621:
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78:
953:
479:
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989:
487:
757:
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523:, whose principal range stretches from Pomos Point in the northwest almost to Larnaca Bay on the east, are the single most conspicuous feature of the landscape. Intensive uplifting and folding in the formative period left the area highly fragmented, so that subordinate ranges and spurs veer off at many angles, their slopes incised by steep-sided valleys. In the southwest, the mountains descend in a series of stepped foothills to the coastal plain.
3018:
1715:
775:, warm and rather dry, with rainfall mainly between November and March, favours agriculture. In general, the island experiences mild wet winters and dry hot summers. Variations in temperature and rainfall are governed by altitude and, to a lesser extent, distance from the coast. Hot, dry summers from mid-May to mid-September and rainy, rather changeable winters from November to mid-March are separated by short autumn and spring seasons.
66:
512:
504:
1405:
1270:
650:. Ancient authors write that most of Cyprus, even Messaoria, was heavily forested, and there are still considerable forests on the Troodos and Kyrenia ranges, and locally at lower altitudes. About 17% of the whole island is classified as woodland. Where there is no forest, tall shrub communities of golden oak (
607:
The
Mesaoria is the agricultural heartland of the island, but its productiveness for wheat and barley depends very much on winter rainfall; other crops are grown under irrigation. Little evidence remains that this broad, central plain, open to the sea at either end, was once covered with rich forests
595:
In much of the island, access to a year-round supply of water is difficult. This is traditionally attributed to deforestation which damaged the island's drainage system through erosion, but Grove and
Rackham question this view. A network of winter rivers rises in the Troodos Mountains and flows out
494:
in 2013, shows the three distinct geologic regions of the island. In the central and western part of the island is the
Troodos Massif, a mountain range whose surface layer is mostly basaltic lava rock, and whose maximum elevation is 1,952 m (6,404 ft). Running in a thin arc along the
470:—remain under British sovereignty for military purposes, collectively forming the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (SBA). The SBAs are located on the southern coast of the island and together encompass 254 km, or 2.8% of the island.
1382:
1826:
542:. That peninsula points toward Asia Minor, to which Cyprus belongs geologically. The Kyrenia Range is also known as the Pentadactylon Mountains, due to a summit resembling five fingers.
1639:
436:
extends along the northern coastline. It is not as high as the
Troodos Mountains, and it occupies substantially less area. The two mountain ranges run generally parallel to the
1391:
495:
northeast margin of the island is Cyprus's second mountain range, a limestone formation called the
Kyrenia Range. The space between these ranges is home to the capital
604:
plain. All of the island's rivers, however, are dry in the summer. An extensive system of dams and waterways has been constructed to bring water to farming areas.
1343:
1379:
432:, between them. The Troodos Mountains cover most of the southern and western portions of the island and account for roughly half its area. The narrow
2973:
1316:
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1012:
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on the
Turkish mainland, the outlines of which are visible from northern Cyprus. Coastal lowlands, varying in width, surround the island.
2647:
106:
1860:
571:
Rich copper deposits were discovered in antiquity on the slopes of the
Troodos. The massive sulphide deposits formed as a part of an
561:, wrote of the Troodos as "an unlovely jumble of crags and heavyweight rocks" and of the Kyrenia Range as belonging to "the world of
628:
Despite its small size, Cyprus has a variety of natural vegetation. This includes forests of conifers and broadleaved trees such as
2983:
358:
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458:, is diplomatically recognized only by Turkey; it governs the northern one-third of the island, around 36% of the territory. The
2079:
1943:
1700:
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1117:
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549:(1,952 m or 6,404 ft), but their seemingly inaccessible, jagged slopes make them considerably more spectacular.
545:
Even the highest peaks of the
Kyrenia Range are hardly more than half the height of the great dome of the Troodos massif,
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in the north); water pollution from sewage and industrial wastes; coastal degradation; loss of wildlife habitats from
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whose timber was coveted by ancient conquerors for their sailing vessels. The now-divided capital of the island,
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538:
ridge that rises suddenly from the plains. Its easternmost extension becomes a series of foothills on the
450:, the only internationally recognized government, occupies the southern 60% of the island, and has been a
1989:
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1301:
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2633:
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2151:
1996:
1957:
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flow eastward across the
Mesaoria into Famagusta Bay; the Serraghis River flows northwest through the
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2014:
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1993:
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1969:
1908:
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838:
374:
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2397:
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2102:
2089:
1933:
1855:
1843:
1806:
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546:
180:
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2837:
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1918:
1903:
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1319:. Official Website of the Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Washington D.C. Archived from
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772:
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and of which 3,355 km (1,295 sq mi) are under military occupation by Turkey)
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9,251 km (of which 5,896 km (2,276 sq mi) are under the control of the
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8:
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1979:
1974:
1938:
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390:
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2019:
2004:
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682:
3017:
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1659:
1629:
1603:
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1520:
1488:
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1250:
1107:
1093:, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
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93:
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1570:
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455:
222:
726:. Where grazing is excessive this covering is soon reduced, and an impoverished
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is uncommon. Over most of the island untilled ground bears a grazed covering of
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1624:
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550:
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36:
1341:
http://www.moa.gov.cy/moa/gsd/gsd.nsf/dmlTroodos_en/dmlTroodos_en?OpenDocument
466:
is a buffer zone that separates the two and it is about 4%. Lastly, two areas—
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1392:
Embassy of Greece, USA – Cyprus: Geographical and
Historical Background
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562:
382:
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1302:
https://sovereignlimits.com/boundaries/cyprus-united-kingdom-maritime
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386:
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Cyprus countryside on the way to Troodos Mountains during the summer
232:
occupied territories, self-proclaimed and only recognised by Turkey)
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65:
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants,
889:
629:
499:, visible as a grayish-brown patch near the image's centre.
526:
While the Troodos Mountains are a massif formed of molten
1424:
1361:
The Nature of Mediterranean Europe: An Ecological History
935:
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
647:
253:
3,355 km (1,295 sq mi; 36.3%)
216:
5,896 km (2,276 sq mi; 63.7%)
596:
from them in all directions. The Yialias River and the
389:, but the country is considered a European country in
420:
The island is dominated by two mountain ranges, the
1143:"Shimon Wdowinski: Research: Eastern Mediterranean"
288:
254 km (98 sq mi; 2.7%)
568:, its lofty crags studded with crusader castles."
1311:
1309:
835:200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
377:in the world by area. It is located south of the
3034:
982:Population density map of the Republic of Cyprus
446:, the island is divided into four segments. The
1306:
2641:
2236:
1461:
1234:
428:or Pentadaktylos, and the central plain, the
260:Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia
43:
1051:catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall,
994:Municipalities and communities map of Cyprus
612:, lies in the middle of this central plain.
393:. Cyprus also had lengthy periods of mainly
28:
2648:
2634:
2243:
2229:
1468:
1454:
76:
64:
1023:
1018:Population distribution of Cyprus in 1960
353:is an island in the Eastern Basin of the
970:Population map of the Republic of Cyprus
861:
843:98,707 km (38,111 sq mi)
755:
619:
510:
502:
485:
477:
2250:
1071:Environment – international agreements:
385:. Geographically, Cyprus is located in
3035:
778:
587:and emplaced in its current location.
579:under the Mediterranean Sea which was
2655:
2629:
2224:
1449:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1118:List of dams and reservoirs in Cyprus
615:
156:9,251 km (3,572 sq mi)
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
694:, largely composed of low bushes of
1475:
1380:Official Cyprus Government Web Site
730:remains, consisting principally of
456:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
223:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
13:
1944:2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
1241:(4th ed.). Washington, D.C.:
490:This image, photographed from the
452:member state of the European Union
14:
3054:
2108:Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus
1175:
1081:, Climate Change, Climate Change-
70:Satellite image of Cyprus in 2022
3016:
3007:
3006:
1713:
1408: This article incorporates
1403:
1268:
1011:
999:
987:
975:
963:
951:
929:Total renewable water resources:
361:in the Mediterranean, after the
2974:British Indian Ocean Territory
1353:
1334:
1295:
1171:The CIA World Factbook: Cyprus
1164:
1153:
1135:
1047:resource problems (no natural
275:Capital and largest settlement
1:
1128:
1042:Environment – current issues:
941:0.18 km/yr (10%/3%/86%)
830:(22.2 km; 13.8 mi)
1359:A.T. Grove, Oliver Rackham,
958:Administrative map of Cyprus
7:
1235:Solsten, Eric, ed. (1993).
1101:
853:Mediterranean Sea 0 m
742:, and a few stunted herbs.
590:
492:International Space Station
172:1,952 m (6404 ft)
164:648 km (402.6 mi)
10:
3059:
1736:Cities, towns and villages
1317:"Country Profile: Climate"
1287:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1087:Environmental Modification
749:
745:
473:
266:British Overseas Territory
3002:
2961:
2921:
2663:
2607:
2559:
2521:
2258:
2182:
2150:
2088:
2028:
1965:
1956:
1899:
1890:
1797:
1788:
1731:
1722:
1711:
1617:
1579:
1551:Achaemenid Persian Empire
1531:
1496:
1487:
1243:Federal Research Division
1096:signed, but not ratified:
313:
305:
297:
292:
284:
274:
257:
249:
239:
220:
212:
202:
191:
186:
176:
168:
160:
152:
148:
138:
99:
89:
84:
75:
63:
29:
23:
2723:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1438:(Archived 2022 edition.)
1123:List of rivers of Cyprus
381:, yet it belongs to the
240:Capital and largest city
203:Capital and largest city
2984:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1970:Cypriot nationality law
1238:Cyprus: a country study
839:Exclusive Economic Zone
712:Lithospermum hispidulum
309:138/km (357/sq mi)
2301:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1666:Intercommunal violence
1516:Cypro-Minoan syllabary
1410:public domain material
1350:Cyprus Geologic Survey
1085:, Endangered Species,
1024:Environmental concerns
1006:District map of Cyprus
768:
739:Sarcopoterium spinosum
686:) are found, but such
625:
516:
515:Detailed map of Cyprus
508:
500:
483:
454:since 1 May 2004. The
169:Highest elevation
44:
1671:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
1113:List of Cyprus islets
925:457.9 km (2007)
862:Resource and land use
858:Olympus 1,952 m
773:Mediterranean climate
759:
623:
514:
506:
489:
481:
468:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
2898:United Arab Emirates
2252:Geography of Europe
2130:Settlers from Turkey
2080:World Heritage Sites
1691:Cypriot S-300 crisis
1089:, Hazardous Wastes,
1055:to island's largest
931:0.78 km (2011)
665:Pistacia terebinthus
656:), strawberry tree (
583:uplifted during the
359:third-largest island
3043:Geography of Cyprus
2925:limited recognition
2522:States with limited
1541:Neo-Assyrian Empire
1247:Library of Congress
1053:sea water intrusion
847:Elevation extremes:
779:Area and boundaries
391:political geography
379:Anatolian Peninsula
375:80th-largest island
279:Episkopi Cantonment
118: /
20:
1924:Telecommunications
1647:Post-1878 overview
1420:The World Factbook
1385:2006-05-08 at the
1346:2017-01-18 at the
1249:. pp. 50–53.
1160:UNSD: M49 Standard
946:164.7 m/yr (2009)
898:clay earth pigment
867:Natural resources:
833:Continental shelf:
792:Republic of Cyprus
769:
767:, October 19, 2002
723:Pistacia lentiscus
717:Phagnalon rupestre
707:Calicotome villosa
701:Genista sphacelata
683:Styrax officinalis
626:
616:Natural vegetation
517:
509:
501:
484:
448:Republic of Cyprus
195:Republic of Cyprus
177:Highest point
18:
3030:
3029:
2967:other territories
2657:Geography of Asia
2623:
2622:
2218:
2217:
2178:
2177:
2142:Maronite Cypriots
2137:Armenian Cypriots
1990:COVID-19 pandemic
1952:
1951:
1886:
1885:
1873:Political parties
1839:Foreign relations
1784:
1783:
1709:
1708:
1630:Cyprus Convention
1561:Ptolemaic dynasty
1546:Ten city-kingdoms
1521:Cypriot syllabary
1423:(2024 ed.).
1283:cite encyclopedia
1108:Geology of Cyprus
752:Climate of Cyprus
677:Quercus coccifera
659:Arbutus andrachne
653:Quercus alnifolia
521:Troodos Mountains
426:Kyrenia Mountains
422:Troodos Mountains
397:and intermittent
355:Mediterranean Sea
348:
347:
338:Maronite Cypriots
333:Armenian Cypriots
94:Mediterranean Sea
3050:
3020:
3010:
3009:
2979:Christmas Island
2665:Sovereign states
2650:
2643:
2636:
2627:
2626:
2560:Dependencies and
2259:Sovereign states
2245:
2238:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2198:
2191:
2115:Turkish Cypriots
1963:
1962:
1897:
1896:
1795:
1794:
1729:
1728:
1717:
1676:Turkish invasion
1589:Byzantine Cyprus
1494:
1493:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1435:
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1407:
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1029:Natural hazards:
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991:
979:
967:
955:
912:permanent crops:
824:Territorial sea:
820:Maritime claims:
808:Land boundaries:
733:Thymus capitatus
577:spreading centre
555:Lawrence Durrell
540:Karpas Peninsula
482:Skiriotissa mine
438:Taurus Mountains
415:Western European
328:Turkish Cypriots
301:1,278,686 (2021)
269:
234:
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133:
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119:
116:
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2938:Northern Cyprus
2924:
2917:
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2624:
2619:
2603:
2561:
2555:
2541:Northern Cyprus
2523:
2517:
2433:North Macedonia
2254:
2249:
2219:
2214:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2174:
2146:
2084:
2024:
2015:Public holidays
1948:
1882:
1822:Northern Cyprus
1780:
1718:
1705:
1613:
1575:
1571:Diaspora revolt
1527:
1483:
1474:
1443:
1429:
1427:
1413:
1404:
1387:Wayback Machine
1376:
1375:
1363:, Yale, 2001.
1358:
1354:
1348:Wayback Machine
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1147:faculty.fiu.edu
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923:Irrigated land:
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864:
854:
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800:
795:
786:
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674:), kermes oak (
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270:
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2615:European Union
2611:
2609:
2608:Other entities
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2602:
2601:
2596:
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2026:
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1999:hybrid variant
1982:
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1966:
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1954:
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1926:
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856:Highest point:
799:9,241 km
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747:
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720:and, locally,
680:) and styrax (
662:), terebinth (
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444:Geopolitically
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1369:0-300-08443-9
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1323:on 2012-02-05
1322:
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559:Bitter Lemons
556:
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547:Mount Olympus
543:
541:
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532:Kyrenia Range
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434:Kyrenia Range
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314:Ethnic groups
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181:Mount Olympus
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27:
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16:
2963:Dependencies
2893:Turkmenistan
2858:Saudi Arabia
2717:
2551:Transnistria
2513:Vatican City
2315:
2165:Coat of arms
2090:Demographics
1934:Trade unions
1844:Human rights
1807:Constitution
1723:
1701:EU accession
1658:
1651:
1625:Ottoman rule
1566:Roman Cyprus
1442:
1430:25 September
1428:. Retrieved
1418:
1398:Attribution:
1397:
1396:
1360:
1355:
1336:
1325:. Retrieved
1321:the original
1297:
1237:
1166:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1095:
1079:Biodiversity
1074:
1070:
1069:
1065:urbanization
1059:, increased
1041:
1040:
1028:
1027:
944:per capital:
943:
938:
934:
933:
928:
927:
922:
921:
916:
911:
907:arable land:
906:
902:
901:
866:
865:
855:
850:
846:
845:
837:
832:
823:
819:
818:
816:648 km
813:
812:
807:
806:
801:
796:
787:
783:
782:
770:
737:
731:
721:
715:
711:
705:
699:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
635:Pinus brutia
633:
627:
606:
594:
581:tectonically
570:
544:
534:is a narrow
528:igneous rock
525:
518:
462:-controlled
442:
419:
357:. It is the
349:
306:Pop. density
293:Demographics
285:Area covered
250:Area covered
229:
213:Area covered
193:
139:Largest city
15:
3022:Asia portal
2923:States with
2843:Philippines
2783:South Korea
2778:North Korea
2673:Afghanistan
2589:Isle of Man
2524:recognition
2493:Switzerland
2428:Netherlands
2120:Linobambaki
1904:Agriculture
1849:LGBT rights
1751:Earthquakes
1594:Arab Empire
1511:Eteocypriot
1498:Prehistoric
804:10 km
585:Pleistocene
519:The rugged
417:influence.
365:islands of
125: /
100:Coordinates
2903:Uzbekistan
2878:Tajikistan
2793:Kyrgyzstan
2773:Kazakhstan
2693:Bangladesh
2683:Azerbaijan
2463:San Marino
2423:Montenegro
2403:Luxembourg
2383:Kazakhstan
2286:Azerbaijan
2060:Literature
1812:Corruption
1696:Annan Plan
1327:2006-10-11
1129:References
1061:salination
1035:activity;
1033:earthquake
814:Coastline:
810:0 km
668:), olive (
507:Topography
464:Green Line
383:Cyprus Arc
373:, and the
298:Population
2989:Hong Kong
2943:Palestine
2868:Sri Lanka
2863:Singapore
2743:Indonesia
2579:Gibraltar
2398:Lithuania
1980:Education
1975:Languages
1939:Transport
1878:President
1834:Elections
1766:Mountains
1746:Districts
1724:Geography
1640:Governors
1075:party to:
1049:reservoir
1031:moderate
903:Land use:
761:Sandstorm
644:cypresses
573:ophiolite
536:limestone
407:Byzantine
403:Levantine
399:Anatolian
387:West Asia
161:Coastline
122:35°N 33°E
85:Geography
3037:Category
3012:Category
2933:Abkhazia
2883:Thailand
2838:Pakistan
2818:Mongolia
2813:Maldives
2808:Malaysia
2708:Cambodia
2599:Svalbard
2584:Guernsey
2531:Abkhazia
2478:Slovenia
2473:Slovakia
2448:Portugal
2306:Bulgaria
2205:Category
2125:diaspora
2103:diaspora
2020:Religion
1856:Military
1790:Politics
1776:Wildlife
1681:Refugees
1599:Crusades
1581:Medieval
1481:articles
1415:"Cyprus"
1383:Archived
1344:Archived
1265:27014039
1102:See also
1037:droughts
878:asbestos
826:12
692:garrigue
591:Drainage
430:Mesaoria
424:and the
371:Sardinia
230:de facto
90:Location
2908:Vietnam
2823:Myanmar
2803:Lebanon
2733:Georgia
2688:Bahrain
2678:Armenia
2503:Ukraine
2453:Romania
2413:Moldova
2371:Ireland
2366:Iceland
2361:Hungary
2351:Germany
2346:Georgia
2336:Finland
2331:Estonia
2326:Denmark
2311:Croatia
2296:Belgium
2291:Belarus
2281:Austria
2276:Armenia
2271:Andorra
2266:Albania
2189:Outline
2152:Symbols
2048:Cuisine
2030:Culture
2010:Poverty
1958:Society
1929:Tourism
1892:Economy
1756:Islands
1741:Climate
1604:Kingdom
1533:Ancient
1506:Alasiya
1489:History
1057:aquifer
763:in the
746:Climate
610:Nicosia
602:Morphou
553:writer
551:British
497:Nicosia
474:Terrain
411:Turkish
363:Italian
207:Nicosia
143:Nicosia
52:Turkish
2953:Taiwan
2888:Turkey
2853:Russia
2788:Kuwait
2768:Jordan
2758:Israel
2718:Cyprus
2703:Brunei
2698:Bhutan
2594:Jersey
2536:Kosovo
2498:Turkey
2488:Sweden
2468:Serbia
2458:Russia
2443:Poland
2438:Norway
2418:Monaco
2388:Latvia
2356:Greece
2341:France
2316:Cyprus
2210:Portal
2160:Anthem
2043:Cinema
1985:Health
1914:Energy
1868:Police
1771:Rivers
1660:Taksim
1653:Enosis
1618:Modern
1479:
1477:Cyprus
1436:
1367:
1263:
1253:
939:total:
917:other:
914:3.24%
909:9.90%
894:marble
886:timber
882:gypsum
874:pyrite
870:copper
802:Water:
788:Total:
765:Levant
696:Cistus
688:maquis
566:Europe
563:Gothic
530:, the
413:, and
367:Sicily
351:Cyprus
127:35; 33
48:
45:Kıbrıs
33:
30:Κύπρος
19:Cyprus
2994:Macau
2913:Yemen
2873:Syria
2848:Qatar
2828:Nepal
2763:Japan
2738:India
2728:Egypt
2713:China
2569:Åland
2483:Spain
2408:Malta
2378:Italy
2196:Index
2075:Sport
2070:Music
2065:Media
1994:Delta
1909:Banks
1861:Chief
1761:Lakes
1412:from
1098:none
1045:water
797:Land:
784:Area:
728:batha
640:cedar
557:, in
395:Greek
37:Greek
2833:Oman
2798:Laos
2753:Iraq
2748:Iran
2170:Flag
2053:Wine
2005:Name
1997:cron
1992:and
1432:2022
1365:ISBN
1289:link
1261:OCLC
1251:ISBN
890:salt
771:The
648:oaks
646:and
630:pine
369:and
153:Area
113:33°E
110:35°N
2965:and
2038:Art
1425:CIA
828:nmi
638:),
3039::
1417:.
1308:^
1285:}}
1281:{{
1267:.
1259:.
1245:,
1177:^
1145:.
1067:.
896:,
892:,
888:,
884:,
880:,
876:,
872:,
736:,
714:,
710:,
704:,
698:,
642:,
409:,
405:,
401:,
2649:e
2642:t
2635:v
2244:e
2237:t
2230:v
1469:e
1462:t
1455:v
1434:.
1371:.
1330:.
1291:)
1277:.
1149:.
841::
632:(
268:)
264:(
228:(
54:)
50:(
39:)
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