158:
1373:". The "Soviet people" were said to be a "new historical, social, and international community of people having a common territory, economy, and socialist content; a culture that reflected the particularities of multiple nationalities; a federal state; and a common ultimate goal: the construction of communism." Russian was meant to become the common language of this community, considering the role that Russian was playing for the nations and nationalities of the Soviet Union. However, in 1978, Soviet authorities had to face the opposition of thousands of Georgians, who gathered in downtown Tbilisi to hold mass demonstration after Soviet officials accepted removal of the constitutional status of the
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790:
1798:
904:
1786:
1762:
843:
1398:
287:
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173:
818:
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804:
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1420:). On 9 April 1989, Soviet troops were used to break up a peaceful demonstration at the government building in Tbilisi. Twenty Georgians were killed and hundreds wounded. The event radicalised Georgian politics, prompting many—even some Georgian communists—to conclude that independence was preferable to Soviet unity and would provide Georgia with a chance to fully integrate both South Ossetia and Abkhazia, whose peoples were still loyal to the Union.
1320:
1381:
on April 14, 1978, Moscow approved
Shevardnadze's reinstatement of the constitutional guarantee the same year. April 14 was established as a Day of the Georgian Language. In 1981, massive celebrations took place in honour of the republic's 60th anniversary, with a mass event taking place in front of
1346:
officials to build their own regional power base. A thriving pseudo-capitalist shadow economy emerged alongside the official state-owned economy. While the official growth rate of the economy of the
Georgia was among the lowest in the USSR, such indicators as savings level, rates of car and house
276:
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ownership were the highest in the Union, making
Georgia one of the most economically successful Soviet republics. Among all the union republics, Georgia had the highest number of residents with high or special secondary education.
1416:. Towards the end of the late 1980s, increasingly violent clashes occurred between the Communist authorities, the resurgent Georgian nationalist movement and nationalist movements in Georgia's minority-populated regions (notably
245:
1366:. Shevardnadze ascended to the post of First Secretary with the blessings of Moscow. He was an effective and able ruler of Georgia from 1972 to 1985, improving the official economy and dismissing hundreds of corrupt officials.
1452:
1423:
On
October 28, 1990, democratic parliamentary elections were held. On November 14 a transitional period was declared until the restoration of Georgia's independence and in this regard, the republic changed its name to
1463:
in August, which was supported by a declining number of hardliners. However, this was unrecognized by the Soviet government and
Georgia remained a part of the Soviet Union until its collapse in December 1991.
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272:
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never reached as far as
Georgia. The country contributed almost 700,000 fighters (350,000 were killed) to the Red Army, and was a vital source of textiles and munitions. During this period
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was signed, which established the common borders between Turkey and the three
Transcaucasian republics of the Soviet Union. Georgian SSR was forced to cede Georgian-dominated
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623:
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in the course of the 19th century. The
Georgian SSR was formed in 1921 and subsequently incorporated in the Soviet Union in 1922. Until 1936 it was a part of the
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On 14 November 1990, article 6 on the monopoly of the
Communist Party of Georgia on power was excluded from the Constitution of the Georgian SSR
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However, Georgia was invaded by
Bolshevik troops in early 1921, and a Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) was proclaimed on 25 February.
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is not estimated, but some scholars suggest it varies from 30,000 to 60,000. During the purges, many eminent Georgian intellectuals such as
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1358:, the country's interior minister between 1964 and 1972, gained a reputation as a fighter of corruption and engineered the removal of
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1311:. He also abolished their respective autonomous republics. The Georgian SSR was briefly granted some of their territory until 1957.
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took over the country and proclaimed the establishment of the Georgian SSR. Some small-scale battles between Bolshevik troops and
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within the USSR. From November 18, 1989, the Georgian SSR declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. The republic was renamed the
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1937:
From Conflict to Autonomy in the Caucasus: The Soviet Union and the making of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Nagorno Karabakh
1133:
In 1922 the Georgian SSR was incorporated into Soviet Union. From March 12, 1922, to December 5, 1936, it was part of the
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Avalishvili, Levan: "The “Great Terror” of 1937–1938 in Georgia: Between the Two Reports of Lavrentiy Beria" in the
1335:'s policy of de-Stalinization that was accompanied by an offhanded remark he made about Georgians at the end of his
3222:
3164:
2175:
1417:
1354:, it became so widespread and blatant in Georgia that it came to be an embarrassment to the authorities in Moscow.
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also took place in Western Georgia. In March 1921 the government of the Georgian Democratic Republic was forced in
942:, it was based on the traditional territory of Georgia, which had existed as a series of independent states in the
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1706:"Закон об объявлении переходного периода в республике Грузия — Российский правовой портал: Библиотека Пашкова"
1616:
1572:. Geronti Kikodze (1954) Notes of a Contemporary, first published in 1989, Mnatobi, Issue 1, Tbilisi, Georgia.
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1050:, multi-party system, but faced some internal and external problems. Georgia was dragged into wars against
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on the basis of the Independence Act of 26 May 1918. The majority of voters voted in favor of the act.
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The decentralisation program introduced by Khrushchev in the mid-1950s was soon exploited by Georgian
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1840:(October 1988), "The Establishment of Soviet Power in Transcaucasia: The Case of Georgia 1921–1928",
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Shevardnadze's appointment as Soviet Foreign Minister in 1985 brought his replacement in Georgia by
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Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus – Case in Georgia
1518:
1059:
907:
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1542:
1157:. In 1936, the TSFSR was dissolved and Georgia became the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
1026:
was formed, though it only lasted for a month before being replaced by three new states: the
2782:
2459:
1412:, a conservative and generally ineffective Communist who coped poorly with the challenges of
1180:
2064:
1660:
1082:. On 25 February, after a one-week offence by the Red Army, Tbilisi fell to the Bolsheviks.
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2685:
1252:
1216:
1200:
524:
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445:
424:
2010:
1094:. On March 2 of the following year the first constitution of Soviet Georgia was accepted.
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2018:
1997:
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1880:
The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939
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1821:
Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus
1654:
1611:, ‘The "Second Economy" of the USSR’, Problems of Communism, vol. 26 no. 5, 1977,
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2015:
The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus
1211:
officials also suffered the purges. Many prominent Georgian Bolsheviks, such as
3337:
1816:
1268:
1264:
1232:
1192:
1098:
1055:
955:
2052:
Anchabadze, George: "Mass Terror in the USSR: The Story of One Family" in the
1853:
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3500:
3395:
3372:
3330:
3242:
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1688:"საქართველოს გასაბჭოების 60 წლისთვისადმი მიძღვნილი საზეიმო დემონსტრაცია 1981"
1437:
1370:
1272:
1260:
745:
457:
439:
421:
404:
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341:
1955:
Familiar Strangers: The Georgian Diaspora and the Evolution of Soviet Empire
3525:
3358:
3310:
1767:
Map of the Georgian & Abkhazian Socialist Soviet Republics in 1922–1931
1304:
1248:
1176:
292:
3495:
1725:
1413:
1256:
1114:
1428:". Georgia (excluding Abkhazia) was one of the six republics along with
3537:
1280:
1062:
in rural regions accounted for some Soviet-backed peasants' revolts in
865:
1120:
970:
on April 9, 1991, whereupon each former SSR became a sovereign state.
229:
Sakartvelos sabch’ota sotsialist’uri resp’ublik’is sakhelmts’ipo himni
3450:
2983:
2329:
1319:
1288:
1067:
978:
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3108:
2541:
2404:
1996:(Second ed.), Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press,
1705:
1386:
1377:
as Georgia's sole official state language. Bowing to pressure from
1369:
In the 1970s Soviet authorities adopted a new policy of forming a "
1292:
1276:
1244:
943:
749:
466:
448:
321:
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1726:Референдум о восстановлении независимости Грузии 31 марта 1991 г.
1649:
1300:
1079:
1071:
1019:
861:
333:
1446:
referendum was held on the restoration of Georgia's independence
3315:
3083:
2644:
2624:
2366:
1973:
Red Nations: The Nationalities Experience in and after the USSR
1919:
Stalin and His Hangmen: The Tyrant and Those Who Killed for Him
1308:
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1106:
1011:
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873:
251:
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as one of the republics to secede just four months before the
2094:
1204:
1063:
225:საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკის სახელმწიფო ჰიმნი
1694:
from the original on 2021-12-12 – via www.youtube.com.
1738:"АКТ о Восстановлении Государственной Независимости Грузии"
1046:
come to power in Georgia. It tried to establish a moderate
1803:
Map of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1957–1991
1791:
Map of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1944–1955
1779:
Map of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1931–1943
1975:, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press,
1129:
Members of the first Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR
2328:
2040:
Georgia, land of the Golden Fleece, reveals its riches
934:
from its second occupation (by Russia) in 1921 to its
1525:
Gruzinskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika
1523:
1263:, an ethnic Georgian, ordered the deportation of the
981:
to the west. Within the Soviet Union it bordered the
2043:
a propaganda pamphlet about the GSSR from the 1960s.
1957:, Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press,
1585:
The Lesser Terror: Soviet State Security, 1939-1953
1121:
Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republics
952:
Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
824:
Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
1175:The exact number of Georgians executed during the
233:"Anthem of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic"
1506:sakartvelos sabch'ota sotsialist'uri resp'ublik'a
1352:corruption was hardly unknown in the Soviet Union
973:Geographically, the Georgian SSR was bordered by
3597:
1514:Грузинская Советская Социалистическая Республика
95:Грузинская Советская Социалистическая Республика
1364:First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party
938:. Coterminous with the present-day republic of
2061:Georgian museum of Soviet Occupation, Tbilisi.
1882:, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press,
1493:
1440:who boycotted participation in the March 1991
1167:(OGPU) and was transferred to Moscow in 1938.
115:
79:
43:
27:Union republic of the Soviet Union (1921–1991)
3681:States and territories disestablished in 1991
2557:
2314:
2080:
1628:. Department of Peace and Conflict Research,
1329:about a hundred Georgian students were killed
1145:. During this period the province was led by
1078:invaded Georgia from the south and headed to
1024:Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
129:
93:
57:
2017:, New York City: New York University Press,
1247:oilfields was one of the main objectives of
59:Социалистическая Советская Республика Грузия
3691:1991 disestablishments in Georgia (country)
1588:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 102.
1495:საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა
1392:
81:საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა
45:საქართველოს სოციალისტური საბჭოთა რესპუბლიკა
3696:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
3676:States and territories established in 1921
2564:
2550:
2321:
2307:
2087:
2073:
1653:; James Nichol; Darrell L. Slider (1996).
1163:became head of the Georgian branch of the
1074:. In 1921, the crisis came to a head. The
285:
1721:
1719:
1539:The Europa World Year Book 2004, Volume I
3686:1921 establishments in Georgia (country)
1916:
1895:
1859:
1396:
1323:Workers at a factory in the Georgian SSR
1318:
1124:
902:
2009:
1934:
1815:
1581:
1117:within Georgian SSR under Soviet rule.
962:on November 14, 1990, and subsequently
214:"Proletarians of all countries, unite!"
14:
3598:
1877:
1716:
203:Proletarebo qvela kveqnisa, sheertdit!
193:პროლეტარებო ყველა ქვეყნისა, შეერთდით!
2545:
2302:
2068:
1970:
1952:
1901:Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia
1836:
1314:
1235:were removed from office and killed.
1058:, while the rapid spread of ideas of
810:Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia
291:Location of Georgia (red) within the
2571:
1988:
1255:in June 1941, but the armies of the
36:Socialist Soviet Republic of Georgia
1307:for alleged collaboration with the
24:
3606:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
2856:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
1442:union-wide preservation referendum
1389:on Tbilisi's Constitution Square.
916:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
72:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
25:
3707:
3621:20th century in Georgia (country)
2706:Unification of the Georgian realm
2054:Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 22
2048:Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 22
2032:
1994:The Making of the Georgian Nation
1632:. p. 149. University of Uppsala,
1165:Joint State Political Directorate
946:prior to the first occupation of
2951:
2825:Absorption by the Russian Empire
2530:
1796:
1784:
1772:
1760:
1656:Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia
1006:On November 28, 1917, after the
1001:
841:
816:
802:
788:
268:
241:
171:
156:
1921:, New York City: Random House,
1808:
1730:
1402:Flag of the Republic of Georgia
1331:when they demonstrated against
1238:
968:dissolution of the Soviet Union
729:• Independence recognized
3611:Communism in Georgia (country)
2841:Democratic Republic of Georgia
2508:Democratic Republic of Georgia
1862:The Caucasus Under Soviet Rule
1698:
1680:
1643:
1602:
1575:
1566:
1531:
1505:
1482:
1473:
1036:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
796:Democratic Republic of Georgia
645:Soviet invasion and occupation
13:
1:
3631:Republics of the Soviet Union
2096:Republics of the Soviet Union
1659:. DIANE Publishing. pp.
1461:failed coup against Gorbachev
1203:were executed or sent to the
1149:, the first secretary of the
932:republics of the Soviet Union
325:independent state (1990–1991)
3101:Russian-occupied territories
2932:Timeline of Georgian history
2287:Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR
2059:საქართველოს ეროვნული მუზეუმი
1939:, New York City: Routledge,
1864:, New York City: Routledge,
1740:. www.rrc.ge. Archived from
1467:
1028:Georgian Democratic Republic
693:• Sovereignty declared
7:
1524:
1016:Transcaucasian Commissariat
10:
3712:
3671:1990s in Georgia (country)
3666:1980s in Georgia (country)
3661:1970s in Georgia (country)
3656:1960s in Georgia (country)
3651:1950s in Georgia (country)
3646:1940s in Georgia (country)
3641:1930s in Georgia (country)
3636:1920s in Georgia (country)
3626:Post–Russian Empire states
3616:Former socialist republics
2660:Christianization of Iberia
1903:, London: Reaktion Books,
1379:mass street demonstrations
1155:Communist Party of Georgia
1151:Georgian Central Committee
996:
977:to the south-west and the
3557:
3488:
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3287:
3218:
3209:
3135:
3126:
3099:
3059:
2969:
2960:
2949:
2894:
2833:
2815:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
2788:Principality of Mingrelia
2668:
2592:
2583:
2528:
2498:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
2490:
2450:Principality of Mingrelia
2430:
2375:
2344:
2340:
2255:
2232:
2194:
2153:
2110:
2103:
1917:Rayfield, Donald (2004),
1854:10.1080/09668138808411783
1582:Parrish, Michael (1996).
1545:(45th ed.). London:
1513:
1494:
1170:
1032:First Republic of Armenia
910:of the Georgian SSR, 1923
879:
857:
767:
756:
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80:
58:
44:
34:
3069:Administrative divisions
2810:Shah Abbas I's invasions
2773:Principality of Abkhazia
2716:First Kingdom of Kakheti
2482:Principality of Samtskhe
2455:Principality of Abkhazia
2417:First Kingdom of Kakheti
1935:Saparov, Arsène (2015),
1823:, London: Curzon Press,
1393:End of the Soviet period
2778:Principality of Svaneti
2701:Kingdom of the Iberians
2605:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
2465:Principality of Svaneti
1953:Scott, Erik R. (2016),
1860:Marshall, Alex (2010),
1549:. 2004 . p. 1806.
1097:On 13 October 1921 the
1060:revolutionary socialism
1044:Social Democratic Party
1040:parliamentary elections
908:Order of the Red Banner
889:
882:
2676:Principality of Iberia
2385:Principality of Iberia
1971:Smith, Jeremy (2013),
1878:Martin, Terry (2001),
1624:June 30, 2007, at the
1543:Europa World Year Book
1455:on 9 April 1991 under
1444:. On 31 March 1991, a
1405:
1324:
1130:
911:
117:საქართველოს რესპუბლიკა
2820:1795 Persian Invasion
2783:Principality of Guria
2460:Principality of Guria
1453:declared independence
1400:
1322:
1189:Vakhtang Kotetishvili
1181:Mikheil Javakhishvili
1128:
989:to the south and the
954:, which existed as a
906:
718:Independence declared
371:Common languages
355:41.72250°N 44.79250°E
3416:World Heritage Sites
2999:Environmental issues
1615:Cornell, Svante E.,
1253:invasion of the USSR
1217:Mamia Orakhelashvili
1201:Dimitri Shevardnadze
1113:, which was granted
1054:and remnants of the
936:independence in 1991
499:Mamia Orakhelashvili
2866:Independent Georgia
2696:Kingdom of Abkhazia
2610:Kura–Araxes culture
2600:Prehistoric Georgia
2390:Kingdom of Abkhazia
2256:Non-union republics
2246:Transcaucasian SFSR
1990:Suny, Ronald Grigor
1690:. 8 November 2017.
1547:Europa Publications
1426:Republic of Georgia
1356:Eduard Shevardnadze
1221:Sergo Ordzhonikidze
1135:Transcaucasian SFSR
1084:Georgian Bolsheviks
993:to the south-east.
960:Republic of Georgia
705:Republic of Georgia
610:Besarion Gugushvili
351: /
311:Transcaucasian SFSR
108:Republic of Georgia
3258:Telecommunications
2886:Russo-Georgian War
2800:Kingdom of Kakheti
2768:Kingdom of Imereti
2763:Turkmen incursions
2758:Samtskhe atabegate
2721:Kingdom of Georgia
2691:Emirate of Tbilisi
2681:Bagrationi dynasty
2477:Kingdom of Kakheti
2445:Kingdom of Imereti
2440:Kingdom of Georgia
2422:Emirate of Tbilisi
2399:Principalities of
2332:states throughout
2240:Karelo-Finnish SSR
2011:Zürcher, Christoph
1817:Cornell, Svante E.
1457:Zviad Gamsakhurdia
1410:Jumber Patiashvili
1406:
1337:anti-Stalin speech
1327:On March 9, 1956,
1325:
1315:Post-Stalin period
1137:together with the
1131:
1115:political autonomy
1022:. On April 22 the
1008:October Revolution
985:to the north, the
964:became independent
912:
703:• Renamed to
573:Head of government
562:Zviad Gamsakhurdia
431:socialist republic
360:41.72250; 44.79250
3593:
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3552:
3446:Ethnic minorities
3375:
3368:
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3283:
3282:
3205:
3204:
3187:Political parties
3150:Foreign relations
3122:
3121:
2947:
2946:
2851:Red Army invasion
2795:Kingdom of Kartli
2753:Timur's invasions
2736:Battle of Didgori
2711:Kingdom of Hereti
2640:Kingdom of Iberia
2539:
2538:
2526:
2525:
2503:Republic of Guria
2472:Kingdom of Kartli
2412:Kingdom of Hereti
2296:
2295:
2228:
2227:
2024:978-0-81-479709-9
2003:978-0-25-320915-3
1982:978-0-52-112870-4
1964:978-0-19-939637-5
1946:978-0-41-565802-7
1928:978-0-37-575771-6
1910:978-1-78-023030-6
1889:978-0-80-143813-4
1871:978-0-41-541012-0
1838:Jones, Stephen F.
1830:978-0-70-071162-8
1712:. 6 January 2010.
1522:
1384:General Secretary
1375:Georgian language
1360:Vasil Mzhavanadze
1333:Nikita Khrushchev
1291:peoples from the
930:, was one of the
901:
900:
892:South Ossetian AO
853:
852:
849:
848:
829:
828:
656:• Formation
554:• 1990–1991
547:Filipp Makharadze
539:• 1922–1923
506:• 1989–1990
491:• 1921–1922
464:semi-presidential
305:independent state
277:
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131:Республика Грузия
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3074:Cities and towns
3009:Greater Caucasus
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2917:Military history
2902:Names of Georgia
2748:Mongol invasions
2620:Colchian culture
2615:Trialeti culture
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2215:Lithuanian SSR
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1848:(4): 616–639,
1842:Soviet Studies
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1193:Paolo Iashvili
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1099:Treaty of Kars
1056:Ottoman Empire
1014:, there was a
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920:Soviet Georgia
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2516:
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2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:Modern period
2489:
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2473:
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2466:
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2458:
2456:
2453:
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2435:
2431:High and Late
2429:
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2413:
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2398:
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2261:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2220:Moldavian SSR
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2145:Ukrainian SSR
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2109:
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2097:
2090:
2085:
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2070:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1855:
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1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1799:
1794:
1787:
1782:
1775:
1770:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1744:on 2012-11-20
1743:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1676:
1672:
1670:0-7881-2813-2
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1639:
1638:91-506-1600-5
1635:
1631:
1630:Report No. 61
1627:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1597:
1595:0-275-95113-8
1591:
1587:
1586:
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1556:1-85743-254-1
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1526:
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1502:
1491:
1485:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1438:Baltic States
1435:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1418:South Ossetia
1415:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:Soviet people
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1261:Joseph Stalin
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:Reaching the
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
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1140:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1088:Georgian Army
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:11th Red Army
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1002:Establishment
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
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933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
909:
905:
893:
886:
881:
878:
875:
871:
867:
863:
860:
858:Today part of
856:
840:
838:
835:
834:
831:
825:
822:
815:
814:
811:
808:
801:
800:
797:
794:
787:
786:
783:
782:
779:
776:
774:
771:
770:
766:
762:
759:
755:
751:
747:
746:Soviet rouble
744:
740:
736:
732:
726:
722:
719:
713:
709:
706:
700:
696:
690:
686:
682:
676:
672:
669:
663:
659:
653:
649:
646:
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636:
632:
628:
625:
622:
618:
614:
611:
608:
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584:
580:
576:
574:
570:
566:
563:
560:
551:
548:
545:
536:
532:
528:
526:
525:Head of state
522:
518:
515:
512:
503:
500:
497:
488:
484:
480:
478:
474:
468:
465:
462:
459:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:parliamentary
444:
441:
437:
434:
432:
429:
426:
423:
419:
416:
415:
413:
409:
406:
405:State atheism
403:
399:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
373:
369:
364:
335:
332:
328:
324:
323:
317:
312:
306:
302:
298:
294:
288:
283:
257:
253:
230:
226:
222:
218:
209:
204:
198:
192:
188:
180:
174:
165:
159:
151:
146:
139:
125:
103:
89:
67:
53:
33:
30:
19:
3526:Saint George
3511:Coat of arms
3477:
3433:Demographics
3420:
3306:Architecture
3272:
3228:Central bank
3160:Human rights
3140:Constitution
3088:
3061:Subdivisions
3048:
2936:
2855:
2846:Armenian War
2513:Georgian SSR
2512:
2269:Bukharan SSR
2263:SSR Abkhazia
2205:Estonian SSR
2158:Russian SFSR
2140:Russian SFSR
2135:Georgian SSR
2134:
2120:Armenian SSR
2039:
2014:
1993:
1972:
1954:
1936:
1918:
1900:
1879:
1861:
1845:
1841:
1820:
1809:Bibliography
1746:. Retrieved
1742:the original
1732:
1709:
1700:
1682:
1674:
1655:
1645:
1629:
1617:
1612:
1604:
1584:
1577:
1568:
1560:
1538:
1533:
1484:
1475:
1450:
1422:
1407:
1368:
1349:
1341:
1326:
1305:Central Asia
1295:; they were
1249:Adolf Hitler
1242:
1239:World War II
1225:Budu Mdivani
1177:Great Purges
1174:
1159:
1139:Armenian SSR
1132:
1103:Artvin Okrug
1096:
1005:
987:Armenian SSR
983:Russian SFSR
972:
927:
926:, or simply
924:Georgian SSR
923:
919:
915:
913:
778:Succeeded by
777:
772:
757:Calling code
723:9 April 1991
602:• 1991
587:• 1922
453:
435:
417:
320:
309:Part of the
293:Soviet Union
255:
228:
220:
191:Motto:
190:
179:State emblem
29:
18:Georgian SSR
3468:Health care
3223:Agriculture
2994:Earthquakes
2731:Seljuk wars
2433:Middle Ages
2378:Middle Ages
2289:(1990–1991)
2283:(1990–1991)
2281:Abkhaz ASSR
2277:(1920–1924)
2275:Khorezm SSR
2271:(1920–1924)
2265:(1921–1931)
2248:(1922–1936)
2242:(1940–1956)
2233:Short-lived
2210:Latvian SSR
2195:Annexed in
2181:Kirghiz SSR
2171:Turkmen SSR
2098:(1922–1991)
1613:quoted from
1414:perestroika
1404:, 1990–2004
1297:transported
1257:Axis powers
1038:. The 1919
966:before the
773:Preceded by
763:881/882/883
620:Legislature
461:multi-party
443:multi-party
358: /
318:(1936–1991)
313:(1922–1936)
307:(1921–1922)
264:(1990–1991)
237:(1946–1990)
182:(1981–1990)
166:(1951–1990)
112:(1990–1991)
76:(1936–1990)
40:(1921–1936)
3600:Categories
3538:Saint Nino
3366:Mingrelian
3347:Languages
3182:Parliament
3155:Government
2743:Golden Age
2176:Kazakh SSR
1748:2019-12-10
1281:Karapapaks
948:annexation
866:Azerbaijan
683:dissolved
436:1990–1991:
418:1921–1990:
411:Government
391:Mingrelian
346:44°47′33″E
343:41°43′21″N
3451:Georgians
3441:Education
3391:Mythology
3268:Transport
3233:Companies
3192:President
3145:Elections
3044:Volcanoes
2984:Black Sea
2962:Geography
2871:Civil War
2686:Arab rule
2650:Roman era
2345:Antiquity
2186:Uzbek SSR
2166:Tajik SSR
2104:Principal
1675:Abkhazia.
1519:romanized
1501:romanized
1468:Footnotes
1350:Although
1289:Balkarian
1068:Samegrelo
979:Black Sea
428:one-party
401:Religion
3580:Category
3506:Borjgali
3461:Diaspora
3406:Religion
3352:Georgian
3343:Gambling
3301:Alphabet
3177:Military
3128:Politics
3109:Abkhazia
3004:Glaciers
2907:Monarchs
2895:By topic
2577:articles
2405:Klarjeti
2330:Georgian
2112:Founders
2013:(2007),
1992:(1994),
1899:(2012),
1819:(2001),
1692:Archived
1622:Archived
1490:Georgian
1451:Georgia
1436:and the
1387:Brezhnev
1293:Caucasus
1277:Karachay
1245:Caucasus
1141:and the
1042:saw the
1034:and the
944:Caucasus
742:Currency
467:republic
449:republic
387:Ossetian
375:Georgian
322:De facto
197:Georgian
124:Georgian
88:Georgian
52:Georgian
3564:Outline
3489:Symbols
3326:Cuisine
3289:Culture
3263:Tourism
3211:Economy
3084:Regions
3079:Tbilisi
3024:Mammals
2989:Climate
2974:Borders
2927:Battles
2635:Colchis
2630:Diauehi
2585:History
2573:Georgia
2518:Georgia
2357:Colchis
2352:Diauehi
2334:history
1521::
1510:Russian
1434:Moldova
1430:Armenia
1301:Siberia
1265:Chechen
1153:of the
1080:Tbilisi
1072:Dusheti
1052:Armenia
997:History
940:Georgia
928:Georgia
890:In the
883:In the
870:Georgia
862:Armenia
837:Georgia
748:(Rbl) (
716:•
679:•
666:•
643:•
630:History
589:(first)
541:(first)
493:(first)
458:Unitary
440:Unitary
422:Unitary
379:Russian
334:Tbilisi
330:Capital
260:"Glory"
221:Anthem:
138:Russian
102:Russian
66:Russian
3585:Portal
3496:Anthem
3411:Sports
3321:Cinema
3316:Chokha
3248:Mining
3238:Energy
3039:Rivers
2912:States
2834:Modern
2669:Middle
2645:Lazica
2625:Mushki
2575:
2403:&
2367:Lazica
2362:Iberia
2021:
2000:
1979:
1961:
1943:
1925:
1907:
1886:
1868:
1827:
1667:
1636:
1592:
1553:
1492::
1273:Ingush
1269:German
1171:Purges
1111:Adjara
1107:Turkey
1030:, the
1020:Tiflis
1012:Russia
975:Turkey
922:, the
874:Russia
633:
604:(last)
577:
556:(last)
529:
508:(last)
481:
383:Abkhaz
300:Status
256:Dideba
252:დიდება
223:
134:
120:
98:
84:
62:
48:
3571:Index
3543:cross
3531:cross
3521:Motto
3473:Women
3396:Names
3386:Music
3381:Media
3338:Dance
3014:Lakes
2979:Birds
2593:Early
2376:Early
1309:Nazis
1209:Party
1205:Gulag
1092:exile
1064:Racha
681:TSFSR
303:Semi-
3516:Flag
3479:more
3456:List
3422:more
3373:Svan
3331:Wine
3274:more
3165:LGBT
3090:more
3050:more
2938:more
2922:Wars
2197:1940
2156:the
2019:ISBN
1998:ISBN
1977:ISBN
1959:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1923:ISBN
1905:ISBN
1884:ISBN
1866:ISBN
1825:ISBN
1665:ISBN
1634:ISBN
1590:ISBN
1551:ISBN
1303:and
1287:and
1231:and
1199:and
1070:and
1048:left
914:The
395:Svan
164:Flag
3359:Laz
3311:Art
2401:Tao
1850:doi
1661:186
1299:to
1251:'s
1105:to
1010:in
750:SUR
3602::
1846:40
1844:,
1718:^
1708:.
1673:.
1663:.
1559:.
1541:.
1516:,
1512::
1508:;
1498:,
1432:,
1339:.
1283:,
1279:,
1275:,
1271:,
1267:,
1227:,
1223:,
1219:,
1215:,
1207:.
1195:,
1191:,
1187:,
1183:,
1066:,
761:+7
2565:e
2558:t
2551:v
2322:e
2315:t
2308:v
2088:e
2081:t
2074:v
1852::
1751:.
1640:.
1598:.
1528:)
1503::
1488:(
1424:"
894:.
887:.
752:)
210:)
206:(
199:)
195:(
140:)
136:(
126:)
122:(
104:)
100:(
90:)
86:(
68:)
64:(
54:)
50:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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