory study of incident vehicle crashes among olderdrivers"
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62:
2301:
822:
Rosen's emergency medicine : concepts and clinical practice
143:(degenerative joint disease), which leads to a reduction in the
3487:
3327:
3298:
3215:
2944:
Rubenstein, Laurence Z.; Josephson, Karen R. (September 2006).
2782:
2088:
874:"Preexisting conditions and mortality in older trauma patients"
642:
383:
376:
182:
2138:"Risk Factors for Fires and Burns in Homebound, Urban Elderly"
1920:"Medications and Impaired Driving: A Review of the Literature"
2789:
2528:
The
Clinical and Medical Forensics of Elder Abuse and Neglect
2261:
2135:
1817:
87:
2424:
1417:
3626:
2785:"Predicting survival in an elderly burn patient population"
2091:"Predicting survival in an elderly burn patient population"
1676:
1324:
Rubenstein, Laurence Z.; Josephson, Karen R. (2006-09-01).
1219:
1089:. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson/Prentice Hall. pp.
682:
561:
408:
136:
364:
A history of motor vehicle crashes in the past five years.
3267:
3095:
Abu-Sittah, G.S.; Chahine, F.M.; Janom, H. (2016-12-31).
2673:"Geriatric trauma: demographics, injuries, and mortality"
2541:
2034:"Parkinson disease and driving: an evidence-based review"
1621:
1143:
176:
2886:
1974:
1464:
1113:
1082:
921:
871:
2991:
Tinetti, M. E.; Liu, W. L.; Claus, E. B. (1993-01-06).
1868:
1778:
1266:
279:
Impaired functionality and loss of ability to complete
3094:
2364:
1032:
ATLS: Advanced Trauma Life
Support Program for Doctors
139:. These degenerative changes are often accompanied by
2197:
1373:"Peripheral neuropathy: a true risk factor for falls"
36:
Medical personnel attend to geriatric trauma patient.
2589:
Alexander, B H; Rivara, F P; Wolf, M E (July 1992).
2524:
1723:
765:
McLean, Allan J.; Le
Couteur, David G. (June 2004).
2943:
2829:
2725:
2588:
2198:Warda, L.; Tenenbein, M.; Moffatt, M. (June 1999).
1323:
1026:
767:"Aging biology and geriatric clinical pharmacology"
1624:"Footwear style and risk of falls in older adults"
1215:
1213:
3137:
1370:
1059:. New York, N.Y: Marcel Dekker. pp. 441–50.
1028:Committee on Trauma, American College of Surgeons
3807:
2031:
1785:Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
917:
915:
764:
2990:
1371:Richardson, J. K.; Hurvitz, E. A. (July 1995).
1210:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1055:Grande, Christopher M.; Søreide, Eldar (2001).
3399:Focused assessment with sonography for trauma
3283:
2480:Lachs, Mark S.; Pillemer, Karl (2009-08-19).
2479:
2254:
1918:Hetland, Amanda; Carr, David B (April 2014).
1269:"Is there such a thing as a mechanical fall?"
912:
189:function caused in part by thickening of the
1132:
2836:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1917:
975:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
694:is increased, which may result in baseline
361:compared to older and young control groups.
160:(Plavix) may experience a life-threatening
3290:
3276:
3044:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
2431:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
2371:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
2255:Harper, R. D.; Dickson, W. A. (May 1995).
1730:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
1628:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
1518:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
1273:The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
1022:
1020:
853:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
487:elder physical, emotional, or sexual abuse
70:elderly populations are presenting to the
27:
3120:
3071:
2920:
2863:
2759:
2622:
2319:
2231:
2065:
2008:
1951:
1886:
1300:
968:
636:
604:
106:
1683:Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
969:Clare, Drew; Zink, Korie L. (May 2021).
329:
260:Visual deficits, which may occur due to
1078:
1076:
1030:(2008). "Chapter 10: Extremes of Age".
1017:
382:Age-associated medical conditions like
353:drive scores in participants with mild
3808:
2728:"Road traffic injuries in the elderly"
2482:"Abuse and Neglect of Elderly Persons"
177:Physiologic differences in the elderly
3271:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2304:"The mortality of elder mistreatment"
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
1875:The Journals of Gerontology: Series A
1864:
1862:
512:Separated and divorced marital status
185:process. One example is a decline in
3097:"Management of burns in the elderly"
2950:The Medical Clinics of North America
1107:
1073:
538:
164:after sustaining a relatively minor
3729:Acute respiratory distress syndrome
2142:Journal of Burn Care & Research
168:, as a result of the defect in the
13:
3101:Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters
2413:
2184:
1859:
1742:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb01070.x
1483:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115830
1048:
485:Geriatric trauma may be caused by
14:
3842:
3222:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
2595:American Journal of Public Health
1114:Campbell, John Creighton (2000).
1083:Campbell, John Creighton (2008).
890:10.1097/01.ta.0000089354.02065.d0
3734:Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
3056:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01639.x
3009:10.1001/jama.1993.03500010075035
2893:American Journal of Epidemiology
2531:. National Academies Press (US).
2383:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01429.x
1837:10.1001/jama.1995.03520410054026
1640:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52412.x
1530:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00912.x
1471:American Journal of Epidemiology
1330:Medical Clinics of North America
940:10.1097/00005373-199810000-00034
468:, poor sensorimotor perception,
3209:
3185:
3088:
3031:
2984:
2937:
2880:
2823:
2776:
2719:
2664:
2639:
2582:
2535:
2518:
2486:New England Journal of Medicine
2473:
2358:
2355:(Accessed on January 25, 2021).
2344:
2295:
2248:
2129:
2082:
2025:
1968:
1911:
1811:
1772:
1717:
1670:
1615:
1560:
1505:
1458:
1411:
1364:
1317:
1260:
1186:
1162:
101:
3785:Post-traumatic stress disorder
3234:10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.04.003
1436:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.357
962:
865:
813:
758:
734:
480:
407:Although the survivability of
1:
2801:10.1016/s0305-4179(01)00009-2
2677:Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma
2107:10.1016/S0305-4179(01)00009-2
1924:The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
1585:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61006-0
1424:Archives of Internal Medicine
727:
78:Trauma is a leading cause of
3426:Advanced trauma life support
3394:Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
2689:10.1097/BOT.0b013e3182324460
2273:10.1016/0305-4179(95)80010-l
2154:10.1097/BCR.0b013e31818ba1ab
2050:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182749e95
1993:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.08.043
692:systemic vascular resistance
651:American College of Surgeons
127:, as well as a reduction in
115:function leads to a loss of
7:
3163:10.1097/TA.0b013e3181f41af8
2498:10.1056/nejm199502163320706
1695:10.1097/TA.0b013e31820989ed
1238:10.1097/TA.0b013e31820989ed
705:
627:
320:history of problem drinking
10:
3847:
3297:
2962:10.1016/j.mcna.2006.05.013
2732:Emergency Medicine Journal
1342:10.1016/j.mcna.2006.05.013
1285:10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.009
588:
568:
290:Cognitive impairment from
281:activities of daily living
3721:
3696:
3660:
3609:
3486:
3479:
3467:Resuscitative thoracotomy
3459:
3418:
3411:
3386:
3355:Clinical prediction rules
3353:
3346:
3305:
1389:10.1093/gerona/50a.4.m211
987:10.1016/j.emc.2021.01.002
388:transient ischemic attack
257:Gait and balance deficits
111:A progressive decline in
40:
35:
26:
21:
3363:Abbreviated Injury Scale
1936:10.1177/1060028014520882
402:
254:A prior history of falls
227:
195:congestive heart failure
3594:Penetrating head injury
3589:Intracranial hemorrhage
2744:10.1136/emj.2005.023754
2544:"Will my patient fall?"
1888:10.1093/gerona/55.1.M22
1057:Prehospital trauma care
771:Pharmacological Reviews
663:systolic blood pressure
518:Lower income or poverty
162:intracranial hemorrhage
3790:Subcutaneous emphysema
3749:Volkmann's contracture
3599:Traumatic brain injury
3436:Early appropriate care
3431:Damage control surgery
2848:10.15585/mmwr.mm6927a5
2607:10.2105/ajph.82.7.1020
2321:10.1001/jama.280.5.428
671:level of consciousness
647:Trauma team activation
637:Trauma Team Activation
633:including depression.
605:Treatment Implications
246:cardiovascular disease
113:central nervous system
107:Biomechanics of injury
3564:Thoracic aorta injury
3524:Diaphragmatic rupture
3368:Injury Severity Score
3338:Trauma triad of death
3151:The Journal of Trauma
2560:10.1001/jama.297.1.77
1226:The Journal of Trauma
928:The Journal of Trauma
878:The Journal of Trauma
857:) CS1 maint: others (
555:Motor vehicle crashes
330:Motor Vehicle Crashes
129:eye–hand coordination
3739:Compartment syndrome
3378:Revised Trauma Score
698:. In the setting of
347:useful field of view
270:macular degeneration
170:hemostatic mechanism
72:Emergency Department
3831:Medical emergencies
3574:Blunt kidney trauma
3544:Pulmonary contusion
742:"Ageing and health"
610:Fluid resuscitation
524:outside the family.
456:alcohol consumption
396:Parkinson's disease
355:Alzheimer's disease
193:. This can lead to
94:to manage existing
3688:Spinal cord injury
3647:Penetrating trauma
3514:Soft tissue injury
2905:10.1093/aje/kws554
2216:10.1136/ip.5.2.145
971:"Geriatric Trauma"
434:or older homes in
425:fire extinguishers
187:circulatory system
166:closed head injury
156:(Coumadin) and/or
125:motor coordination
96:chronic conditions
61:that occurs to an
47:Emergency medicine
3803:
3802:
3717:
3716:
3559:Internal bleeding
3554:Cardiac tamponade
3509:Joint dislocation
3475:
3474:
3407:
3406:
2443:10.1111/jgs.13601
2377:(11): 1831–1835.
2204:Injury Prevention
2044:(20): 2067–2074.
1831:(17): 1360–1365.
1791:(11): 3110–3123.
1579:(9964): 231–238.
1524:(11): 1649–1657.
1477:(11): 1179–1190.
1430:(21): 1952–1960.
1155:978-0-7817-6275-5
1146:The Trauma Manual
1100:978-0-13-237982-3
1041:978-1-880696-31-6
832:978-1-4557-4987-4
783:10.1124/pr.56.2.4
665:below 90 mmHg or
539:Types of Injuries
359:vascular dementia
210:subdural hematoma
52:
51:
16:Medical condition
3838:
3709:Pediatric trauma
3704:Geriatric trauma
3668:Abdominal trauma
3484:
3483:
3416:
3415:
3351:
3350:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3269:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3197:www.uptodate.com
3189:
3183:
3182:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3124:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3075:
3035:
3029:
3028:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2924:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2867:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2763:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2626:
2601:(7): 1020–1023.
2586:
2580:
2579:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2437:(9): 1906–1912.
2422:
2411:
2410:
2362:
2356:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2323:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2195:
2182:
2181:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2069:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2012:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1890:
1866:
1857:
1856:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1689:(6): 1908–1914.
1674:
1668:
1667:
1634:(9): 1495–1501.
1619:
1613:
1612:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1304:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1232:(6): 1908–1914.
1217:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1198:www.uptodate.com
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1174:www.uptodate.com
1166:
1160:
1159:
1141:
1130:
1129:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1080:
1071:
1070:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1024:
1015:
1014:
966:
960:
959:
919:
910:
909:
884:(6): 1291–1296.
869:
863:
862:
852:
844:
817:
811:
810:
762:
756:
755:
753:
752:
738:
669:above 120 bpm),
472:medication, and
135:and an unsteady
67:population aging
59:traumatic injury
55:Geriatric trauma
31:
22:Geriatric trauma
19:
18:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3826:Causes of death
3806:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3713:
3692:
3656:
3605:
3480:Pathophysiology
3471:
3455:
3403:
3382:
3342:
3301:
3296:
3266:
3265:
3214:
3210:
3201:
3199:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3142:
3138:
3093:
3089:
3036:
3032:
2989:
2985:
2942:
2938:
2885:
2881:
2842:(27): 875–881.
2828:
2824:
2781:
2777:
2724:
2720:
2683:(9): e161–165.
2669:
2665:
2656:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2587:
2583:
2540:
2536:
2523:
2519:
2510:
2508:
2478:
2474:
2423:
2414:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2345:
2300:
2296:
2253:
2249:
2196:
2185:
2134:
2130:
2087:
2083:
2030:
2026:
1973:
1969:
1916:
1912:
1867:
1860:
1816:
1812:
1777:
1773:
1722:
1718:
1675:
1671:
1620:
1616:
1565:
1561:
1510:
1506:
1463:
1459:
1416:
1412:
1383:(4): M211–215.
1369:
1365:
1322:
1318:
1265:
1261:
1218:
1211:
1202:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1178:
1176:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1142:
1133:
1126:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1025:
1018:
967:
963:
920:
913:
870:
866:
846:
845:
833:
819:
818:
814:
763:
759:
750:
748:
740:
739:
735:
730:
708:
653:and individual
639:
630:
607:
591:
571:
541:
483:
421:smoke detectors
405:
369:benzodiazepines
332:
312:benzodiazepines
308:antidepressants
230:
199:pulmonary edema
179:
145:range of motion
109:
104:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3844:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3761:Rhabdomyolysis
3756:Crush syndrome
3753:
3752:
3751:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3579:Splenic injury
3576:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3492:
3490:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3446:Trauma surgery
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3387:Investigations
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3359:
3357:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3272:
3264:
3263:
3228:(2): 151–155.
3208:
3184:
3157:(4): 813–820.
3136:
3107:(4): 249–245.
3087:
3050:(4): 615–620.
3030:
2983:
2956:(5): 807–824.
2936:
2899:(3): 418–425.
2879:
2822:
2795:(6): 583–590.
2775:
2718:
2663:
2638:
2581:
2534:
2517:
2492:(7): 437–443.
2472:
2412:
2357:
2343:
2314:(5): 428–432.
2294:
2267:(3): 205–208.
2247:
2210:(2): 145–150.
2183:
2148:(6): 985–987.
2128:
2101:(6): 583–590.
2081:
2024:
1987:(1): 109–116.
1967:
1930:(4): 494–506.
1910:
1881:(1): M22–M27.
1858:
1810:
1771:
1736:(5): 556–561.
1716:
1669:
1614:
1559:
1504:
1457:
1410:
1363:
1336:(5): 807–824.
1316:
1279:(3): 582–585.
1259:
1209:
1185:
1161:
1154:
1131:
1124:
1106:
1099:
1072:
1065:
1047:
1040:
1016:
981:(2): 257–271.
961:
934:(4): 805–810.
911:
864:
831:
812:
777:(2): 163–184.
757:
732:
731:
729:
726:
725:
724:
719:
714:
707:
704:
655:trauma centers
638:
635:
629:
626:
606:
603:
590:
587:
570:
567:
540:
537:
536:
535:
525:
521:
515:
509:
501:
482:
479:
478:
477:
459:
449:
446:
443:
428:
404:
401:
400:
399:
380:
365:
362:
350:
343:
331:
328:
296:
295:
288:
283:
277:
272:
258:
255:
252:
229:
226:
191:cardiac muscle
178:
175:
141:osteoarthritis
117:proprioception
108:
105:
103:
100:
50:
49:
44:
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3843:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3796:
3795:Wound healing
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:Complications
3720:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3678:Facial trauma
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3642:Gunshot wound
3640:
3638:
3637:Electrocution
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3499:Bone fracture
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3441:Trauma center
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3333:Resuscitation
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3293:
3288:
3286:
3281:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3140:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3091:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3034:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
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2940:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
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2833:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
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2779:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2722:
2714:
2710:
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2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
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2648:
2642:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
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2585:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
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2529:
2521:
2507:
2503:
2499:
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2464:
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2456:
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2448:
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2408:
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2400:
2396:
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2376:
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2327:
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2298:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
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2258:
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2239:
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2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2194:
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2190:
2188:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1981:Ophthalmology
1978:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1865:
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1854:
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1846:
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1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1806:
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1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1759:
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1727:
1720:
1712:
1708:
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1700:
1696:
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1673:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
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1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
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1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1157:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1127:
1125:0-13-084584-1
1121:
1117:
1110:
1102:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1077:
1068:
1066:0-8247-0537-8
1062:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
965:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
918:
916:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
868:
860:
856:
850:
842:
838:
834:
828:
824:
823:
816:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
761:
747:
743:
737:
733:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
709:
703:
701:
697:
693:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
634:
625:
622:
621:Skin-grafting
618:
615:
611:
602:
598:
594:
586:
582:
578:
575:
566:
563:
559:
556:
552:
549:
545:
533:
529:
526:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
502:
499:
496:
495:
494:
490:
488:
475:
471:
467:
463:
460:
457:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
437:
433:
430:Residence in
429:
426:
422:
418:
417:
416:
413:
410:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
378:
374:
370:
366:
363:
360:
356:
351:
348:
344:
341:
338:A history of
337:
336:
335:
327:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
293:
289:
287:
284:
282:
278:
276:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
253:
251:
247:
243:
242:
241:
238:
235:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
133:reaction time
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
76:
73:
68:
64:
60:
56:
48:
45:
43:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
3816:Traumatology
3703:
3673:Chest injury
3632:Crush injury
3622:Blunt trauma
3617:Blast injury
3539:Pneumothorax
3323:Traumatology
3318:Major trauma
3225:
3221:
3211:
3200:. Retrieved
3196:
3187:
3154:
3150:
3139:
3104:
3100:
3090:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3003:(1): 65–70.
3000:
2996:
2986:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2896:
2892:
2882:
2839:
2835:
2825:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2738:(1): 42–46.
2735:
2731:
2721:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2655:. Retrieved
2653:. 2019-02-01
2650:
2641:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2554:(1): 77–86.
2551:
2547:
2537:
2527:
2520:
2509:. Retrieved
2489:
2485:
2475:
2434:
2430:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2346:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2207:
2203:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2041:
2037:
2027:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1878:
1874:
1828:
1824:
1813:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1229:
1225:
1201:. Retrieved
1197:
1188:
1177:. Retrieved
1173:
1164:
1145:
1115:
1109:
1085:
1056:
1050:
1031:
978:
974:
964:
931:
927:
881:
877:
867:
821:
815:
774:
770:
760:
749:. Retrieved
745:
736:
696:hypertension
677:response to
640:
631:
619:
614:pain control
608:
599:
595:
592:
583:
579:
572:
560:
553:
546:
542:
491:
484:
474:malnutrition
464:, decreased
432:mobile homes
414:
406:
333:
324:
316:vasodilators
297:
239:
231:
203:
180:
123:and overall
110:
102:Risk Factors
77:
75:from falls.
57:refers to a
54:
53:
3744:Contracture
3697:Demographic
3683:Head injury
3529:Flail chest
3451:Trauma team
2651:www.cdc.gov
746:www.who.int
722:Elder abuse
717:Gerontology
675:tachycardic
659:vital signs
481:Elder Abuse
438:or central
158:clopidogrel
149:medications
92:medications
3821:Geriatrics
3810:Categories
3652:Stab wound
3534:Hemothorax
3460:Procedures
3419:Principles
3412:Management
3373:NACA score
3347:Assessment
3313:Polytrauma
3306:Principles
3202:2021-09-20
3193:"UpToDate"
2657:2021-09-13
2511:2021-09-20
1203:2021-09-13
1194:"UpToDate"
1179:2021-09-13
1170:"UpToDate"
751:2021-09-11
728:References
712:Senescence
679:hemorrhage
667:heart rate
528:Depression
506:ADLs/IADLs
498:Loneliness
286:Depression
84:disability
3610:Mechanism
3504:Degloving
3258:153306286
3242:0736-4679
3171:1529-8809
3113:1592-9558
3064:1532-5415
3017:0098-7484
2970:0025-7125
2913:1476-6256
2856:1545-861X
2809:0305-4179
2752:1472-0213
2713:205492388
2697:1531-2291
2615:0090-0036
2568:1538-3598
2451:1532-5415
2391:1532-5415
2330:0098-7484
2281:0305-4179
2224:1353-8047
2162:1559-047X
2115:0305-4179
2058:1526-632X
2038:Neurology
2001:1549-4713
1944:1060-0280
1897:1079-5006
1845:0098-7484
1797:0146-0404
1750:1532-5415
1703:2163-0755
1648:0002-8614
1593:1474-547X
1538:0002-8614
1491:0002-9262
1444:1538-3679
1397:1079-5006
1350:0025-7125
1293:0735-6757
1246:1529-8809
1011:233278820
995:1558-0539
948:0022-5282
898:0022-5282
849:cite book
841:853286850
791:0031-6997
466:dexterity
423:, absent
304:hypnotics
300:sedatives
275:Arthritis
262:cataracts
218:cognition
80:morbidity
42:Specialty
3768:Embolism
3250:31078345
3179:20938267
3131:28289356
3082:18312314
2978:16962843
2931:23548756
2874:32644982
2817:11525852
2770:16381081
2705:22377505
2576:17200478
2467:13579189
2459:26312573
2399:17944895
2242:10385837
2170:18849831
2123:11525852
2076:23150533
2019:26459997
1962:24473486
1905:10719769
1766:45721546
1711:21537212
1664:18185642
1656:15341551
1609:33528302
1601:25255696
1554:23330849
1546:17087690
1452:19933955
1358:16962843
1311:26795891
1254:21537212
1003:33863458
906:15211139
799:15169926
706:See also
628:Outcomes
593:Source:
532:dementia
470:sedative
462:Dementia
392:glaucoma
292:dementia
266:glaucoma
250:diabetes
232:Because
214:eyesight
154:warfarin
3550:Cardio
3122:5347309
3073:2645621
3025:8416408
2922:3816345
2865:7732363
2761:2564127
2633:1609903
2624:1694056
2506:7632211
2407:6587602
2338:9701077
2289:7794502
2233:1730498
2178:3695845
2067:3511919
2010:4695303
1953:3965581
1853:7715061
1805:8407219
1758:9588367
1499:1903589
1405:7614243
1302:6785031
956:9783625
807:9948208
687:anxiety
452:Smoking
377:opioids
222:hearing
205:Atrophy
121:balance
63:elderly
3661:Region
3585:Neuro
3488:Injury
3328:Triage
3299:Trauma
3256:
3248:
3240:
3177:
3169:
3129:
3119:
3111:
3080:
3070:
3062:
3023:
3015:
2976:
2968:
2929:
2919:
2911:
2872:
2862:
2854:
2815:
2807:
2768:
2758:
2750:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2631:
2621:
2613:
2574:
2566:
2504:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2405:
2397:
2389:
2336:
2328:
2287:
2279:
2240:
2230:
2222:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2121:
2113:
2074:
2064:
2056:
2017:
2007:
1999:
1960:
1950:
1942:
1903:
1895:
1851:
1843:
1803:
1795:
1764:
1756:
1748:
1709:
1701:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1573:Lancet
1552:
1544:
1536:
1497:
1489:
1450:
1442:
1403:
1395:
1356:
1348:
1309:
1299:
1291:
1252:
1244:
1152:
1122:
1097:
1091:279–87
1063:
1038:
1009:
1001:
993:
954:
946:
904:
896:
839:
829:
805:
797:
789:
643:triage
442:areas.
394:, and
384:stroke
375:, and
318:, and
314:, and
294:
3520:Resp
3254:S2CID
2709:S2CID
2463:S2CID
2403:S2CID
2174:S2CID
2095:Burns
1762:S2CID
1660:S2CID
1605:S2CID
1550:S2CID
1007:S2CID
803:S2CID
700:shock
685:, or
589:Burns
574:Falls
569:Falls
562:Burns
548:Falls
440:urban
436:rural
403:Burns
373:SSRIs
340:falls
268:, or
234:falls
228:Falls
183:aging
88:death
3627:Burn
3495:MSK
3246:PMID
3238:ISSN
3175:PMID
3167:ISSN
3127:PMID
3109:ISSN
3078:PMID
3060:ISSN
3021:PMID
3013:ISSN
2997:JAMA
2974:PMID
2966:ISSN
2927:PMID
2909:ISSN
2870:PMID
2852:ISSN
2813:PMID
2805:ISSN
2766:PMID
2748:ISSN
2701:PMID
2693:ISSN
2629:PMID
2611:ISSN
2572:PMID
2564:ISSN
2548:JAMA
2502:PMID
2455:PMID
2447:ISSN
2395:PMID
2387:ISSN
2334:PMID
2326:ISSN
2308:JAMA
2285:PMID
2277:ISSN
2238:PMID
2220:ISSN
2166:PMID
2158:ISSN
2119:PMID
2111:ISSN
2072:PMID
2054:ISSN
2015:PMID
1997:ISSN
1958:PMID
1940:ISSN
1901:PMID
1893:ISSN
1849:PMID
1841:ISSN
1825:JAMA
1801:PMID
1793:ISSN
1754:PMID
1746:ISSN
1707:PMID
1699:ISSN
1652:PMID
1644:ISSN
1597:PMID
1589:ISSN
1542:PMID
1534:ISSN
1495:PMID
1487:ISSN
1448:PMID
1440:ISSN
1401:PMID
1393:ISSN
1354:PMID
1346:ISSN
1307:PMID
1289:ISSN
1250:PMID
1242:ISSN
1150:ISBN
1120:ISBN
1095:ISBN
1086:ITLS
1061:ISBN
1036:ISBN
999:PMID
991:ISSN
952:PMID
944:ISSN
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