George Hackenschmidt

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depressed he got, the more difficult he was to work with, and this all worked against him because, for the first time in his professional career, Hackenschmidt faced a foe fully capable of defeating him. Finally, and worst of all, in both matches with Gotch, Hackenschmidt was accused of lack of heart. Referee Ed Smith, following the 1908 match, said that "deep down in my own mind, I decided that George Hackenschmidt had quit – quit quite cold, as a matter of fact – because there was nothing about Gotch's treatment of him in that first encounter that could by a stretch of the imagination call for a disqualification. There was some face-mauling, just as there always is ... but at no time did the vaunted Hackenschmidt ever make a serious move toward slapping down his opponent, never showed much in the wrestling line during the entire two hours... Again, I say, that as the referee of that match, I thought that the 'Russian Lion' quit". Following the 1911 rematch, one newspaper described Gotch's easy victory and then added that "in the parlance of the sporting world, Hackenschmidt is yellow ... He quit when his position became dangerous". Perhaps the most frustrated was Hackenschmidt's second,

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forced against the ropes. Gotch tore him off the ropes, threw him down and rode him hard for three minutes, working for his dreaded toe hold. Hackenschmidt had trained to avoid this hold, which he did, but the effort took his last remaining strength. Hackenschmidt quit the fall. "I surrender the championship of the world to Mr. Gotch", he said, and stood up and shook Gotch's hand. The wrestlers then retired to their dressing rooms before coming out for the second fall, but Hackenschmidt refused to return to the ring, telling the referee to declare Gotch the winner, thereby relinquishing his title to him. Although he at first called Gotch "the greatest man by far I ever met", and explained how his muscles had become stale and his feet had given out, and that he knew he could not win and therefore conceded the match, Hackenschmidt later reversed his opinion of Gotch and Americans in general, claiming to have been fouled by Gotch and victimized in America, and calling for a rematch in Europe.

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and set up a highly publicized match for later in the week, where he would defeat his foe handily. Unlike many other professional wrestlers, including Frank Gotch, Hackenschmidt was never mean, vindictive or unnecessarily rough in the ring, "contrasting his physical prowess and fighting skills with a quietness of spirit", David Gentle explained. "George Hackenschmidt was the epitome of calm, self-assurance and inner peace, with full awareness of his own capabilities and thus like all masters of combat found no need for machoism or outward aggression. His tactic to win was skill and speed, born of confidence in his own ability and fighting prowess". However, he had three weaknesses. Against a first-class opponent, of whom he faced extremely few, he could be slow to adapt. Gotch reported after their first match that "every move the Russian made he telegraphed me in advance, which shows that he thinks too slowly".

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collected cabinet cards and postcards with their images, read their books, and devoured articles about them in newspapers. Their epic matches were front-page news around the world – akin to today's World Cup in terms of garnering global attention – and helped to launch organized amateur wrestling in the United States in the early part of the 20th century. In fact, a large number of high school and college wrestling programs can trace their roots back to the 1910s and 1920s – the era when Hackenschmidt and Gotch were still household names, and highly respected athletes".

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22″; chest – 52″; waist – 34″; thigh – 26¾″; calf – 18″. He also rose to prominence when the governing style of wrestling was the slower, more ponderous Greco-Roman style that emphasized muscle power over speed, agility and ring generalship, and involved holds only above the waist. Being bulkier of build than his leaner opponents, Hackenschmidt's style and temperament were not geared as much to the catch-as-catch-can style. Hackenschmidt was a natural showman, he was honest, straightforward and serious, and he would finish off his opponents quickly. His manager

309: 2419: 4057: 4048: 2678:, the last words of which read, "Throughout my whole career I have never bothered as to whether I was a champion or not a champion; The only title I have desired to be known by is simply my name – George Hackenschmidt". However, it was his matches with Gotch that ensured the growing popularity of catch-as-catch-can wrestling over the more laborious Greco-Roman that had previously dominated, and this is the style that enjoys popularity at all scholastic levels, private clubs and the Olympics to this day. Hackenschmidt was a major reason for this. 358: 2165: 2665:, but wrestling was the most popular sport on every continent. However, it was Hackenschmidt's showmanship that made professional wrestling arguably the most popular sport in the United Kingdom at the time, and it was he and Gotch together who brought it to entirely new heights around the world. "The Hackenschmidt-Gotch matches were the pinnacle of professional wrestling during the time period and received much attention from media, fans, and celebrities", Andrew Malnoske observed. "They were even described in the 1937 book 247: 2273: 93: 2185: 2345: 5285: 4874: 2674:

the world of physical culture, and 2) his two defeats at the hands of Frank Gotch. Hackenschmidt remained in the public eye because he had become an icon in the world of physical culture, a legendary bodybuilder as well as health addict, and a world champion wrestler central to a movement that was now increasingly popular. He spoke and published widely on a wide range of subjects, but most notably on health and fitness. His most popular book was the classic

1900: 3592:"A natural born ascetic, Hackenschmidt has lived almost the whole of his life in training. He is a teetotaller and a non-smoker. The only cigarette he ever smoked put him flat on his back after a few puffs. At the height of his wrestling career he was a considerable meat eater, his idea of a light snack before dinner was a steak and half a dozen eggs. But he always eschewed tinned foods. For many years now he has been a strict vegetarian". 1983: 2090:, one-hand press in straddling style, one-hand press continuously in military style with 50.2 kg, one hand press continuously in straddling style with 50.2 kg, two-hand press, two-hand jerk, and two-hand press continuously in military style with 100 kg), with Hackenschmidt taking third place overall. The wrestling championships were an openweight competition in the Greco-Roman style, with Hackenschmidt winning the championship. 25: 2537:. Hack visited Jenkins in 1939 and the two got along splendidly, with Jenkins accommodating Hackenschmidt in his home and giving him a tour of the West Point training facilities. In their mutual admiration society, they never publicly expressed any credit to Frank Gotch, and Hackenschmidt spent the rest of his life complaining about Gotch's foul tactics and his knee injury in explaining his "inexplicable" losses. After 2653:, who himself had lost several times to Gotch, but had displayed the utmost gameness and courage. "Hack did not get started", Roller explained. "That's largely a matter of gameness". Hackenschmidt's injuries had not been serious enough, Roller felt. "I have tried my best to make a winner out of him and put him into the ring in the best possible condition, but ... gameness is something you can not put into a man". 2153:. He wrestled in opera halls, music halls and theaters. As the wrestling boom took hold in England and wrestlers came in from all around the world for the grand tournaments that had become the rage, he remained the dominant grappler, defeating every man he met. Cochran polished his act until Hackenschmidt was a major attraction. He might take on five wrestlers in the same evening, defeating them all. 1953:. His feats of strength astounded his teachers, as he could lift a small horse off the ground and lift 276 pounds overhead one handed. In a wrestler's bridge, he could pull a 335-pound barbell from the floor to his chest and press it overhead, bridging on his neck. He set several records in weight lifting and was considered both the strongest and the best-developed man in the world. 2685:

at the Todd-McLean Library and Special Collections in Austin, Texas, has a digitized version of a nearly 600-page scrapbook owned for decades by Hackenschmidt and bequeathed by his widow Rachel. The international Georg Hackenschmidt Memorial in Greco-Roman wrestling has been held in Tartu since 1969.

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had to convince him to extend his matches and put on a show, which in turn ensured more bookings and sold-out shows. This did not mean the matches were fake, as excluding exhibitions, his matches were all on the level, but he might allow a local wrestler to last ten minutes and collect his £25 prize,

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in Chicago, which drew a crowd of nearly 30,000 spectators and a record gate of $ 87,000. The rematch is one of the most controversial and talked about matches in professional wrestling history, as Hackenschmidt claimed to have injured his knee against Roller, his chief training partner. Years later,

2176:, Tom Connors, Tom MacInerney, Jack Baldwin and Tom Clayton. However, when he defeated the Italian Antonio Pieri twice, Pieri sought revenge by trying to find a wrestler who could beat him. He thought he had found such a man in Ahmed Madrali, called the "Terrible Turk", who faced Hackenschmidt at the 2340:

of Gotch's foul tactics and asked that Gotch be forced to take a hot shower to rid his body of an abundance of oil, but the referee ignored the complaints and told Hackenschmidt he should have noticed the oil before the match began. The match continued until the two-hour mark, when Hackenschmidt was

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for the first time in his professional career. According to Hackenschmidt's memories, Lurich bragged widely about his former victories over him. This led Georg to challenge Lurich to a match, which he usually never did. When Hackenschmidt took the stage, Lurich ran backstage. The next morning Lurich

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In January 1899, he had to serve in the army: he was assigned to the Preobrazhensky Regiment. Demobilized five months later, on May 16 of that year Hackenschmidt defeated Alexander von Schmelling in a fight for the title of Russian champion of 1899. On 19 May he defeated von Schmelling again and was

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In his entire professional wrestling career, Hackenschmidt engaged in about 3,000 matches, losing only two. Powerfully built, Hackenschmidt's measurements for his 1905 match with Alexander Munro were: age – 28; weight – 204 pounds; height – 5′, 9½″; reach – 75″; biceps – 19″; forearm – 15½″; neck –

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Whatever the case may be, Dr. Roller did not consider the injury to be serious, and referee Ed Smith dismissed it as inconsequential. Hackenschmidt himself ignored it completely in declaring, the day before the match, that he was "fit to wrestle for my life" and was "satisfied with my condition and

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Having already made his mark in bodybuilding, Hackenschmidt caused the major surge in the popularity of professional wrestling in England, and he was considered unbeatable. However, Hackenschmidt probably would not be so well remembered today were it not for two things: 1) his enormous standing in

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by famed writer Marcus Griffen. To this day, the Chicago Public Library receives requests to view the newspaper accounts and files on the bouts." As Mark Palmer pointed out, "For starters, George Hackenschmidt and Frank Gotch were major sports superstars of the early 20th century. Fans of all ages

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had arranged for Hackenschmidt to work out every day before a paying public, which Hackenschmidt refused to do. Barred from the athletic club, he spent his time before the match either exercising in his room or taking morning and evening walks along Lake Michigan, but no serious workouts. The more

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that he was paid $ 5,000 by Gotch's backers to cripple Hackenschmidt in training, and make it look like an accident. However, according to Hackenschmidt himself, the injury was accidentally inflicted by his sparring partner, Roller, when trying to hold Hackenschmidt down onto his knees in the down

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In August 1907, Hackenschmidt suffered pain in his knee and returned to Russia for rehabilitation. Hackenschmidt failed to heal his knee and was sent back to England. By 1907 the situation in the wrestling world had changed, Hackenschmidt noticed the emergence of four strong wrestlers: Constant Le

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Pavilion in Chicago. Showing his contempt for Gotch and for American wrestling in general, Hackenschmidt was not in the best condition. Refusing to train publicly at the Chicago Athletic Club in spite of arrangements having been made for him to do so, he was barred from the club and spent his time

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Gotch used his speed, defense and rough tactics to wear the champion down and then assume the attack. The wrestlers stood on their feet for two full hours before Gotch was able to get behind Hackenschmidt and take him down. While on their feet, Gotch made sure to lean on Hackenschmidt to wear him

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descent. He had a younger brother, Bruno, and sister Alice. He later said that neither of his parents were particularly robust in stature or had any unusual physical characteristics, though his maternal grandfather was said to have been a huge and powerful man. His paternal grandfather, Christian

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either in his hotel room or taking long morning and evening walks along Lake Michigan. By neglecting his training, he lost his endurance, which had never been a factor in his previous matches because he ended them so quickly. Against Gotch, who was in peak condition, it would be decisive.

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Despite his parents' objections, Hackenschmidt left for St. Petersburg in the spring of 1898. In 1898, Hackenschmidt trained at Krajewski's and was supported by Count Georgy Ribeaupierre. In April, the club organized a competition in weightllifting for the title of Russian champion, which

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to take place the following June, but when he began working out he felt such pain in his right knee that it was painful even to walk. It necessitated surgery, but Hackenschmidt decided at that point to retire and pursue his other interests in philosophy, physical culture and gardening.

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in London on 30 January 1904. Because of all the ballyhoo, the Olympia was packed and traffic was jammed from the Olympia back to Piccadilly. Hackenschmidt picked up Madrali and threw him down onto his arm, dislocating his shoulder. The contest had lasted about two minutes.

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confident of the outcome". However, Gotch, tearing into Hackenschmidt with a vengeance, discovered the weakness quickly and took advantage of it. Hackenschmidt was easy prey for Gotch, losing in straight falls in only 20 minutes. Gotch clinched the match with his signature

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and Joe Rogers. All four challenged Hackenschmidt, and he agreed to compete against the strongest of them, which should determine the tournament. In England, Hackenschmidt attended a match between Zbyszko and Poddubny, which Zbyszko won. Rogers was unable to compete due to

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Handsome as well as powerfully built, Hackenschmidt was adored by women and admired by men. Personally a soft-spoken, cultured and intellectual young man, he could speak seven languages fluently and became a noted author, speaker and philosopher. United States President

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under catch-as-catch-can rules, which Hackenschmidt by now preferred. Jenkins put up a hard battle, but Hackenschmidt again won in two straight falls, the first in 31 minutes, 14 seconds, and the second in 22 minutes, 4 seconds. He was declared the inaugural

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He remained physically fit well into old age, and at 56 he could jump over a 4-foot, 6-inch high board ten times. Even through his mid-80s, he would jump fifty times over a chair once a week, bench press 150 pounds and run seven miles in 45 minutes.

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to the trainer Siebert, who helped him to gain weight, which dropped due to the heavy schedule. During this time, he jumped 100 times over a table with his feet tied together. He won tournaments everywhere he wrestled, and toured England in 1903

1960:'s apprentice. He joined the city's Athletic and Cycling Club, becoming an ardent cyclist and winning prizes, but also developed a keen interest in wrestling and weight lifting. The turning point in his life came in 1896 when another Estonian, 2245:. Ten minutes later, the second bout began, which Hackenschmidt successfully finished in 11 minutes, 11 seconds. For the next 6 months, Hackenschmidt performed in music halls, after which he agreed to a rematch with "Terrible Turk" Madrali by 2620:, it stated that Hackenschmidt developed a "system of philosophy based on the values of spirituality, vegetarianism and self-control." His vegetarian diet of fresh uncooked foods avoided "everything which has been artificialised in any way". 2062:, where he performed under an assumed name as a weightlifter and wrestler. During this period Hackenschmidt still noted his lack of wrestling technique, which he made up for with strength. In the summer of 1898, Hackenschmidt travelled to 2109:, making his first appearance as a professional wrestler in Russia. He competed for two prizes, and won both, becoming champion of Moscow and St. Petersburg. During the tournament he competed almost daily against 3-5 opponents. At the 2224:

and subsequently most major league US versions of this title in the 20th and 21st centuries trace their roots back to this match. He then wrestled in Canada and returned to England for a long list of music hall engagements.

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and strongman, toured in Reval with a small troupe, challenging any and all comers. Hackenschmidt took up the challenge and was beaten. German wrestler Fritz Konietzko came to Reval in 1897, and Hackenschmidt fared better.

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commented that Hackenschmidt was a considerable meat eater during the height of his wrestling career and would eat steak and half a dozen eggs as a snack but did not eat tinned foods. In opposition to this, sportswriter

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with an audience of 16,000. Munro was 7 cm taller and 5.5 kg heavier. Heavy rain throughout the performance hindered both wrestlers. The first fall ended after 40 minutes and 22 seconds when Munro surrendered from a

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Wrestling historian Mike Chapman wrote "In all of athletic history, there are a mere handful of rivalries between individual stars that have become almost as large as the sport itself. In boxing, such matchups as

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down. He bullied him around the ring, and his thumbing and butting left Hackenschmidt covered in blood. At one time, Gotch also punched Hackenschmidt on the nose. Hackenschmidt complained to the

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Hackenschmidt won. In late April, in St. Petersburg he defeated the French wrestler Paul Pons in 45 minutes. In preparation to performing in front of an audience, Krajewski sent Hackenschmidt to

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In late 1897-early 1898, Hackenschmidt suffered a minor hand injury at the factory and consulted a doctor who was acquainted with Dr. Vladislav Krajewski, who was in the service of the

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In March 1901, Hackenschmidt suffered the death of his mentor Krajewski, whom he considered his second father. On November 30, 1901, the World Championship of Wrestling opened at the

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The years spanning Hackenschmidt's professional career are called the Golden Age of professional wrestling. Not only were professional wrestling matches more widely believed to be

2403:", requiring treatment, and had acted up again in 1907. Furthermore, according to Hackenschmidt, his sparring partners for this match were Americus (Gus Schoenlein), Jacobus Koch, 5391: 2370:, where Hackenschmidt defeated Rogers in a short bout. Hackenschmidt was then scheduled to face Zbyszko, but the match was canceled due to knee problems. The wrestler went to 2374:, where he underwent knee surgery, followed by a long recovery. During his rehabilitation, Hackenschmidt wrote that the only opponent he was interested in was Frank Gotch. 2407:

and Dr. Roller. Ad Santel is not mentioned in any account of Hackenschmidt's training by either Hackenschmidt or Roller, both of whom offered their insights and accounts.

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for the World Wrestling Championships. There he received his moniker, "The Russian Lion". After a few matches, he aggravated the injury and went home. Doctors treated him

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won and set a world record at the London tournament in July 1961, George Hackenschmidt gave him the medal and presented Vlasov his picture with a dedicatory inscription.

1871:) and lived most of his life in London, England, where he was nicknamed "The Russian Lion". He is believed to be the creator of the professional wrestling version of the 2747: 2734: 2484:

Hackenschmidt was already hospitalized at St. Francis Hospital in Dulwich, a suburb of London, when he died on 19 February 1968. He was 89 years old. He was cremated at

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Hackenschmidt became a naturalized French citizen in 1939, and then became a British subject in 1946. He lived with his French wife Rachel in South Norwood, London.

3133: 1813: 5396: 3613:"He followed a vegetarian diet of fruits, nuts and raw vegetables and drank 11 pints of milk per day. He almost never ate meat and didn't even like cooked food." 2443:, whose name is a reference to his own. Hackenschmidt also helped to popularize many other types of lifts common within the modern training regimen, such as the 4911: 5331: 5401: 5386: 2728: 2161:, himself a proponent of physical culture and exercise, proclaimed, "If I wasn't president of the United States, I would like to be George Hackenschmidt". 2474:. He also taught physical education to members of the House of Lords and served as a judge at the 1948 Mr. Universe show in London won by John Grimek. 1280: 5351: 5336: 2759: 2125:

with 130 wrestlers. Hackenschmidt won first place, received two gold medals (for the lightweight tournament and the heavyweight tournament) and 3000

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style which was regaining popularity. They created a music hall boom in professional wrestling, and Hackenschmidt became a major superstar and

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champion Deli Nelson in 1905, amongst others. He then sailed to the United States for an extended tour and a rematch with Jenkins at the

2043: 1123: 5406: 4904: 4084: 3059: 2793: 2553:, during his career in the ring Hackenschmidt promoted a largely vegetarian diet of "fresh, uncooked food and nuts". He abstained from 1464: 5411: 3749: 2147: 1680: 1675: 1670: 577: 2105:

In May 1900 Hackenschmidt returned to weight training. In July 1900, Hackenschmidt took part in a forty-day wrestling tournament in

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Hackenschmidt was also given to depression and irascibility. When he came to Chicago to train for his first match with Gotch,

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From his earliest years, Hackenschmidt devoted himself to physical development, particularly at the Secondary Science School (

4897: 4696: 3610: 2000: 1665: 1627: 1412: 1103: 1098: 424: 5361: 4107: 3807: 2576:. Cochran noted that Hackenschmidt ate "eight or nine eggs, a porterhouse-steak, and a whole Camembert cheese". Journalist 2447:. During his career, he established numerous weightlifting records, which were improved upon by others in ensuing decades. 2431:

Following his second defeat at the hands of Gotch, upon returning to England, Hackenschmidt was preparing for a match with

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rules to show the English public that the first victory was no accident. He took extra catch lessons from Jack Gromley at

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Jenkins in two straight falls. Hackenschmidt left Cochran's management to tour Australia where he defeated the Australian

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that the quantity of milk prescribed had been a misprint. After retiring from the ring, Hackenschmidt became a strict

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with his wife. His brother Bruno, who was also a wrestler, was also captured in Germany and died in captivity. During

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as president. While observing Hackenschmidt's arm, Dr. Krajewski noticed the athlete's physique and invited him to

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He then sailed to the United States to fulfill his obligation to meet a new challenger from Iowa by the name of

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and demanded a rematch from Hackenschmidt for the loss in USA. The contest was held on February 6, 1908, at

1883:. He was known for his impressive strength, fitness, and flexibility. Later in life, he wrote many books on 4366: 4184: 2216: 2208: 1837: 1354: 1327: 562: 487: 512: 4052: 3266: 4976: 4843: 4329: 4015: 2952: 2550: 2036: 1417: 404: 5289: 5224: 4877: 4637: 4070: 2862: 2472:

The Three Memories and Forgetfulness: What They Are and What Their True Significance Is in Human Life

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Hackenschmidt was an educated man who spoke seven languages. He went on to write books, including

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crowned Russian champion of 1899. In September, despite an arm injury, Hackenschmidt travelled to

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Hackenschmidt was a pioneer in the field of weightlifting. He invented the exercise known as the

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Graduating from school in 1895, he started working at a large engineering factory in Reval as a

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Hooker, The Authentic Wrestler's Adventures Inside the Bizarre World of Professional Wrestling

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Consciousness and Character: True Definitions of Entity, Individuality, Personality, Nonentity

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position. Roller's right foot struck Hackenschmidt's right knee, which in 1904 had developed "

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Throughout his life, Hackenschmidt paid strict attention to his diet. According to historian

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and remained undefeated until he and Frank Gotch finally squared off on 3 April 1908, at the

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in just four minutes, but noted that the Turk was one of the toughest men he had ever faced.

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was the personal philosophy he developed while interned as a prisoner-of-war in Germany.

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Georg Friedrich Heinrich Hackenschmidt (born 1847) and Ida Louise Johansson, who was of

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dyer, accepted Russian citizenship with his wife in 1845; he died about 1881–1882.

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vs. George Hackenschmidt in their rematch at Comiskey Park (September 4, 1911)

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has written that Hackenschmidt rarely ate meat and did not like cooked food.

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Hackenschmidt and Jenkins on the front page of the Daily Mirror, July 2, 1904

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Hackenschmidt and Gotch met again on 4 September 1911, at the newly opened

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a day for training. However, this was later disputed. Hackenschmidt told

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Hackenschmidt continued touring England and defeated the local favorites

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and offered to stay with him, as he saw in him the potential to become a

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of Dorpat), where he took advantage of the gymnasium. He excelled in

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recounted that he once invited Hackenschmidt to dine at his flat in

2512:, he lived with his wife in the family home in the south of France. 1982: 53:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 5092: 4349: 4299: 4062: 3976: 3546:

Managing the Body: Beauty, Health, and Fitness in Britain 1880–1939

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Georg Hackenschmidt vs. Joe Rogers on the cover of Tatler magazine

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Hackenschmidt is alleged to have written that he consumed eleven

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are a part of boxing folklore. In wrestling, there is only one:

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From Milo to Londos, The story of wrestling through the ages

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George Tragos/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame

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On October 28, 1905, Hackenschmidt faced Scottish champion

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Comparison of professional wrestling and mixed martial arts

3844:"Induction Weekend 2022 | Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame" 2683:

H. J. Lutcher Stark Center for Physical Culture and Sports

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University of Texas Private Papers of Georg Hackenschmidt

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Program from Hackenschmidt vs. Gotch on 4 September 1911

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After defeating Jenkins in 1905, Hackenschmidt held the

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Estonian expatriate sportspeople in the United States

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Thesz, Lou, & Kit Bauman, Mike Chapman, editor,

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French Greco-Roman Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

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who is recognized as professional wrestling's first

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January 1999. p. 28. 55. 2772:Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum 2627: 2618:The Concise Encyclopedia of Western Philosophy 2565:and advised moderation in sexual intercourse. 2468:The Way to Live in Health and Physical Fitness 4905: 4078: 3548:. Oxford University Press. p. 44-45, p. 202. 3260: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 2725:European Greco-Roman Heavyweight Championship 1807: 1661:Matches rated 5 or more stars by Dave Meltzer 5332:Baltic-German people from the Russian Empire 3800:"We Give You... The Hackenschmidt Scrapbook" 3558: 3323:(Wrestling Channel Press, 1995–2000), p. 67. 3060:"Hackenschmidt's Great Strength Due To Work" 2479:Man and Cosmic Antagonism to Mind and Spirit 2456:Man and Cosmic Antagonism to Mind and Spirit 16:Estonian strongman and professional wrestler 5402:World Weightlifting Championships medalists 5387:Estonian expatriate sportspeople in England 3814: 3189: 3040:The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives 2267: 4912: 4898: 4085: 4071: 4055: 4046: 3773:"InterMat Rewind: Gotch vs. Hackenschmidt" 3249: 3018:Eesti spordi biograafiline leksikon (ESBL) 2794:Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame 1875:as well as the person who popularised the 1814: 1800: 91: 3959: 3624:Life After Death: The Art of the Obituary 2985: 2415:, which forced Hackenschmidt to concede. 2023:Learn how and when to remove this message 69:Learn how and when to remove this message 5352:20th-century male professional wrestlers 5337:Estonian people of Baltic German descent 3089: 2735:World Heavyweight Wrestling Championship 2587: 2417: 2376: 2343: 2271: 2253:. Hackenschmidt defeated Madrali at the 2183: 2163: 1898: 420:2000 All Japan Pro Wrestling mass exodus 5377:People associated with physical culture 2129:. After that Georg went to the town of 5304: 3888:Frank Gotch, World's Greatest Wrestler 3770: 3502: 3106:"Georg Hackenschmidt. "Valitseda elu"" 2933: 2837: 2835: 1581:Chris Benoit double-murder and suicide 5184: 4931: 4893: 4066: 3655:Rée, Jonathan; Urmson, J. O. (2005). 3626:. Melbourne University Press. p. 90. 3544:Zweiniger-Bargielowska, Ina. (2010). 3167: 3165: 3094:(in Estonian). Tallinn: Eesti raamat. 3085: 3083: 3081: 3042:. pg. 340. Simon and Schuster, 2004. 2947: 2945: 2168:Hackenschmidt on a press photo (1900) 1628:Vince McMahon sex trafficking scandal 4108:Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths 4092: 3797: 3747: 3391:Sporting London: A Race Through Time 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2721:- 1st place, Greco-Roman, openweight 2704:- 3rd place, weightlifting decathlon 2500:, Hackenschmidt was interned by the 2222:World Heavyweight Wrestling Champion 2086:of two dumbbells, one-hand press in 2005:adding citations to reliable sources 1976: 18: 5347:19th-century professional wrestlers 3582:Fits & Starts: Collected Pieces 2986:Paramonov, Riho (1 December 2017). 2832: 1470:Wrestling personalities in politics 13: 5342:Estonian people of Swedish descent 4042:George Hackenschmidt's profile at 3933: 3890:. William S. Hein & Co., Inc. 3421: 3264: 3162: 3078: 2942: 2518:He was a great friend with famous 14: 5428: 5407:WWE Hall of Fame Legacy inductees 3999: 3982:Top 100 Pro Wrestlers of all Time 3134:"Hackenschmidt Genealogy Network" 2910: 2893:"unoffical European Championship" 2880: 2850: 2702:World Weightlifting Championships 2690:Championships and accomplishments 2667:Fall Guys – The Barnums of Bounce 2068:World Weightlifting Championships 1941:, cycling, gymnastics, swimming, 1576:Animals in professional wrestling 373:History of professional wrestling 178:175 cm (5 ft 9 in) 5412:Burials at West Norwood Cemetery 5284: 5283: 4873: 4872: 3916:A Pictorial History of Wrestling 3879: 3567:Cochran, Charles Blake. (1925). 2957:Stockholms-Tidningen Eestlastele 2719:European Wrestling Championships 2694: 2491: 2072:European Wrestling Championships 1981: 1907:Georg Hackenschmidt was born in 356: 307: 274: 245: 23: 5367:Estonian professional wrestlers 4039: (archived 3 December 2008) 3980:& John F. Molinaro (2002). 3850: 3836: 3791: 3771:Palmer, Mark (28 August 2007). 3764: 3741: 3729: 3717: 3705: 3693: 3681: 3669: 3649: 3636: 3616: 3595: 3496: 3484: 3471: 3453: 3442: 3415: 3403: 3383: 3362: 3350: 3338: 3326: 3313: 3301: 3289: 3277: 3237: 3225: 3213: 3201: 3177: 3126: 3098: 2936:The Path to Strength and Health 2844:This Month in History: February 2381:Gotch vs. Hackenschmidt in 1911 1992:needs additional citations for 1827:Georg Karl Julius Hackenschmidt 483:Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling 458:All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling 405:1994 NWA World Title Tournament 106:Georg Karl Julius Hackenschmidt 4921:WWE Hall of Fame - Legacy Wing 3940:Chow, Broderick D. V. (2015). 3904: 3711: 3699: 3675: 3344: 3332: 3283: 3207: 3052: 3032: 3006: 2979: 2934:George, Hackenschmidt (1911). 2531:United States Military Academy 2113:tournament, Hackenschmidt met 548:Total Nonstop Action Wrestling 478:Extreme Championship Wrestling 473:Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre 468:American Wrestling Association 1: 3961:10.1080/13528165.2015.1095910 3580:Richardson, Maurice. (1979). 3509:. I. V. Petrova. : Lenizdat. 3368:Hackenschmidt, George (2011) 2825: 2787:Wrestling Observer Newsletter 2593: 2452:Complete Science of Wrestling 2427:Retirement and writing career 2198:American heavyweight champion 1973:Professional wrestling career 1894: 1633:WWE–Saudi Arabia relationship 1557:Wrestling Observer Newsletter 385:Early wrestling championships 169:Professional wrestling career 4185:Edward William Barton-Wright 4028:Wrestling-titles.com profile 3885: 3798:Todd, Terry (18 July 2011). 3735: 3723: 3490: 3356: 3307: 3295: 3243: 3231: 3183: 3171: 2708: 2078:, simultaneous press of two 563:World Championship Wrestling 488:Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling 7: 5362:Estonian male weightlifters 5225:"Dr. Death" Steve Williams 2628:Wrestling style and persona 513:National Wrestling Alliance 49:the claims made and adding 10: 5433: 5372:Estonian strength athletes 4133:Francisco Amorós y Ondeano 3822:"French Heavyweight Title" 3775:. Intermat. Archived from 3642:Roberts, Frank C. (1961). 3584:. Michael Joseph. p. 120. 3372:(Modern Reprint Edition). 3141:hackenschmidt-eu-gennet.de 3064:Classic Wrestling Articles 2551:Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska 2196:, Hackenschmidt faced the 1854:world heavyweight champion 794:Satoru "Tiger Mask" Sayama 97:Hackenschmidt, circa. 1905 5382:Professional bodybuilders 5279: 5233: 5195: 5191: 5185: 5180: 5111: 5048: 4990: 4942: 4938: 4932: 4927: 4867: 4821: 4770: 4704: 4695: 4385: 4167: 4158: 4151: 4100: 3913: 3687: 3644:Obituaries from the Times 3219: 3114:(in Estonian). 8 May 1998 2656: 1924:Philipp Hackenschmidt, a 1543:Pro Wrestling Illustrated 568:World Wonder Ring Stardom 543:Tokyo Joshi Pro-Wrestling 503:Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide 331: 299: 292: 266: 259: 240: 236: 225: 218: 210: 202: 190: 186:100 kg (220 lb) 182: 174: 167: 147: 110: 102: 90: 85: 5327:People from Kreis Dorpat 4016:Wrestling Museum profile 3569:The Secrets of a Showman 3389:Tames, Richard. (2005). 2988:"Kõige kuulsam eestlane" 2953:"Üks eesti jõukangelane" 2268:Rivalry with Frank Gotch 2207:rules. Nevertheless, he 1622:United States v. McMahon 1515:Fighting Spirit Magazine 928:Paul "Triple H" Levesque 5322:Sportspeople from Tartu 4021:31 October 2019 at the 3984:. Winding Stair Press. 3905:Fleischer, Nat (1936). 3622:Starck, Nigel. (2006). 3601:Freedman, Lew. (2018). 3090:Langsepp, Olaf (1971). 2544: 1903:Hackenschmidt, ca. 1900 1601:Murder of Bruiser Brody 918:Stone Cold Steve Austin 518:New Japan Pro-Wrestling 493:Jim Crockett Promotions 453:All Japan Pro Wrestling 4805:Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao 3886:Chapman, Mike (1990). 3750:"George Hackenschmidt" 3571:. W. Heinemann. p. 117 3503:Vlasov, Ju.P. (1989). 3477:Langsepp, Olaf (1968) 3267:"George Hackenschmidt" 3014:"Hackenschmidt, Georg" 2597: 2423: 2390:professional wrestler 2382: 2349: 2280: 2189: 2169: 2044:Vladimir Alexandrovich 1904: 1398:Cauliflower Alley Club 350:Professional wrestling 301:European Championships 5417:Estonian bodybuilders 5154:Professor Toru Tanaka 4829:Battle of the Systems 4673:Warren Lincoln Travis 4438:Marie Bjelke Petersen 4245:Edith Margaret Garrud 4113:Friedrich Ludwig Jahn 3942:"A Professional Body" 3914:Kent, Graeme (1968). 3659:. 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ABC-Clio. p. 108. 3465:wildabouthoudini.com 3092:George Hackenschmidt 2001:improve this article 1966:Greco-Roman wrestler 1829:(1 August [ 1522:Live Audio Wrestling 1365:Sports entertainment 601:George Hackenschmidt 508:Maple Leaf Wrestling 430:Wednesday Night Wars 86:George Hackenschmidt 5205:Baron Michele Leone 4290:Jørgen Peter Müller 3760:on 1 February 2009. 3506:Spravedlivost ́sily 3479:Georg Hackenschmidt 3150:on 22 February 2014 3020:(in Estonian). 2011 2651:Dr. Benjamin Roller 2527:George Bernard Shaw 1606:Murder of Rikidōzan 680:The Fabulous Moolah 448:All Elite Wrestling 268:World Championships 4732:Ambika Charan Guha 4648:Genevieve Stebbins 4325:Clara Schlaffhorst 3810:on 12 August 2011. 3779:on 17 October 2022 3748:Malnoske, Andrew. 3481:. Tallinn. Lk. 69. 3430:on 17 October 2011 2967:. 15 November 1958 2663:honestly contested 2598: 2578:Maurice Richardson 2570:Charles B. Cochran 2433:Stanislaus Zbyszko 2424: 2383: 2355:Stanislaus Zbyszko 2350: 2281: 2190: 2170: 2159:Theodore Roosevelt 2144:catch-as-catch-can 2138:by the flamboyant 2066:to compete at the 1905: 1867:(then part of the 1850:sports philosopher 1691:Wrestling families 1651:Attendance records 1586:Death of Owen Hart 1159:Catch-as-catch-can 641:Salvador Lutteroth 595:Early 20th Century 558:Women of Wrestling 538:Stampede Wrestling 523:Pro Wrestling Noah 463:All Star Wrestling 442:Notable promotions 34:possibly contains 5299: 5298: 5275: 5274: 5271: 5270: 5176: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5083:Lord Alfred Hayes 5010:Haystacks Calhoun 4982:Sailor Art Thomas 4887: 4886: 4844:Muscular religion 4817: 4816: 4813: 4812: 4691: 4690: 4643:Amos Alonzo Stagg 4578:Bernarr Macfadden 4543:Annette Kellerman 4488:Keene Fitzpatrick 4393:Marguerite Agniel 4372:Emily Diana Watts 4340:Lionel Strongfort 4240:Gustav Frištenský 4215:Launceston Elliot 4205:François Delsarte 4053:Wrestlingdata.com 3611:978-1-4408-5350-0 3196:Cornish Wrestling 2368:Oxford Music Hall 2320:–Hackenschmidt". 2213:Cornish wrestling 2194:Royal Albert Hall 2192:On 2 July at the 2033: 2032: 2025: 1824: 1823: 1596:Montreal Screwjob 1455:Ribera Steakhouse 1293:Glossary of terms 1281:World Heavyweight 1254:Wrestling singlet 1142:British wrestling 996: 982:Hiroshi Tanahashi 937: 823: 719: 655: 597: 553:UWF International 410:Monday Night Wars 335: 334: 325: 324: 151:February 19, 1968 79: 78: 71: 36:original research 5424: 5287: 5286: 5248:Dick the Bruiser 5210:Brickhouse Brown 5193: 5192: 5182: 5181: 5005:Dr. Jerry Graham 4940: 4939: 4929: 4928: 4914: 4907: 4900: 4891: 4890: 4876: 4875: 4849:Yoga as exercise 4702: 4701: 4653:Alois P. Swoboda 4563:Diocletian Lewis 4538:George F. Jowett 4483:Carrica Le Favre 4473:Ludwig Durlacher 4463:C. Ward Crampton 4335:Mary Bagot Stack 4270:F. A. Hornibrook 4265:Oscar Heidenstam 4210:Edmond Desbonnet 4165: 4164: 4156: 4155: 4128:Franz Nachtegall 4123:Pehr Henrik Ling 4094:Physical culture 4087: 4080: 4073: 4064: 4063: 4059: 4050: 3995: 3973: 3963: 3929: 3910: 3909:. The Ring, Inc. 3901: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3806:. Archived from 3795: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3756:. Archived from 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3653: 3647: 3640: 3634: 3620: 3614: 3599: 3593: 3578: 3572: 3565: 3556: 3542: 3529: 3528: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3457: 3451: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3426:. 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Jones 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5054: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5025:Luther Lindsay 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 5000:Bearcat Wright 4996: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4948: 4946: 4936: 4935: 4925: 4924: 4917: 4916: 4909: 4902: 4894: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4881: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4808: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4776: 4774: 4768: 4767: 4765: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4722:The Great Gama 4719: 4714: 4708: 4706: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4603:Harry Paschall 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4583:Artie McGovern 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4548:Siegmund Klein 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4513:Joe Greenstein 4510: 4505: 4503:John B. Gagnon 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4458:Edwin Checkley 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4428:George Brosius 4425: 4420: 4415: 4413:Pierre Bernard 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4389: 4387: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4358: 4357: 4352: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4305:William Pullum 4302: 4297: 4295:Hartvig Nissen 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4260:Georges Hébert 4257: 4252: 4250:Hermann Görner 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4171: 4169: 4162: 4153: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4104: 4102: 4098: 4097: 4090: 4089: 4082: 4075: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4040: 4030: 4025: 4013: 4001: 4000:External links 3998: 3997: 3996: 3990: 3974: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3924: 3911: 3902: 3896: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3874: 3849: 3835: 3813: 3790: 3763: 3740: 3728: 3716: 3704: 3692: 3680: 3668: 3648: 3635: 3615: 3594: 3590:978-0718118211 3573: 3557: 3554:978-0199280520 3530: 3515: 3495: 3483: 3470: 3452: 3441: 3414: 3402: 3399:978-1905286065 3382: 3361: 3349: 3347:, pp. 114–120. 3337: 3335:, pp. 122–124. 3325: 3312: 3300: 3288: 3276: 3248: 3236: 3224: 3222:, pp. 148–161. 3212: 3210:, pp. 153–177. 3200: 3188: 3186:, pp. 146–155. 3176: 3161: 3125: 3097: 3077: 3051: 3031: 3005: 2978: 2941: 2909: 2879: 2849: 2842:"Power Slam". 2830: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2821: 2820: 2803: 2802: 2801: 2782: 2781: 2780: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2756: 2755: 2754: 2743: 2742: 2732: 2722: 2715: 2710: 2707: 2706: 2705: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2658: 2655: 2629: 2626: 2610:Atholl Oakeley 2592:Hackenschmidt 2546: 2543: 2493: 2490: 2428: 2425: 2405:Wladek Zbyszko 2269: 2266: 2255:Olympia London 2088:military style 2048:St. Petersburg 2031: 2030: 1989: 1987: 1980: 1974: 1971: 1896: 1893: 1869:Russian Empire 1822: 1821: 1819: 1818: 1811: 1804: 1796: 1793: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1777: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1705: 1703:Related topics 1702: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1553: 1546: 1539: 1532: 1525: 1518: 1511: 1504: 1497: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1427: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1418:Luchador films 1410: 1405: 1400: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1380:Wrestling ring 1377: 1375:Weight classes 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1336: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1290: 1285: 1284: 1283: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1262: 1261: 1259:Wrestling shoe 1256: 1251: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1225: 1224: 1223: 1211: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1190: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1161: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1149: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1119:United Kingdom 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 990: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 957:Eddie Guerrero 954: 949: 944: 931: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 898:Shawn Michaels 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 843:The Undertaker 840: 838:The Great Muta 835: 830: 817: 816: 811: 809:Hisashi Shinma 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 713: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 649: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 606:The Great Gama 603: 592: 590:Notable people 589: 588: 585: 584: 581: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 444: 441: 440: 437: 436: 433: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 400:Black Saturday 397: 392: 390:Gold Dust Trio 387: 382: 381: 380: 369: 366: 365: 362: 361: 353: 352: 346: 345: 333: 332: 329: 328: 323: 322: 319: 312: 304: 303: 297: 296: 290: 289: 286: 279: 271: 270: 264: 263: 257: 256: 253:Russian Empire 238: 237: 232: 228: 227: 226: 223: 222: 216: 215: 212: 208: 207: 204: 200: 199: 192: 188: 187: 184: 180: 179: 176: 172: 171: 165: 164: 155:(aged 89) 149: 145: 144: 132:Russian Empire 121:August 1, 1878 112: 108: 107: 104: 100: 99: 96: 88: 87: 77: 76: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5429: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5292: 5291: 5282: 5281: 5278: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5253:Ethel Johnson 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5232: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5183: 5179: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5149:Primo Carnera 5147: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5121:Bruiser Brody 5119: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5110: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5058:Boris Malenko 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4972:Mildred Burke 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4915: 4910: 4908: 4903: 4901: 4896: 4895: 4892: 4880: 4879: 4870: 4869: 4866: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4820: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4795:Shri Yogendra 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4785:Kuvalayananda 4783: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4769: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4694: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4593:Ralph Parcaut 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4528:Roy Hilligenn 4526: 4524: 4523:Milo Hastings 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4508:Vince Gironda 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4468:Jack Delinger 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4433:Drexel Biddle 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4403:Clarence Bass 4401: 4399: 4398:Charles Atlas 4396: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4378: 4377:Freddie Welsh 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4367:Ronald Walker 4365: 4363: 4360: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4230:Eileen Fowler 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4175:Bert Assirati 4173: 4172: 4170: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4150: 4144: 4143:Thomas Topham 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4088: 4083: 4081: 4076: 4074: 4069: 4068: 4065: 4058: 4054: 4049: 4045: 4044:Cagematch.net 4041: 4038: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4020: 4017: 4014: 4011: 4007: 4004: 4003: 3993: 3991:1-55366-305-5 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3937: 3927: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3899: 3893: 3889: 3884: 3883: 3880:Cited sources 3863: 3859: 3853: 3845: 3839: 3823: 3817: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3794: 3778: 3774: 3767: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3744: 3737: 3732: 3725: 3720: 3713: 3708: 3701: 3696: 3689: 3684: 3677: 3672: 3666: 3665:0-415-32924-8 3662: 3658: 3652: 3645: 3639: 3633: 3632:0-522-85256-4 3629: 3625: 3619: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3598: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3570: 3564: 3562: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3516:5-289-00374-6 3512: 3508: 3507: 3499: 3492: 3487: 3480: 3474: 3466: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3445: 3429: 3425: 3418: 3411: 3406: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3365: 3359:, pp. 91–102. 3358: 3353: 3346: 3341: 3334: 3329: 3322: 3316: 3309: 3304: 3297: 3292: 3286:, pp. 98–104. 3285: 3280: 3272: 3268: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3245: 3240: 3233: 3228: 3221: 3216: 3209: 3204: 3197: 3192: 3185: 3180: 3173: 3168: 3166: 3146: 3142: 3135: 3129: 3113: 3112: 3107: 3101: 3093: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3065: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3048:0-684-80663-0 3045: 3041: 3035: 3019: 3015: 3009: 2994:(in Estonian) 2993: 2992:Ajakiri Sport 2989: 2982: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2948: 2946: 2937: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2898: 2894: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2868: 2864: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2845: 2838: 2836: 2831: 2818: 2817:Class of 2016 2814: 2811: 2810: 2809: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2798:Class of 1996 2795: 2792: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2788: 2783: 2779: 2778:Class of 2002 2776: 2775: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2765:Class of 2021 2764: 2763: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2753:Class of 2003 2752: 2751: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2703: 2699: 2698: 2695:Weightlifting 2687: 2684: 2679: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2654: 2652: 2647: 2644: 2639: 2636: 2635:C. B. Cochran 2625: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2590: 2586: 2584: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2542: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2523:Harry Houdini 2521: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2502:German Empire 2499: 2492:Personal life 2489: 2487: 2482: 2480: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2434: 2420: 2416: 2414: 2408: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2387:Comiskey Park 2379: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2359:Ivan Poddubny 2356: 2346: 2342: 2339: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2278: 2274: 2265: 2263: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2235: 2234:Ibrox Stadium 2231: 2226: 2223: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2199: 2195: 2186: 2182: 2179: 2175: 2166: 2162: 2160: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2140:C. B. Cochran 2137: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2038: 2027: 2024: 2016: 2006: 2002: 1996: 1995: 1990:This section 1988: 1984: 1979: 1978: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1954: 1952: 1951:weightlifting 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1929: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1913:Baltic German 1910: 1901: 1892: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1817: 1812: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1798: 1797: 1795: 1794: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1734:Shootfighting 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1700: 1699: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1656:Championships 1654: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1642: 1641: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1623: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1570:Controversies 1567: 1566: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1552: 1551: 1547: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1531: 1530: 1526: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1517: 1516: 1512: 1510: 1509: 1505: 1503: 1502: 1498: 1496: 1495: 1491: 1490: 1487:Media outlets 1484: 1483: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1438:Thomas Eakins 1436: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1389: 1388: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1244: 1243: 1237: 1236: 1229: 1226: 1222: 1221: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1200: 1199:Mini-Estrella 1196: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1164:Cruiserweight 1162: 1160: 1157: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1133: 1132: 1125: 1124:United States 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 998: 997: 995: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 942:Chris Jericho 940: 939: 938: 936: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 878:Eric Bischoff 876: 874: 871: 869: 868:Atsushi Onita 866: 864: 861: 859: 858:Kenta Kobashi 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 825: 824: 822: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 784:Vince McMahon 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 739:Antonio Inoki 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 721: 720: 718: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 675:Mildred Burke 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 657: 656: 654: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 598: 596: 587: 586: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 528:Ring of Honor 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 445: 439: 438: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 379: 376: 375: 374: 371: 370: 364: 363: 359: 355: 354: 351: 348: 347: 343: 339: 338: 330: 320: 317: 313: 306: 305: 302: 298: 295: 291: 287: 284: 280: 273: 272: 269: 265: 262: 261:Weightlifting 258: 254: 241:Representing 239: 235: 224: 221: 220:Sports career 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 198: 193: 189: 185: 183:Billed weight 181: 177: 175:Billed height 173: 170: 166: 163: 159: 150: 146: 142: 138: 133: 129: 125: 113: 109: 105: 101: 94: 89: 84: 81: 73: 70: 62: 52: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 21: 20: 5288: 5140:Joseph Cohen 5103:Stan Stasiak 5073:Hiro Matsuda 5030:Martin Burns 4977:Pat O'Connor 4961: 4871: 4762:Monotosh Roy 4742:Guru Hanuman 4712:Manohar Aich 4705:Bodybuilding 4658:Armand Tanny 4628:Tony Sansone 4613:Steve Reeves 4553:Jack LaLanne 4453:Alan Calvert 4320:Arthur Saxon 4315:Eugen Sandow 4254: 4225:Juan Ferrero 4138:Adolf Spiess 3981: 3978:Dave Meltzer 3954:(5): 30–41. 3951: 3945: 3915: 3906: 3887: 3865:. 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George Hackenschmidt

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