George Boole - Knowledge

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Will and Testament of George Boole late of Litchfield Cottage Blackrock in the County of Cork Esquire L.L.D. deceased of the one part and Francis Heard of Ballintemple in the County of Cork, Esquire, Captain in her Majesty’s eighty seventh Regiment of South Cork, Militia of the other part Whereby after reciting that by Indenture of Lease bearing date the twenty seventh day of March one thousand eight hundred and fifty six made between John Litchfield of Ballymaloo in the County of Cork, Esquire, of the one part and William Jackson Cummins of the City of Cork, Doctor in Medicine of the other part, the said John Litchfield demised unto the said William Jackson Cummins All that and those the dwelling house called Litchfield Cottage with the premises and appurtenances thereunto also reciting that the said George Boole having before his death duly made and published his last Will and Testament in writing and thereby bequeathed all his Estate term and interest in said hereinbefore recited Indenture of Lease and premises thereby demised unto the said Mary Boole party of said deed of which this is the Memorial and said Will was afterwards duly proved by the said Mary Boole in the Court of Probate District of Cork... witnesses as to the execution of said Deed and this Memorial by the said Mary Boole are witnessed by John Knights, Porter at Queens College, Harley Street, London and Jane White, Housekeeper 68 Harley Street, London.

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Boole of Blackrock in the County of Cork, Esquire, Professor of Mathematics of the second part, Wilhelmina Smithwick of Dunmanway in said County of Cork, Spinster, of the third part and John Hewitt Wheatley of Craig House in the County of Sligo, Esquire, of the fourth part reciting a certain Indenture of Mortgage bearing date the fifth day of January one thousand eight hundred and sixty one whereby the said John Hewitt Wheatley in consideration of the sum.... And reciting that George Boole by the name and description of George Boole of Blackrock in the County of Corke, Professor of Mathematics did in or as of Trinity Term one thousand eight hundred and sixty one obtain a Judgement in the Court of Queen's Bench in Ireland against said John Hewitt Wheatley for the sum of four hundred pounds debt besides costs And reciting that said Judgement was duly registered on the ninth of November one thousand eight hundred and sixty one whereby pursuant to the statute in such Case made and provided the Estate and interest of the said John Hewitt Wheatley in said lands and premises became vested in one George Boole but subject to Redemption...

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Equations" and "Treatise on the Calculus of Finite Differences." He contributed to the theory of linear differential equations and the study of the sum of residues of a rational function. In 1847, Boole developed Boolean algebra, a fundamental concept in binary logic, which laid the groundwork for the algebra of logic tradition and forms the foundation of digital circuit design and modern computer science. Boole also attempted to discover a general method in probabilities, focusing on determining the consequent probability of events logically connected to given probabilities. His work was expanded upon by various scholars, such as Charles Sanders Peirce and William Stanley Jevons. Boole's ideas later gained practical applications when Claude Shannon and Victor Shestakov employed Boolean algebra to optimize the design of electromechanical relay systems, leading to the development of modern electronic digital computers. University College Cork celebrated the 200th anniversary of Boole's birth in 2015, highlighting his significant impact on the digital age.

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the Queens College at Cork After reciting that by Indenture of Lease bearing date the Twenty seventh day of March one thousand eight hundred and fifty six, John Litchfield then of Ballymaloo in the County of Cork, Esquire, did for the considerations therein mentioned demise and set unto the said William Jackson Cummins All That and Those the dwelling house with the premises and the Garden and walled in field to the rere thereof hereinafter particularly mentioned and described To Hold the said demised premises To Hold the said dwelling house and premises with the appurtenances unto the said George Boole, his Executors, Administrators and Assigns, from thenceforth for the then residue of the said term of one hundred years then to come and unexpired vested in him the said Edwards Casey...

1449: 500:, England, the son of John Boole Snr (1779–1848), a shoemaker and Mary Ann Joyce. He had a primary school education, and received lessons from his father, but due to a serious decline in business, he had little further formal and academic teaching. William Brooke, a bookseller in Lincoln, may have helped him with Latin, which he may also have learned at the school of Thomas Bainbridge. He was self-taught in modern languages. In fact, when a local newspaper printed his translation of a Latin poem, a scholar accused him of plagiarism under the pretence that he was not capable of such achievements. At age 16, Boole became the breadwinner for his parents and three younger siblings, taking up a junior teaching position in 512: 1049:

in the widest possible application, and for them, the limits of discourse are co-extensive with those of the universe itself. But more usually we confine ourselves to a less spacious field. Sometimes, in discoursing of men we imply (without expressing the limitation) that it is of men only under certain circumstances and conditions that we speak, as of civilised men, or of men in the vigour of life, or of men under some other condition or relation. Now, whatever may be the extent of the field within which all the objects of our discourse are found, that field may properly be termed the

1536:, to rise to the conception of a moral Governor of the World, from the study of the constitution and the moral provisions of our own nature;--these, though but the feeble steps of an understanding limited in its faculties and its materials of knowledge, are of more avail than the ambitious attempt to arrive at a certainty unattainable on the ground of natural religion. And as these were the most ancient, so are they still the most solid foundations, Revelation being set apart, of the belief that the course of this world is not abandoned to chance and inexorable fate." 482: 1831: 690: 702: 54: 1441: 4257: 602: 2560: 718: 582: 646:

thereunto belonging and the Garden and Walled in field to the rere thereof". Boole's will bequeathed all his 'estate term and interest' in the lease of Litchfield Cottage unto his wife. In August 1865, some 8 months after his death, Mary (by then living at 68 Harley Street, London) passed the house on to Francis Heard of Ballintemple, Cork, Esquire, a captain in her Majesty's 87th Regiment of South Cork.

1307: 550:, outside Lincoln, following the death of Robert Hall. In 1840, he moved back to Lincoln, where he ran a boarding school. Boole immediately became involved in the Lincoln Topographical Society, serving as a member of the committee, and presenting a paper entitled "On the origin, progress, and tendencies of polytheism, especially amongst the ancient Egyptians and Persians, and in modern India". 1817: 1845: 1401:"Boole's legacy surrounds us everywhere, in the computers, information storage and retrieval, electronic circuits and controls that support life, learning and communications in the 21st century. His pivotal advances in mathematics, logic and probability provided the essential groundwork for modern mathematics, microelectronic engineering and computer science." 3577:

is applied are independent in the first sense and assumes that it is valid if they are independent in the second sense. While his theorems are true if all propositions or events involved are independent in the first sense, they are not true, as he supposes them to be, if the events are independent only in the second sense."

3530:, volume 4: "The central error in his system of probability arises out of his giving two inconsistent definitions of 'independence' (2) He first wins the reader's acquiescence by giving a perfectly correct definition: "Two events are said to be independent when the probability of either of them is unaffected by our 3612:"That dissertation has since been hailed as one of the most significant master's theses of the 20th century. To all intents and purposes, its use of binary code and Boolean algebra paved the way for the digital circuitry that is crucial to the operation of modern computers and telecommunications equipment." 3576:

are independent. This is plainly inconsistent with Boole's first definition, with which he makes no attempt to reconcile it. The consequences of his employing the term independence in a double sense are far-reaching. For he uses a method of reduction which is only valid when the arguments to which it

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Registry of Deeds, Dublin. Memorial: 1863-011-164 (extract). Registered: 30/03/1863. Memorial of an Intended Deed made between Edwards Casey then of Waterloo Place in the City of Cork, Esquire and George Boole then of Blackrock in the County of Cork, Esquire, L.L.D. then Professor of Mathematics in

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No general method for the solution of questions in the theory of probabilities can be established which does not explicitly recognise, not only the special numerical bases of the science, but also those universal laws of thought which are the basis of all reasoning, and which, whatever they may be as

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My husband told me that when he was a lad of seventeen a thought struck him suddenly, which became the foundation of all his future discoveries. It was a flash of psychological insight into the conditions under which a mind most readily accumulates knowledge For a few years he supposed himself to be

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In every discourse, whether of the mind conversing with its own thoughts, or of the individual in his intercourse with others, there is an assumed or expressed limit within which the subjects of its operation are confined. The most unfettered discourse is that in which the words we use are understood

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Registry of Deeds, Dublin. Memorial: 1865-030-121 (extract). Registered: 20/10/1865. Memorial of a certain Deed of Assignment bearing date the Twenty first day of August one thousand eight hundred and sixty five and made between Mary Boole of 68 Harley Street, London, Widow and Executrix of the Last

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Registry of Deeds, Dublin. Memorial: 1863-007-257 (extract). A Memorial of an Indenture of Re-Conveyance bearing date the seventh day of February one thousand eight hundred and sixty three made between William Hutchinson Massey of Mountmassey in the County of Cork, Esquire, of the first part, George

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In March 1863, Boole leased Litchfield Cottage, Cork, the house in which he would live with his wife Mary until his death in December of the following year. The premises was described in the deeds as "all that and those the dwelling house called Litchfield Cottage with the premises and appurtenances

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to the university, a distance of three miles, and lectured wearing his wet clothes. He soon became ill, developing pneumonia. As his wife believed that remedies should resemble their cause, she wrapped him in wet blankets – the wet having brought on his illness. Boole's condition worsened and on 8

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understood, I feel sure; and a few others, but nearly all the logicians and mathematicians ignored the statement that the book was meant to throw light on the nature of the human mind; and treated the formula entirely as a wonderful new method of reducing to logical order masses of evidence about

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Boole was the son of a shoemaker. He received a primary school education and learned Latin and modern languages through various means. At 16, he began teaching to support his family. He established his own school at 19 and later ran a boarding school in Lincoln. Boole was an active member of local

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MacHale does not repress this or other evidence of the Boole's nineteenth-century beliefs and practices in the paranormal and in religious mysticism. He even concedes that George Boole's many distinguished contributions to logic and mathematics may have been motivated by his distinctive religious

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Boole published around 50 articles and several separate publications in his lifetime. Some of his key works include a paper on early invariant theory and "The Mathematical Analysis of Logic," which introduced symbolic logic. Boole also wrote two systematic treatises: "Treatise on Differential

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which introduced him to Boole's studies. Shannon recognised that Boole's work could form the basis of mechanisms and processes in the real world and that it was therefore highly relevant. In 1937 Shannon went on to write a master's thesis, at the

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then used in telephone routing switches. He also proved that circuits with relays could solve Boolean algebra problems. Employing the properties of electrical switches to process logic is the basic concept that underlies all modern electronic

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MacHale's biography calls George Boole 'an agnostic deist'. Both Booles' classification of 'religious philosophies' as monistic, dualistic, and trinitarian left little doubt about their preference for 'the unity religion', whether Judaic or

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when they are not free to occur in every possible combination; in other words, when some compound event depending upon them is precluded from occurring. ... Simple unconditioned events are by definition independent." (1) In fact as long as

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of the occurrence or failure of the other." (3) But a moment later he interprets the term in quite a different sense; for, according to Boole's second definition, we must regard the events as independent unless we are told either that they

808: 2095: 1104:. This other possibility extends from the disjoint union case, where exclusive or and non-exclusive or both give the same answer. Handling this ambiguity was an early problem of the theory, reflecting the modern use of both 631:, there in 1850 while she was visiting her uncle John Ryall who was professor of Greek. They married in 1855. He maintained his ties with Lincoln, working there with E. R. Larken in a campaign to reduce prostitution. 1500:

gave a bust of Newton to the Mechanics' Institute in Lincoln. The second justified and celebrated in 1847 the outcome of the successful campaign for early closing in Lincoln, headed by Alexander Leslie-Melville, of

1528:. Boole came to speak against what he saw as "prideful" scepticism, and instead favoured the belief in a "Supreme Intelligent Cause". He also declared "I firmly believe, for the accomplishment of a purpose of the 472:

Boole's contributions to mathematics earned him various honors, including the Royal Society's first gold prize for mathematics, the Keith Medal, and honorary degrees from the Universities of Dublin and Oxford.

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Concluding remarks of his treatise of "Clarke and Spinoza", as found in Boole, George (2007). An Investigation of the Laws of Thought. Cosimo, Inc. Chap . XIII. p. 217-218. (Original work published 1854)

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Think what must have been the effect of the intense Hinduizing of three such men as Babbage, De Morgan, and George Boole on the mathematical atmosphere of 1830–65. What share had it in generating the

1580:. The work contains some remarks on the relationship of logic to religion, but they are slight and cryptic. Boole was apparently disconcerted at the book's reception just as a mathematical toolset: 1000:'s logic. Rather he intended to systematise it, to provide it with a foundation, and to extend its range of applicability. Boole's initial involvement in logic was prompted by a current debate on 730:

Boole's first published paper was "Researches in the theory of analytical transformations, with a special application to the reduction of the general equation of the second order", printed in the

1074:, again not a concept available to Boole as a familiar model. His pioneering efforts encountered specific difficulties, and the treatment of addition was an obvious difficulty in the early days. 1516:

Though his biographer Des MacHale describes Boole as an "agnostic deist", Boole read a wide variety of Christian theology. Combining his interests in mathematics and theology, he compared the

1152:. Here the goal was algorithmic: from the given probabilities of any system of events, to determine the consequent probability of any other event logically connected with those events. 1016:, as it is now called. Boole's approach was ultimately much further reaching than either sides' in the controversy. It founded what was first known as the "algebra of logic" tradition. 755:, moving from the case of constant coefficients on which he had already published, to variable coefficients. The innovation in operational methods is to admit that operations may not 2087: 1124:, which is correct for + as disjunction. Boole kept the result as something undefined. He argued against the result 0, which is correct for exclusive or, because he saw the equation 3791:

International Association for Semiotic Studies; International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies; International Social Science Council (1995). "A tale of two amateurs".

1383:, Lupanov, Medvedev and Uspensky. But the first publication of Shestakov's result took place only in 1941 (in Russian). Hence, Boolean algebra became the foundation of practical 2475:

A Selection of Papers relative to the County of Lincoln, read before the Lincolnshire Topographical Society, 1841–1842. Printed by W. and B. Brooke, High-Street, Lincoln, 1843.

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against one John Hewitt Wheatley of Craig House, Sligo for the sum of £400, whereby Wheatley's estate and interest in lands of Maghan/Mahon, County Cork became vested in Boole.

465:. He continued his involvement in social causes and maintained connections with Lincoln. In 1864, Boole died due to fever-induced pleural effusion after developing pneumonia. 1560:

in Lincoln he found out the true nature of the discovery which had dawned on him. This was that man's mind works by means of some mechanism which "functions normally towards

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In 1857, Boole published the treatise "On the Comparison of Transcendent, with Certain Applications to the Theory of Definite Integrals", in which he studied the sum of

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UCC's George Boole 200 project, featured events, student outreach activities and academic conferences on Boole's legacy in the digital age, including a new edition of

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In 1849, Boole was appointed the first professor of mathematics at Queen's College, Cork (now University College Cork) in Ireland, where he met his future wife,

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Mathematics of the 19th Century: function theory according to Chebyshev, ordinary differential equations, calculus of variations, theory of finite differences

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concur. That is to say, they are independent unless we know for certain that there is, in fact, an invariable connection between them. "The simple events,

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International Association for Semiotic Studies; International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies; International Social Science Council (1996).

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to be seen as the mature statement of his views. Contrary to widespread belief, Boole never intended to criticise or disagree with the main principles of

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convinced of the truth of "the Bible" as a whole, and even intended to take orders as a clergyman of the English Church. But by the help of a learned

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The Social Aspect of Intellectual Culture: an address delivered in the Cork Athenæum, May 29th, 1855 : at the soirée of the Cuvierian Society

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with the three dimensions of space, and was attracted to the Hebrew conception of God as an absolute unity. Boole considered converting to

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and by logicians who subscribe to standard first-order logic. A 2003 article provides a systematic comparison and critical evaluation of

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Some-Side of a Scientific Mind (2013). pp. 112–3. The University Magazine, 1878. London: Forgotten Books. (Original work published 1878)

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Boole replaced the operation of multiplication by the word "and" and addition by the word "or". But in Boole's original system, + was a

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At age 19, Boole successfully established his own school in Lincoln: Free School Lane. Four years later he took over Hall's Academy in

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From 1838 onwards, Boole was making contacts with sympathetic British academic mathematicians and reading more widely. He studied

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dedicated to Boole, depicting his favourite Bible passage (content suggested by his widow), God's calling of the prophet Samuel (

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Boole, George (1851). The claims of science, especially as founded in its relations to human nature; a lecture, Volume 15. p. 24

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Mind." In addition, he stated "To infer the existence of an intelligent cause from the teeming evidence of surrounding

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at Moscow State University (1907–1987) proposed a theory of electric switches based on Boolean logic even earlier than

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is a logic invented by 19th-century British mathematician George Boole, which attempts to incorporate the "empty set".

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Boole's status as a mathematician was recognised by his appointment in 1849 as the first professor of mathematics at

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in the form of symbolic methods, as far as these were understood at the time, and began to publish research papers.

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An Investigation of the Laws of Thought on Which are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities

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In 1844, Boole's paper "On a General Method in Analysis" won the first gold prize for mathematics awarded by the

540: 520: 276: 4210: 3663: 4435: 4425: 3327: 2308: 2253: 1951: 1923: 732: 531:, who knew John Boole through the institution, helped George Boole with mathematics books and he was given the 4278: 4266: 4033: 710: 3166: 2868: 1718:(1919–2004) visited China in the 1930s and 40s and wrote an influential account of the Communist land reform. 1326:. The Boolean combinations make up 16 different propositions, and the lines show which are logically related. 1223: 330: 1070:

of postulated (axiomatic) properties of operations, and deduced properties. His work was a beginning to the

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beliefs as an "agnostic deist" and by an unusual personal sensitivity to the sufferings of other people.

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George afterwards learned, to his great joy, that the same conception of the basis of Logic was held by

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Kak, S. (2018) George Boole’s Laws of Thought and Indian logic. Current Science, vol. 114, 2570–2573

1286:(1877), in work surveyed 15 years later by Johnson. Surveys of these developments were published by 4365: 4228: 3151: 3114: 3053: 2057: 2000: 1358:, in which he showed how Boolean algebra could optimise the design of systems of electromechanical 620: 547: 421: 134: 3615: 2989:"On the Comparison of Transcendent, with Certain Applications to the Theory of Definite Integrals" 2456: 751:

for his memoir of 1844, "On a General Method in Analysis". It was a contribution to the theory of

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in February 1840 (Volume 2, No. 8, pp. 64–73), and it led to a friendship between Boole and

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marked the 200th anniversary of his birth on 2 November 2015 with an algebraic reimaging of its

968: > 0. Generalisations of this identity play an important role in the theory of the 179: 3175:

Mathematics of the 19th century: mathematical logic, algebra, number theory, probability theory

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The Logician and the Engineer: How George Boole and Claude Shannon Created the Information Age

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and had four children. After the sudden death of her husband, Mary Ellen committed suicide in

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and Boolean algebras (which are simply different aspects of one type of structure). Boole and

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Boole, George. Studies in Logic and Probability. 2002. Courier Dover Publications. p. 201-202

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The Mathematical Analysis of Logic, Being an Essay towards a Calculus of Deductive Reasoning

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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

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Boole completed two systematic treatises on mathematical subjects during his lifetime. The

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George Boole's work as first Professor of Mathematics in University College, Cork, Ireland

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In late November 1864, Boole walked, in heavy rain, from his home at Lichfield Cottage in

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Boole, George. Studies in Logic and Probability. 2002. Courier Dover Publications. p. 451

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design; and Boole, via Shannon and Shestakov, provided the theoretical grounding for the

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Boole's work and that of later logicians initially appeared to have no engineering uses.

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The Claims of Science, especially as founded in its relations to human nature; a lecture

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The year 2015 saw the 200th anniversary of Boole's birth. To mark the bicentenary year,

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Her son Leonard Stott, a medical doctor and tuberculosis pioneer, invented a portable

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Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences

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In September 2022, a statue of George Boole in his role as a teacher was unveiled at

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who supported the theory of "quantification of the predicate", and Boole's supporter

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Cima, Joseph A.; Matheson, Alec; Ross, William T. (2005). "The Cauchy transform".

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and the mathematics by which investigations in physical science are now conducted?

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integrated his work with Boole's during the 1870s. Other significant figures were

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Companion Encyclopedia of the History and Philosophy of the Mathematical Sciences

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struggled over just this issue in 1863, in the form of the correct evaluation of

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and lived in China from 1948 until her death on 8 June 2010; she was married to

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Math and mathematicians : the history of math discoveries around the world

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Math and mathematicians : the history of math discoveries around the world

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Math and mathematicians : the history of math discoveries around the world

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Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

1278:. The conception of a Boolean algebra structure on equivalent statements of a 4319: 3035:. Oper. Theory Adv. Appl. Vol. 156. Basel: Birkhäuser. pp. 79–111. 2802: 2579: 2566: 2210: 2117: 1773: 1747: 1577: 1502: 1457: 1434: 1323: 1250:

Boole's work was extended and refined by a number of writers, beginning with

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of subsets. Later authors changed the interpretation, commonly reading it as

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by George Boole; a transcription of an article which originally appeared in

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A Boole Anthology: recent and classical studies in the logic of George Boole

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joined admirers of Boole around the world to celebrate his life and legacy.

701: 4167: 3005: 2988: 2155: 1917: 1777: 1678: 1672: 1606: 1548: 1525: 1283: 1105: 1090: 497: 154: 88: 53: 2141: 2121: 1651:), who later wrote several educational works on her husband's principles. 1440: 4202: 4188: 3587: 2899: 1721: 1181: 1101: 659: 606: 413: 348: 263: 237: 111: 3967:(Reprint ed.). Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. p. 273. 1788:(1862–1904), who was the first female professor of chemistry in England. 601: 3958: 2805:, and in the supplementary volume on differential equations, edited by 2345: 1800: 1707: 1082: 3014: 2847:

for 1862 (under the name G. Boldt, vol. iv. pp. 198–215), and in

802:. Among other results, he proved what is now called Boole's identity: 1729: 1597:

Mary Boole claimed that there was profound influence – via her uncle

997: 505: 501: 1780:

apparatus, and system of navigation based on spherical coordinates.

3117:(2003). "Aristotle's Prior Analytics and Boole's Laws of Thought". 2600:

Vita mathematica: historical research and integration with teaching

1529: 781: 572: 532: 417: 3918:

eds. E. M. Cobham and E. S. Dummer, London, Daniel 1931 pp.947–967

2825:

are found 16 papers. The Royal Society printed six memoirs in the

1884:

is a data type, having two values (usually denoted true and false)

1100:

In fact, there is the other possibility, that + should be read as

1035:; it also reveals the centrality of holistic reference in Boole's 3281:"Have a look inside the home of UCC maths professor George Boole" 2088:"Who is George Boole: the mathematician behind the Google doodle" 1521: 1517: 609:, in which Boole lived between 1849 and 1855, and where he wrote 590: 1794:(1864–1960), who married the Polish scientist and revolutionary 1712:

Jean Hinton (married name Rosner) (1917–2002), a peace activist.

1658:

Mary Ellen (1856–1908) who married the mathematician and author

1375:

in 1935 on the testimony of Soviet logicians and mathematicians

1184:). There is a commemorative plaque inside the adjoining church. 543:. Without a teacher, it took him many years to master calculus. 4207:

The Life and Work of George Boole: A Prelude to the Digital Age

4100:

The Life and Work of George Boole: A Prelude to the Digital Age

2678:

The Life and Work of George Boole: A Prelude to the Digital Age

1739:

Margaret (1858–1935), married Edward Ingram Taylor, an artist.

1561: 1430: 1424:

The Life and Work of George Boole: A Prelude to the Digital Age

1042: 717: 581: 3504:

George Boole: Selected manuscripts on logic and its philosophy

2749:

George Boole: Selected manuscripts on logic and its philosophy

2943:(London, England: Macmillan, Barclay, & Macmillan, 1847). 1634:

to their essence, are at least mathematical as to their form.

1602: 1359: 1306: 675: 393: 352: 3950: 3912:

Indian Thought and Western Science in the Nineteenth Century

3365:

Burris, Stanley (2 September 2018). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).

1557: 1544: 16:

English mathematician, philosopher and logician (1815–1864)

3646:"George Boole 200 – George Boole Bicentenary Celebrations" 2058:"What Boolean Logic Is & How It's Used In Programming" 1513:

was also given in Cork, in 1855 to the Cuvierian Society.

1023:, which was later, and probably independently, adopted by 515:

Greyfriars, Lincoln, which housed the Mechanic's Institute

3649: 3471: 2993:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London

2392:

Edwards, A. W. F. "Bromhead, Sir Edward Thomas French".

1896:, a function that determines Boolean values or operators 1669:

George Hinton (1882–1943), mining engineer and botanist

1539:

Two influences on Boole were later claimed by his wife,

1203:

Boole is the namesake of the branch of algebra known as

1062:

Boole conceived of "elective symbols" of his kind as an

778:

appeared in 1859, and was followed, the next year, by a

3103:

Dictionary of Logic as Applied in the Study of Language

2702:(3). Cambridge Journals Online: 767–770. January 1892. 1444:

5, Grenville Place in 2017 following restoration by UCC

743:

In 1841, Boole published an influential paper in early

458:

societies and collaborated with fellow mathematicians.

1866:, a logical calculus of truth values or set membership 1706:

Sebastian Hinton (1887–1923), lawyer, inventor of the

1480:

Boole's views were given in four published addresses:

3318:. Baker, Lawrence W. Detroit, Mich.: U X L. pp. 3150:, facsimile of 1854 edition, with an introduction by 2908:

Episodes in the History of Modern Algebra (1800–1950)

2299:. Baker, Lawrence W. Detroit, Mich.: U X L. pp. 2244:. Baker, Lawrence W. Detroit, Mich.: U X L. pp. 811: 555:

Boole became a prominent local figure, an admirer of

3274: 3272: 1878:, a mathematical model for digital logical circuits. 1812: 396: 390: 1254:, who also authored the article about Boole in the 1097:; this step means that addition is always defined. 404:; 2 November 1815 – 8 December 1864) was a largely 4001:"Family and Genealogy – His Life George Boole 200" 3311: 3229:. London: Walton & Maberly. pp. 265–275. 2292: 2237: 935: 721:Plaque beneath Boole's window in Lincoln Cathedral 446:, is credited with laying the foundations for the 3401:. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. 30 January 2017. 3371:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 3269: 2831:, and a few other memoirs are to be found in the 1984: 1765:(1860–1940), who made important contributions to 1057: 596: 4317: 3383:– via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 3030: 2971:A treatise on the calculus of finite differences 1609:, in particular, on George Boole, as well as on 1518:Christian trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost 1148:contained a corresponding attempt to discover a 2797:A list of Boole's memoirs and papers is in the 2457:George Boole: Self-Education & Early Career 2082: 2080: 2078: 1872:, a set with operations resembling logical ones 1498:Charles Anderson-Pelham, 1st Earl of Yarborough 1019:Among his many innovations is his principle of 3906: 3904: 3902: 3350:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3072:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3065: 2398:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2331:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2276:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2075: 1509:was given in 1851 at Queen's College, Cork. 1242:in Bracknell, Berkshire is named after him. 1136:= 0, a false analogy with ordinary algebra. 1043:1854 definition of the universe of discourse 763:, the first of his works on symbolic logic. 485:Boole's House and School at 3 Pottergate in 19:"Boole" redirects here. For other uses, see 4162:The Search for Mathematical Roots 1870–1940 1746:became a mathematician and a Fellow of the 1394: 1301: 1245: 627:(UCC)) in Ireland. He met his future wife, 4105:The Extraordinary Case of the Boole Family 3472:"Boole Centre for Research in Informatics" 2187:. Lincoln Boole Foundation. Archived from 1980: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1920:, a ring consisting of idempotent elements 713:), a child dedicated to God by his parents 504:at Heigham's School. He taught briefly in 52: 4273:Cambridge and Dublin Mathematical Journal 3899: 3004: 2816:Cambridge and Dublin Mathematical Journal 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2339: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 1572:Boole used examples of propositions from 1511:The Social Aspect of Intellectual Culture 1494:The Social Aspect of Intellectual Culture 1460:, was funded in part by the Heslam Trust. 843: 839: 835: 766: 668:Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1857 4341:19th-century English non-fiction writers 4148:George Boole 200 Bicentenary Celebration 4102:, Cork University Press, 2014. cited in 3133:(2005) 89–91. Also by Marcel Guillaume, 2845:Bulletin de l'Académie de St-Pétersbourg 1496:. The first of these was from 1835 when 1447: 1439: 1334:published a book on probability theory, 1305: 1191: 1165:December 1864, he died of fever-induced 716: 700: 688: 600: 580: 559:, the bishop. He took part in the local 510: 480: 424:in Ireland. He worked in the fields of 3613: 3368:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3226:An Investigation of the Laws of Thought 3097: 3095: 3069:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2773:"Lincoln Cathedral | Things to do" 2621: 2619: 2395:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2363:"Society for the History of Astronomy, 2154: 1996:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive 1969: 1524:but in the end was said to have chosen 1238:are named in his honour. A road called 1230:, among others, both use the full name 1176:cemetery of St Michael's, Church Road, 4318: 3867: 3580: 3495: 3493: 3364: 3278: 3066:Grattan-Guinness, I. "Boole, George". 3026: 3024: 2570: 2538: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2006: 1222:in many programming languages, though 986:In 1847, Boole published the pamphlet 539:by the Rev. George Stevens Dickson of 4386:Respiratory disease deaths in Ireland 3956: 3761: 3732: 3375:from the original on 2 September 2019 3222: 3162: 3160: 3125:: 261–288. Reviewed by Risto Vilkko. 2986: 2217:from the original on 24 February 2021 2116: 2098:from the original on 4 September 2017 2055: 1356:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1139: 649: 571:in 1847. He associated also with the 432:, and is best known as the author of 4232:. Running Press, Philadelphia. 2007. 3927:Grattan-Guinness and Bornet, p. 16; 3772:from the original on 1 February 2014 3743:from the original on 1 February 2014 3670:from the original on 8 November 2015 3431:from the original on 7 February 2020 3405:from the original on 7 December 2017 3257:from the original on 4 November 2016 3092: 3059: 2954:A treatise on differential equations 2779:from the original on 9 November 2019 2616: 1957:List of pioneers in computer science 1543:: a universal mysticism tempered by 4336:19th-century English mathematicians 4275:, Vol. III (1848), pp. 183–98. 4164:. Princeton University Press. 2000. 4026:`My Right To Die´, Woman Kills Self 4007:from the original on 28 August 2017 3490: 3478:from the original on 16 August 2019 3425:"Death-His Life-- George Boole 200" 3209:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3033:Quad domains and their applications 3021: 2722:from the original on 20 August 2016 2675: 2443:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2418: 2391: 1349:attended a philosophy class at the 615:. (Picture taken during renovation) 13: 4073:"|George Boole 200|News" 3626:from the original on 10 April 2019 3526:Chapter XVI, p. 167, section 6 of 3309: 3197: 3157: 2431: 2290: 2235: 1914:, a 1-bit variables computing unit 1900:Boolean model (probability theory) 1452:Bronze statue of Boole located at 844: 819: 816: 813: 761:The Mathematical Analysis of Logic 705:Detail of stained glass window in 605:The house at 5 Grenville Place in 14: 4457: 4346:19th-century English philosophers 4237: 3594:from the original on 18 July 2011 1207:, as well as the namesake of the 640:Court of Queen's Bench in Ireland 634:In 1861, Boole was involved in a 4376:British male non-fiction writers 4361:Academics of Queens College Cork 4131:George Boole's Lincoln, 1815–49. 3964:Studies in Logic and Probability 3614:Emerson, Andrew (8 March 2001). 3291:from the original on 3 July 2019 3200:"The Algebra of Logic Tradition" 2558: 2164:Scientific American Blog Network 2056:Klein, Michael (21 March 2022). 1940:Principle of wholistic reference 1902:, a model in stochastic geometry 1843: 1829: 1815: 1798:and was the author of the novel 585:Plaque from the house in Lincoln 386: 4244:Roger Parsons' article on Boole 4193:George Boole: His Life and Work 4133:The Survey of Lincoln, Vol.16. 4092: 4079: 4065: 4019: 3993: 3981:from the original on 5 May 2016 3941: 3921: 3858: 3849: 3840: 3831: 3822: 3803: 3784: 3755: 3726: 3706: 3682: 3656: 3638: 3606: 3520: 3464: 3443: 3417: 3387: 3358: 3303: 3243: 3216: 3191: 3140: 3119:History and Philosophy of Logic 3108: 3047: 2980: 2963: 2946: 2924: 2893: 2862: 2799:Catalogue of Scientific Memoirs 2791: 2765: 2734: 2684: 2669: 2659: 2649: 2639: 2592: 2518: 2498: 2478: 2469: 2450: 2385: 2355: 2284: 2229: 1654:The Booles had five daughters: 1150:general method in probabilities 1120:. Jevons argued for the result 975: 786:, a sequel to the former work. 747:. He received a medal from the 223: 123:Bainbridge's Commercial Academy 4351:19th-century English essayists 4258:Works by or about George Boole 3279:Barker, Tommy (13 June 2015). 3101:Witold Marciszewski (editor), 2811:Cambridge Mathematical Journal 2352:. Vol. 57. Royal Irish Academy 2203: 2177: 2148: 2126:. Princeton University Press. 2110: 2049: 2033: 1952:List of Boolean algebra topics 1924:Boolean satisfiability problem 1482:The Genius of Sir Isaac Newton 1058:Treatment of addition in logic 988:Mathematical Analysis of Logic 733:Cambridge Mathematical Journal 597:Professorship and life in Cork 442:. Boolean logic, essential to 1: 4122: 3177:(2001), pp. 15 (note 15)–16; 3167:Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov 2869:Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov 1466:Lincoln Central Train Station 1454:Lincoln Central Train Station 753:linear differential equations 578:, whose wife was a relation. 527:, which was founded in 1833. 476: 4421:People from Lincoln, England 4411:Fellows of the Royal Society 3310:C., Bruno, Leonard (2003) . 3086:UK public library membership 2412:UK public library membership 2291:C., Bruno, Leonard (2003) . 2236:C., Bruno, Leonard (2003) . 2211:"George Boole's Family Tree" 1085:it would correspond only to 521:Lincoln Mechanics' Institute 277:Lincoln Mechanics' Institute 7: 4431:Philosophers of mathematics 4396:English non-fiction writers 3768:. George Purcell & Co. 2046:, Routledge, 2002, ch. 5.1. 1870:Boolean algebra (structure) 1857: 1808: 1757:was a professor of surgery. 1724:(1921–2010) worked for the 1272:Platon Sergeevich Poretskii 789: 759:. In 1847, Boole published 62:The Illustrated London News 10: 4462: 4306:The Genius of George Boole 4045:Mrs. Mary Hinton A Suicide 3171:Adolf Pavlovich Yushkevich 3127:Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 2873:Adolf Pavlovich Yushkevich 2837:Royal Society of Edinburgh 2828:Philosophical Transactions 1703:William Hinton (1886–1909) 1691:artificial neural networks 1675:(1912–1977), entomologist 1468:, in Boole's home town of 1456:. The design, by sculptor 1340:The Last Challenge Problem 1012:who advanced a version of 979: 738:Duncan Farquharson Gregory 666:in 1855 and was elected a 664:Royal Society of Edinburgh 561:campaign for early closing 537:Sylvestre François Lacroix 519:Boole participated in the 492:Boole was born in 1815 in 180:Boole–Fréchet inequalities 25: 18: 4085:"Smothers In Orchard" in 3528:A treatise on probability 3146:George Boole. 1854/2003. 2708:10.1017/S0080456800037984 1767:four-dimensional geometry 1638: 1406:—University College Cork. 1336:A Treatise of Probability 1187: 1093:, or in set theory terms 370: 366: 362: 357:philosophy of mathematics 342: 329: 319: 309: 305: 297: 293: 281:Free School Lane, Lincoln 269: 259: 252: 248: 233: 208: 160:Boole's expansion theorem 127: 119: 96: 70: 51: 37: 4356:19th-century translators 4284:19 November 2017 at the 4229:God Created the Integers 4110:16 November 2019 at the 4058:25 February 2021 at the 3873:Jonardon Ganeri (2001), 3453:, Addison-Wesley, 1982. 2692:"Keith Awards 1827–1890" 2462:22 November 2017 at the 2001:University of St Andrews 1962: 1945: 1486:The Right Use of Leisure 1475: 1395:21st-century celebration 1310:In modern notation, the 1302:20th-century development 1256:Encyclopaedia Britannica 1246:19th-century development 1155: 725: 285:Queen's University, Cork 135:Abstract algebraic logic 26:Not to be confused with 4216:8 November 2015 at the 4144:University College Cork 4129:Walker, A. (ed) (2019) 3957:Boole, George (2012) . 3664:"Cork University Press" 3399:Encyclopædia Britannica 2856:The Mechanics' Magazine 2813:and its successor, the 2585:Encyclopædia Britannica 2572:Jevons, William Stanley 2466:University College Cork 1796:Wilfrid Michael Voynich 1700:Eric Hinton (born 1884) 1643:In 1855, Boole married 1605:thought in general and 1413:University College Cork 1330:In 1921, the economist 1236:University College Cork 1198:University College Cork 1144:The second part of the 625:University College Cork 567:and others he set up a 438:(1854), which contains 314:19th-century philosophy 58:Portrait of Boole, from 4416:Mathematical logicians 3914:, Boole, Mary Everest 3875:Indian Logic: a reader 3814:. Mouton. p. 17. 3795:. Mouton. p. 56. 3762:Boole, George (1855). 3733:Boole, George (1851). 3223:Boole, George (1854). 3137:2033867 (2004m:03006). 3006:10.1098/rstl.1857.0037 2987:Boole, George (1857). 2822:Philosophical Magazine 2404:10.1093/ref:odnb/37224 1744:Geoffrey Ingram Taylor 1683:cognitive psychologist 1636: 1629:Boole maintained that: 1627: 1595: 1566: 1461: 1445: 1403: 1351:University of Michigan 1327: 1314:on basic propositions 1280:propositional calculus 1276:William Ernest Johnson 1268:Charles Sanders Peirce 1252:William Stanley Jevons 1200: 1055: 937: 775:Differential Equations 767:Differential equations 722: 714: 698: 693:Boole's gravestone in 616: 586: 516: 489: 450:alongside the work of 426:differential equations 21:Boole (disambiguation) 4436:Probability theorists 4426:Philosophers of logic 4268:The Calculus of Logic 4249:Works by George Boole 4211:Cork University Press 4181:17 March 2016 at the 4158:Ivor Grattan-Guinness 4087:The Los Angeles Times 3892:19 April 2016 at the 3812:Semiotica, Volume 105 3793:Semiotica, Volume 105 3652:on 21 September 2014. 3555:, will be said to be 3513:25 April 2016 at the 3500:Ivor Grattan-Guinness 3078:10.1093/ref:odnb/2868 2904:Karen Hunger Parshall 2741:Ivor Grattan-Guinness 2625:Hill, p. 138 note 4; 2609:27 April 2016 at the 2511:27 April 2016 at the 2504:Hill, p. 130 note 1; 2484:Hill, p. 172 note 2; 2092:Sydney Morning Herald 2040:Ivor Grattan-Guinness 2026:17 March 2016 at the 1660:Charles Howard Hinton 1631: 1619: 1582: 1553: 1507:The Claims of Science 1490:The Claims of Science 1451: 1443: 1399: 1309: 1296:Clarence Irving Lewis 1195: 1172:He was buried in the 1081:: in the language of 1051:universe of discourse 1046: 946:for any real numbers 938: 784:of Finite Differences 720: 704: 692: 658:. He was awarded the 621:Queen's College, Cork 604: 584: 541:St Swithin's, Lincoln 514: 484: 422:Queen's College, Cork 190:Imprecise probability 185:Euler–Boole summation 4291:George Boole website 4089:v. 27 February 1909. 4030:The Washington Times 3910:Boole, Mary Everest 3539:concur or that they 3135:Mathematical Reviews 2491:10 June 2016 at the 1987:Robertson, Edmund F. 1689:, noted for work on 1312:free Boolean algebra 1095:symmetric difference 1006:Sir William Hamilton 809: 684:University of Oxford 680:University of Dublin 444:computer programming 4441:Royal Medal winners 4401:English translators 4381:British translators 4039:5 June 2012 at the 4003:. Georgeboole.com. 3877:, Routledge, p. 7, 3719:11 May 2016 at the 3699:10 May 2016 at the 3588:"ZETETIC GLEANINGS" 3184:17 May 2016 at the 3148:The Laws of Thought 2939:11 May 2016 at the 2917:16 May 2016 at the 2886:10 May 2016 at the 2879:(1998), pp. 130–2; 2841:Royal Irish Academy 2758:22 May 2016 at the 2632:27 May 2016 at the 2158:(1 November 2015). 2094:. 2 November 2015. 1985:O'Connor, John J.; 1929:Boole's syllogistic 1590:Robert Leslie Ellis 1332:John Maynard Keynes 1064:algebraic structure 1037:philosophy of logic 1021:wholistic reference 955: > 0, 612:The Laws of Thought 525:Greyfriars, Lincoln 435:The Laws of Thought 200:Wholistic reference 175:Boole's syllogistic 150:Boolean polynomials 4406:English Unitarians 4049:The New York Times 3934:8 May 2016 at the 3622:. United Kingdom. 3105:(1981), pp. 194–5. 2676:MacHale, Desmond. 2531:4 May 2016 at the 1888:Boolean expression 1837:Mathematics portal 1753:Their younger son 1687:computer scientist 1611:Augustus De Morgan 1541:Mary Everest Boole 1462: 1446: 1429:The search engine 1422:'s 1985 biography 1379:, Gaaze-Rapoport, 1328: 1264:logic of relations 1262:had worked on the 1260:Augustus De Morgan 1201: 1140:Probability theory 1029:Aristotelian logic 1010:Augustus De Morgan 933: 723: 715: 699: 650:Honours and awards 617: 587: 517: 490: 324:Western philosophy 165:Boole's inequality 4446:Victorian writers 4391:English logicians 4253:Project Gutenberg 4172:Victorian Lincoln 3974:978-0-486-48826-4 3506:(1997), p. xlvi; 3502:, Gérard Bornet, 3451:Pascal from Basic 3198:Burris, Stanley. 3084:(Subscription or 2801:published by the 2598:Ronald Calinger, 2432:Burris, Stanley. 2410:(Subscription or 1912:Boolean processor 1882:Boolean data type 1823:Philosophy portal 1726:Manhattan Project 1716:William H. Hinton 1365:digital computers 1220:Boolean data type 1196:Bust of Boole at 1174:Church of Ireland 1079:partial operation 1014:De Morgan duality 970:Hilbert transform 931: 890: 855: 800:rational function 707:Lincoln Cathedral 374: 373: 300:Philosophy career 254:Scientific career 65:, 21 January 1865 4453: 4307: 4298:in the database 4262:Internet Archive 4116: 4096: 4090: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4069: 4063: 4051:v. 29 May 1908 ( 4032:v. 28 May 1908 ( 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3954: 3948: 3945: 3939: 3925: 3919: 3908: 3897: 3871: 3865: 3862: 3856: 3853: 3847: 3844: 3838: 3835: 3829: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3730: 3724: 3710: 3704: 3686: 3680: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3648:. Archived from 3642: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3616:"Claude Shannon" 3610: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3584: 3578: 3524: 3518: 3497: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3468: 3462: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3391: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3349: 3341: 3317: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3276: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3204:Zalta, Edward N. 3195: 3189: 3164: 3155: 3144: 3138: 3112: 3106: 3099: 3090: 3089: 3081: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3028: 3019: 3018: 3008: 2984: 2978: 2975:Internet Archive 2967: 2961: 2958:Internet Archive 2950: 2944: 2928: 2922: 2897: 2891: 2866: 2860: 2850:Crelle's Journal 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2769: 2763: 2751:(1997), p. xiv; 2738: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2673: 2667: 2663: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2643: 2637: 2623: 2614: 2602:(1996), p. 292; 2596: 2590: 2589: 2564: 2562: 2561: 2555: 2536: 2522: 2516: 2502: 2496: 2482: 2476: 2473: 2467: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2438:Zalta, Edward N. 2429: 2416: 2415: 2407: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2369:. Archived from 2359: 2353: 2343: 2337: 2336: 2330: 2322: 2298: 2288: 2282: 2281: 2275: 2267: 2243: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2207: 2201: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2114: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2084: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2053: 2047: 2037: 2031: 2017: 2004: 2003: 1982: 1894:Boolean function 1853: 1851:Biography portal 1848: 1847: 1846: 1839: 1834: 1833: 1825: 1820: 1819: 1818: 1742:Their elder son 1664:Washington, D.C. 1407: 1381:Roland Dobrushin 1377:Sofya Yanovskaya 1369:Victor Shestakov 1167:pleural effusion 1132:= 0 as implying 1068:abstract algebra 942: 940: 939: 934: 932: 930: 922: 921: 920: 907: 902: 898: 891: 889: 888: 887: 871: 870: 861: 856: 848: 838: 822: 780:Treatise on the 745:invariant theory 672:honorary degrees 569:building society 403: 402: 399: 398: 395: 392: 383: 377:George Boole Jnr 227: 225: 195:Invariant theory 145:Boolean function 103: 80: 78: 56: 46: 35: 34: 4461: 4460: 4456: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4451: 4450: 4366:Boolean algebra 4316: 4315: 4305: 4286:Wayback Machine 4240: 4235: 4224:Stephen Hawking 4218:Wayback Machine 4209:(new edition). 4183:Wayback Machine 4152:GeorgeBoole.com 4125: 4120: 4119: 4112:Wayback Machine 4097: 4093: 4084: 4080: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4060:Wayback Machine 4041:Wayback Machine 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3975: 3955: 3951: 3946: 3942: 3936:Wayback Machine 3926: 3922: 3916:Collected Works 3909: 3900: 3894:Wayback Machine 3872: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3854: 3850: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3832: 3827: 3823: 3808: 3804: 3789: 3785: 3775: 3773: 3760: 3756: 3746: 3744: 3731: 3727: 3721:Wayback Machine 3712:Gasser, p. 10; 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3688:James Gasser, 3681: 3655: 3637: 3605: 3579: 3519: 3489: 3463: 3442: 3416: 3395:"George Boole" 3386: 3357: 3328: 3302: 3285:Irish Examiner 3268: 3242: 3235: 3215: 3190: 3156: 3139: 3115:Corcoran, John 3107: 3091: 3058: 3046: 3020: 2979: 2969:George Boole, 2962: 2952:George Boole, 2945: 2930:George Boole, 2923: 2892: 2861: 2790: 2764: 2733: 2683: 2668: 2658: 2648: 2638: 2615: 2591: 2580:Chisholm, Hugh 2537: 2524:Hill, p. 148; 2517: 2497: 2477: 2468: 2449: 2434:"George Boole" 2417: 2384: 2354: 2338: 2309: 2283: 2254: 2228: 2202: 2176: 2147: 2133:978-0691176000 2132: 2118:Nahin, Paul J. 2109: 2074: 2048: 2032: 2019:Hill, p. 149; 2005: 1991:"George Boole" 1967: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1926: 1921: 1915: 1909: 1903: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1879: 1873: 1867: 1859: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1840: 1826: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1789: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1760: 1759: 1758: 1751: 1737: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1719: 1713: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1695: 1694: 1649:George Everest 1640: 1637: 1599:George Everest 1593:external fact. 1574:Baruch Spinoza 1477: 1474: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1373:Claude Shannon 1347:Claude Shannon 1322:arranged in a 1303: 1300: 1292:Louis Couturat 1288:Ernst Schröder 1247: 1244: 1214:. The keyword 1189: 1186: 1157: 1154: 1141: 1138: 1087:disjoint union 1059: 1056: 1044: 1041: 1002:quantification 980:Main article: 977: 974: 959: 950: 944: 943: 929: 926: 919: 915: 911: 905: 901: 897: 894: 886: 882: 878: 875: 869: 865: 859: 854: 851: 846: 842: 837: 833: 830: 826: 821: 818: 815: 791: 788: 768: 765: 727: 724: 670:. He received 651: 648: 598: 595: 478: 475: 452:Claude Shannon 372: 371: 368: 367: 364: 363: 360: 359: 346: 344:Main interests 343: 340: 339: 333: 327: 326: 321: 317: 316: 311: 307: 306: 303: 302: 295: 294: 291: 290: 288: 287: 282: 279: 273: 271: 267: 266: 261: 257: 256: 250: 249: 246: 245: 235: 231: 230: 219: 213: 212: 210: 206: 205: 203: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 131: 129: 128:Known for 125: 124: 121: 117: 116: 106: 104:(aged 49) 98: 94: 93: 83: 72: 68: 67: 57: 49: 48: 41: 38: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4458: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4312: 4308: 4303: 4301: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4263: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4231: 4230: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4187: 4184: 4180: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4139:9780993126352 4136: 4132: 4128: 4127: 4115:by Moira Chas 4114: 4113: 4109: 4106: 4101: 4095: 4088: 4082: 4074: 4068: 4061: 4057: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4022: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3960: 3953: 3944: 3937: 3933: 3930: 3924: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3895: 3891: 3888: 3884: 3883:0-7007-1306-9 3880: 3876: 3870: 3861: 3852: 3843: 3834: 3825: 3818: 3813: 3806: 3799: 3794: 3787: 3771: 3767: 3766: 3758: 3742: 3738: 3737: 3729: 3722: 3718: 3715: 3709: 3702: 3698: 3695: 3691: 3685: 3669: 3665: 3659: 3651: 3647: 3641: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3609: 3593: 3589: 3583: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3533: 3529: 3523: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3494: 3477: 3473: 3467: 3460: 3459:0-201-13789-5 3456: 3452: 3449:P. J. Brown, 3446: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3390: 3374: 3370: 3369: 3361: 3353: 3347: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3315: 3306: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3275: 3273: 3256: 3252: 3246: 3238: 3236:9780790592428 3232: 3228: 3227: 3219: 3211: 3210: 3205: 3201: 3194: 3187: 3183: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3161: 3153: 3152:John Corcoran 3149: 3143: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3104: 3098: 3096: 3087: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3062: 3055: 3054:John Corcoran 3050: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3027: 3025: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2983: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2927: 2920: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2858: 2857: 2852: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2823: 2818: 2817: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2803:Royal Society 2800: 2794: 2778: 2774: 2768: 2761: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2745:Gérard Bornet 2742: 2737: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2687: 2680:. p. 97. 2679: 2672: 2662: 2652: 2642: 2635: 2631: 2628: 2622: 2620: 2612: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2595: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2577: 2576:Boole, George 2573: 2568: 2567:public domain 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2534: 2530: 2527: 2521: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2501: 2494: 2490: 2487: 2481: 2472: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2453: 2445: 2444: 2439: 2435: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2413: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2388: 2372: 2368: 2366: 2358: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2334: 2328: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2296: 2287: 2279: 2273: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2241: 2232: 2216: 2212: 2206: 2190: 2186: 2180: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2156:Mulcahy, Colm 2151: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2119: 2113: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2063: 2059: 2052: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2002: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1988: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1968: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1852: 1841: 1838: 1832: 1827: 1824: 1813: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1779: 1775: 1774:X-ray machine 1771: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1756: 1755:Julian Taylor 1752: 1749: 1748:Royal Society 1745: 1741: 1740: 1738: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1681:(born 1947), 1680: 1677: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1635: 1630: 1626: 1624: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1581: 1579: 1578:Samuel Clarke 1575: 1571: 1568:In Ch. 13 of 1565: 1563: 1559: 1552: 1550: 1547:thought, and 1546: 1542: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1503:Branston Hall 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1459: 1458:Antony Dufort 1455: 1450: 1442: 1438: 1436: 1435:Google Doodle 1432: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1408: 1402: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1325: 1324:Hasse diagram 1321: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1243: 1241: 1240:Boole Heights 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1218:represents a 1217: 1213: 1210: 1206: 1199: 1194: 1185: 1183: 1180:(a suburb of 1179: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1163: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1106:Boolean rings 1103: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1054: 1052: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1033:Boolean logic 1030: 1026: 1025:Gottlob Frege 1022: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 994: 989: 983: 973: 971: 967: 962: 958: 953: 949: 927: 924: 917: 913: 909: 903: 899: 895: 892: 884: 880: 876: 873: 867: 863: 857: 852: 849: 840: 831: 828: 824: 805: 804: 803: 801: 797: 787: 785: 783: 777: 776: 764: 762: 758: 754: 750: 749:Royal Society 746: 741: 739: 735: 734: 719: 712: 708: 703: 696: 691: 687: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 656:Royal Society 647: 643: 641: 637: 632: 630: 626: 622: 614: 613: 608: 603: 594: 592: 583: 579: 577: 576:Thomas Cooper 574: 570: 566: 565:Edmund Larken 562: 558: 553: 552: 549: 544: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 513: 509: 507: 503: 499: 495: 488: 483: 474: 470: 466: 464: 459: 455: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 436: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 410:mathematician 407: 401: 382: 378: 369: 365: 361: 358: 354: 350: 347: 341: 338: 334: 332: 328: 325: 322: 318: 315: 312: 308: 304: 301: 296: 292: 286: 283: 280: 278: 275: 274: 272: 268: 265: 262: 258: 255: 251: 247: 244: 239: 236: 232: 216: 211: 207: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 132: 130: 126: 122: 118: 113: 109: 99: 95: 90: 86: 73: 69: 64: 63: 55: 50: 45: 36: 33: 29: 28:George Boolos 22: 4272: 4267: 4227: 4206: 4192: 4176:Google Books 4171: 4168:Francis Hill 4161: 4147: 4130: 4103: 4099: 4098:D. MacHale, 4094: 4086: 4081: 4067: 4048: 4044: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4009:. Retrieved 3995: 3983:. Retrieved 3963: 3952: 3943: 3929:Google Books 3923: 3915: 3911: 3887:Google Books 3874: 3869: 3860: 3851: 3842: 3833: 3824: 3815: 3811: 3805: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3774:. Retrieved 3764: 3757: 3745:. Retrieved 3735: 3728: 3714:Google Books 3708: 3694:Google Books 3689: 3684: 3672:. Retrieved 3658: 3650:the original 3640: 3628:. Retrieved 3620:The Guardian 3619: 3608: 3596:. Retrieved 3582: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3508:Google Books 3503: 3480:. Retrieved 3466: 3450: 3445: 3433:. Retrieved 3419: 3407:. Retrieved 3398: 3389: 3377:. Retrieved 3367: 3360: 3313: 3305: 3293:. Retrieved 3284: 3259:. 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Retrieved 2061: 2051: 2043: 2035: 2021:Google Books 1994: 1918:Boolean ring 1799: 1792:Ethel Lilian 1786:Lucy Everest 1778:pneumothorax 1679:Geoff Hinton 1673:H. E. 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