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Georgian architecture

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or more doors, and very large windows along the nave, but all with any ornament drawn from the classical vocabulary. Where funds permitted, a classical temple portico with columns and a pediment might be used at the west front. Interior decoration was generally chaste; however, walls often became lined with plaques and monuments to the more prosperous members of the congregation.
534:. The Georgian terraces of Dublin are noted for their almost uniform use of red brick, for example, whereas equivalent terraces in Edinburgh are constructed from stone. In America and other colonies wood remained very common, as its availability and cost-ratio with the other materials was more favourable. Raked roofs were mostly covered in earthenware tiles until 891:. American buildings of the Georgian period were very often constructed of wood with clapboards; even columns were made of timber, framed up, and turned on an oversized lathe. At the start of the period the difficulties of obtaining and transporting brick or stone made them a common alternative only in the larger cities, or where they were obtainable locally. 728:, often looking out at gardens or a park, was popular for terraces where space allowed. In early and central schemes of development, plots were sold and built on individually, though there was often an attempt to enforce some uniformity, but as development reached further out schemes were increasingly built as a uniform scheme and then sold. 858:
in 1776 for government offices, was as magnificent as any country house, though never quite finished, as funds ran out. Barracks and other less prestigious buildings could be as functional as the mills and factories that were growing increasingly large by the end of the period. But as the period came
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was generally wider and shorter than in medieval plans, and often there were no side-aisles. Galleries were common in new churches. Especially in country parishes, the external appearance generally retained the familiar signifiers of a Gothic church, with a tower or spire, a large west front with one
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In towns even most better-off people lived in terraced houses, which typically opened straight onto the street, often with a few steps up to the door. There was often an open space, protected by iron railings, dropping down to the basement level, with a discreet entrance down steps off the street for
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compromise between the terraced houses of the city and the detached "villas" further out, where land was cheaper. There had been occasional examples in town centres going back to medieval times. Most early suburban examples are large, and in what are now the outer fringes of Central London, but were
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Town terraced houses for all social classes remained resolutely tall and narrow, each dwelling occupying the whole height of the building. This contrasted with well-off continental dwellings, which had already begun to be formed of wide apartments occupying only one or two floors of a building; such
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Smaller houses in the country, such as vicarages, were simple regular blocks with visible raked roofs, and a central doorway, often the only ornamented area. Similar houses, often referred to as "villas" became common around the fringes of the larger cities, especially London, and detached houses in
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architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the
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in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form
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Internal courtyards became more rare, except beside the stables, and the functional parts of the building were placed at the sides, or in separate buildings nearby hidden by trees. The views to and from the front and rear of the main block were concentrated on, with the side approaches usually much
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floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block
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A similar phenomenon can be seen in the commonality of housing designs in Canada and the United States (though of a wider variety of styles) from the 19th century through the 1950s, using pattern books drawn up by professional architects that were distributed by lumber companies and hardware stores
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in London (1720), by Gibbs, who boldly added to the classical temple façade at the west end a large steeple on top of a tower, set back slightly from the main frontage. This formula shocked purists and foreigners, but became accepted and was very widely emulated, at home and in the colonies, for
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The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession; before the mid-century "the high-sounding title, 'architect' was adopted by anyone who could get away with it". This contrasted with earlier styles, which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct
201:. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English 684:. This meant that the ground floor front was now removed and protected from the street and encouraged the main reception rooms to move there from the floor above. Often, when a new street or set of streets was developed, the road and pavements were raised up, and the gardens or 181:
is generally used to describe all buildings from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range.
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style that it replaced, which was mostly used for palaces and churches, and had little representation in the British colonies, simpler Georgian styles were widely used by the upper and middle classes. Perhaps the best remaining house is the pristine
213:(uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before 597:, which was in force throughout the period in Great Britain. Some windows were subsequently bricked-in. Their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-height in the main rooms, making a small 208:
Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with
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In the colonies new churches were certainly required, and generally repeated similar formulae. British Non-conformist churches were often more classical in mood, and tended not to feel the need for a tower or steeple.
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to an end many commercial projects were becoming sufficiently large, and well-funded, to become "architectural in intention", rather than having their design left to the lesser class of "surveyors".
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or Neo-Georgian development of the early 20th century in Britain. Versions of the Neo-Georgian style were commonly used in Britain for certain types of urban architecture until the late 1950s,
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experience of the apprenticeship system. But most buildings were still designed by builders and landlords together, and the wide spread of Georgian architecture, and the Georgian styles of
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In the early decades of the twentieth century when there was a growing nostalgia for its sense of order, the style was revived and adapted and in the United States came to be known as the
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were among the few architects who continued the neo-Georgian style into the 1960s. Both in the United States and Britain, the Georgian style is still employed by architects like
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embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of their fealty to Britain, and the Georgian style was dominant in the country for most of the first half of the 19th century.
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and Roman Catholic places of worship greatly increased. Anglican churches that were built were designed internally to allow maximum audibility, and visibility, for
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began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Until the start of the
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supporters of the new dynasty, seems to have deliberately adopted German stylistic elements in their honour, especially vertical bands connecting the windows.
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of the early Victorian period. In the United States the Federalist Style contained many elements of Georgian style, but incorporated revolutionary symbols.
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Public buildings generally varied between the extremes of plain boxes with grid windows and Italian Late Renaissance palaces, depending on budget.
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The 1818 Act allocated some public money for new churches required to reflect changes in population, and a commission to allocate it. Building of
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desirable. Before this the internal plan and function of the rooms can generally not be deduced from the outside. To open these large windows the
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gathered pace in the 1820s, and continued until the 1850s. The early churches, falling into the Georgian period, show a high proportion of
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continued to be the usual main focus of rooms, and was now given a classical treatment, and increasingly topped by a painting or a mirror.
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ceilings, carved wood, and bold schemes of wallpaint formed a backdrop to increasingly rich collections of furniture, paintings,
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became very common for wealthy patrons in the period, and Italian influence remained dominant, though at the start of the period
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less important. The roof was typically invisible from the ground, though domes were sometimes visible in grander buildings. The
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gave primacy to the Eyre Estate of St John's Wood. A plan for this exists dated 1794, where "the whole development consists of
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was typical, with perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone
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was added to the repertory, beginning around 1750, but increasing in popularity after 1800. Leading exponents were
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Elizabeth McKellar, Professor of Architectural and Design History at the Open University (30 September 2016).
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of all kinds. Wood-panelling, very common since about 1500, fell from favour around the mid-century, and
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Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize
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became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a
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The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both
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After about 1840, Georgian conventions were slowly abandoned as a number of revival styles, including
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was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in
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for private residences. A debased form in commercial housing developments, especially in the
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worked on a significant number of remarkable constructions in the Georgian style such as the
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The Georgian style is highly variable, but marked by symmetry and proportion based on the
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represented the equivalent of Regency architecture, with which it had much in common.
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towns remained common, though only the very rich could afford them in central London.
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behind the houses remained at a lower level, usually representing the original one.
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continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a
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arrangements were only typical in England when housing groups of batchelors, as in
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Architectural styles current in the English-speaking world between c. 1714 and 1830
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Georgian architecture was widely disseminated in the English colonies during the
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Inside ornament was far more generous, and could sometimes be overwhelming. The
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from the 1760s, which by the end of the century had become the usual material.
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In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into
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was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as
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and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece.
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Summerson, see index on all these; Jenkins (2003), xv–xiv; Musson, 28–35
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are among the areas contesting being the original home of the semi. Sir
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in the early 18th century, but he adjusted his style after 1720. Major
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From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an
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after it was converted in 1802. In the period in question, only in
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in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the
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offer leading examples of Georgian architecture in the Americas.
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Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include
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current between 1714 and 1830. It is named after the first four
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in London was designed and built in the 1930s and is listed by
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modes were fashionable, associated with the British architects
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common, though lodgers were common in other cities. A curving
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For the unrelated architecture of the country of Georgia, see
3284: 3224: 3189: 3184: 3169: 3119: 2688: 2623: 936: 790:, from the North Wing entrance. Built for government offices. 523: 3274: 3194: 1602:, distinguishing among commercial buildings, Summerson, 252 807: 606: 362: 155: 2227:
The Development of the Architectural Profession in Britain
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are almost invariably used; brick is often disguised with
507:, he was responsible for designing large areas of London. 2215:. Reissued in paperback, Antique Collectors Club, 1986. 2673: 1645:. University Park, Pa.: Penn State University Press. 369:
to promote the change in direction from Baroque were
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that became part and parcel of the training of every
2157:(1945), 1988 revised edition, Barrie & Jenkins, 1486: 2728: 1362:(1815), exemplary of Georgian ornamental restraint 166:and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as 1674:The Center for Palladian Studies in America, Inc. 1102:of 1958 being a good example. Architects such as 862: 740:then in areas being built up for the first time. 3449: 1678:"Palladio and Patternbooks in Colonial America." 1436:in Colonial Georgian architecture, built in 1824 1270:'s masterpieces, in a largely Georgian setting: 842:buildings, along with the classically inspired. 274:more generally, came from dissemination through 2181:A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1933:Summerson, 57–72, 206–224; Jenkins (1999), xxii 827:in India. And in Dublin, the extremely similar 88:Classically proportioned 19th century Georgian 1564: 731:The late Georgian period saw the birth of the 680:servants and deliveries; this is known as the 138:The Georgian cities of the British Isles were 2659: 2286: 1088:, established in the 1920s, is an example of 1024: 617:was generally clear of ornament except for a 609:plans became universal inside larger houses. 1084:includes some examples. The British town of 975:, for example, is a Georgian manor built in 672:included very expensive imports from China. 402:, who spent most of his career in England. 2300: 1216:Georgian period townhouses in Pery Square, 2666: 2652: 2293: 2279: 246:large parts of the core of cities such as 1010:styles were developed in the period from 48:, England, with minimal classical detail. 1742:"Bricks - their part in the rise of man" 1034: 872: 781: 767: 690: 631: 554: 404: 96:(1820). Principal elevation, South Wing. 83: 67: 51: 36: 2165:. (Also see revised edition, edited by 14: 3450: 1571:. Gloucestershire: Pitkin Publishing. 2647: 2274: 1999:"You Didn't Know it was Neo-Georgian" 1638: 923:, designed by the colonial architect 545: 444:(1713 on), developed and occupied by 381:Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington 949:("The Four Books of Architecture"). 735:house, planned systematically, as a 420:modified in execution by Thomas Pitt 1796:Musson, 51; Bannister Fletcher, 420 1378:, London, with its gardens. 1810-15 845: 24: 2173: 1987:Summerson, 47, 252–262, 252 quoted 1530:Grainger Town, Newcastle upon Tyne 1201:, once used by the Prince Regent, 952:After independence, in the former 818:The archetypal Georgian church is 590:, or side wings around the court. 536:Richard Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn 228: 25: 3499: 3483:18th-century architectural styles 2675:Architecture of the United States 2031:"Sutton Lodge Day Centre website" 1565:St John Parker, Michael. (2013). 1004:Old Colonial Georgian residential 946:I quattro libri dell'architettura 880:(1819), Georgian architecture in 720:were working-class purpose-built 455:—and its whimsical alternatives, 373:, author of the influential book 290:to contractors and homebuilders. 29:Architecture of Georgia (country) 2404: 2264:The Anatomy of the Georgian Room 2234:A Field Guide to American Houses 2093:England's Thousand Best Churches 1489: 1464: 1441: 1426: 1421:built for D'Arcy Boulton in 1817 1407: 1383: 1367: 1344: 1324: 1309: 1283: 1259: 1233: 1209: 1190: 1171: 1148: 471:. From the mid-1760s a range of 223:Classical orders of architecture 2988:Sarasota School of Architecture 2232:McAlester, Virginia & Lee, 2037:from the original on 2014-10-16 2023: 2005: 1990: 1981: 1972: 1963: 1954: 1945: 1936: 1927: 1918: 1907: 1898: 1889: 1880: 1871: 1862: 1853: 1844: 1835: 1826: 1817: 1808: 1799: 1790: 1781: 1772: 1769:Musson, 31; Jenkins (2003), xiv 1763: 1754: 1734: 1725: 1716: 1707: 1704:Jenkins (2003), xiv; Musson, 31 1695:Summerson, 61–70, and see index 1203:George IV of the United Kingdom 282:. Authors such as the prolific 177:In the United States, the term 2255:). Reissued in paperback 1970. 2144:The Englishness of English Art 2110:England's Thousand Best Houses 2076:The Glory of the English House 1914:correspondence in The Guardian 1814:Jenkins (2003), xv; Musson, 31 1698: 1689: 1666: 1632: 1623: 1614: 1605: 1592: 1558: 1510:Jamaican Georgian architecture 1303:American colonial architecture 863:Colonial Georgian architecture 13: 1: 3478:American architectural styles 3113:Building types and vernacular 2051: 1046:as an important Neo-Georgian 1031:Colonial Revival architecture 1011: 758:pairs of semi-detached houses 708:colleges, the lawyers in the 172:Georgian Revival architecture 164:Colonial Revival architecture 56:Very grand terrace houses at 3468:British architectural styles 2078:, 1991, Barrie and Jenkins, 1778:Musson, 73-76; Summerson, 46 170:; in both it is also called 7: 2267:. Period Homes, March 2006. 2190:(Paul Mellon Centre), 2005. 2127:How to Read a Country House 1629:Summerson, 47–49, 47 quoted 1482: 1339:built between 1805 and 1811 993:Grand séminaire de Montréal 901:College of William and Mary 829:St. George's Church, Dublin 825:St Andrew's Church, Chennai 763: 538:led the development of the 442:Hanover Square, Westminster 64:and a profusion of columns. 10: 3504: 3079:New Classical architecture 2711:Colonial and post-colonial 1141: 1098:'s Police Headquarters in 1028: 1025:Post-Georgian developments 958:Federal-style architecture 866: 509:Greek Revival architecture 467:'s equivalent of European 278:and inexpensive suites of 105:English-speaking countries 103:is the name given in most 26: 3488:19th-century architecture 3424: 3298: 3112: 3016: 2876: 2828: 2802: 2764: 2709: 2681: 2632: 2513: 2485:National Trust properties 2413: 2402: 2308: 2066:A History of Architecture 1639:Reiff, Daniel D. (2001). 989:Old Montreal Custom House 983:, English-born architect 550: 328: 168:Neo-Georgian architecture 154:, and to a lesser extent 2998:Spanish Colonial Revival 2838:Richardsonian Romanesque 2619:English landscape garden 2188:Early Georgian Interiors 1568:Life in Georgian Britain 1552: 1458:Bradshaw Gass & Hope 1434:St James' Church, Sydney 1134:, is known in the UK as 1096:Bradshaw Gass & Hope 796:Church Building Act 1818 489:George Dance the Younger 295:architectural vernacular 237:, and rows of identical 199:Renaissance architecture 2302:Architecture of England 2249:Architecture in Britain 1951:Jenkins (1999), xx–xxii 1805:Bannister Fletcher, 420 1787:Bannister Fletcher, 420 1620:Summerson, 26–28, 73–86 969:United Empire Loyalists 854:in London, designed by 836:Commissioners' churches 820:St Martin-in-the-Fields 773:St Martin-in-the-Fields 695:Georgian townhouses on 540:slate industry in Wales 333:Georgian succeeded the 203:vernacular architecture 2931:Dutch Colonial Revival 2371:Strawberry Hill Gothic 2253:Pelican History of Art 1450:Chesterfield Town Hall 1417:, a Georgian manor in 1331:A former guildhall in 1317:Royal Exchange, Dublin 1251:, begun 1769, a large 1124:Robert Adam Architects 1059:Victorian architecture 1050: 884: 791: 779: 700: 649: 568:Palladian architecture 563: 465:English-speaking world 453:Palladian architecture 421: 187:classical architecture 97: 81: 65: 60:(1754), with basement 49: 41:Middle-class house in 3458:Georgian architecture 3175:Hall and parlor house 3135:Central-passage house 2956:Mediterranean Revival 2682:Native and indigenous 2205:Early Georgian Houses 2195:Georgian Architecture 2129:, 2005, Ebury Press, 2068:, 1901 edn., Batsford 1396:Park Crescent, London 1253:English country house 1038: 913:Hammond-Harwood House 876: 785: 771: 694: 635: 572:English country house 558: 408: 376:Vitruvius Britannicus 101:Georgian architecture 87: 71: 55: 40: 18:Georgian Architecture 3463:Architectural styles 3155:Critical regionalism 2848:American Renaissance 2465:Renaissance theatres 2445:Round-tower churches 2247:Sir John Summerson, 2220:Architect and Patron 2213:Late Georgian Houses 2193:James Stevens Curl, 2146:, Penguin, 1964 edn. 2112:, 2003, Allen Lane, 2095:, 1999, Allen Lane, 1611:Musson, 33–34, 52–53 1394:; the west curve of 1063:Battle of the Styles 927:and modelled on the 869:Federal architecture 856:Sir William Chambers 566:Versions of revived 434:John Wood, the Elder 321:, from Edinburgh to 109:architectural styles 3003:Territorial Revival 2946:International style 2916:California bungalow 2906:American Foursquare 2435:Medieval cathedrals 2430:Abbeys and priories 2209:Mid-Georgian Houses 1535:New Town, Edinburgh 1497:Architecture portal 1245:Matthew Brettingham 1162:, a country house. 560:Westover Plantation 479:, James Gibbs, Sir 260:Newcastle upon Tyne 235:property developers 146:, pre-independence 3054:Mid-century modern 2901:American Craftsman 2890:Streamline Moderne 2594:Dartmoor longhouse 2589:Wealden hall house 2201:Christopher Hussey 2062:Fletcher, Banister 2058:Fletcher, Banister 1978:Summerson, 115–120 1969:Summerson, 212-221 1942:Summerson, 222–224 1924:Summerson, 159-160 1904:Summerson, 147–191 1859:Summerson, 266–269 1841:Jenkins (2003), xv 1683:2009-12-23 at the 1672:Summerson, 49–51; 1547:The Georgian Group 1515:Canning, Liverpool 1356:Harvard University 1301:, 1775 example of 1126:, and Fairfax and 1086:Welwyn Garden City 1051: 897:Harvard University 885: 878:Hyde Park Barracks 792: 780: 701: 650: 564: 546:Types of buildings 422: 355:Nicholas Hawksmoor 98: 82: 78:Harvard University 74:Massachusetts Hall 72:Function rules at 66: 50: 3445: 3444: 3017:Post–World War II 2729:Colonial Georgian 2641: 2640: 2551:Brighton and Hove 2440:Former cathedrals 2391:Bristol Byzantine 2225:Barrington Kaye, 2140:Pevsner, Nikolaus 1642:Houses from Books 1598:A phrase used by 954:American colonies 893:Dartmouth College 775:, London (1720), 463:, which were the 284:William Halfpenny 16:(Redirected from 3495: 3416:Washington, D.C. 3034:Deconstructivism 2936:Georgian Revival 2926:Colonial Revival 2879:mid-20th century 2803:Mid-19th century 2749:Spanish Colonial 2668: 2661: 2654: 2645: 2644: 2480:Church monuments 2470:Listed buildings 2408: 2295: 2288: 2281: 2272: 2271: 2186:John Cornforth, 2183:, 3rd ed., 1995. 2046: 2045: 2043: 2042: 2027: 2021: 2020: 2009: 2003: 2002: 1994: 1988: 1985: 1979: 1976: 1970: 1967: 1961: 1960:Summerson, 64–70 1958: 1952: 1949: 1943: 1940: 1934: 1931: 1925: 1922: 1916: 1911: 1905: 1902: 1896: 1895:Summerson, 73–86 1893: 1887: 1884: 1878: 1877:Summerson, 44–45 1875: 1869: 1868:Summerson, 44–45 1866: 1860: 1857: 1851: 1848: 1842: 1839: 1833: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1815: 1812: 1806: 1803: 1797: 1794: 1788: 1785: 1779: 1776: 1770: 1767: 1761: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1738: 1732: 1731:Summerson, 54–56 1729: 1723: 1720: 1714: 1713:Summerson, 73–74 1711: 1705: 1702: 1696: 1693: 1687: 1670: 1664: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1636: 1630: 1627: 1621: 1618: 1612: 1609: 1603: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1562: 1520:Clifton, Bristol 1499: 1494: 1493: 1468: 1445: 1430: 1411: 1387: 1376:Bryanston Square 1374:Western side of 1371: 1360:Charles Bulfinch 1348: 1328: 1313: 1291:Carpenters' Hall 1287: 1263: 1237: 1213: 1194: 1179:Connecticut Hall 1175: 1152: 1070:Colonial Revival 1044:Historic England 1020: 1016: 1013: 925:William Buckland 846:Public buildings 621:or the top of a 481:William Chambers 383:and his protégé 339:Christopher Wren 243:square of garden 197:, as revived in 117:House of Hanover 113:British monarchs 58:The Circus, Bath 21: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3494: 3493: 3492: 3448: 3447: 3446: 3441: 3420: 3294: 3108: 3012: 2961:Mission Revival 2878: 2872: 2824: 2798: 2760: 2744:German Colonial 2739:French Colonial 2705: 2677: 2672: 2642: 2637: 2628: 2599:Somerset towers 2556:Hammerbeam roof 2509: 2455:Historic houses 2416: 2409: 2400: 2356:English Baroque 2304: 2299: 2259:Richard Sammons 2218:Frank Jenkins, 2179:Howard Colvin, 2176: 2174:Further reading 2155:Georgian London 2054: 2049: 2040: 2038: 2029: 2028: 2024: 2011: 2010: 2006: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1854: 1850:Musson, 101–106 1849: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1832:Musson, 113–116 1831: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1747:The Irish Times 1740: 1739: 1735: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1708: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1685:Wayback Machine 1671: 1667: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1637: 1633: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1606: 1597: 1593: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1525:Georgian Dublin 1495: 1488: 1485: 1478: 1476:Perth, Scotland 1469: 1460: 1448:Neo-Georgian - 1446: 1437: 1431: 1422: 1412: 1403: 1388: 1379: 1372: 1363: 1352:University Hall 1349: 1340: 1329: 1320: 1314: 1305: 1288: 1279: 1272:Pulteney Bridge 1264: 1255: 1238: 1229: 1214: 1205: 1195: 1186: 1183:Yale University 1176: 1167: 1153: 1144: 1116:Julian Bicknell 1108:Donald McMorran 1033: 1027: 1018: 1014: 1008:non-residential 941:Andrea Palladio 939:as depicted in 871: 865: 848: 766: 664:, mirrors, and 553: 548: 513:William Wilkins 436:. The European 393:Henry Flitcroft 335:English Baroque 331: 239:terraced houses 231: 229:Characteristics 46:cathedral close 35: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3501: 3491: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3302: 3300: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3220:Platform mound 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3116: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3107: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2978:Prairie School 2975: 2974: 2973: 2966:Pueblo Revival 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2921:Chicago School 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2882: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2834: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2822: 2820:Gothic Revival 2817: 2812: 2806: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2796: 2795: 2794: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2768: 2766: 2765:Early Republic 2762: 2761: 2759: 2758: 2757: 2756: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2734:Dutch Colonial 2731: 2726: 2721: 2715: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2697: 2696: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2671: 2670: 2663: 2656: 2648: 2639: 2638: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2609:Portland stone 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2517: 2515: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2421: 2419: 2411: 2410: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2331:English Gothic 2328: 2323: 2318: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2305: 2298: 2297: 2290: 2283: 2275: 2269: 2268: 2256: 2245: 2230: 2223: 2216: 2198: 2191: 2184: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2151:John Summerson 2147: 2137: 2123:Musson, Jeremy 2120: 2106:Jenkins, Simon 2103: 2089:Jenkins, Simon 2086: 2069: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2047: 2022: 2004: 1989: 1980: 1971: 1962: 1953: 1944: 1935: 1926: 1917: 1906: 1897: 1888: 1879: 1870: 1861: 1852: 1843: 1834: 1825: 1816: 1807: 1798: 1789: 1780: 1771: 1762: 1753: 1733: 1724: 1715: 1706: 1697: 1688: 1665: 1651: 1631: 1622: 1613: 1604: 1600:John Summerson 1591: 1577: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1538: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1501: 1500: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1470: 1463: 1461: 1447: 1440: 1438: 1432: 1425: 1423: 1413: 1406: 1404: 1390:Late Georgian 1389: 1382: 1380: 1373: 1366: 1364: 1350: 1343: 1341: 1330: 1323: 1321: 1315: 1308: 1306: 1289: 1282: 1280: 1265: 1258: 1256: 1241:Kedleston Hall 1239: 1232: 1230: 1215: 1208: 1206: 1199:Sutton, London 1197:Sutton Lodge, 1196: 1189: 1187: 1177: 1170: 1168: 1156:Ditchley House 1154: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1082:Vincent Harris 1076:; the work of 1055:Gothic Revival 1040:Winfield House 1026: 1023: 864: 861: 852:Somerset House 847: 844: 840:Gothic Revival 806:, so the main 800:Non-conformist 788:Somerset House 765: 762: 754:John Summerson 750:St John's Wood 552: 549: 547: 544: 371:Colen Campbell 351:William Talman 330: 327: 230: 227: 219:Gothic Revival 107:to the set of 94:Throckley Hall 33: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3500: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3396:San Francisco 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3371:New York City 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3245:Shotgun house 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3160:Dogtrot house 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3150:Cowboy church 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3111: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3008:Tudor Revival 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2951:Mayan Revival 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2843:Second Empire 2841: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2827: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2810:Greek Revival 2808: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2708: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2691: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2669: 2664: 2662: 2657: 2655: 2650: 2649: 2646: 2636: 2631: 2625: 2624:Cruck framing 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2576:Country house 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2495:Hindu temples 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2415:Buildings and 2412: 2407: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2296: 2291: 2289: 2284: 2282: 2277: 2276: 2273: 2266: 2265: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2243: 2242:0-394-73969-8 2239: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2224: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2192: 2189: 2185: 2182: 2178: 2177: 2168: 2167:Howard Colvin 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2145: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2118:0-7139-9596-3 2115: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2101:0-7139-9281-6 2098: 2094: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2072:Esher, Lionel 2070: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2036: 2032: 2026: 2018: 2014: 2008: 2000: 1993: 1984: 1975: 1966: 1957: 1948: 1939: 1930: 1921: 1915: 1910: 1901: 1892: 1886:Summerson, 45 1883: 1874: 1865: 1856: 1847: 1838: 1829: 1823:Musson, 84–87 1820: 1811: 1802: 1793: 1784: 1775: 1766: 1760:Summerson, 55 1757: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1737: 1728: 1719: 1710: 1701: 1692: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1669: 1654: 1652:9780271019437 1648: 1644: 1643: 1635: 1626: 1617: 1608: 1601: 1595: 1580: 1578:9780752491622 1574: 1570: 1569: 1561: 1557: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1498: 1492: 1487: 1477: 1473: 1467: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1429: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1386: 1381: 1377: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1347: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1312: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1262: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1236: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1212: 1207: 1204: 1200: 1193: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1174: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1151: 1146: 1145: 1139: 1137: 1136:mock-Georgian 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1120:Ben Pentreath 1117: 1113: 1112:Quinlan Terry 1109: 1105: 1104:Raymond Erith 1101: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1078:Edwin Lutyens 1075: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1022: 1009: 1005: 1001: 996: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 961: 959: 955: 950: 948: 947: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 909: 904: 902: 898: 894: 890: 883: 879: 875: 870: 860: 857: 853: 843: 841: 837: 832: 830: 826: 821: 816: 812: 809: 805: 801: 797: 789: 786:Courtyard of 784: 778: 774: 770: 761: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 738: 734: 733:semi-detached 729: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 710:Inns of Court 707: 698: 697:Baggot Street 693: 689: 687: 683: 677: 673: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 647: 643: 639: 634: 630: 628: 625:. Columns or 624: 620: 616: 610: 608: 604: 600: 596: 591: 589: 584: 580: 579: 573: 569: 561: 557: 543: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 520: 518: 517:Robert Smirke 514: 510: 506: 505:Regency style 502: 498: 494: 493:Henry Holland 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 449: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 430:Robert Taylor 427: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 401: 400:Giacomo Leoni 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 379:(1715–1725); 378: 377: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 347:Thomas Archer 344: 343:John Vanbrugh 340: 336: 326: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 291: 287: 285: 281: 277: 276:pattern books 273: 267: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 244: 240: 236: 226: 224: 220: 216: 212: 206: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 183: 180: 175: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 136: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 95: 91: 86: 79: 75: 70: 63: 59: 54: 47: 44: 39: 30: 19: 3473:House styles 3381:Philadelphia 3341:Jacksonville 3230:Quiggly hole 3069:Neo-futurism 3064:Neo-eclectic 3024:Blobitecture 2877:Late-19th to 2787:Neoclassical 2782:Jeffersonian 2724:First Period 2571:Bastle house 2450:Roman villas 2365: 2262: 2252: 2248: 2233: 2226: 2219: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2194: 2187: 2180: 2154: 2143: 2126: 2109: 2092: 2075: 2065: 2039:. Retrieved 2025: 2017:lutyenstrust 2016: 2007: 1992: 1983: 1974: 1965: 1956: 1947: 1938: 1929: 1920: 1909: 1900: 1891: 1882: 1873: 1864: 1855: 1846: 1837: 1828: 1819: 1810: 1801: 1792: 1783: 1774: 1765: 1756: 1745: 1736: 1727: 1718: 1709: 1700: 1691: 1668: 1656:. Retrieved 1641: 1634: 1625: 1616: 1607: 1594: 1582:. Retrieved 1567: 1560: 1541:Newtown Pery 1505:Golden ratio 1472:Rose Terrace 1299:Robert Smith 1295:Philadelphia 1228:, after 1769 1218:Newtown Pery 1135: 1089: 1074:Neo-Georgian 1073: 1067: 1052: 997: 979:in 1817. In 962: 951: 944: 929:Villa Pisani 905: 889:Georgian era 886: 849: 833: 817: 813: 793: 757: 730: 702: 678: 674: 666:objets d'art 654:chimneypiece 651: 640:interior by 638:Neoclassical 611: 592: 578:piano nobile 576: 565: 522:In Britain, 521: 473:Neoclassical 450: 423: 410:Neoclassical 385:William Kent 374: 332: 292: 288: 268: 232: 207: 184: 178: 176: 171: 167: 137: 100: 99: 3391:San Antonio 3366:New Orleans 3356:Los Angeles 3346:Kansas City 3280:Town square 3265:Sweat lodge 3215:Plank house 3165:Earth lodge 2983:PWA Moderne 2858:Stick style 2754:Territorial 2505:Lighthouses 2460:Hall houses 2341:Elizabethan 2321:Saxo-Norman 2316:Anglo-Saxon 1658:28 February 1333:Dunfermline 1268:Robert Adam 1249:Robert Adam 1164:James Gibbs 1160:Oxfordshire 1019: 1840 1015: 1810 985:John Ostell 906:Unlike the 823:example at 777:James Gibbs 658:Plasterwork 642:Robert Adam 603:sash window 485:James Wyatt 477:Robert Adam 461:Chinoiserie 426:James Paine 418:Robert Adam 416:1770-79 by 414:Stowe House 359:James Gibbs 90:manor house 3452:Categories 3255:Skyscraper 3210:Moki steps 3205:Longhouses 3099:Tiny-house 3094:Shed style 3084:Postmodern 2911:Beaux-Arts 2863:Queen Anne 2815:Italianate 2792:Antebellum 2604:Bath stone 2581:Oast house 2536:Manchester 2526:Birmingham 2417:structures 2381:Jacobethan 2361:Queen Anne 2163:0712620958 2135:009190076X 2084:0712636137 2052:References 2041:2015-08-12 1543:, Limerick 1454:Derbyshire 1415:The Grange 1029:See also: 1017: – c. 973:The Grange 933:Montagnana 915:(1774) in 867:See also: 794:Until the 746:Chalk Farm 742:Blackheath 646:Syon House 619:balustrade 595:window tax 570:dominated 497:John Soane 438:Grand Tour 412:grandeur; 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Index

Georgian Architecture
Architecture of Georgia (country)

Salisbury
cathedral close

The Circus, Bath
"areas"

Massachusetts Hall
Harvard University

manor house
Throckley Hall
English-speaking countries
architectural styles
British monarchs
House of Hanover
George I
George II
George III
George IV
Edinburgh
Bath
Dublin
London
York
Bristol
Colonial Revival architecture
classical architecture

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