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501:. By a vote of 191 to 156, the House legislators created a new system in which seniority would automatically move members ahead, even against the wishes of the leadership. This had the practical effect for several decades of benefiting Southern Democratic congressmen, who became powerful in both the House and the Senate. Because Southern states had effectively
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Looking at the war in Europe, he said, "Many instances of cruelty and inhumanity can be found on both sides." Norris believed the government wanted to enter this war only because the wealthy had already aided the
British financially in the war. He told Congress the only people who would benefit from
754:
Norris believed in the wisdom of the common people and in the progress of civilization. "To get good government and to retain it, it is necessary that a liberty-loving, educated, intelligent people should be ever watchful, to carefully guard and protect their rights and liberties," Norris said in a
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1934 speech, "The Model
Legislature". The people were capable of being the government, he said, affirming his populist/progressive credentials. To alert the people, he called for transparency in government. "Publicity," he proclaimed, "is the greatest cure for evils which may exist in government".
645:
Using his power of veto, he destroyed the Muscle Shoals bill – a measure designated to utilize the great government property at Muscle Shoals for the cheapening of fertilizer for
American agriculture and utilization of the surplus power for the benefit of people without transmission
882:
On 11 July 1961, a four-cent stamp was issued in his honor. It depicts, in shades of green, a TVA dam in the upper left, with his portrait in later life, to the right. "Gentle knight of progressive ideals" a quote on his character from FDR, is inscribed at the bottom left, while George W. Norris
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called him "the very perfect, gentle knight of
American progressive ideals", and this has been the theme of all his biographers. A 1957 advisory panel of 160 scholars recommended that Norris was the top choice for the five best Senators in U.S. history.
680:. Prohibition was ended in 1933. He told voters prohibition means "this greatest evil of all mankind is driven from the homes of the American people," even if it means "we are giving up some of our personal rights and personal privileges."
842:, included for opposing Speaker Cannon's autocratic power in the House, for speaking out against arming U.S. merchant ships during the United States' neutral period in World War I, and for supporting the presidential campaign of Democrat
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Norris opposed anti-lynching legislation, claiming it was unconstitutional and would lead to another civil war. He voted in 1935 along primarily with
Democrats to adjourn the United States Senate as the chamber was deadlocked over the
751:, which brought electrical service to underserved and unserved rural areas across the United States. Given Norris's belief in "public power", no privately owned electric utilities have operated in Nebraska since the late 1940s.
633:, insisting it was a project the federal government should handle. Norris twice succeeded in getting Congress to pass legislation for a federal electric power system based at Muscle Shoals, but it was vetoed by presidents
559:, fearing that bankers were manipulating the country into war. In the face of enormous pressure from the media and the administration, Norris was one of only six senators to vote against the declaration of war on
793:. Siding against Japanese violence in China and Korea, he called the Japanese "disgraceful, ignoble, barbarous, and cruel, even beyond the power of language to describe". He served as vice-president of the
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457:. In 1889 he married Pluma Lashley; the couple had three daughters (Gertrude, Hazel, and Marian) before her 1901 death. The widower Norris married Ellie Leonard in 1903; they had no children.
497:'s plans to regulate rates for the benefit of shippers, such as the merchants who lived in his district. A prominent insurgent after 1908, Norris led the revolt in 1910 against House Speaker
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distance of the development. The power people want no yardstick which would expose their extortionate rates so Hoover killed the bill after it had been passed by both houses of congress.
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In 1936 Norris left the
Republican Party, as the Democratic majority had reduced his seniority power. The Democrats offered him chairmanships. That year he was re-elected to the
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583:... War brings prosperity to the stock gambler on Wall Street – to those who are already in possession of more wealth than can be realized or enjoyed."
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and electricity generation for a wide rural area. In addition, Norris was known for his intense crusades against what he characterized as "wrong and evil", his
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691:. It prohibited the practice of employers' requiring prospective employees to commit to not joining a labor union as a condition of employment (the so-called
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Although a nominal
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for the 1912 presidential nomination but then switched to
Roosevelt. However, he refused to leave the Republican convention and join Roosevelt's
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Norris
Electric, an energy co-op with headquarters in Newton, IL, is named after Norris and his progressive efforts to electrify the nation.
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In
January 1911, Norris helped create the National Progressive Republican League and served as its vice president. He originally supported
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in southeastern Nebraska merged into one in 1941, the new utility was named the Norris Public Power District in Senator Norris's honor.
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to pack the Supreme Court, and railed against corrupt patronage. In late 1937, when Norris saw the famous photograph "
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by new constitutions and discriminatory practices at the turn of the century, it was a one-party region, known as the
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for president in 1928 and 1932, respectively. Republican regulars called him one of the "sons of the wild jackass".
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875:; and George W. Norris Elementary School in Millard Public Schools, memorialize the late Senator. When several
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committees. Norris was a leader of the Farm Bloc, advocated the rights of labor, sponsored the ("Lame Duck")
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808:. He departed from office saying, "I have done my best to repudiate wrong and evil in government affairs."
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TO ADJOURN. THE PENDING BUSINESS IS S. 24, A BILL TO PREVENT LYNCHING, ON WHICH THE SENATE WAS DEADLOCKED.
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In that election, he was supported by the railroads; however, in 1906 he broke with them, supporting
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Norris was a staunch "dry", battling against alcohol even when the crusade lost favor during the
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George W. Norris Middle School in Omaha, Nebraska; the George W. Norris K–12 school system near
363:(July 11, 1861 – September 2, 1944) was an American politician from the state of
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Robert F. Wesser, "George W. Norris, The Unicameral Legislature and the Progressive Ideal",
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Technology as Freedom: The New Deal and the Electrical Modernization of the American Home
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https://web.archive.org/web/20020624094935/http://www.nebraskahistory.org/sites/norris/
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Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska
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1008:. Nebraska State Historical Society. Archived from the original on September 8, 1999
402:. It became a major development agency in the Upper South that constructed dams for
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the war were "munition manufacturers, stockbrokers, and bond dealers", adding that
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support. Norris won with 43.8% of the vote against Republican former congressman
687:(R-New York), a Representative from New York City, Norris secured passage of the
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2009:
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Norman Wengert, "Antecedents of TVA: The Legislative History of Muscle Shoals".
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passed this change in 1934. All other states have retained a two-house system.
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No More Free Markets Or Free Beer: The Progressive Era in Nebraska, 1900–1924
579:"war brings no prosperity to the great mass of common and patriotic citizens.
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1275:"The March First Movement in America: The Campaign to Win American Support"
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After several terms, Norris's seniority gained him the chairmanship of the
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438:. He was the eleventh child of poor, uneducated farmers of Scots-Irish and
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1949:
United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry
1900:
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Paterson, Thomas G.; Clifford, John Garry; Hagan, Kenneth J. (1999).
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The Limits of Symbolic Reform: The New Deal and Taxation, 1933–1939
868:, home of the legislature since 1937, was named in Norris's honor.
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FDR (center) signs the Rural Electrification Act with Congressman
665:, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. Norris supported Democrats
650:
In 1933 the project for the Muscle Shoals Bill became part of the
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causes in Congress. He is best known for his sponsorship of the
348:
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1335:
George W. Norris; The Persistence of a Progressive, 1913–1933
1296:
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Notable third-party performances in United States elections
1188:
One House, The Unicameral's Progressive Vision for Nebraska
435:
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Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Nebraska
532:
As a leading Progressive Republican, Norris supported the
1413:
1341:
George W. Norris: The Triumph of a Progressive, 1933–1944
1134:
VOICES OF PROTEST: W.E.B. DUBOIS AND BOOKER T. WASHINGTON
446:
and earned his LL.B. degree in 1883 at the law school of
1670:
1329:
George W. Norris: The Making of a Progressive, 1861–1912
1361:
Fighting Liberal: The Autobiography of George W. Norris
774:(who came in second) and Democratic former congressman
2618:
1407:
Encyclopedia of Baldwin Wallace History: George Norris
1248:. Vol. 2 (5 ed.). Houghton Mifflin. p.
864:
In February 1984, the west legislative chamber of the
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Republican Party United States senators from Nebraska
1376:
George W. Norris: Gentle Knight of American Democracy
1239:
612:
Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution
591:, who opposed and defeated U.S. participation in the
1421:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
1313:
Fellman, David. "The Liberalism of Senator Norris",
800:
Unable to secure Democratic support in the state in
4276:
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3646:
1525:
903:
List of United States senators who switched parties
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1128:
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1047:. University of California Press. pp. 46–48.
849:The principal north–south street through downtown
570:George W. Norris, US Representative from Nebraska.
4759:
1244:American Foreign Relations: A history since 1895
1102:
2303:United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary
1123:
953:Research Guide to American Historical Biography
470:In 1900 Norris relocated to the larger town of
924:
379:, from 1903 until 1913, and five terms in the
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1932:
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1521:U.S. House of Representatives
1212:
832:Norris is one of eight senators profiled in
797:, which advocated for Korea's independence.
1069:"Norris Calls For Defeat of Hoover in 1932"
928:Men Against Myths: The Progressive Response
886:Also in 1961, Norris was inducted into the
453:He moved west to practice law, settling in
4793:Valparaiso University School of Law alumni
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1939:
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618:. He failed on these issues in the 1920s.
40:
4853:Foreign supporters of Korean independence
621:In that period, he blocked industrialist
478:in local politics. In 1902, running as a
4404:1928 United States presidential election
820:A bust of Norris was created in 1942 by
815:
713:
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78:March 4, 1913 – January 3, 1943
4843:Left-wing populism in the United States
908:
811:
733:President Roosevelt's New Deal programs
695:) and greatly limited the use of court
555:'s domestic programs but became a firm
292: 1889; died 1901)
14:
4760:
1346:"George W Norris: A Reflective View",
1272:
981:""Opposition to Wilson's War Message""
920:
918:
737:Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933
373:United States House of Representatives
132:March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1913
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1920:
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1527:Nebraska's 5th congressional district
1040:
783:Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937
488:Nebraska's 5th congressional district
27:American politician (1861–1944)
2186:Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
1672:United States senators from Nebraska
1562:U.S. senator (Class 2) from Nebraska
1190:(2005, University of Nebraska Press)
859:National Register of Historic Places
804:, Norris was defeated by Republican
230:York Township, Sandusky County, Ohio
175:August 1926 – March 3, 1933
4828:American anti–World War I activists
915:
551:Norris supported some of President
460:
24:
4848:Progressivism in the United States
4778:Independent United States senators
1958:(1829–1857; 1863–1881)
1006:"More about Senator George Norris"
509:, representing only white voters.
465:
25:
4864:
4808:People from Sandusky County, Ohio
4798:Baldwin Wallace University alumni
1392:
1315:American Political Science Review
1273:Palmer, Brandon (December 2020).
853:, is named George Norris Avenue.
163:Senate Committee on the Judiciary
3786:
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1799:
1416:"George W. Norris (id: N000139)"
1132:Barnes, Harry W. (August 1969).
1307:
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1109:. Lexington Books. p. 72.
778:(who came in a distant third).
309:
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945:
625:'s proposals to modernize the
614:, and proposed to abolish the
474:, where he became active as a
371:. He served five terms in the
339:Northern Indiana Normal School
13:
1:
1519:Member of the
1504:U.S. House of Representatives
1219:. Cambridge U.P. p. 69.
1155:. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
726:
629:by building a private dam at
421:
110:U.S. House of Representatives
47:
4803:People from McCook, Nebraska
883:appears below his portrait.
7:
4788:Nebraska state court judges
3592:Third party (U.S. politics)
1140:. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
965:"Traditions of the senate".
896:
857:in McCook is listed in the
781:Norris opposed Roosevelt's
534:direct election of senators
503:disenfranchised most blacks
442:descent. He graduated from
426:Norris was born in 1861 in
10:
4869:
1623:Senate Judiciary Committee
795:League of Friends of Korea
656:Tennessee Valley Authority
641:. Norris said of Hoover:
527:
514:Robert M. La Follette, Sr.
396:Tennessee Valley Authority
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3410:Robert M. La Follette Jr.
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1103:Burton W. Folsom (1999).
1090:(1952) 26#4 pp: 141–147.
1041:Tobey, Ronald C. (1996).
1026:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
970:opposed recommending him.
951:Robert Muccigrosso, ed.,
749:Rural Electrification Act
722:(left) and Norris (right)
520:. He instead ran for the
354:
344:
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82:
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55:
39:
32:
3054:Harrison H. Riddleberger
2068:Agriculture and Forestry
1446:Party political offices
1414:United States Congress.
931:. Greenwood. p. 7.
604:Agriculture and Forestry
484:House of Representatives
482:, he was elected to the
369:Midwestern United States
4838:Activists from Nebraska
1513:Ashton C. Shallenberger
925:Fred Greenbaum (2000).
739:. In appreciation, the
735:, Norris sponsored the
731:A staunch supporter of
386:Norris was a leader of
143:Ashton C. Shallenberger
2623:United States senators
1363:(1945; reprinted 1972)
1165:TVA: An American Ideal
877:public power districts
866:Nebraska State Capitol
829:
723:
685:Fiorello H. La Guardia
585:
571:
4818:Nebraska Independents
4720:William Dudley Pelley
4684:Socialist Labor Party
2020:(abolished 1857–1863)
1538:Silas Reynolds Barton
1213:Mark H. Leff (2003).
1176:TVA: Norris Reservoir
888:Nebraska Hall of Fame
826:Nebraska Hall of Fame
819:
717:
689:Norris–La Guardia Act
671:Franklin D. Roosevelt
577:
569:
455:Beaver City, Nebraska
448:Valparaiso University
415:Franklin D. Roosevelt
361:George William Norris
217:George William Norris
155:Silas Reynolds Barton
61:United States Senator
18:George William Norris
4738:Other 1928 elections
3195:Richard F. Pettigrew
1571:Gilbert M. Hitchcock
1350:70 (1989): 297–302.
1088:Agricultural History
909:Notes and references
812:Legacy and memorials
683:In 1932, along with
593:Treaty of Versailles
546:Nebraska Legislature
381:United States Senate
4833:Activists from Ohio
3587:Politics portal
2928:Peter G. Van Winkle
1580:William H. Thompson
839:Profiles in Courage
791:non-interventionism
705:Costigan-Wagner Act
693:yellow-dog contract
398:in 1933 during the
4541:Joseph T. Robinson
3230:Nonpartisan League
3205:William M. Stewart
2991:Morgan C. Hamilton
2963:Liberal Republican
2918:David T. Patterson
2702:John J. Crittenden
2669:William C. Preston
1607:Political offices
1568:Served alongside:
1385:2012-07-16 at the
1374:Zucker, Norman L.
1368:2012-07-16 at the
1359:Norris, George W.
1074:2004-09-19 at the
830:
724:
587:Norris joined the
572:
538:state legislatures
495:Theodore Roosevelt
444:Baldwin University
440:Pennsylvania Dutch
335:Baldwin University
4755:
4754:
4729:
4728:
4702:Verne L. Reynolds
4644:William F. Varney
4634:Prohibition Party
4615:William Z. Foster
4581:
4580:
4495:
4494:
4365:
4364:
3605:
3604:
3452:Harry F. Byrd Jr.
3147:Silver Republican
3127:William A. Peffer
3097:William A. Harris
2938:Waitman T. Willey
2888:John B. Henderson
2745:Lawrence Brainerd
2659:Stephen D. Miller
2586:
2585:
2268:
2267:
2070:(1884–1977)
1914:
1913:
1639:
1638:
1630:Succeeded by
1615:Albert B. Cummins
1600:Kenneth S. Wherry
1597:Succeeded by
1584:Richard C. Hunter
1566:1913–1943
1535:Succeeded by
1496:Robert G. Simmons
1493:Succeeded by
1186:Charlyne Berens,
806:Kenneth S. Wherry
772:Robert G. Simmons
745:Norris, Tennessee
699:against strikes.
663:Warren G. Harding
616:Electoral College
597:League of Nations
542:unicameral system
524:as a Republican.
518:Progressive Party
358:
357:
240:September 2, 1944
186:Albert B. Cummins
101:Kenneth S. Wherry
16:(Redirected from
4860:
4783:Nebraska lawyers
4587:
4586:
4551:Other candidates
4539:Vice President:
4514:
4513:
4502:Democratic Party
4482:George W. Norris
4460:Other candidates
4448:Vice President:
4430:
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4418:Republican Party
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3585:
3584:
3532:George W. Norris
3427:Miles Poindexter
3425:
3408:
3391:
3374:
3359:James L. Buckley
3357:
3340:
3323:
3301:Henrik Shipstead
3077:William V. Allen
2878:Joseph S. Fowler
2828:Lemuel J. Bowden
2765:Francis Gillette
2722:John B. Thompson
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1941:
1934:
1927:
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1665:
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1651:
1642:
1641:
1633:Henry F. Ashurst
1621:Chairman of the
1612:Preceded by
1575:Robert B. Howell
1552:Preceded by
1529:
1510:Preceded by
1443:
1442:
1425:
1348:Nebraska History
1317:(1946) 40:27–41
1301:
1300:
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1201:Nebraska History
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983:. Archived from
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922:
851:McCook, Nebraska
768:Democratic Party
678:Great Depression
627:Tennessee Valley
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499:Joseph G. Cannon
461:Political career
400:Great Depression
313:
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247:McCook, Nebraska
243:
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208:Personal details
198:Henry F. Ashurst
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4623:Benjamin Gitlow
4605:Communist Party
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3215:Henry M. Teller
3155:Frank J. Cannon
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2908:Reverdy Johnson
2898:Thomas H. Hicks
2848:John S. Carlile
2814:
2755:Salmon P. Chase
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2712:Anthony Kennedy
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834:John F. Kennedy
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787:Bloody Saturday
776:Terry Carpenter
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635:Calvin Coolidge
589:Irreconcilables
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466:House insurgent
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3291:Ernest Lundeen
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4685:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4665:Norman Thomas
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4625:
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4611:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4597:
4593:
4588:
4584:
4574:
4573:Evans Woollen
4571:
4569:
4568:James A. Reed
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
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4393:
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4308:
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4300:
4298:
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4279:
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4268:
4265:
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4260:
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4250:
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4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4212:Shallenberger
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4202:Shallenberger
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4192:Shallenberger
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4177:Shallenberger
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4149:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4117:Shallenberger
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4097:M. McLaughlin
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4072:
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4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
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3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3867:C. McLaughlin
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
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3825:
3823:
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3810:
3808:
3805:
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3802:
3799:
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3773:
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3700:
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3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3502:Joe Lieberman
3500:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3463:
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3432:
3428:
3422:
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3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3397:Law and Order
3394:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3376:Joseph Cilley
3371:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3346:Anti-Monopoly
3343:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3302:
3299:
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3253:
3249:
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3227:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3175:John P. Jones
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3117:James H. Kyle
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3087:Marion Butler
3085:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2971:Reuben Fenton
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2949:
2948:Robert Wilson
2946:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2868:Garrett Davis
2866:
2863:
2859:
2858:John Creswell
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
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2800:
2796:
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2783:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
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2746:
2743:
2742:
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2738:
2734:
2727:
2723:
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2717:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2689:
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2674:
2670:
2667:
2664:
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2657:
2654:
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2647:
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2640:
2637:
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2628:
2624:
2621:
2614:
2609:
2607:
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2600:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2580:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
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2540:
2537:
2535:
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2522:
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2510:
2507:
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2500:
2497:
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2400:
2397:
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2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
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2238:
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2223:
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2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:(1977–)
2184:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
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2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2061:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2040:Frelinghuysen
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
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1892:
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1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
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1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1802:
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1779:
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1769:
1767:
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1754:
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1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1616:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1530:
1528:
1522:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1280:Korea Journal
1276:
1269:
1261:
1259:0-395-93887-2
1255:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1236:
1228:
1226:9780521521246
1222:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1138:Smith College
1135:
1129:
1127:
1118:
1116:9780739100141
1112:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1056:
1054:9780520204218
1050:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1023:
1007:
1001:
987:on 2014-08-21
986:
982:
976:
969:
966:
961:
955:(1988) 3:1165
954:
948:
940:
938:9780275968885
934:
930:
929:
921:
919:
914:
904:
901:
900:
894:
891:
889:
884:
880:
878:
874:
869:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
840:
835:
827:
823:
818:
809:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
756:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
721:
716:
712:
710:
706:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
681:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
659:
657:
653:
644:
643:
642:
640:
636:
632:
631:Muscle Shoals
628:
624:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
598:
594:
590:
584:
576:
568:
564:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
525:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
458:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:York Township
419:
416:
411:
409:
405:
404:flood control
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
353:
350:
347:
343:
340:
336:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
302:Ellie Leonard
297:
296:
279:Pluma Lashley
274:
273:
271:
267:
264:
259:
256:
252:
248:
239:
235:
231:
227:July 11, 1861
215:
211:
206:
202:
199:
196:
190:
187:
184:
178:
172:
167:
164:
159:
156:
153:
147:
144:
141:
135:
129:
124:
120:
116:
111:
105:
102:
99:
93:
90:
87:
81:
75:
70:
67:
62:
58:
54:
43:
38:
31:
19:
4737:
4718:
4712:Independents
4700:VP nominee:
4699:
4691:
4671:VP nominee:
4670:
4662:
4641:
4621:VP nominee:
4620:
4612:
4558:Cordell Hull
4538:
4523:
4500:
4481:
4447:
4439:
4416:
4408:→ 1932
4400:← 1924
4357:P. Hitchcock
4233:6th district
4181:
4153:5th district
4068:4th district
3948:3rd district
3837:G. Hitchcock
3827:G. Hitchcock
3798:2nd district
3648:1st district
3531:
3482:Jim Jeffords
3472:John P. Hale
3445:Independents
3363:Conservative
3342:Newton Booth
3329:Independence
3325:Dean Barkley
3263:Farmer–Labor
3238:Lynn Frazier
2805:Henry Wilson
2785:James Harlan
2775:John P. Hale
2684:Know Nothing
2463:
2131:
2019:
1850:
1821:P. Hitchcock
1731:G. Hitchcock
1620:
1569:
1560:
1555:Norris Brown
1518:
1462:U.S. Senator
1460:nominee for
1456:
1451:
1419:
1375:
1360:
1347:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1314:
1308:Bibliography
1295:– via
1284:
1278:
1268:
1243:
1235:
1215:
1208:
1200:
1195:
1187:
1182:
1171:
1160:
1152:
1145:
1137:
1105:
1098:
1087:
1082:
1063:
1043:
1036:
1010:. Retrieved
1000:
989:. Retrieved
985:the original
975:
960:
952:
947:
927:
892:
885:
881:
870:
863:
848:
837:
831:
799:
780:
757:
753:
730:
701:
682:
675:
660:
649:
620:
601:
586:
578:
573:
557:isolationist
550:
531:
511:
492:
469:
452:
425:
412:
385:
360:
359:
260:(until 1936)
242:(1944-09-02)
193:Succeeded by
170:
150:Succeeded by
127:
96:Succeeded by
89:Norris Brown
73:
4773:1944 deaths
4768:1861 births
4596:independent
4592:Third party
4524:President:
4472:Guy D. Goff
4440:President:
3922:Christensen
3902:McCollister
3767:Fortenberry
3522:Wayne Morse
3512:Joe Manchin
3462:David Davis
3431:Progressive
3414:Progressive
3165:Fred Dubois
3001:Carl Schurz
2620:Third-party
1956:Agriculture
1546:U.S. Senate
1153:GovTrack.us
822:Jo Davidson
764:Independent
697:injunctions
544:. Only the
507:Solid South
388:progressive
263:Independent
181:Preceded by
138:Preceded by
84:Preceded by
4762:Categories
4598:candidates
4508:Convention
4424:Convention
4172:Sutherland
3972:Meiklejohn
3897:Cunningham
3877:O'Sullivan
3492:Angus King
3185:Lee Mantle
3036:Readjuster
2319:Crittenden
2102:Hansbrough
1627:1926–1933
1532:1903–1913
1458:Republican
991:2010-01-11
766:with some
741:Norris Dam
727:New Dealer
709:poll taxes
623:Henry Ford
563:in 1917.
480:Republican
476:Republican
422:Early life
413:President
408:liberalism
377:Republican
345:Profession
330:Alma mater
258:Republican
223:1861-07-11
4692:Nominee:
4663:Nominee:
4642:Nominee:
4613:Nominee:
4347:Estabrook
4323:Territory
4312:Valentine
4217:Carpenter
4162:McKeighan
3957:Valentine
3907:Cavanaugh
3817:McKeighan
3737:P. Weaver
3657:A. Weaver
3562:Bob Smith
2737:Free Soil
2692:John Bell
2631:Nullifier
2454:Brandegee
2444:Culberson
2334:Van Buren
2235:Chambliss
1831:Manderson
1293:0023-3900
1012:April 18,
608:Judiciary
599:in 1919.
171:In office
128:In office
74:In office
4532:campaign
4526:Al Smith
4517:Nominees
4433:Nominees
4342:Ferguson
4332:Giddings
4287:Marquett
4278:At-large
4262:Humphrey
4137:McGinley
4122:Binderup
4057:A. Smith
4042:V. Smith
4032:Beermann
4022:Harrison
4002:Stephens
3987:McCarthy
3982:Robinson
3917:Hoagland
3857:Baldrige
3847:Jefferis
3762:Bereuter
3742:Beermann
3727:Copeland
3707:Morehead
3069:Populist
2559:Grassley
2514:Thurmond
2504:Eastland
2489:McCarran
2479:McCarran
2474:Van Nuys
2394:Trumbull
2260:Stabenow
2250:Stabenow
2195:Talmadge
2177:Talmadge
2172:Ellender
2162:Ellender
2142:E. Smith
2107:Dolliver
2050:Johnston
2005:Sturgeon
1985:P. Smith
1906:Ricketts
1866:Griswold
1836:Thurston
1826:Saunders
1771:Zorinsky
1761:Reynolds
1741:Thompson
1721:Dietrich
1696:Van Wyck
1466:Nebraska
1383:Archived
1366:Archived
1319:in JSTOR
1136:, p. 6.
1092:in JSTOR
1072:Archived
1022:cite web
897:See also
844:Al Smith
824:for the
667:Al Smith
652:New Deal
606:and the
595:and the
365:Nebraska
321:Children
121:district
115:Nebraska
66:Nebraska
46:Norris,
4337:Chapman
4297:Crounse
4267:Simmons
4257:Kinkaid
4252:Neville
4207:Johnson
4197:Andrews
4167:Andrews
4087:Hinshaw
4052:Osborne
4047:Barrett
3977:Maxwell
3932:Ashford
3882:Buffett
3872:Buffett
3832:Kennedy
3692:Maguire
3687:Pollard
3682:Burkett
3667:Connell
3662:McShane
3564: (
3554: (
3544: (
3534: (
3524: (
3514: (
3504: (
3494: (
3484: (
3474: (
3464: (
3454: (
3429: (
3412: (
3395: (
3380:Liberty
3378: (
3361: (
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3293: (
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3273: (
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2860: (
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2787: (
2767: (
2757: (
2747: (
2724: (
2714: (
2704: (
2694: (
2671: (
2661: (
2651: (
2641: (
2549:Specter
2509:Kennedy
2499:Kilgore
2469:Ashurst
2459:Cummins
2414:Edmunds
2409:Thurman
2404:Edmunds
2374:Berrien
2359:Clayton
2354:Wilkins
2339:Berrien
2324:Burrill
2255:Roberts
2245:Lincoln
2230:Cochran
2117:Burnham
2097:Proctor
2087:Paddock
2045:Paddock
2030:Cameron
2025:Sherman
1970:Seymour
1896:Johanns
1871:Bowring
1841:Millard
1809:Class 2
1791:Fischer
1726:Burkett
1711:Hayward
1701:Paddock
1691:Paddock
1679:Class 1
1471:Class 2
1378:(1966)
658:(TVA).
561:Germany
540:to the
528:Senator
392:liberal
367:in the
314:
306:
294:
286:
282:
269:Spouses
4747:Senate
4307:Majors
4247:Greene
4222:Coffee
4187:Barton
4182:Norris
4142:Martin
4132:Miller
4127:Curtis
4112:Norton
4102:Norton
4077:Hainer
4037:Martin
4017:Stefan
4012:Howard
3962:Dorsey
3887:Hruska
3842:Lobeck
3822:Mercer
3752:Denney
3747:Callan
3732:Curtis
3717:Heinke
3712:Luckey
3702:Thorpe
3697:Reavis
3677:Strode
3142:Silver
2569:Durbin
2564:Graham
2494:Langer
2464:Norris
2449:Nelson
2399:Wright
2389:Bayard
2384:Butler
2379:Ashley
2364:Grundy
2240:Harkin
2225:Harkin
2215:Harkin
2157:Thomas
2152:Capper
2147:Thomas
2137:McNary
2132:Norris
2127:Gronna
2112:Warren
2092:George
2082:Palmer
2077:Miller
2035:Morton
1990:Mouton
1881:Curtis
1861:Seaton
1856:Wherry
1851:Norris
1816:Thayer
1786:Nelson
1781:Kerrey
1776:Karnes
1766:Hruska
1756:Butler
1746:Hunter
1736:Howell
1686:Tipton
1524:from
1380:online
1352:online
1343:(1978)
1337:(1971)
1331:(1963)
1291:
1256:
1223:
1113:
1051:
935:
762:as an
760:Senate
581:
522:Senate
472:McCook
349:Lawyer
249:, U.S.
232:, U.S.
4742:House
4352:Daily
4302:Welch
4292:Taffe
4107:Sloan
4092:Sloan
4082:Stark
4027:Brock
4007:Evans
3997:Latta
3937:Bacon
3927:Terry
3892:Chase
3862:Burke
3852:Sears
3807:Laird
3772:Flood
3757:Thone
3722:Sweet
3672:Bryan
3315:Other
2820:Union
2554:Leahy
2544:Hatch
2539:Leahy
2534:Hatch
2529:Leahy
2524:Hatch
2519:Biden
2484:Wiley
2439:Clark
2434:Platt
2349:Marcy
2344:Rowan
2329:Smith
2314:Chase
2220:Lugar
2210:Lugar
2205:Leahy
2200:Helms
2167:Aiken
2015:Allen
2010:Soulé
2000:Upham
1975:Brown
1965:Marks
1901:Sasse
1891:Hagel
1846:Brown
1751:Burke
1716:Allen
1706:Allen
1464:from
1452:First
1297:DBpia
1067:From
375:as a
308:(
304:
288:(
284:
113:from
64:from
50:1930s
4594:and
4402:)
3992:Boyd
3912:Daub
3812:Laws
2429:Hoar
2424:Pugh
2419:Hoar
2369:Wall
2122:Gore
1995:Linn
1980:Page
1886:Exon
1876:Abel
1489:1930
1485:1924
1481:1918
1477:1913
1289:ISSN
1254:ISBN
1221:ISBN
1111:ISBN
1049:ISBN
1028:link
1014:2010
933:ISBN
802:1942
743:and
669:and
637:and
486:for
436:Ohio
390:and
237:Died
213:Born
4242:Kem
3967:Kem
1250:151
836:'s
654:'s
119:5th
117:'s
4764::
4740::
3566:NH
3556:AZ
3546:VT
3536:NE
3526:OR
3516:WV
3506:CT
3496:ME
3486:VT
3476:NH
3466:IL
3456:VA
3435:WA
3418:WI
3401:RI
3384:NH
3367:NY
3350:CA
3333:MN
3305:MN
3295:MN
3285:MN
3275:MN
3252:ND
3242:ND
3219:CO
3209:NV
3199:SD
3189:MT
3179:NV
3169:ID
3159:UT
3144:or
3131:KS
3121:SD
3111:ID
3101:KS
3091:NC
3081:NE
3058:VA
3048:VA
3025:IL
3015:MA
3005:MO
2995:TX
2985:CT
2975:NY
2952:MO
2942:WV
2932:WV
2922:TN
2912:MD
2902:MD
2892:MO
2882:TN
2872:KY
2862:MD
2852:VA
2842:MO
2832:VA
2809:MA
2799:MA
2789:IA
2779:NH
2769:CT
2759:OH
2749:VT
2726:KY
2716:MD
2706:KY
2696:TN
2673:SC
2663:SC
2653:SC
2643:SC
1590:,
1586:,
1582:,
1573:,
1487:,
1483:,
1479:,
1473:)
1418:.
1285:60
1283:.
1277:.
1252:.
1125:^
1024:}}
1020:{{
917:^
890:.
846:.
711:.
490:.
450:.
434:,
430:,
310:m.
290:m.
48:c.
4510:)
4506:(
4426:)
4422:(
4410:)
4406:(
4398:(
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4384:t
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3568:)
3558:)
3548:)
3538:)
3528:)
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3508:)
3498:)
3488:)
3478:)
3468:)
3458:)
3437:)
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3424:▌
3420:)
3416:–
3407:▌
3403:)
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3390:▌
3386:)
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3373:▌
3369:)
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3277:)
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3201:)
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3161:)
3133:)
3123:)
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3093:)
3083:)
3060:)
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3027:)
3017:)
3007:)
2997:)
2987:)
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2777:(
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2761:)
2751:)
2728:)
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2698:)
2675:)
2665:)
2655:)
2645:)
2612:e
2605:t
2598:v
2294:e
2287:t
2280:v
1940:e
1933:t
1926:v
1664:e
1657:t
1650:v
1577:,
1469:(
1428:[
1424:.
1299:.
1262:.
1229:.
1119:.
1057:.
1030:)
1016:.
994:.
941:.
828:.
324:3
225:)
221:(
20:)
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