Genocide recognition politics

1438: 3796:, writing, "China's long-established, publicly and repeatedly declared, specifically targeted, systematically implemented, and fully resourced policy and practice toward the Uyghur group is inseparable from 'the intent to destroy in whole or in part' the Uyghur group as such." The report cited credible reports of mass deaths under the mass internment drive, while Uighur leaders were selectively sentenced to death or sentenced to long-term imprisonment. "Uyghurs are suffering from systematic torture and cruel, inhumane, and degrading treatment, including rape, sexual abuse, and public humiliation, both inside and outside the camps", the report stated. The report argued that these policies are directly orchestrated by the highest levels of state, including Xi and the top officials of the Chinese Communist Party in Xinjiang. It also reported that the Chinese government gave explicit orders to "eradicate tumours", "wipe them out completely", "destroy them root and branch", "round up everyone", and "show absolutely no mercy", in regards to Uyghurs, and that camp guards reportedly follow orders to uphold the system in place until "Kazakhs, Uyghurs, and other Muslim nationalities, would disappear...until all Muslim nationalities would be extinct". According to the report "Internment camps contain designated "interrogation rooms" where Uyghur detainees are subjected to consistent and brutal torture methods, including beatings with metal prods, electric shocks, and whips." 4943:

charge French officials with genocide. The text that survives in Lemkin's archives contains his annotations and comments. It is notable that El-Farra wrote in language that closely resembles Lemkin's-that France was following a "long-term policy of exploitation and spoliation" in its colonial territories, squeezing nearly one million Arab colonial subjects into poverty and starvation in "conditions of life have been deliberately inflicted on the Arab populations to bring about their destruction." The French authorities, El-Farra continued, "are committing national genocide by persecuting, exiling, torturing, and imprisoning arbitrarily and in conditions pernicious to their health, the Algerian leaders" who are responsible for carrying and promoting Algerian national consciousness and culture, including teachers, writers, poets, journalists, artists, and spiritual leaders in addition to political leaders.

1565: 1573: 680: 3316: 2037:(UNHRC) stated that 'IS committed the crime of genocide by seeking to destroy the Yazidis through killings, sexual slavery, enslavement, torture, forcible displacement, the transfer of children and measures intended to prohibit the birth of Yazidi children.' It added that the genocide was ongoing, and stating that the international community still must recognize the detrimental effects of the genocide. The Commission wrote that, while some countries may choose to overlook the idea of the genocide, the atrocities need to be understood and the international community needs to bring the killings to an end. 1949: 1203: 3364: 977: 3494: 2790: 2569: 2286: 1183:, which were carried out for ideological reasons, Tasmanian settlers participated in violence largely out of revenge and self-preservation. He adds: "Even those who were motivated by sex or morbid thrillseeking lacked any ideological impetus to exterminate the natives." He also argues that while genocides are inflicted on defeated, captive or otherwise vulnerable minorities, Tasmanian natives appeared as a "capable and terrifying enemy" to colonists and were killed in the context of a war in which both sides killed noncombatants. 3350: 2860: 1766: 2818: 2902: 1611:

policies, should count as genocidal since the sentences were borne most heavily specifically on certain ethnic groups, and that a relocation of these ethnic groups, whose survival depends on ties to its particular homeland, "had a genocidal effect remediable only by restoration of the group to its homeland." Political scientist Stephen Blank described it both as a deportation and a genocide, a centuries-long Russian "technique of self-colonial rule intended to eliminate" minorities. Soviet dissidents

1160:. He says Arthur was determined to defeat the Aboriginal people and take their land, but believes there is little evidence he had aims beyond that objective and wished to destroy the Tasmanian race. In contrast to Reynolds' argument, historian Lyndall Ryan, based on a sample of massacres taking place in the Meander River region in June 1827, concludes that massacres of Aboriginal Tasmanians by white settlers were likely part of an organised process and were sanctioned by government authorities. 3260: 3120: 1578: 1577: 1574: 3294: 11925: 1579: 42: 1044:, a book detailing the atrocities committed during the Free State's existence. The book became a bestseller in Belgium, but aroused criticism from former Belgian colonialists and some academics as exaggerating the extent of the atrocities and population decline. Around the 50th anniversary of the Congo's independence from Belgium in 2010, numerous Belgian writers published content about the Congo. Historian Idesbald Goddeeris criticised these works—including Van Reybrouk's 3078: 1576: 3064: 1741: 3538:

Finance and the Foreign Ministry of the Czech Republic decided on compensation for survivors of the Porajmos in the Czech Republic. This agreement, which will give 2,500 EUR to each of the handful of survivors, was greeted as a symbolic acknowledgment, but also criticised for its delay and the low amount awarded. However, this agreement has already led to renewed claims from Romani victims from the former Yugoslavia and other regions of 'romocide'.

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it needs to be described in the history books. We can never undo the wrongs inflicted on the peoples who have lived on this land that we now call California since time immemorial, but we can work together to build bridges, tell the truth about our past and begin to heal deep wounds." After hearing testimony, a Truth and Healing Council will clarify the historical record on the relationship between the state and California Native Americans.

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On the allegations of crimes against humanity Pompeo asserted that "These crimes are ongoing and include: the arbitrary imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty of more than one million civilians, forced sterilization, torture of a large number of those arbitrarily detained, forced labor and the imposition of draconian restrictions on freedom of religion or belief, freedom of expression and freedom of movement."

3050: 1716: 3336: 3092: 11707:"Joint Statement of the OSCE participating States: Andorra, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Holy See, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States of America "On 75th Anniversary of the Holodomor of 1932 and 1933 in Ukraine"" 3278: 2972: 3148: 3162: 2832: 1791: 2944: 3036: 3232: 1031:

atrocities were usually committed by Africans themselves who were in the pay of the Belgians. These "native militia" were described by Lemkin as "an unorganized and disorderly rabble of savages whose only recompense was what they obtained from looting, and when they were cannibals, as was usually the case, in eating the foes against whom they were sent". Genocide scholar

1582: 9775:[And while the Government for the sake of political expediency withdraws the Presidential Decree, the Left undertakes, as always, to offer the ideological weapons for this war. Angelos Elefantis writes in the same page of the NEA newspaper (Feb. 24, 2001) that there is no reason to proclaim the 14th of September of 1922 not even to a day of national memory.] 1581: 1580: 1437: 9253:"Proposition de résolution invitant le Gouvernement à saisir le Conseil de Sécurité de l'Organisation des Nations Unies en vue de reconnaître le génocide perpétré par Daech contre les populations chrétiennes, yézidies et d'autres minorités religieuses en Syrie et en Irak et de donner compétence à la Cour Pénale Internationale en vue de poursuivre les criminels" 9255:[Proposal for a resolution inviting the Government to refer the matter to the United Nations Security Council with a view to recognizing the genocide perpetrated by Daesh against the Christian, Yazidi and other religious minorities populations in Syria and Iraq and to give jurisdiction to the International Criminal Court to prosecute criminals]. 476:, spokesperson for the Federation Armenian Organisations Netherlands, stated in April 2021: "Every time recognition was brought up, it turned out to be a political bargaining tool. Then a country wanted get something out of Turkey, and threatened to recognise the Armenian genocide. Then eventually, it did not happen. It's a very sensitive issue for us." 2232:) to recognise ISIL's August 2014 massacre of thousands of Yazidi men and enslavement of thousands of Yazidi women and children as genocide. The resolution, which would likely also pass with overwhelming approval in the Chamber itself, called on the Belgian government to increase its efforts to support victims, and prosecute perpetrators (either at the 1513:...Believes that the deportation of the entire Chechen people to Central Asia on 23 February 1944 on the orders of Stalin constitutes an act of genocide within the meaning of the Fourth Hague Convention of 1907 and the Convention for the Prevention and Repression of the Crime of Genocide adopted by the UN General Assembly on 9 December 1948. 9692: 9619: 528:

recognized the Armenian genocide in April 2021 and the Rohingya genocide in Burma/Myanmar, with the determination coming in March 2022. Three other cases were considered, namely Burundi in the mid-1990s, Sudan's "Two Areas" in 2013, and Burma in 2018, but ultimately the process of recognition was not completed. A March 2019

909:, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group". According to Georgi Verbeeck, this conventional definition of genocide has prevented most historians from using the term to describe atrocities in the Free State; in the strict sense of the term, most historians have rejected allegations of genocide. 9773:Και εάν η Κυβέρνηση για λόγους πολιτικής σκοπιμότητας θα αποσύρει το Π.Δ., η Αριστερά θα αναλάβει, όπως πάντα, να προσφέρει τα ιδεολογικά όπλα του πολέμου. Ο Άγγελος Ελεφάντης θα γράψει στο ίδιο τεύχος των Νέων πως δεν υπάρχει κανένας λόγος να αναγορεύσομε την 14 Σεπτεμβρίου του 1922 ούτε καν σε ημέρα εθνικής μνήμης. 1187:

colluded in transforming that mission into a campaign of ethnic cleansing from 1832. He says that once on Flinders Island, indigenous peoples were taught to farmland like Europeans and worship God like Europeans and concludes: "The campaign of transformation enacted on Flinders Island amounted to cultural genocide."

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1948 United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.' Additionally, it called for those who intentionally committed atrocities for ethnic or religious reasons to be brought to justice for violating international law, and committing crimes against humanity, and genocide.

897:, though understanding of the losses under the colonial administration's rule as the result of harsh economic exploitation rather than a policy of deliberate extermination has led others to dispute the comparison; there is an open debate as to whether the atrocities constitute genocide. According to the 3537:

and Roma survivors were allowed to claim for restitution in a form of a onetime payment. The official acceptance of the Porajmos as genocide by the Federal Republic of Germany followed only in 1982 with a speech by Chancelor Helmut Schmidt. In August 2016, an agreement between the German Ministry for

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in 1919) a day of commemoration, (called Pontian Greek Genocide Remembrance Day) while the 1998 decree affirmed the genocide of Greeks in Asia Minor as a whole and designated 14 September a day of commemoration. These laws were signed by the President of Greece but were not immediately ratified after

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In 2017, CNN journalists Jomana Karadsheh and Chris Jackson interviewed former Yazidi captives and exclusively filmed the Daesh Criminal Investigations Unit (DCIU), a team of Iraqi Kurdish and western investigators who have been operating secretly in Northern Iraq, for more than two years, collecting

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included the case of Crimean Tatars and Meskhetian Turks as two examples of successful genocides by Soviet governments. They summed it up by saying that Crimean Tatars, "a nation which for over five centuries had played a major part in the history of Eastern Europe has simply ceased to exist". Polish

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By 1875, the French conquest was complete. The war had killed approximately 825,000 indigenous Algerians since 1830. A long shadow of genocidal hatred persisted, provoking a French author to protest in 1882 that in Algeria, "we hear it repeated every day that we must expel the native and if necessary

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In June 2021, the Canadian Anthropology Society issued a statement on Xinjiang in which the organization stated, "expert testimony and witnessing, and irrefutable evidence from the Chinese Government's own satellite imagery, documents, and eyewitness reports, overwhelmingly confirms the scale of the

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officially declared that China was committing genocide against the Uyghurs and other ethnic minorities living in Xinjiang. This declaration, which came in the final hours of the Trump administration, had not been made earlier due to a worry that it could disrupt trade talks between the US and China.

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against Saddam Hussein's government. However, the government's stated reasoning was to reclaim land for agriculture and exterminate breeding grounds for mosquitoes. The displacement of more than 200,000 of the Ahwaris, and the associated state-sponsored campaign of violence against them, has led the

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for the "extirpation" or "extermination" of the Aboriginal people. But he has contended that the British government acted as a source of restraint on settlers' actions. Reynolds says there is no evidence the British government deliberately planned the wholesale destruction of indigenous Tasmanians—a

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argued that there does not have to be intent to exterminate all members of a population in a genocide. He posited that "an endeavor to eliminate a portion of a people would qualify as genocide" according to the UN standards and asserted that the Free State did as much. Jeanne Haskin, Yaa-Lengi Meema

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passed a resolution recognizing the Assyrian genocide. The Sayfo is also recognized as a genocide in resolutions passed by Sweden (in 2010), Armenia (2015), the Netherlands (2015), and Germany (in 2016). Memorials in Armenia, Australia, Belgium, France, Greece, Sweden, Ukraine, and the United States

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Kai eán i Kyvérnisi gia lógous politikís skopimótitas tha aposýrei to P.D., i Aristerá tha analávei, ópos pánta, na prosférei ta ideologiká ópla tou polémou. O Ángelos Elefántis tha grápsei sto ídio téfchos ton Néon pos den ypárchei kanénas lógos na anagoréfsome tin 14 Septemvríou tou 1922 oúte kan

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for an extended period of time, beaten, deprived of food, shackled and blindfolded", it said. The legal team stated that they had seen "prolific credible evidence" of sterilisation procedures carried out on women, including forced abortions, saying the human rights abuses "clearly constitute a form

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unanimously approved a resolution stating that acts committed by the Islamic State against "the Christian and Yazidi populations, other minorities and civilians" were "war crimes", "crimes against humanity", and constituted a "genocide". It also invited the government to "use all legal channels" to

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did the same on 6 June 2019. The Canadian Parliament passed a motion on June 10, 2019, recognizing the Crimean Tatar deportation of 1944 (Sürgünlik) as a genocide perpetrated by Soviet dictator Stalin, designating May 18 to be a day of remembrance. On 26 April 1991 the Supreme Soviet of the Russian

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observed that Moscow attempted an "unmaking of Crimean Tatars and their language" by not allowing them even to be registered as Crimean Tatars since the deportation; they could only declare themselves as Tatars. It wasn't until the 1989 census that Crimean Tatars were again recognized as a separate

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said, "California must reckon with our dark history. California Native American peoples suffered violence, discrimination and exploitation sanctioned by state government throughout its history .... It's called genocide. That's what it was, a genocide. No other way to describe it. And that's the way

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stated, "Leopold did not start genocide. He was greedy for money and chose not to interest himself when things got out of control." According to Hochschild, "while not a case of genocide, in the strict sense", the atrocities in the Congo were "one of the most appalling slaughters known to have been

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has formally recognized eight genocides: in Bosnia (1993), Rwanda (1994), Iraq (1995), Darfur (2004), and areas under the control of ISIS (2016 and 2017). During the last days of the Trump administration the Uyghur genocide was recognized, a decision affirmed by the Biden administration, which also

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A substantial majority of MPs — including most Liberals who participated — voted in favour of a Conservative motion that says China's actions in its western Xinjiang region meet the definition of genocide set out in the 1948 United Nations Genocide Convention. ... The final tally was 266 in favour

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A 2023 academic book by political theorists Alain Brossat and Juan Alberto Ruiz Casado labeled the accusation of genocide as unsubstantiated. They described the information used to apply the label as misleading and coming "exclusively from a few sources, for the most part overwhelmingly and openly

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initially stated that, "here is a reasonable basis to believe that the government of China is committing crimes against humanity." In November 2021, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum revised its stance to state that the "Chinese government may be committing genocide against the Uyghurs."

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For the Jews it was total and everyone knew this—from bankers to pawnbrokers. For the Roma it was selective and not comprehensive. The Roma were only exterminated in a few parts of Europe such as Poland, the Netherlands, Germany and France. In Romania and much of the Balkans, only nomadic Roma and

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There is a difference between the Jewish and Roma deportees ... The Jews were shocked and can remember the year, date and time it happened. The Roma shrugged it off. They said, "Of course I was deported. I'm Roma; these things happen to a Roma." The Roma mentality is different from the Jewish

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In the historiography of East Germany (GDR), the persecution of Sinti and Roma under National Socialism was largely taboo. The German historian Anne-Kathleen Tillack-Graf states that in the GDR, Sinti and Roma were not mentioned as concentration camp prisoners during the official commemorations of

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After World War II Roma were also excluded from the right to restitution, because Federal German authorities denied that Roma were persecued due to racist reasons. After a small step in this direction in 1963, restitutions became possible in small amounts only in 1979, when the West German Federal

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In response to the 1998 law, the Turkish government released a statement which claimed that describing the events as genocide was "without any historical basis". "We condemn and protest this resolution" a Turkish Foreign Ministry statement said. "With this resolution the Greek Parliament, which in

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intellectual and author George Karabelias bitterly criticized Elefantis and others opposing the recognition of genocide and called them "revisionist historians", accusing the Greek mainstream left of a "distorted ideological evolution". He said that for the Greek left 19 May is a "day of amnesia".

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unanimously passed a resolution to recognise 'that the so-called 'ISIS/Daesh' is committing genocide against Christians and Yazidis, and other religious and ethnic minorities, who do not agree with the so-called 'ISIS/Daesh' interpretation of Islam, and that this therefore entails action under the

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adopted a resolution stating: "individuals who act in the name of the terrorist entity which calls itself 'Islamic State' (Daesh) ... have perpetrated acts of genocide and other serious crimes punishable under international law. States should act on the presumption that Daesh commits genocide

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In 2018, the Security Council team enforced the idea of a new accountability team that would collect evidence of the international crimes committed by the Islamic State. However, the international community has not been in full support of this idea, because it can sometimes oversee the crimes that

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concluded that "there is a very credible case that acts carried out by the Chinese government against the Uighur people in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region amount to crimes against humanity and the crime of genocide, and describes how the minority group has been subject to "enslavement, torture,

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calling for it to investigate PRC officials for crimes against Uyghurs including allegations of genocide. The ICC responded in December 2020 and "asked for more evidence before it will be willing to open an investigation into claims of genocide against Uighur people by China, but has said it will

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MPs defied their own party's government, who had tried to dissuade them from making such a statement, because of the Foreign Office legal department's long-standing policy (dating back to the 1948 passing of the Genocide Convention) of refusing to give a legal description to potential war crimes.

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Lawson, in a critique of Reynolds' stand, argues that genocide was the inevitable outcome of a set of British policies to colonise Van Diemen's Land. He says the British government endorsed the use of partitioning and "absolute force" against Tasmanians, approved Robinson's "Friendly Mission" and

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Boyce has claimed that the April 1828 "Proclamation Separating the Aborigines from the White Inhabitants" sanctioned force against Aboriginal people "for no other reason than that they were Aboriginal". However, as Reynolds, Broome and Clements point out, there was open warfare at the time. Boyce

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Overwhelmingly, since 2000, publications by non-Armenian academic historians, political scientists, and sociologists... have seen 1915 as one of the classic cases of ethnic cleansing and genocide. And, even more significantly, they have been joined by a number of scholars in Turkey or of Turkish

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In the last years of his life, Lemkin developed these ideas most fully in his research on French genocides against Algerians and Muslim Arab culture. In 1956, he collaborated with the chief of the UN Arab States Delegation Office, Muhammed H. El-Farra, to produce an article calling for the UN to

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published their analysis of over 3,000 videos, concluding that after the January 2021 U.S. declaration that China was committing genocide in Xinjiang, the Chinese government started an influence campaign featuring thousands of videos of Chinese citizens denying genocide and abuses in Xinjiang on

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to Jewish survivors of the Holocaust, but not to the Romani. There were "never any consultations at Nuremberg or any other international conference as to whether the Sinti and Roma were entitled like the Jews to reparations." The Interior Ministry of Wuerttemberg argued that "Gypsies persecuted

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against the Yazidis, Turkmen, Christians and Shabaks to be genocide and crimes against humanity." The law provides compensation, measures for rehabilitation and reintegration, pensions, provision of land, housing, and education, and a quota in public sector employment. On 10 May 2021, the United

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adopted a motion stating: ' recognises and condemns the genocide perpetrated against the Yezidi people by Daesh ; acknowledges the great human suffering and loss that have been inflicted by bigotry, brutality and religious intolerance, further acknowledges and condemns the crimes perpetrated by

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and parliamentary discussions in Tbilisi in 2010 and 2011, Georgia became the first country to use the word "genocide" to refer to the events. On 20 May 2011 the parliament of the Republic of Georgia declared in its resolution that the mass annihilation of the Cherkess (Adyghe) people during the

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passed a resolution stating that pre-planned mass killings of Circassians by Imperial Russia, accompanied by "deliberate famine and epidemics", should be recognized as "genocide", and that those deported during those events from their homeland should be recognized as "refugees". Georgia has made

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recognize the fact that the Ottoman Empire's persecution of Armenians was a genocide. However, despite the recognition of the genocidal character of the massacre of Armenians in scholarship as well as in civil society, some governments have been reticent to officially acknowledge the killings as

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writes "he Chechens and Ingush, the Crimean Tatars, and other 'punished peoples' of the wartime period were, indeed, slated for elimination, if not physically, then as self-identifying nationalities." Professor Lyman H. Legters argued that the Soviet penal system, combined with its resettlement

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Academics Steve Tsang and Olivia Cheung write that their research has found no evidence that Xi Jinping advocates genocide against Uyghurs. Tsang and Cheung conclude that China's policies subordinate identity based on culture, religion, or minority language in an effort to establish a national

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stated the following policy: "For the Dutch government, rulings from international courts of justice or criminal courts, unambiguous conclusions from scientific research, and findings by the UN, are leading in the recognition of genocides. The Netherlands act in accordance with the obligations

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Ian Hancock has also observed a reluctance among Roma to acknowledge their victimization by the Third Reich. The Roma "are traditionally not disposed to keeping alive the terrible memories from their history—nostalgia is a luxury for others". The effects of the illiteracy, the lack of social

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In an unpublished manuscript from the 1950s, Lemkin, who had first coined the term "genocide" in 1944, asserted the occurrence of "an unambiguous genocide" in the Free State, though he blamed the violence on what he saw as "the savagery of African colonial troops". Lemkin emphasised that the

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On 28 November 2006, the Parliament of Ukraine, with the president's support and in consultation with the National Academy of Sciences, voted to recognize the Ukrainian Famine of 1932–33 as a deliberate act of genocide against the Ukrainian people ("Zakon Ukrainy pro Holodomor"). A vigorous

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was asked during his confirmation hearings whether he agreed with Pompeo's conclusion that the CCP had committed genocide against the Uyghurs, he contended "That would be my judgment as well." During her confirmation hearings Joe Biden's nominee to be the US ambassador to the United Nations

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article reported that some scholars hesitate to label the human rights abuses in Xinjiang as a "full-blown genocide", preferring the term "cultural genocide", but that increasingly many experts were calling them "crimes against humanity" or "genocide". In August 2020 the spokesperson for

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in the 1850s. The name change was approved via an act of the California Legislature (California Assembly Bill 1936, 2021-2022 regular session) and was signed into law by the Governor on 23 September 2022. The name change took effect on 1 January 2023. The institution is now known as the

9699: 9626: 2136:) to recognise that ISIS was committing genocide against the Yazidi people, to acknowledge that ISIS still kept many Yazidi women and girls captive as sex slaves, to support and take action on a recent UN commission report, and provide asylum to Yazidi women and girls within 120 days. 488:

has a long-standing policy, dating back to the 1948 passing of the Genocide Convention, of refusing to give a legal description to potential war crimes. For this reason, it has sought to dissuade any UK governmental institution from making claims about genocide. On 20 April 2016, the

11245: 5300:... important developments in the historical research on the genocide over the last fifteen years... have left no room for doubt that the treatment of the Ottoman Armenians constituted genocide according to the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide. 532:

report by Buchwald & Keith stated: "No formal policy exists or has existed to guide how or when the US government decides whether genocide has occurred and whether to state its conclusion publicly." However, there are two memoranda – the first written by Secretary of State

11553:"Text – H.Res.931 – 115th Congress (2017–2018): Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the 85th anniversary of the Ukrainian Famine of 1932–1933, known as the Holodomor, should serve as a reminder of repressive Soviet policies against the people of Ukraine" 2113:– who was jeered at and interrupted by MPs during his speech in the debate – stated that he personally believed genocide had taken place, but that it was not up to politicians to make that determination, but to the courts. Furthermore, on 23 March 2017, the regional devolved 11300:[Proposal of a group of deputies of the National Council of the Slovak Republic to adopt a resolution of the National Council of the Slovak Republic to recognize the famine in Ukraine in the years 1932-1933 as genocide (print 1734). Voting on the draft resolution]. 2523:. Unlike the politics which surrounds other genocides, much of the politics which surrounds the Holocaust is not focused on the formal recognition of it in political statements (since there already is a strong consensus with regard to it), instead, it is focused on the 3580:

mentality. For example, a Roma came to me and asked, "Why do you care so much about these deportations? Your family was not deported." I went, "I care as a Roma" and the guy said back, "I do not care because my family were brave, proud Roma that were not deported."

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that "he evidence for genocide is thus already massive, and must, at the very least, be regarded as sufficient for prosecution under international law... the number of competent authorities around the world concurring that this is indeed genocide are increasing."

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November 1830 letter to Arthur by Sir George Murray warned that the extinction of the race would leave "an indelible stain upon the character of the British Government"—and therefore what eventuated does not meet the definition of genocide codified in the 1948

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As of 2023, the governments and parliaments of 34 countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, and the United States, have formally recognized the Armenian genocide.

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that mass arrests of ethnic minority academics and intellectuals in Xinjiang indicated that "the Chinese regime's current campaign against the native Uighur, Kazakh and other peoples is already a genocide." Later, in 2020, Fiskejö wrote in academic journal

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Daesh against Muslims, Christians, Arabs, Kurds and all of the religious and ethnic communities of Iraq and Syria; welcomes the actions of the US Congress, the European Parliament, the French Senate, the UN and others in formally recognising the genocide'.

1564: 5338: 9198: 468:. On 9 February 2021, a large majority of the House supported a motion calling on the government to fully recognise the Armenian genocide and dropping the phrase "the Armenian genocide question"; the only parties who did not support the call were the 924:

rejected allegations of genocide in the Free State because there was no evidence of a policy of deliberate extermination or the desire to eliminate any specific population groups, though the latter added that nevertheless there was "a death toll of

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Many international organisations, governments and parliaments, as well as groups have classified ISIL's treatment of the Yazidis as genocide, and condemned it as such. The Genocide of Yazidis has been officially recognized by several bodies of the

7140: 7100: 7082: 1104:, considered Tasmania the site of one of the world's clear cases of genocide and Hughes has described the loss of Aboriginal Tasmanians as "the only true genocide in English colonial history". However, other historians – including 836:, partially because its targets were divided among mutually-antagonistic churches and did not develop a collective identity. During the 1990s, before the first academic research on the Sayfo, Assyrian diaspora groups (inspired by campaigns for 11249: 3380:

affirming that the Holodomor was as a "national tragedy of the Ukrainian people" caused by the "cruel actions and policies of the totalitarian regime". Similar statements were passed as resolutions by international organizations such as the

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opposed recognition as a "too one-sided explanation of history". Although the Dutch government stated it would not (yet) take a stand on whether it was a genocide, instead using the phrase "the Armenian genocide question", it agreed with MP

9462: 9229: 3697: 11895: 9698:[Establishment of September 14 as a day of national remembrance of the Genocide of the Greeks of Asia Minor by the Turkish State] (2645/98) (in Greek). Government Gazette of the Hellenic Republic. 13 October 1998. Archived from 5912: 3587:

institutions, and the rampant discrimination faced by Roma in Europe today have produced a people who, according to Fortuna, lack a "national consciousness ... and historical memory of the Holocaust because there is no Roma elite."

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descent who initiated the Genocide Convention, assumed that genocide was perpetrated in the context of the mass deportation of the Chechens, Ingush, Volga Germans, Crimean Tatars, Kalmyks and Karachay. German investigative journalist

11521:"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the 85th anniversary of the Ukrainian Famine of 1932—1933, known as the Holodomor, should serve as a reminder of repressive Soviet policies against the people of Ukraine" 10766: 7738: 2443:

The Hazara diaspora mourns the deaths of the victims of the Hazara uprisings of the 1890s on September 25 (called the "Hazara Black Day") and it wants the International community to recognize the subjugation of the Hazaras as a

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used the word "genocide" in the title of a 2005 article by Hochschild. Hochschild himself criticised the title as "misleading" and stated that it had been chosen "without my knowledge". Similar criticism was echoed by historian

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describes the decision to remove all Aboriginal Tasmanians after 1832—by which time they had given up their fight against white colonists—as an extreme policy position. He concludes: "The colonial government from 1832 to 1838

11298:"Návrh skupiny poslancov Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky na prijatie uznesenia Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky k uznaniu hladomoru na Ukrajine v rokoch 1932-1933 za genocídu (tlač 1734). Hlasovanie o návrhu uznesenia" 505:– who was jeered at and interrupted by MPs during his speech in the debate – stated that he personally believed genocide had taken place, but that it was not up to politicians to make that determination, but to the courts. 3820:

partisan in their anti-China crusade"; they especially criticize Adrian Zenz's 2018 detainee study and 2019 sterilization study as "academically flimsy" and containing misleading or directly false claims, respectively.

2264:

unanimously recognized the crimes against Yazidis as genocide. The resolution, which was jointly tabled by the government and the opposition, also calls for prosecution of the perpetrators and aid for rebuilding Yazidi

2169:: In January 2018, the Armenian parliament recognised and condemned the 2014 genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State, and called on the international community to conduct an international investigation into the events. 8015: 6066: 2343:

and historian Angelos Elefantis, known for his books on the history of Greek communism, were two of the major figures of the political left who expressed their opposition to the decree. However, the non-parliamentary

2103:

unanimously supported a motion to declare that the treatment of Yazidis and Christians by the Islamic State amounted to genocide, to condemn it as such, and to refer the issue to the UN Security Council. In doing so,

5096:

Many Iraqi Arabs deny they occurred, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary – which, however, has not been generally available; the Human Rights Watch report was translated into Arabic but has not been widely

9362: 4625: 10617: 1327:. The ICTY found the acts to have satisfied the requirements for "guilty acts" of genocide, and that, "some physical perpetrators held the intent to physically destroy the protected groups of Bosnian Muslims and 1112:, and Nicholas Clements – do not agree that the colonial authorities pursued a policy of destroying the Indigenous population, although they acknowledge that some settlers supported extermination. 8733:"Dr Widad Akrawi Interviewed at RojNews: How should the international community classify the systematic massacre of the Yezidi civilians in Sinjar by IS jihadists that included taking Yezidi girls as sex slaves" 5436: 497:, to condemn it as such, and to refer the issue to the UN Security Council. It was almost unprecedented for British parliamentarians to collectively to declare war-time actions as genocide, because in doing so, 5348: 11584: 9186: 1143:

observed that Aboriginal people did not give up their land peacefully and that they were killed or forcibly removed from their land "in what amounted to attempted (and in Tasmania almost complete) genocide".

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wrote several articles arguing that the Porajmos deserved recognition as part of the Holocaust. In Switzerland, a committee of experts investigated the policy of the Swiss government during the Porajmos.

6036: 11136: 2030: 6317: 12819: 9553: 3567:. West Germany recognised the genocide of the Roma in 1982, and since then the Porajmos has been increasingly recognized as a genocide committed simultaneously with the Shoah. The American historian 5477: 1035:

claimed that the underrepresentation of males in Congolese population figures after Leopold's rule is evidence that "outright genocide" was the cause of a large portion of deaths in the Free State.

10790: 13030: 11164: 11271: 10454: 3628:

investigation found that Uyghurs were being subjected to mass forced sterilizations and forced abortions in Xinjiang, scholars increasingly have referred to the abuses in Xinjiang as a genocide.

2236:, or at a new ad hoc tribunal). On 17 July 2021, the Belgian parliament unanimously voted to recognize the suffering of the Yazidis at the hands of the Islamic State (ISIS) in 2014 as a genocide. 361: 344:. In October 2022, the House of Commons unanimously passed a motion to have the Canadian government officially recognize the residential school system as genocide against Indigenous populations. 12963: 11903: 11874: 11787: 9452: 9221: 17905: 9395: 7253: 5904: 4425: 968:, a slaughter on a staggering scale that was not intentional, but could have been recognised much earlier as the collateral damage of a perfidious, rapacious policy of exploitation". Historian 541:

in June 2004 regarding Darfur – that provide some insight into the decision-making process, and advise or authoritise U.S. government officials on what to do in genocide recognition questions.

296:

officially recognises eight 20th and 21st Century historical events of ethnic extermination, agrarian reform or forced cultural assimilation that took place beyond its borders as genocide: the

15866:(2018). "Longtemps méconnu par la communauté internationale: le génocide assyro-chaldéen de 1915" [Long ignored by the international community: the Assyro-Chaldean genocide of 1915]. 2503:

should be recognised as a part of the Holocaust, however, other historians believe that it should be recognized as a separate genocide which was simultaneously committed with the Holocaust),

11421: 5721: 4762: 4560: 8900: 11215: 261:

In countries with settler colonial past, recognition of colonial genocides is difficult as the national past could be called into question. Most genocides have been perpetrated by states.

12536:

Erinnerungspolitik der DDR. Dargestellt an der Berichterstattung der Tageszeitung "Neues Deutschland" über die Nationalen Mahn- und Gedenkstätten Buchenwald, Ravensbrück und Sachsenhausen

10388: 10776: 960:... to speak of an act of 'genocide' or a 'holocaust'; genocide implies the conscious, planned annihilation of a specific population, and that was never the intention here, or the result 916:

stated that because the Congolese were not killed in a systematic fashion according to this criterion, "technically speaking, this was not genocide even in a legally retroactive sense."

17342: 10675: 9521: 13998:

Biner, Zerrin Özlem (2011). "Multiple imaginations of the state: understanding a mobile conflict about justice and accountability from the perspective of Assyrian–Syriac communities".

13492: 10421: 8604: 5808: 840:) began to press for a similar formal acknowledgement. In parallel with the political campaign, Armenian genocide research began to include Assyrians as victims. In December 2007, the 10707: 8640: 8544: 5699: 4793: 4730: 2057:

and should be aware that this entails action under the 1948 United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide." However, it did not identify victims.

2044:

On 10 May 2021, the United Nations Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da'esh/IS (UNITAD) determined that ISIL's actions in Iraq constituted genocide.

7746: 2551:, or a desire to compare the Holocaust to other genocides because they consider the importance of those genocides either similar to or greater than the importance of the Holocaust. 3844: 3639:

was satisfied by more recent developments concerning the suppression of birth rates so "we do need to probably call it a genocide". The same month, the last colonial governor of

1018:, "Those who easily apply the term genocide to Leopold's regime seem to do so purely on the basis of its obvious horror and the massive numbers of people who may have perished." 15649: 10487: 7677: 2776: 2015: 9717: 8802: 7350: 4527: 287: 11391: 10184: 8996: 6058: 4697: 3394: 341: 14776: 8106: 9625:[The 19th of May is established as a commemoration day of the genocide of the Pontic Greeks] (2193/94) (in Greek). Hellenic Parliament. 11 March 1994. Archived from 3635:(NPR) that he had previously argued that the actions of the Chinese government are a cultural genocide, not a "literal genocide", but that one of the five criteria from the 13558: 1348:

In a speech before representatives of Native American peoples in June, 2019, California governor Gavin Newsom apologized for the genocide. Newsom referring to the proposed

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international campaign to have the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and other governments do the same was subsequently initiated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

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In November 2021, the board of directors of the former "University of California Hastings College of Law" voted to change the name of the institution because of namesake

16678: 13631: 10621: 9811: 9797: 9785: 5232:

The Western scholarly community is almost in full agreement that what happened to the forcefully deported Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire in 1915 was genocide...

2383:, not only sustains the traditional Greek policy of distorting history, but it also displays that the expansionist Greek mentality is still alive," the statement added. 7317: 6604: 862: 16129: 8574: 1365: 11594: 10733: 8321: 4998: 17770: 12715: 11840: 9839: 1292: 12540:

The GDR's memory policy. Illustrated by the daily newspaper "Neues Deutschland"'s reporting on the national memorial sites Buchenwald, Ravensbrück and Sachsenhausen

11977: 11947: 11122: 10927: 10912: 5786: 13577: 13139: 12256: 11009: 8474: 4110:

Mutlu-Numansen, Sofia; Ossewaarde, Marinus (2019). "A Struggle for Genocide Recognition: How the Aramean, Assyrian, and Chaldean Diasporas Link Past and Present".

13479: 12330:[Report of the Legislative Committee and Foreign Affairs Committee – on the project resolution concerning the anniversary of the Great Famine in Ukraine] 10146: 8506: 5047: 4657: 16447: 11035: 10653: 10577: 6028: 5548:

The 25th anniversary of Indira Gandhi's assassination revives stark memories of some 3,000 Sikhs killed brutally in the orderly pogrom that followed her killing

13530: 9060: 8836: 8676: 8296: 1015: 431:

arising from the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. At the UN Security Council, the Netherlands are pro-active in combating

12881: 11765: 11150: 7490: 5332:... the denialist position has been largely discredited in the international academy. Recent scholarship has overwhelmingly validated the Armenian Genocide... 5306:

Kasbarian, Sossie; Öktem, Kerem (2016). "One hundred years later: the personal, the political and the historical in four new books on the Armenian Genocide".

17881: 16686: 16420: 12922: 6307: 4565: 3560: 1648:

issued a resolution recognizing this event as genocide and established 18 May as the "Day of Remembrance for the victims of the Crimean Tatar genocide." The

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Nations Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da'esh/IS (UNITAD) determined that ISIL's actions in Iraq constituted genocide.

1163:

Clements accepts Reynolds' argument but also exonerates the colonists themselves of the charge of genocide. He says that unlike genocidal determinations by

1048:—for taking a softened stance on the atrocities committed in the Congolese Free State, saying "They acknowledge the dark period of the Congo Free State, but 17849: 11013: 8868: 4494: 4034:

section for text and references for European Parliament resolution of 23 October 2008 on the commemoration of the Holodomor, the Ukraine artificial famine.

3963: 12094: 12054: 11248:[Parliament of Portugal recognized the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine as Genocide against the Ukrainian people] (in Portuguese). Archived from 11057: 10794: 9330: 6425: 5390:

To date, more than 20 countries in the world have officially recognized the events as genocide and most historians and genocide scholars accept this view.

16042: 13034: 11168: 10399: 9741:

Tsibiridou, Fotini (2009). "Writing about Turks and Powerful Others: Journalistic Heteroglossia in Western Thrace". In Theodossopoulos, Dimitrios (ed.).

3663: 3390: 2779:

to the "terrible Holodomor Genocide", during an address at St. Peter's Square. As of September 2024, 35 countries recognise the Holodomor as a genocide.

13535: 13533: 13331: 12439: 11617: 11275: 10464: 7040:

Bosnian genocide can mean either the genocide committed by the Serb forces in Srebrenica in 1995 or the ethnic cleansing during the 1992–95 Bosnian War.

4593: 16718: 12945: 12360:[National Council: Adopted a declaration on the Holodomor in the former Soviet Union] (in Slovak). EpochMedia. 13 December 2007. Archived from 10685: 7208: 5080: 1557: 514: 17425: 12229:[The Parliament of the Czech Republic, Chamber of Deputies – Resolution 535 of Chamber of Deputies from the 23rd meeting of 30 November 2007] 9385: 9298: 8710: 8044: 7243: 5623: 4435: 15621: 14145: 10771: 8357:

Priestley, Cara (2021). ""We Won't Survive in a City. The Marshes are Our Life": An Analysis of Ecologically Induced Genocide in the Iraqi Marshes".

1004: 11552: 11520: 3816:

on the Chinese government's global efforts "to discredit independent sources that report ongoing genocide and crimes against humanity" in Xinjiang.

3575:

Nico Fortuna, a sociologist and Roma activist, explained the distinction between Jewish collective memory of the Holocaust and the Roma experience:

2320: 777:

had been in active complicity with the mob, as to the organisation of the riots. Government estimates project that about 2,800 Sikhs were killed in

17738: 16789: 11706: 11431: 11364: 9131: 8129: 5729: 4770: 4570: 16108: 11359: 9865: 9097: 8890: 5997: 1661:, passed the law On the Rehabilitation of Repressed Peoples with Article 2 denouncing all mass deportations as "Stalin's policy of defamation and 1521:, passed the law On the Rehabilitation of Repressed Peoples with Article 2 denouncing all mass deportations as "Stalin's policy of defamation and 17597: 17377: 16813: 16074: 15988: 11223: 10870: 8075: 7286: 5841: 5144: 3885: 3386: 2160: 2053: 1430: 279: 254:" or officially designated as such. Such efforts may occur regardless of whether the event meets the definition of genocide laid out in the 1948 15122: 6488: 2335:

initiated a campaign against the application of this law, the subject became subject of a political debate. The president of the left-ecologist

992:

Historians have argued that comparisons drawn in the press by some between the death toll of the Free State atrocities and the Holocaust during

17897: 17059: 16484: 16082: 13352: 13221: 8769: 7527: 5966: 3792:

report that was written by over 50 global China, genocide, and international law experts, the Chinese government breached every article in the

3692:

perpetrated by the Chinese government against the Uyghur people and other ethnic minorities in Xinjiang as genocide. Around the same time, the

1268:

In the 1990s, several authorities asserted that the ethnic cleansing campaign which was carried out by elements of the Bosnian Serb army was a

841: 13458: 10040: 9511: 5109: 4890: 1193:

points to the arguments of Windschuttle as being a minority opinion among historians who generally accept the Black War as a case of genocide.

16971: 16299: 16185: 10432: 10284: 9264: 8596: 7067: 3955: 2527:, which aspects of the Holocaust should be emphasised, how to prevent the Holocaust or similar genocides from happening again, how to combat 374:

stated in June 2021 that it is rare for governments to recognise genocides committed by previous administrations of the same country, citing

283: 16805: 13540: 13517: 13499: 12383: 12328:"Sprawozdanie – Komisji Ustawodawczej oraz Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych – o projekcie uchwały w sprawie rocznicy Wielkiego Głodu na Ukrainie" 10711: 9640: 8630: 8534: 5818: 5707: 4803: 4740: 610:

destroy him." As a French statistical journal urged five years late, "the system of extermination must give way to a policy of penetration."

14692: 13606: 13377: 10355: 9969: 7368: 5020: 2492: 485: 473: 13898:

Barta, Tony (2023). "A Very British Genocide: Acknowledgement of Indigenous Destruction in the Founding of Australia and New Zealand". In

11991: 9455:[Chamber recognizes crimes against Yezidis as genocide and asks government commitment: 'Today they will get their dignity back']. 8230: 8016:"Foreign Affairs Committee adopts a statement on the 75th anniversary of deportation of Crimean Tatars, recognising the event as genocide" 4184: 3732:

stated that she believed what was currently happening in Xinjiang was a genocide, adding "I lived through and experienced and witnessed a

2748:. Similarly, governments and parliaments of several other countries have also officially recognized the Holodomor as an act of genocide. 1276:

and three convictions for genocide in German courts (the convictions were based upon a wider interpretation of genocide than that used by

938:

no reputable historian of the Congo has made charges of genocide; a forced labor system, although it may be equally deadly, is different.

13117: 13110: 11453: 9585: 3705: 469: 14220:(2010). "Raphael Lemkin and the Question of Genocide under Communist Regimes". In Bieńczyk-Missala, Agnieszka; Dębski, Sławomir (eds.). 13452: 13450: 12986: 9892: 8174: 17857: 17804: 16773: 12446: 9090:"European Parliament resolution of 4 February 2016 on the systematic mass murder of religious minorities by the so-called 'ISIS/Daesh'" 7455: 7128: 3659: 3556: 1395: 1054:

The term "Congolese genocide" is also used to refer to the mass murder and rape committed in the eastern Congo in the aftermath of the

234: 13395: 10838: 10497: 10490:[Holodomor - the genocide to which the Ukrainian people were subjected by the Soviets, condemned in the Romanian Parliament]. 9727: 7673: 17051: 16427: 16216: 15954: 14225: 13447: 13165: 12601: 8924: 8792: 7340: 4537: 3895: 2394:

passed a motion recognising "as an act of genocide the killing of Armenians, Assyrians/Syriacs/Chaldeans and Pontic Greeks in 1915".

2309:

passed two laws on the fate of the Ottoman Greeks; the first in 1994 and the second in 1998. The decrees were published in the Greek

985: 12157: 12019: 11399: 11326: 10591: 10176: 8988: 7739:"Speaker Series – The 60th Annniversary [sic] of the 1944 Chechen and Ingush Deportation: History, Legacies, Current Crisis" 4707: 3647:, said that the "birth control campaign" was "arguably something that comes within the terms of the UN views on sorts of genocide". 1834:, the Soviet regime sought to eradicate "only" their "territorial identity". Such views were criticized by Jon Chang as "gentrified 16137: 14753: 11190: 1543:(CRP), an organization that covers the former Soviet Union and aims to support and rehabilitate the rights of the deported peoples. 1261:) men and boys, as well as the mass expulsion of another 25,000–30,000 Bosniak civilians by VRS units under the command of General 15727:

Weisbord, Robert (2003). "Response to 'The King, the Cardinal and the Pope: Leopold II's genocide in the Congo and the Vatican'".

12413: 10337:"HR356 "Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives regarding the man-made famine that occurred in Ukraine in 1932–1933"" 8497:"OHCHR | Statement by the Commission of Inquiry on Syria on the second anniversary of 3 August 2014 attack by ISIS of the Yazidis" 4069:

Referenced are a list of nations which were co-author sponsors of the United Nations Declaration on 85th anniversary of Holodomor.

16201: 13431: 13336: 11828:

Since 2006, when Ukraine adopted a law designating the famine a genocide, 18 countries and 21 American states have followed suit.

11710: 11302: 10542: 10311: 9127: 7742: 4959: 4840: 3755: 2516: 2508: 2458: 1823: 1811: 1526: 529: 275: 17114: 16001: 10953: 9164: 8266: 4468: 16726: 12196: 11485: 10332: 10261: 9019: 5535: 3303: 3269: 2745: 2406: 2243: 2100: 2079: 1989: 1981: 1927: 1284:

passed a resolution declaring that "the Serbian policies of aggression and ethnic cleansing meet the terms defining genocide."

879:... What happened in the heart of Africa was genocidal in scope long before that now familiar term, genocide, was ever coined. 490: 436: 14952: 13304: 10336: 3509:

under the Nazis not for any racial reason but because of an asocial and criminal record". When on trial for his leadership of

556: 518: 336:

have argued that the Canadian government should also officially recognise various atrocities which were committed against the

17460: 16654: 16516: 15910: 15853: 15758:

Werth, Nicholas (2008). "The Crimes of the Stalin Regime: Outline for an Inventory and Classification". In Stone, Dan (ed.).

15611: 15588: 15470: 15376: 15258: 15203: 15111: 15085: 15024: 14824: 14706: 14530: 14459: 14403: 14284: 14180: 14060: 13931: 13877:

Atto, Naures (2016). "What Could Not Be Written: A Study of the Oral Transmission of Sayfo Genocide Memory Among Assyrians".

13736: 12578: 12547: 12480: 12357: 10427: 8732: 8395: 7714: 7309: 7033: 5636: 5419: 5383: 5225: 5164: 4923: 4347: 3959: 3950: 2585: 1478: 101: 13432:"First independent report into Xinjiang genocide allegations claims evidence of Beijing's 'intent to destroy' Uyghur people" 12182: 9693:

Kathiérosi tis 14 Septemvríou os iméras ethnikís mnímis tis Genoktonías ton Ellínon tis Mikrás Asías apo to Tourkikó Krátos

9667: 8566: 7947: 4929: 2596:

to recognise the Holodomor as a genocide internationally. Sovereign states to have recognized Holodomor as genocide include

17889: 17409: 17018: 16938: 13575: 12294: 10981: 10743: 9453:"Kamer erkent misdaden op jezidi's als genocide en vraagt engagement regering: 'Vandaag krijgen zij hun waardigheid terug'" 8332: 7401: 7160: 7025: 5881: 5667: 2213: 1853: 1529:

cited the events of 1944 for a reason of placing Chechnya on their genocide watch list for its potential for genocide. The

432: 9843: 9429: 8966: 5943: 3598: 996:

have been responsible for creating undue confusion over the issue of terminology. In one incident, the Japanese newspaper

17645: 16989: 16752: 16058: 15578: 14446:

Gaunt, David; Atto, Naures; Barthoma, Soner O. (2017). "Introduction: Contextualizing the Sayfo in the First World War".

13442:...according to an independent report by more than 50 global experts in international law, genocide and the China region. 11969: 11939: 11810: 10931: 9695:Καθιέρωση της 14 Σεπτεμβρίου ως ημέρας εθνικής μνήμης της Γενοκτονίας των Ελλήνων της Μικράς Ασίας απο το Τουρκικό Κράτος 9488: 3868: 2544: 2034: 1598:

Some activists, politicians, scholars, countries, and historians go even further and consider the deportation a crime of

1238: 15270:""They will be hunted down like wild beasts and destroyed!": a comparative study of genocide in California and Tasmania" 14089:

Bryan, Fanny E. (1984). "Anti-religious activity in the Chechen-Ingush republic of the USSR and the survival of Islam".

12310:"UCHWAŁA Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 6 grudnia 2006 r. w sprawie uczczenia ofiar Wielkiego Głodu na Ukrainie" 12264: 11845:"Ukraine initiated @UN the Declaration on the Eighty-Fifth Anniversary of the #Holodomor of 1932-1933 in #Ukraine. . . " 10511: 10078: 8464: 464:

every 5 years "to show respect to all victims and survivors of all massacres against minorities", said Foreign Minister

16694: 16258: 15318: 15228: 14871:"Patterns of frontier genocide 1803–1910: the aboriginal Tasmanians, the Yuki of California, and the Herero of Namibia" 14309: 13806: 10154: 8496: 5756: 5606: 5575: 5057: 4992: 4669: 3935: 3655: 2561: 2254:) which recognised the crimes of Islamic State against the Yazidi population as a genocide and crimes against humanity. 2201:

passed the Yazidi Survivors Bill which provides assistance to survivors and "determines the atrocities perpetrated by

2198: 2188: 2078:

has formally recognised the Yazidi genocide in areas under the control of ISIS in 2016 and 2017. On 14 March 2016, the

1052:... they emphasize that the number of victims was unknown and that the terror was concentrated in particular regions." 415: 11896:"Ukraine initiated at the UN the Declaration on the Eighty-Fifth Anniversary of the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine" 11875:"Ukraine initiated at the UN the Declaration on the Eighty-Fifth Anniversary of the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine" 8824: 7433: 2437: 16734: 16153: 15815: 15779: 15529: 15495: 15404: 14986: 14920: 14851: 14738: 14669: 14643: 14607: 14576: 14448:

Let Them Not Return: Sayfo – The Genocide Against the Assyrian, Syriac, and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire

14332: 14233: 14199: 14079: 13988: 13959: 13867: 13829: 13771: 13657: 12472: 11688: 9052: 6662: 4598: 3890: 3839: 3744: 2419: 2075: 1450: 893:

The significant number of deaths under the Free State regime has led some scholars to relate the atrocities to later

524: 457: 365: 11297: 8666: 8306: 3552: 1341: 17820: 17778: 15894: 13720: 12871: 12227:"Parlament České republiky, Poslanecká Sněmovna – 535 Usnesení Poslanecké sněmovny z 23. schůze 30. listopadu 2007" 10930:[Germany recognized the Holodomor with the genocide of the Ukrainian people] (in Ukrainian). Archived from 9580: 8301: 7498: 3876: 3720: 3548: 2504: 2476: 2087: 1888:. The marshes formerly covered an area of around 20,000 km (7,700 sq mi). The main sub-marshes, the 163: 7789: 1131:

portrayed the obliteration of Tasmania's Aboriginal people as an example of "systematic massacre" and in the 1979

16866: 16841: 15807: 15625: 14544: 14255: 12904: 12126: 10871:"Reconnaissance et condamnation de la grande famine de 1932-1933, connue sous le nom d'Holodomor, comme génocide" 10492: 8049: 7459: 7006:

A Witness to Genocide: The 1993 Pulitzer Prize-Winning Dispatches on the "Ethnic Cleansing" of Bosnia, Roy Gutman

3704:'s actions in Xinjiang constitute genocide as laid out in the Genocide Convention. The 2020 annual report by the 3377: 1458: 1273: 801:

for the riots. The riots are cited as a reason to support the creation of a Sikh homeland in India, often called

640: 418:

motivated their rejection of the bill by saying that the United Nations had not yet recognised it as a genocide.

321: 13569: 10206: 9320: 8858: 4504: 4289:(2010). "In Search of Lost Genocide: Historical Policy and International Politics in Post-1989 Eastern Europe". 2379:

fact has to apologize to the Turkish people for the large-scale destruction and massacres Greece perpetrated in

2191:

motivated their rejection of the bill by saying that the United Nations had not yet recognised it as a genocide.

902: 17955: 17786: 17416: 17174: 16590: 16380: 16090: 14843: 14358:

Fredholm, Michael (2000). "The prospects for genocide in Chechnya and extremist retaliation against the West".

13031:"Menendez, Cornyn Introduce Bipartisan Resolution to Designate Uyghur Human Rights Abuses by China as Genocide" 13005: 12101: 12065: 11084: 9870:, Office of the Prime Minister, Directorate General of Press and Information, 30 September 1998, archived from 7146: 7106: 7088: 6407: 4112: 3901: 3486: 1296: 855: 770: 227: 136: 17693: 13056: 12384:"Slovak Parliament Recognizes Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Former USSR, Including in Ukraine, "Extermination Act" 11246:"Parlamento de Portugal reconheceu a Holodomor de 1932–1933 na Ucrânia como Genocídio contra o povo Ucraniano" 10873:[Recognition and condemnation of the great famine of 1932-1933, known as the Holodomor, as genocide]. 10488:"Holodomor - genocidul la care a fost supus poporul ucrainean de sovietici, condamnat în Parlamentul României" 3708:

referred to the Chinese government's treatment of Uyghurs as "crimes against humanity and possibly genocide."

1941: 16550: 16145: 15947: 14625: 13682: 13576:

Newlines Institute for Strategy and Policy and the Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights (10 March 2021).

13275: 11740:"25 OSCE-Participant Countries Adopt Joint Statement "On 75th Anniversary of Holodomor in Ukraine 1932–1933"" 7531: 6646: 4765:[Armenians in the Netherlands: US recognition of the Armenian genocide is 'a bandaid on the wound']. 4603: 3544: 1885: 1470: 1032: 952:

It is generally agreed by historians that extermination was never the policy of the Free State. According to

837: 786: 695: 672: 628: 440: 17746: 17613: 15453:. Vol. II: Genocide in the Indigenous, Early Modern and Imperial Worlds, from c.1535 to World War One. 13914:. Vol. II: Genocide in the Indigenous, Early Modern and Imperial Worlds, from c.1535 to World War One. 13500:"Uyghurs in Australia call for genocide declaration in wake of report into China's Xinjiang region policies" 12519: 7198: 1445:

The forced relocation, slaughter, and conditions during and after transfer have been described as an act of

679: 17467: 17439: 16630: 16526: 15729: 15334: 15274: 15130: 14875: 12764: 9998: 9798:

Day in Memory of the Pontic Greeks Genocide. The poor in the center of powerful confrontations. 20 May 2010

9516: 9286: 8922:

Schaack, Beth Van (2018). "The Iraq Investigative Team and Prospects for Justice for the Yazidi Genocide".

8702: 8359: 7124: 6917: 5642: 4369: 4192: 3849: 3651: 3369: 2532: 2466: 2413: 2233: 2183:) to recognise the Islamic State's killing of Yazidis as a genocide was defeated in a 58 to 38 vote in the 2133: 1530: 1207: 815:, New Delhi, as a memorial for Sikhs killed during the 1984 riots (and other hate crimes across the world). 410:) to recognise the Islamic State's killing of Yazidis as a genocide was defeated in a 58 to 38 vote in the 337: 66: 14392:

Shatterzone of Empires: Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands

5217:

Denial of Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present and Collective Violence Against the Armenians, 1789–2009

17754: 17629: 17621: 16922: 16508: 15036:"The Russian Occupation of Crimea in 2014: The Second Sürgün (The Soviet Genocide) of the Crimean Tatars" 13249: 11562: 11530: 9260: 4324:

Zimmerer, Jürgen (4 December 2023). "Colonialism and the Holocaust: Towards an Archaeology of Genocide".

3989: 3880: 3863: 3833: 3525: 2524: 2251: 2019: 1973: 1517:

On 26 April 1991 the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic, under its chairman

659: 494: 387: 317: 158: 15242: 11714: 10312:"US House of Representatives Authorizes Construction of Ukrainian Genocide Monument in Washington, D.C." 9952:"Adoption of declaration to certify Armenia recognizes Greek and Assyrian genocides: Eduard Sharmanazov" 9120: 4833: 4185:"The politics of genocide recognition: Kurdish nation-building and commemoration in the post-Saddam era" 3329:

Other political bodies whose legislatures have passed a resolution recognizing Holodomor as a genocide:

1014:

wrote, "Leopold's African regime became a byword for exploitation and genocide." According to historian

17669: 16874: 15603: 15454: 15363:

Talay, Shabo (2018). "Sayfo 1915: the Beginning of the End of Syriac Christianity in the Middle East".

15220: 15069: 14978: 14904: 14720: 14698: 13915: 13060: 12570: 11369: 9871: 9089: 7051:

ICTY; "Address by ICTY President Theodor Meron, at Potocari Memorial Cemetery" The Hague, 23 June 2004

6005: 5448: 4430: 3740: 3693: 2221: 2148: 2125: 1985: 1466: 1148: 1105: 568: 10880: 8891:"ISIL's 'genocide' against Yazidis is ongoing, UN rights panel says, calling for international action" 7276: 5851: 781:

and 3,350 nationwide, whilst independent sources estimate the number of deaths at about 8,000–17,000.

17960: 17950: 17637: 17605: 17487: 17370: 15163: 13083: 12762:

Finley, Joanne (2020). "Why Scholars and Activists Increasingly Fear a Uyghur Genocide in Xinjiang".

12164:, by Peter Stieda, The Ukrainian Weekly, June 29, 2003, No. 26, Vol LXXI, (accessed on June 26, 2007) 11970:"Argentinean Parliament approved resolution to commemorate 1932 to 1933 Holodomor victims in Ukraine" 7118: 6478: 2353: 2310: 2278: 1356: 1073: 220: 121: 8759: 6913:"Massacre in the Black War in Tasmania 1823–34: a case study of the Meander River Region, June 1827" 5974: 5905:"Manmohan Singh's apology for anti-Sikh riots a 'Gandhian moment of moral clarity,' says 2005 cable" 17335: 17326: 17027: 16404: 15940: 15630: 15365:

Sayfo 1915: An Anthology of Essays on the Genocide of Assyrians/Arameans during the First World War

15269: 15004: 14959:

Milton, Sybil (2009). "The Holocaust: The Gypsies". In Totten, Samuel; Parsons, William S. (eds.).

14870: 14549: 14395: 11739: 9893:"Motion 2008/09:U332 Genocide of Armenians, Assyrians/Syriacs/Chaldeans and Pontiac Greeks in 1915" 4862: 4660:[Confidence in the future. Coalition agreement 2017 – 2021 VVD, CDA, D66 and ChristenUnie] 3930: 3854: 2536: 2156: 1404: 1246: 1152: 921: 774: 651: 444: 181: 92: 17794: 15803:

Inferno in Chechnya: The Russian-Chechen Wars, the Al Qaeda Myth, and the Boston Marathon Bombings

12391: 9252: 8155: 7064: 5211: 2471:

In the international community, there is a virtually unanimous consensus that in the early 1940s,

426:

In their 2017–2021 coalition agreement published on 10 October 2017, the four parties forming the

17356: 17349: 16340: 13763: 12605: 10648: 10050: 7706: 7378: 7345: 7341:"It's official: UC Hastings is getting a new name that's free of racist ties – and a bit generic" 7120:

A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate regarding the massacre at Srebrenica in July 1995

5024: 3729: 3701: 2512: 2105: 1977: 1379: 1320: 1234: 1220: 1132: 1040: 498: 15123:"Raphael Lemkin's view of European colonial rule in Africa: between condemnation and admiration" 14251: 14190:

Cornell, Svante (2001). "Cooperation and Conflict in the North Caucasus". In Aybak, Tunc (ed.).

13595: 12736: 10618:"The upper house of the Brazilian parliament has recognized the Holodomor as an act of genocide" 6912: 2014:

In a March 2015 report, the persecution of the Yazidi people was qualified as a genocide by the

1120:

the western half of Van Diemen's Land and then callously left the exiled people to their fate."

17865: 17453: 17402: 17292: 17035: 16574: 16460: 15771: 14599: 14562: 14163: 14154: 13945: 12595: 12002: 11557: 11525: 10767:"Croatian Parliament Unanimously Recognizes Holodomor as Genocide against the Ukrainian People" 10046: 8241: 5411: 3969: 3916: 3911: 3782: 3748: 3564: 2737: 2496: 2302: 2129: 2093:

declared that the violence initiated by IS against the Yazidis and others amounted to genocide.

1908: 1839: 1638: 1628: 1281: 1258: 1242: 1202: 1085: 448: 126: 111: 86: 17701: 15481: 14972: 14835: 14629: 13978: 12564: 12464: 11463: 10875: 10422:"The Parliament approved the statement regarding the condemnation of the Holodomor in Ukraine" 9575: 7700: 7185: 5592: 5561: 17762: 17517: 16797: 16475: 16226: 16169: 16050: 15801: 15390: 14139: 13949: 9904: 4402: 4329: 3785:, "genocide" is the wrong word for China's actions due to China not engaging in mass murder. 2768: 2345: 2340: 1408: 1386: 1304: 1081: 913: 597: 371: 333: 15759: 14797:

Pólemos kai Ethnokátharsi: I xechasméni plevrá mias dekaetoús ethnikís exórmisis (1912-1922)

14587: 12872:"On Xinjiang, even those wary of Holocaust comparisons are reaching for the word "genocide"" 10101: 9514:[Chamber recognizes IS crimes against Yazidis as genocide: 'Important first step']. 9224:[The Senate passes a resolution to recognize the “genocide” of Eastern minorities]. 726:

genocide because of political concerns about their relations with the government of Turkey.

17913: 17812: 17395: 17188: 17167: 16534: 16388: 16234: 16193: 15971: 15920:

Pruitt, W. R. (2017). "Understanding genocide denial legislation: A comparative analysis".

14048: 13226: 12876: 12773: 12638:[Roma, Sinti and Jenische. Swiss Gypsy-politics at the time of National Socialism] 12636:"Roma, Sinti und Jenische. Schweizerische Zigeunerpolitik zur Zeit des Nationalsozialismus" 12226: 11848: 11089: 10986: 10848: 10843: 10680: 10384: 9900: 8465:"HCDH | UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria: ISIS is committing genocide against the Yazidis" 8179: 4982: 3906: 3763: 3685: 3672: 3518: 2741: 2391: 2229: 1869: 1645: 1537:

and their supporters promote 23 February as World Chechnya Day to commemorate the victims.

750: 146: 61: 14804:

War and Ethnic Cleansing: The Forgotten Side of a Ten-Year National Expedition (1912-1922)

14297:

European Atrocity, African Catastrophe: Leopold II, the Congo Free State and its Aftermath

14217: 9121:"By Any Other Name. How, When, and Why the US Government Has Made Genocide Determinations" 4834:"By Any Other Name. How, When, and Why the US Government Has Made Genocide Determinations" 2409:, which was later passed making it the fourth political entity to recognise the genocide. 1623:

included it in a list of Soviet policies that “meet the standard of genocide." Historians

340:

from the late 19th century until the mid-20th century as 'genocide', especially after the

8: 17730: 17432: 17299: 17248: 16954: 16850: 16821: 16781: 16765: 16412: 16364: 16330: 16322: 16291: 16066: 15797: 15574: 14000: 13941: 13578:"The Uyghur Genocide: An Examination of China's Breaches of the 1948 Genocide Convention" 13463: 12154: 12031: 11336: 10595: 9194: 9085: 8828: 5781: 5339:"Taner Akçam: Türkiye'nin, soykırım konusunda her bakımdan izole olduğunu söyleyebiliriz" 4955: 4251: 3793: 3636: 3444: 3382: 3019: 2520: 2423: 2316: 2114: 2064: 1969: 1624: 1506: 1505:

compared the deportation to a "slow genocide". In this case this was acknowledged by the

1481: 1454: 1288: 1277: 1230: 1157: 981: 953: 427: 313: 255: 201: 106: 16566: 15645:"Legacies of an imperial past in a small nation. Patterns of postcolonialism in Belgium" 14800:Πόλεμος και Εθνοκάθαρση: Η ξεχασμένη πλευρά μιας δεκαετούς εθνικής εξόρμησης (1912-1922) 14271:

Drumond, Paula (2011). "Invisible Males: The Congolese Genocide". In Jones, Adam (ed.).

12119: 11644: 11200: 10331: 4459:"Indigenous people ask Canadians to 'put their pride aside' and reflect this Canada Day" 3493: 1948: 1323:

and sentenced to 40 years in prison. In 2019 an appeals court increased his sentence to

17255: 17241: 17002: 16858: 16710: 16396: 16283: 16273: 16025: 15767: 15746: 15715: 15707: 15676: 15351: 15291: 15187: 15155: 15057: 15016: 14892: 14515: 14498: 14375: 14127: 13818: 13717:

Culture of Enmity: The Discursive Struggle for Taiwan in the Making of the New Cold War

13707: 13705: 13522: 12909: 12812:"China Suppression Of Uighur Minorities Meets U.N. Definition Of Genocide, Report Says" 12793: 12309: 11815: 10547: 10543:"Pope Francis compares Russia's war against Ukraine to a devastating Stalin-era famine" 8667:"'Above politics': MPs vote unanimously to bring Yazidi refugees to Canada in 4 months" 8376: 8237: 7373: 7281: 7203: 6934: 6412: 5482: 5460: 5404: 5323: 5291: 5259: 5215: 5177: 4882: 4306: 4268: 4219: 4165: 3945: 3804: 3789: 3767:

rape, enforced sterilisation and persecution." "Victims have been "forced to remain in

3733: 3606: 2372: 2290: 2217: 1930:

and by other observers as one of the worst environmental disasters of the 20th century.

1810:

A minority dispute defining the event as genocide. According to Alexander Statiev, the

1587: 1391: 1253:

of 1992–1995. The events in Srebrenica in 1995 included the killing of more than 8,000

1124: 1084:

has been described as an act of genocide by historians and genocide scholars including

826: 592: 534: 76: 14754:"Diaspora coalition-building for genocide recognition: Armenians, Assyrians and Kurds" 13980:

A Difficult Neighbourhood: Essays on Russia and East-Central Europe since World War II

12841: 11788:"Declaration on the Eighty-Fifth Anniversary of the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine" 11491:[The US Senate recognized the Holodomor as genocide of the Ukrainian people]. 11454:"The Parliament of Wales recognized the Holodomor as genocide of the Ukrainian people" 10578:"Austria adopts resolution declaring Holodomor genocide in Ukraine 'a terrible crime'" 10102:"Towards a Decentred History: The Study of the Holodomor and Ukrainian Historiography" 8274: 4763:"Armeniërs in Nederland: erkenning VS van Armeense genocide is 'pleister op de wonde'" 4495:"Experts say Trudeau's acknowledgment of Indigenous genocide could have legal impacts" 3689: 2319:, affirmed the genocide in the Pontus region of Asia Minor and designated 19 May (the 1441:

Meeting in Strasbourg on February 23, 2017 dedicated to the anniversary of deportation

654:

formally recognized the Anfal as genocide following a campaign led by Conservative MP

453: 17945: 17940: 17557: 17220: 17146: 17067: 16662: 16542: 16500: 16372: 16356: 16161: 16034: 15976: 15906: 15849: 15845: 15821: 15811: 15785: 15775: 15760: 15719: 15680: 15668: 15607: 15584: 15535: 15525: 15501: 15491: 15466: 15418: 15410: 15400: 15372: 15314: 15295: 15254: 15247:

The Making of the Greek Genocide: Contested Memories of the Ottoman Greek Catastrophe

15224: 15199: 15147: 15107: 15081: 15061: 15035: 15020: 15009: 14992: 14982: 14943: 14926: 14916: 14896: 14857: 14847: 14820: 14734: 14702: 14687: 14675: 14665: 14639: 14613: 14603: 14588: 14572: 14526: 14502: 14455: 14434: 14399: 14379: 14346: 14338: 14328: 14305: 14280: 14239: 14229: 14205: 14195: 14176: 14131: 14110:

Chang, Jon K. (2019). "Ethnic Cleansing and Revisionist Russian and Soviet History".

14075: 14056: 13984: 13965: 13955: 13927: 13863: 13843: 13835: 13825: 13802: 13767: 13750: 13748: 13732: 13405: 12955: 12914: 12797: 12785: 12574: 12543: 12476: 12090: 11191:"Dutch House of Representatives recognises Holodomor as genocide of Ukrainian people" 10958: 10552: 10289: 10248: 10246: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10123: 9418:"New Iraqi law 'major step' in assisting ISIL's female victims but more must be done" 8446: 8380: 7785: 7720: 7710: 7524:"Chechnya: European Parliament recognises the genocide of the Chechen People in 1944" 7248: 7029: 6938: 6658: 6417: 5752: 5748: 5632: 5602: 5571: 5464: 5415: 5379: 5327: 5295: 5263: 5221: 5160: 5052: 4988: 4919: 4886: 4410: 4384: 4343: 4310: 4272: 4157: 3940: 3921: 3872: 3640: 3355: 3027: 2963: 2637: 2593: 2568: 2484: 2049: 1603: 1539:

The Chechens and Ingush, along with the Karachai and Balkars, are represented in the

1416: 1324: 1176: 833: 812: 703: 501:

MPs defied their fellow party members in the UK government. Foreign Office secretary

357: 325: 297: 210: 141: 56: 22: 17533: 16558: 16121: 15750: 15355: 15159: 13702: 13378:"'Credible' case of Chinese government genocide against Uighur Muslims, say lawyers" 13305:"Concentration camps and forced labor: China's repression of the Uighurs, explained" 12204: 11498: 11165:"Romania, Moldova, Ireland recognize Holodomor as genocide against Ukrainian people" 10389:"Romania, Moldova, Ireland recognize Holodomor as genocide against Ukrainian people" 10253: 10238: 10236: 10234: 10232: 10230: 10228: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10220: 9222:"Le Sénat vote une résolution pour reconnaître le "génocide" des minorités d'Orient" 5525: 4733:[Chamber calls on the government to fully recognize the Armenian genocide]. 4658:"Vertrouwen in de toekomst. Regeerakkoord 2017 – 2021 VVD, CDA, D66 en ChristenUnie" 4426:"Canada's hypocrisy: Recognizing genocide except its own against Indigenous peoples" 4223: 4087:

Declaration on the Eighty-Fifth Anniversary of the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine

3023: 2416:

unanimously adopted a resolution recognizing both the Greek and Assyrian genocides.

2082:

voted unanimously 393-0 that violent actions performed against Yazidis, Christians,

17677: 17565: 17363: 17319: 17234: 16963: 16946: 16646: 16638: 16622: 16348: 16250: 16242: 15875: 15738: 15699: 15658: 15560: 15458: 15343: 15283: 15191: 15139: 15103: 15047: 14912: 14884: 14768: 14657: 14522: 14490: 14426: 14367: 14119: 14098: 14034: 14009: 13919: 13886: 13792: 13724: 13712: 13140:"In parting shot, Trump administration accuses China of 'genocide' against Uighurs" 13084:"U.S. commission says China possibly committed 'genocide' against Xinjiang Muslims" 12865: 12863: 12845: 12777: 12720: 12688: 11844: 11493: 11331: 11195: 11146: 10738: 10592:"Belgium's House of Representatives recognises Holodomor as genocide of Ukrainians" 10394: 10340: 10113: 9840:"Government Spokesman's written statement on the Greek Pontiac Genocide, yesterday" 8933: 8436: 8431: 8368: 8130:"Foreign Affairs Committee passes motion by Wrzesnewskyj on Crimean Tatar genocide" 8080: 8076:"Lithuanian parliament recognizes Soviet crimes against Crimean Tatars as genocide" 7518: 7516: 6926: 5452: 5315: 5283: 5251: 5193: 5152: 4984:

Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur

4874: 4374: 4333: 4298: 4260: 4209: 4201: 4121: 3925: 3768: 3625: 3611: 2528: 2462: 2306: 1993: 1917: 1819: 1633: 1616: 1534: 1465:, German historian Philipp Ther, Professor Anthony James Joes, American journalist 1300: 1299:(ICJ). On 24 March 2016, former Bosnian Serb leader and the first president of the 1226: 1214: 1168: 1117: 1093: 1059: 1055: 906: 598:

Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur

353: 309: 191: 153: 96: 15663: 15644: 14772: 13745: 12781: 12361: 12083: 10819:[Statement by Riigikogu on 20 October 1993] (in Estonian). 20 October 1993 10512:"Romania and Belarus' opposition recognized Holodomor as a genocide of Ukrainians" 10318: 9620:

I 19i Maḯou, kathierónetai os iméra mnímis tis genoktonías ton Ellínon tou Póntou

8736: 8535:"European Parliament recognizes ISIS killings of religious minorities as genocide" 8403: 8372: 5319: 5287: 5182:"Truth in Telling: Reconciling Realities in the Genocide of the Ottoman Armenians" 4379: 4364: 4264: 4205: 3812:

Twitter and YouTube. In August 2022, the U.S. State Department published a report

3781:

wrote that while China's treatment and persecution of Uyghurs is "horrific" and a

3583:

social outcast Roma were deported. This matters and influences the Roma mentality.

2285: 1903:

In the 1990s, the marshes were drained for political motives, namely to force the

1396:

consultation with academics, human rights activists and Circassian diaspora groups

17873: 17589: 17525: 17501: 17310: 17043: 17010: 16930: 16614: 16582: 16009: 15524:. Vol. 6. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 33. 15304: 15214: 14567: 14540: 14510: 14494: 14295: 14013: 13796: 13687: 13559:"China has breached all provisions of UN Genocide Convention in Xinjiang: Report" 12174: 12161: 12046: 11867: 11545: 11458: 10791:"The Czech Republic recognized the Holodomor of 1932–1933 as genocide in Ukraine" 10217: 9722: 9512:"Kamer erkent IS-misdaden tegen jezidi's als genocide: 'Belangrijke eerste stap'" 8863: 7437: 7244:"Newsom apologizes for California's history of violence against Native Americans" 7071: 6312: 5496: 5373: 5114: 4913: 4878: 4148: 3992:(1904–1907) a genocide because of its defined, systematic and intentional nature. 3858: 3505: 2548: 2500: 2398: 2176: 2151:

adopted a similar resolution two days later (originally tabled on 25 May 2016 by

2143: 1893: 1889: 1474: 1019: 998: 969: 944: 917: 885: 684: 403: 71: 15332:

Statiev, Alexandar (2010). "Soviet ethnic deportations: intent versus outcome".

15287: 14888: 13728: 13480:"China breaching every act in genocide convention, says legal report on Uighurs" 13193: 12860: 12286: 10676:"Bulgarian parliament recognizes Holodomor as genocide against Ukrainian people" 9622:Η 19η Μαΐου, καθιερώνεται ως ημέρα μνήμης της γενοκτονίας των Ελλήνων του Πόντου 8070: 8068: 7513: 6603:

Olusoga, David; Tailor, Neelam; Costa, Marina; Chulani, Nikhita (19 June 2020).

5873: 5130: 2375:

has also officially called the events "Greek Genocide in Pontus of Asia Minor".

1864:

A 1994 map of the Mesopotamian Marshes with the pink zones showing drained areas

1842:. He noted that the deportations had been in fact based on ethnicity of victims. 1594:

in 2020 for the Day of Remembrance for the victims of the Crimean Tatar genocide

1262: 386:

during the Second World War), and in May 2021 Germany officially recognised the

17653: 17262: 17227: 16914: 16906: 16882: 16467: 16314: 16306: 15565: 15548: 15517: 15487: 15250: 14968: 14730: 14595: 14469: 14451: 14371: 14123: 14039: 14022: 13855: 12327: 11766:"Thirty-eight states co-author UN Declaration on 85th anniversary of Holodomor" 11585:"European Parliament recognizes Holodomor as genocide against Ukrainian people" 11394:[Slovenia recognized the famine as genocide, Zelenski thanks the MPs]. 9484: 9425: 9417: 8962: 8954: 8895: 8399: 8396:"UN Environment Programme Releases Report on Demise of Mesopotamian Marshlands" 8045:"Latvian Lawmakers Label 1944 Deportation Of Crimean Tatars As Act Of Genocide" 7692: 6117: 5935: 5140: 5048:"The Museum of Amna Suraka: a Critical Case Study of Kurdistani Memory Culture" 4139: 3724: 3514: 3510: 3420: 3400: 3341: 3265: 2907: 2717: 2621: 2589: 2581: 2297:

Following an initiative of MPs of the so-called "patriotic" wing of the ruling

2110: 2096: 2060: 2023: 2008: 1965: 1923: 1897: 1620: 1607: 1485: 1328: 1109: 1101: 976: 898: 794: 699: 580: 502: 81: 15347: 15195: 15143: 14517:

King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa

14102: 13471: 12259:[Resolution passed: Congress is in solidarity with Ukrainian people]. 10903:"French Senate recognizes 1932-1933 Holodomor as genocide of Ukrainian people" 9983: 9926: 9353:"Israel votes against formally recognizing Yazidi massacres by IS as genocide" 8955:"ISIL crimes against Yazidis constitute genocide, UN investigation team finds" 8101: 8099: 8039: 8037: 7724: 6930: 5456: 4626:"Israel votes against formally recognizing Yazidi massacres by IS as genocide" 4338: 4302: 3696:

issued a statement that its Subcommittee on International Human Rights of the

2315:

on 8 March 1994 and 13 October 1998 respectively. The 1994 decree, created by

1461:(adopted in 1948), including French historian and expert on communist studies 17934: 17685: 17549: 17541: 17509: 17075: 16670: 15863: 15837: 15690: 15672: 15442: 15422: 15368: 15151: 15077: 14861: 14716: 14679: 14481:

Goddeeris, Idesbald (2015). "Postcolonial Belgium: The Memory of the Congo".

14438: 14350: 13903: 13847: 13409: 13400: 13309: 13268: 12959: 12937: 12918: 12789: 12148: 11426: 11113:"Luxembourg's parliament recognizes Holodomor as genocide against Ukrainians" 10556: 10138: 10127: 10067: 9544:"German lawmakers recognise Islamic State crimes against Yazidis as genocide" 8450: 8065: 8010: 8008: 7472: 7442: 6421: 6145: 4388: 4286: 4161: 3777: 3452: 3299: 2721: 2472: 2323: 2180: 2071: 1827: 1658: 1518: 1502: 1462: 1164: 1140: 1024: 808: 655: 631:

has set aside 14 April as a day of remembrance for the Al-Anfal campaign. In

495:

treatment of Yazidis and Christians by the Islamic State amounted to genocide

407: 391: 379: 329: 305: 13683:"US report details China's efforts to manipulate public opinion on Xinjiang" 13241: 12755: 12661: 12635: 11928:[Resolution of the Senate of Argentina (No. 1278-03)]. 26 June 2003. 11216:"The Netherlands recognizes Holodomor as a genocide of the Ukrainian people" 11137:"Luxembourg Parliament recognises Holodomor as genocide of Ukrainian people" 10646:[Approved recognition of Holodomor as genocide against Ukrainians]. 9641:"Kilkisiou Bartholomeos on the resignation of former Minister G. Daskalakis" 8124: 8122: 7996: 7994: 6472: 6470: 5700:"What Delhi HC Order on 1984 Anti-Sikh Pogrom Says About 2002 Gujarat Riots" 5674: 5156: 4249:

Catic, Maja (2015). "Circassians and the Politics of Genocide Recognition".

3528:

in 2017 gave more details of the chronology of recognition and reparations:

1568:

Ukrainian coin commemorating the Genocide of the Crimean Tatars, issued 2015

17661: 17195: 17105: 15829: 15742: 15509: 15426: 15324: 15234: 15095: 14744: 14727:

The Battle for the Sacred Fire: Race of the World Powers on the Caspian Sea

14649: 14315: 13484: 13170: 13006:"US accuses China of 'genocide' of Uyghurs and minority groups in Xinjiang" 12950: 11833: 11327:"Slovakian parliament recognises Holodomor as genocide of Ukrainian people" 11036:"Ireland's Senate recognizes Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine as genocide" 10816: 10708:"Bulgaria's National Assembly declares the Holodomor In Ukraine a genocide" 8635: 8175:"Poland's Sejm recognizes Soviet deportation of Crimean Tatars as genocide" 8096: 8034: 7952: 7425: 7199:"'It's Called Genocide': Newsom Apologizes to the State's Native Americans" 6908: 6609: 6483: 5846: 5563:

War and Religion: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict [3 volumes]

5171:

Despite growing scholarly consensus on the fact of the Armenian Genocide...

5110:"Historic Debate Secures Parliamentary Recognition of the Kurdish Genocide" 4798: 4668:(in Dutch). Dutch House of Representatives. 10 October 2017. Archived from 4532: 3644: 3568: 3321: 2772: 2729: 2540: 2488: 2152: 2086:

and other groups by IS were acts of genocide. Days later on 17 March 2016,

2031:

Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic

1997: 1449:

by various scholars as well as the European Parliament on the basis of the

1089: 1011: 993: 863:

Atrocities in the Congo Free State § Historiography and the term "genocide"

647:

reject that any mass killings of Kurds occurred during the Anfal campaign.

632: 538: 383: 288:

Canadian Indian residential schools gravesite discoveries § Government

41: 16208: 15462: 14722:

Der Kampf um das Heilige Feuer: Wettlauf der Weltmächte am Kaspischen Meer

13923: 13049: 13023: 12946:"Exiled Uighurs call on ICC to investigate Chinese 'genocide' in Xinjiang" 12737:"Forced Confessions as Identity Conversion in China's Concentration Camps" 12175:"Colombia Recognizes Holodomor Famine In Ukraine In 1932-1933 As Genocide" 11392:"Slovenija gladomor priznala za genocid, Zelenski se zahvaljuje poslancem" 10049:

on 11 October 2008 – via Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies,

9786:

Pontic Genocide, Responsible is the imperialistic opportunism, 20 May 2009

8937: 8148: 8005: 5722:"Why Gujarat 2002 Finds Mention in 1984 Riots Court Order on Sajjan Kumar" 5198: 5181: 17573: 17285: 17278: 16890: 16017: 15446: 15438: 15434: 14816: 14387: 14023:"A Double Dispossession: The Crimean Tatars After Russia's Ukrainian War" 13907: 13899: 13755: 13296: 13198: 12997: 12804: 12521:

Roma and Conflict: Understanding the Impact of War and Political Violence

10519: 9713: 9149: 8631:"MPs unanimously declare Yazidis and Christians victims of Isis genocide" 8441: 8426: 8156:"Polish Sejm recognises Soviet deportation of Crimean Tatars as genocide" 8119: 7991: 6467: 6059:"'Wall of Truth' to have names of all Sikhs killed in hate crimes: DSGMC" 5240:"Introduction: The Ottoman Genocides of Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks" 4794:"MPs unanimously declare Yazidis and Christians victims of Isis genocide" 4499: 4125: 3712: 3125: 2677: 2364: 2336: 2239: 1904: 1831: 1360: 1250: 1190: 1097: 711: 644: 636: 588: 465: 15879: 15052: 14586:

Joes, Anthony James (2010). "Guerrilla Warfare". In Fink, George (ed.).

13890: 12896: 12566:

The East European gypsies: regime change, marginality, and ethnopolitics

12465:"Compensation withheld: The denial of reparations to the Sinti and Roma" 11609: 10093: 9951: 8597:"The pain of hearing: Australia's parliament recognises Yazidi genocide" 4214: 4169: 4143: 1010:

Allegations of genocide in the Free State have become common over time.

362:

Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany

17581: 17160: 17121: 16702: 16598: 16177: 15711: 15386: 14947: 14430: 12748: 10644:"Aprovado reconhecimento do Holodomor como genocídio contra ucranianos" 10073:[LAW OF UKRAINE: About the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine]. 9955: 7781: 5255: 4735: 4702: 3808: 3464: 3456: 3083: 2225: 2090: 1815: 1612: 1316: 1312: 733: 16898: 13715:; Ruiz Casado, Juan Alberto (2023). "What Is Happening in Xinjiang?". 11290: 10207:"Statement by Pope John Paul II on the 70th anniversary of the Famine" 10062: 10060: 9080: 9078: 2535:. Some regimes, politicians or organisations may occasionally deny or 2499:, periodisation, scope (for example, some historians believe that the 1411:. The next year, on the same day of 21 May, a monument was erected in 17139: 17128: 16606: 16265: 14635: 14301: 14276: 13143: 12834: 12387: 11888: 11790:. Permanent Mission of Ukraine to the United Nations. 7 December 2018 11743: 11589: 11117: 10907: 10726: 10459: 10210: 9896: 9457: 9325: 7021: 6654: 5809:"Jagdish Tytler's role in 1984 anti-Sikh riots to be re-investigated" 5625:

Twenty years of impunity: the November 1984 pogroms of Sikhs in India

5598: 3678: 3307: 3069: 2795: 2782:

The following countries have recognised the Holodomor as a genocide:

2665: 2597: 2402: 2261: 2247: 1746: 1558:

Deportation of the Crimean Tatars § Genocide question and recognition

926: 802: 798: 707: 301: 196: 15703: 13370: 12978: 12440:"Resolution of the House of Representatives of the US (HRES 356 EH)" 10831: 10285:"U.S. Senate Says Stalin 'Committed Genocide' In Famine-Hit Ukraine" 10118: 9187:"Meeting of the Parliament 23 March 2017: Justice for Yazidi People" 1912:

United States and others to describe the draining of the marshes as

1860: 1641:

was only allowed to be taught again in Soviet schools in the 1980s.

1455:

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

683:

The eternal flame at the center of the twelve slabs, located at the

17906:

Defense for Children International – Palestine et al v. Biden et al

17202: 17181: 17153: 17098: 15963: 15396: 15310: 15184:

The Memory of Genocide in Tasmania, 1803–2013: Scars on the Archive

14414: 13820:

The Tatars of Crimea: Return to the Homeland: Studies and Documents

13459:"Legal experts accuse China of committing genocide against Uighurs" 12052: 11802: 11622: 11062: 11010:"Iceland recognizes Holodomor as genocide against Ukrainian people" 10734:"Croatian government supports recognition of Holodomor as genocide" 10057: 9984:"Austrian Parliament Recognizes Armenian, Assyrian, Greek Genocide" 9970:"Dutch Parliament Recognizes Greek, Assyrian and Armenian Genocide" 9757: 9357: 9157:"Scottish Parliament recognizes genocide against the Yezidi people" 9075: 8671: 8539: 8111: 7702:

From Conquest to Deportation: The North Caucasus under Russian Rule

7405: 7362: 7360: 6988: 5567: 5530: 5343: 5239: 4630: 4463: 3698:

Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development

3533:

Parliament declared that the Nazi persecution of Roma was based on

3468: 3412: 3223: 3209: 3181: 3139: 2879: 2851: 2725: 2705: 2701: 2693: 2681: 2617: 2609: 2577: 2445: 2380: 1922:

The draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes has been described by the

1662: 1599: 1522: 1446: 1400: 1308: 1269: 1254: 1136: 965: 894: 737: 715: 584: 576: 537:

in May 1994 regarding Rwanda, and the second by Secretary of State

251: 186: 30: 15825: 15789: 15539: 15505: 15437:(2023). "Genocide in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania), 1803–1871". In 15414: 14996: 14930: 14617: 14243: 14209: 13353:"Holocaust Museum report warns China "may be committing genocide"" 12542:] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. pp. 3, 90. 12445:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 20 October 2003. Archived from 12358:"NR SR: Prijali deklaráciu k hladomoru v bývalom Sovietskom zväze" 11272:"Romania recognizes Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine as genocide" 10455:"Romania recognizes Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine as genocide" 8949: 8947: 8793:"Fighting to bring ISIS to justice for war crimes against Yazidis" 8760:"Why ISIS's treatment of Yazidi women must be treated as genocide" 7523: 6695: 1926:

as a "tragic human and environmental catastrophe" on par with the

15483:

The Dark Side of Nation-States: Ethnic Cleansing in Modern Europe

14662:

The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe

13280: 13194:"Chinese invasion of Taiwan would be 'grievous mistake': Blinken" 13088: 12257:"Aprueba resolución: Congreso se solidariza con pueblo Ucraniano" 11860: 11618:"EU parliament votes to recognise 'Holodomor' famine as genocide" 9842:. Republic of Cyprus Press and Information Office. Archived from 9809: 9548: 7967: 6308:"Belgium's genocidal colonial legacy haunts the country's future" 4731:"Kamer roept regering op volmondig Armeense genocide te erkennen" 4700:[House of Representatives recognizes Armenian genocide]. 3823:

identity based on Han heritage, language, and Xi Jinping Thought.

3440: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3408: 3404: 3251: 3195: 3111: 3005: 2991: 2977: 2935: 2921: 2893: 2823: 2809: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2713: 2697: 2673: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2629: 2625: 2601: 2257: 2209: 2184: 2166: 1957: 1953: 1913: 1881: 1696: 1412: 1390:

outreach efforts to North Caucasian ethnic groups since the 2008

688: 602: 572: 461: 411: 375: 14342: 13969: 13839: 12680: 11478: 10276: 7357: 4594:"Motion to call residential schools genocide backed unanimously" 4561:"Motion to call residential schools genocide backed unanimously" 4144:"The G-Word: The Armenian Massacre and the Politics of Genocide" 3845:

Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russo-Ukrainian War

3681:'s presidential campaign described China's actions as genocide. 2751:

In November 2022, the Holodomor was recognized as a genocide by

2426:

passed resolutions recognizing the Greek and Assyrian genocides.

2301:

party's parliamentary group and like-minded MPs of conservative

2216:

unanimously approved a resolution by opposition representatives

2018:(UNHCR). The organization cited the numerous atrocities such as 1900:

marshes, were drained at different times for different reasons.

435:

and the prosecution of ISIS fighters." On 22 February 2018, the

17269: 14192:

Politics of the Black Sea: Dynamics of Cooperation and Conflict

9927:"Fred Nile: Genocide motion not against modern State of Turkey" 9858: 9600: 9390: 9386:"Iraq Adopts New Law To Assist Survivors Of The Daesh Genocide" 8944: 8825:"UN accuses the "Islamic State" in the genocide of the Yazidis" 8019: 7268: 7052: 6819: 6817: 5777:"Delhi to reopen inquiry in to massacre of Sikhs in 1984 riots" 4974: 3667:

keep the file open for such further evidence to be submitted."

3534: 3460: 3448: 3436: 3167: 3097: 3055: 2949: 2865: 2837: 2689: 2669: 2661: 2633: 2613: 2605: 2387: 2332: 2327: 2172: 2139: 2121: 2016:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

1835: 1796: 1771: 1721: 1653: 1649: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1180: 1172: 758: 722: 564: 324:(2014–present; recognised by Canada in February 2021), and the 293: 13798:

Destroying to Replace: Settler Genocides of Indigenous Peoples

13632:"How China Spreads Its Propaganda Version of Life for Uyghurs" 13166:"Mike Pompeo declares China's treatment of Uighurs 'genocide'" 12905:"Uighur Exiles Push for Court Case Accusing China of Genocide" 12655: 12653: 11486:"Senat SSHA vyznav Holodomor henotsydom ukrayinsʹkoho narodu" 8322:"The Marshlands of Southern Iraq: A Very Humanitarian Dilemma" 7190: 7152: 6457: 6455: 6387: 5437:"Turkey: Successor or Continuing State of the Ottoman Empire?" 3395:

United Nations Organization for Education, Science and Culture

2147:

have these crimes recognised, and the perpetrators tried. The

1652:

recognized the event as an act of genocide on 9 May 2019. The

929:

proportions," which led him to call it "the Congo holocaust."

342:

2021 Canadian Indian residential schools gravesite discoveries

16834: 16492: 15842:

Year of the Sword: The Assyrian Christian Genocide: A History

13658:"PRC Efforts To Manipulate Global Public Opinion on Xinjiang" 13250:"MPs vote to label China's persecution of Uighurs a genocide" 12842:"Calls for UN probe of China forced birth control on Uighurs" 12469:

The Gypsies during the Second World War – 3 The Final Chapter

10982:"Iceland recognizes Holodomor as genocide against Ukrainians" 9659: 9024: 8501: 8469: 7456:"Georgia Recognizes Russian 'Genocide' Of Ethnic Circassians" 6889: 6584: 6574: 6572: 6515: 3472: 3416: 3376:

Many countries have signed declarations in statements at the

3283: 3237: 3041: 2733: 2709: 2657: 2298: 2202: 980:

Picture of "Congolese men holding cut off hands" captured by

778: 766: 13276:"Dutch parliament: China's treatment of Uighurs is genocide" 12127:"Journals of the Senate No.72, 2nd Session, 37th Parliament" 10839:"France recognizes Holodomor as genocide against Ukrainians" 9289:[Recognition of the genocide perpetrated by Daesh]. 9053:"Foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq. Resolution 2091 (2016)" 7642: 7483: 7332: 7310:"Law School Would Really Like To Be Rid Of Genocider's Name" 7229:

Vulliamy, Ed. Reclaiming Native Identity in California.2023.

6814: 6559: 6557: 6081: 456:'s suggestion to send a government representative to attend 15932: 15549:"Genocide's Aftermath: Neostalinism in Contemporary Crimea" 13222:"Biden administration reviewing China genocide designation" 12650: 12055:"Statement on the 75th Anniversary of the Ukrainian Famine" 11811:"85 Years Later, Ukraine Marks Famine That Killed Millions" 10928:"Німеччина визнала Голодомор геноцидом українського народу" 10068:"ZAKON UKRAYINY: Pro Holodomor 1932–1933 rokiv v Ukrayini" 9817:["The people must remember" – POLITICS – RADICAL]. 9706: 9485:"Belgian parliament unanimously recognizes Yazidi genocide" 9022:[UN experts: IS is guilty of genocide of Yazidis]. 8989:"ISIL committed genocide against Yazidis: UN investigation" 8817: 8624: 8622: 8187: 7782:"Kazakhstan: Chechens Mark 60th Anniversary Of Deportation" 7161:"Radovan Karadzic Sentenced to Life for Bosnian War Crimes" 6452: 5813: 3814:

PRC Efforts to Manipulate Global Public Opinion on Xinjiang

3751:

in February 2021 to recognize China's actions as genocide.

3153: 2685: 2480: 2212:: On 30 June 2021, the Foreign Relations Commission of the 2194: 2083: 1877: 1873: 1591: 762: 519:

California genocide § Apology by California's governor

13396:""Genocide" is the wrong word for the horrors of Xinjiang" 12418:

HOLODOMOR : The famine-genocide of Ukraine, 1932–1933

12414:"Holodomor 1932–1933. Reference, Government Reports, Laws" 9812:""Oi laoí prépei na thymoúntai" – POLITIKI – RIZOSPASTIS" 8725: 8696: 8694: 8660: 8658: 7845: 7843: 7816: 6976: 6952: 6865: 6829: 6629: 6627: 6569: 6365: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6289: 6287: 6238: 6236: 6197: 6029:"'Wall of truth' to tell you 1984 riots' story by Nov-end" 5268:

Virtually all American scholars recognize the genocide...

1431:

Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush § Genocide question

1366:

University of California College of the Law, San Francisco

1151:

says there was a widespread call from settlers during the

250:

are efforts to have a certain event (re)interpreted as a "

17771:

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

13436: 13057:"Committee News Release - October 21, 2020 - SDIR (43-2)" 13009: 12815: 11141: 10363: 10356:"Irish Senate recognizes Ukrainian genocide in the 1930s" 9743:

When Greeks Think About Turks: The View from Anthropology

9685: 9612: 9578:[Persecution of Yazidis recognized as genocide]. 9112: 8832: 8797: 8764: 8706: 8528: 8526: 8524: 8297:"The Marsh Arabs of Iraq: Hussein's Lesser Known Victims" 7979: 7855: 6707: 6602: 6554: 6375: 6332: 5745:

The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives

3719:

On January 19, 2021, incoming U.S. president Joe Biden's

3632: 1907:

out of the area and to punish them for their role in the

1801: 1776: 1751: 1726: 1701: 1657:

Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, under its chairman

1423: 1293:

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

1100:, and Tony Barta. The author of the concept of genocide, 15903:

The Genocide Debate: Politicians, Academics, and Victims

13541:"China committing genocide against Uighurs, says report" 13518:"China committing genocide against Uighurs, says report" 12053:

Australian House of Representatives (22 February 2008).

11488:Сенат США визнав Голодомор геноцидом українського народу 8619: 8199: 7927: 7879: 7618: 7582: 7465: 7369:"Georgia Says Russia Committed Genocide in 19th Century" 7277:"Hastings Law to Change Name Linked to Native Massacres" 6804: 6802: 6671: 6503: 4109: 1972:. Some states have recognized it as well, including the 1880:

between the 1950s and 1990s to clear large areas of the

13860:

The King Incorporated: Leopold the Second and the Congo

12501: 12489: 8691: 8655: 8136: 7891: 7840: 7804: 7654: 7606: 7018:

The Routledge companion to military conflict since 1945

6877: 6853: 6624: 6356: 6344: 6284: 6233: 6133: 3990:

German extermination of the Herero in South-West Africa

1846: 14250: 12987:"ICC asks for more evidence on Uighur genocide claims" 11422:"Ukrainian Holodomor: Debated on Thursday 25 May 2023" 10070:ЗАКОН УКРАЇНИ: Про Голодомор 1932–1933 років в Україні 9814:"Οι λαοί πρέπει να θυμούνται" – ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ – ΡΙΖΟΣΠΑΣΤΗΣ 9050: 8859:"UN: ISIS May Have Committed Genocide Against Yazidis" 8521: 7915: 7867: 7761: 6787: 6775: 6763: 6701: 6440: 6408:"Belgian King Returns Mask to Congo in Landmark Visit" 6209: 6173: 6105: 2775:

compared the Russian war in Ukraine with its targeted

2175:: On 21 November 2018, a bill tabled by opposition MP 1826:. He considers such deportations merely an example of 557:

Pacification of Algeria § Characterisation as genocide

17882:

International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine

16421:

Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction

15011:

The Congo, From Leopold to Kabila: A People's History

14390:(2013). "Failed Identity and the Assyrian Genocide". 11689:"Ukraine recognizes the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria" 10956:[Say the famine in Ukraine was mass murder]. 9020:"VN-experts: IS is schuldig aan genocide op yezidi's" 8791:

Karadsheh, Jomana; Jackson, Chris (11 October 2017).

8211: 7828: 7594: 7546: 6964: 6799: 6544: 6542: 6260: 5021:"Anfal campaign receives national day of remembrance" 1992:. Multiple individual human rights activists such as 849: 793:

On 12 August 2005 , then Prime Minister of India Dr.

443:

with 147 votes out of 150; only the three MPs of the

17850:

International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur

15216:

The Laws of Genocide: Prescriptions for a Just World

14074:(5th ed.). Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. 10383: 10147:"Worldwide Recognition of the Holodomor as Genocide" 9996: 9986:. Assyrian International News Agency. 22 April 2015. 7903: 7676:. Brussels: European Parliament. February 26, 2004. 7630: 7570: 7558: 6841: 6272: 6185: 6093: 5560:

Shaw, Jeffrey M.; Demy, Timothy J. (27 March 2017).

5375:

Law and the Politics of Memory: Confronting the Past

3543:

the liberation at the three national memorial sites

2356:

adopted the term "Genocide of the Pontic (Greeks)" (

1550: 875:

It was indeed a holocaust before Hitler's Holocaust.

402:

On 21 November 2018, a bill tabled by opposition MP

328:(2016–present). Some activists and scholars such as 14156:

Frontier Conflict in Van Diemen's Land (PhD thesis)

13035:

United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

9832: 9084: 9059:. Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 7473:"Грузия признала геноцид черкесов в царской России" 6683: 6527: 6248: 6221: 6161: 3688:introduced a bipartisan resolution designating the 3498:

Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of the Nazis

3391:

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

2576:Since 2006, the Holodomor has been recognised as a 2533:

whether Holocaust denial should be legal or illegal

2493:

the existence of an overwhelming amount of evidence

1619:both classified the event as a genocide. Historian 1359:'s involvement in the killing and dispossessing of 493:unanimously supported a motion to declare that the 15922:International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences 15008: 14514: 13817: 13711: 13247: 11900:Permanent Mission of Ukraine to the United Nations 7674:"Texts adopted: Final edition EU-Russia relations" 7402:"Russia's Sochi Olympics awakens Circassian anger" 6539: 5631:(2nd ed.). Portland, OR: Ensaaf. p. 27. 5519: 5517: 5403: 4558: 4230: 3591: 1419:, to commemorate the suffering of the Circassians. 515:United States recognition of the Armenian genocide 13004:Hansler, Jennifer; Rahim, Zamira; Westcott, Ben. 12089: 12001:. 114: 2652–2653. 30 October 2003. Archived from 11942:[National Senator Carlos Alberto Rossi]. 11839: 11085:"Italian Senate recognizes Holodomor as genocide" 9810:rizospastis.gr – Synchroni Epochi (20 May 2008). 9576:"Verfolgung der Jesiden als Völkermord anerkannt" 4918:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 217. 2430: 2331:political interventions. After leftist newspaper 2293:, Greece for the Greek genocide and the Holocaust 1399:Russian-Caucasian war and thereafter constituted 1241:campaign which was waged throughout the areas of 17932: 17739:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 17485: 15003: 13350: 13340:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2021. 13003: 12197:"Columbia declares Holodomor an act of genocide" 12155:Canadian Senate adopts motion on Famine-Genocide 10954:"Segja hungursneyð í Úkraínu hafa verið hópmorð" 9668:"May 19, Pontian Greek Genocide Remembrance Day" 9321:"Armenia Recognises Genocide of Yazidis in Iraq" 8790: 8567:"Armenian Parliament recognizes Yazidi genocide" 6393: 4831: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4063: 4000: 3998: 2026:as being parts of an overall malicious campaign. 1484:, scholars Michael Fredholm and Fanny E. Bryan. 1342:California genocide § Apologies and name changes 16679:German atrocities committed against Soviet POWs 15186:. Palgrave Studies in the History of Genocide. 13940: 13430:Westcott, Ben; Wright, Rebecca (9 March 2021). 11926:"Resolução do Senado da Argentina (n.º1278/03)" 10144: 8664: 8231:The Iraqi Government Assault on the Marsh Arabs 7973: 7112: 5763:around 17,000 Sikhs were burned alive or killed 5668:"Report:Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry" 5514: 4791: 3966:, another aspect of racism in the United States 3886:Crimes against humanity under communist regimes 3387:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 3356:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 2401:was submitted a genocide recognition motion by 2054:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 1533:also recognized it as genocide. Members of the 1027:also referred to the atrocities as a genocide. 280:Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement 15688:Weiner, Amir (2002). "Nothing but Certainty". 14940:Nazi Policies Toward Roma and Sinti, 1933–1945 13429: 9287:"Reconnaissance du génocide perpétré par Daec" 8319: 7528:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization 6405: 5305: 4911: 4728: 3517:cited the massacres of Roma people during the 3487:Romani Holocaust § Recognition and remembrance 3399:Countries to have signed declarations for the 1942:Yazidi genocide § Classification as a genocide 1934: 842:International Association of Genocide Scholars 698:is the formal acceptance of the fact that the 366:Herero and Namaqua genocide § Recognition 16972:Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War 15948: 15573: 14686: 14483:International Journal of Postcolonial Studies 14144:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 ( 13351:Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany (9 November 2021). 13263:and zero opposed. Two MPs formally abstained. 12263:(in Spanish). 30 October 2007. Archived from 11992:"Foreign Affairs: Ukrainian Famine (No. 680)" 6461: 6406:Maclean, Ruth; Peltier, Elian (8 June 2022). 6087: 5621: 5274:Laycock, Jo (2016). "The great catastrophe". 4692: 4690: 4365:"The Futility of Genocide Studies After Gaza" 4182: 4072: 3995: 3956:Native American genocide in the United States 3306:; on 4 October 2018 resolution passed by the 3302:, 11 December 2018 (resolution passed by the 3022:, 24 November 2022 (resolution passed by the 2740:passed resolution of recognition through the 710:from 1915 to 1923, both during and after the 284:Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada 228: 14693:The Cambridge History of the First World War 14445: 14175:. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. 14072:Aboriginal Australians: a history since 1788 13801:. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. 12533: 12524:pp. 42–43, 2017, European Roma Rights Centre 12020:"Australian Senate condemns Famine-Genocide" 10254:"International Recognition of the Holodomor" 9867:Turkey Denounces Greek 'Genocide' Resolution 8703:"U.S. to declare genocide in Iraq and Syria" 6151: 6123: 5081:"The 1988 Anfal Campaign in Iraqi Kurdistan" 4706:(in Dutch). 22 February 2018. Archived from 2128:unanimously supported a motion tabled by MP 819: 486:Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office 378:as an example: it has officially recognised 17858:International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh 17598:Post–World War II Romanian war crime trials 15597: 15385: 14794: 13754: 13118:Congressional-Executive Commission on China 11398:(in Slovenian). 23 May 2023. Archived from 11360:"Slovenia recognizes Holodomor as genocide" 9606: 7822: 7399: 6605:"Is this the end for colonial-era statues?" 6563: 5622:Kaur, Jaskaran; Crossette, Barbara (2006). 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 3962:have been subjected to genocide because of 3875:have been subjected to genocide because of 3762:In February 2021, a report released by the 3706:Congressional-Executive Commission on China 2896:, moved 15 June 2023, approved 28 June 2023 2539:the Holocaust for various reasons, such as 2357: 1074:Black War § Academic discussion of genocide 740:— deny that there was an Armenian genocide. 704:systematic massacres and forced deportation 17805:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 15955: 15941: 14539: 14509: 13081: 12462: 12287:"Eduacor Recognized Holodomor in Ukraine!" 10540: 10099: 9997:Hazara International (23 September 2021). 9755: 9740: 9665: 9051:Parliamentary Assembly (27 January 2016). 8402:. UN Environment Programme. Archived from 7184:ICTY; "Karadzic indictment. Paragraph 19" 6521: 6446: 6381: 6338: 6305: 5998:"'I Lived As A Queen. Now, I'm A Servant'" 5692: 5489: 4915:Raphael Lemkin and the Concept of Genocide 4687: 4488: 4486: 4363:El-Affendi, Abdelwahab (18 January 2024). 4362: 4008:for a list of resolutions with references. 3660:East Turkistan National Awakening Movement 3631:In July 2020, Zenz said an interview with 3599:Persecution of Uyghurs in China § Genocide 2562:Holodomor in modern politics § Recognition 2163:abstaining and the other groups approving. 1295:(ICTY), a finding which was upheld by the 1291:was found to be an act of genocide by the 905:, a genocide must be "acts committed with 563:Some governments and scholars have called 549: 235: 221: 40: 16428:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars 15662: 15564: 15302: 15051: 14656: 14480: 14415:"The Complexity of the Assyrian Genocide" 14038: 13976: 13854: 12602:Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies 10925: 10652:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from 10117: 9718:"Athens and Ankara at odds over genocide" 9220:Mareschal, Edouard de (6 December 2016). 9219: 8925:Journal of International Criminal Justice 8440: 8427:"Reflooding bodes well for Iraqi marshes" 8356: 7985: 7861: 6677: 6578: 6509: 6369: 6293: 5768: 5371: 5347:(in Turkish). 9 July 2020. Archived from 5197: 4769:(in Dutch). 24 April 2021. Archived from 4528:"A Canadian genocide in search of a name" 4423: 4378: 4337: 4213: 4057: 3988:As a comparison, Hochschild labelled the 3896:Denial of genocides of Indigenous peoples 3711:In January 2021, U.S. secretary of state 2246:unanimously passed a motion tabled by MP 2161:Socialist, Ecologist and Republican group 15900: 15796: 15726: 15642: 15626:"Response to 'In the Heart of Darkness'" 15120: 15068: 14903: 14715: 14357: 14216: 14170: 14152: 13815: 13791: 13477: 11357: 10817:"Riigikogu 20. oktoobri 1993. a avaldus" 10282: 10177:"International recognition of Holodomor" 9118: 8172: 7948:"The fatal fact of the Nazi-Soviet pact" 7933: 7885: 7660: 7648: 7624: 7612: 7588: 7426:"Georgia Recognizes 'Circassian Genocide 7015: 6958: 6883: 6871: 6859: 6823: 6781: 6741: 6633: 6350: 6278: 5995: 5933: 5839: 5714: 5660: 5559: 4863:"Genocide in nineteenth-century Algeria" 4818: 4591: 4525: 4401: 4323: 4031: 3609:anthropologist Magnus Fiskesjö wrote in 3492: 3268:, 25 May 2023 (resolution passed by the 2567: 2284: 1947: 1859: 1571: 1563: 1436: 1201: 975: 787:1984 anti-Sikh riots § Impact and legacy 678: 16300:Indigenous peoples in the United States 15546: 15516: 15451:The Cambridge World History of Genocide 15331: 15241: 15181: 15033: 14967: 14909:American Raj: Liberation or Domination? 14833: 14751: 14468: 14270: 14189: 13912:The Cambridge World History of Genocide 13456: 13337:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 13248:Ryan Patrick Jones (22 February 2021). 12984: 12734: 12713: 12507: 12495: 12293:. Ukrainskie novosti. 31 October 2007. 11940:"Senador Nacional Carlos Alberto Rossi" 11711:Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine 11645:"PACE recognises Holodomor as genocide" 11303:National Council of the Slovak Republic 11213: 10353: 10106:East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 9250: 9128:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 8921: 8628: 8193: 8142: 7897: 7873: 7849: 7834: 7810: 7792:from the original on September 22, 2017 7767: 7743:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 7698: 7680:from the original on September 23, 2017 7353:from the original on 25 September 2022. 6769: 6689: 6242: 6215: 6203: 6179: 6139: 5471: 5273: 5145:"Determinants of the Armenian Genocide" 5139: 4980: 4860: 4841:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 4698:"Tweede Kamer erkent Armeense genocide" 4492: 4483: 4236: 4138: 3756:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 2572:Recognition of the Holodomor by country 2459:International response to the Holocaust 2438:Hazara genocide (19th century) § Legacy 1527:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 1096:, Benjamin Madley, Ashley Riley Sousa, 276:Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples 17933: 15919: 15862: 15836: 15687: 15620: 15433: 14958: 14937: 14868: 14810: 14690:; Bloxham, Donald (2014). "Genocide". 14631:Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction 14561: 14327:. Stanford, California: Hoover Press. 14322: 14069: 13951:The Islamic threat to the Soviet State 13191: 12902: 12869: 12761: 12622: 12618: 12562: 12185:from the original on 26 December 2007. 12030:(46). 16 November 2003. Archived from 11808: 10764: 10485: 10335:, Washington, D.C. (21 October 2003). 10333:United States House of Representatives 10026: 10022: 9509: 9450: 9301:from the original on 27 September 2023 8700: 8424: 8393: 8205: 8000: 7945: 7921: 7338: 7307: 7274: 7158: 6994: 6982: 6970: 6895: 6847: 6808: 6793: 6753: 6745: 6737: 6725: 6713: 6651:Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction 6548: 6266: 6254: 6069:from the original on 24 September 2019 6026: 5902: 5874:"PM apologises for 84 anti-Sikh riots" 5842:"India's Anti-Sikh Riots, 30 Years On" 5774: 5742: 5615: 5220:. Oxford University Press. p. 1. 4987:. Yale University Press. p. 374. 4559:The Canadian Press (28 October 2022). 4456: 4407:Taking lives: genocide and state power 4285: 4044: 3650:Although China is not a member of the 2777:destruction of civilian infrastructure 2746:United States House of Representatives 2279:Greek genocide § Political recognition 2101:House of Commons of the United Kingdom 2080:United States House of Representatives 1990:United States House of Representatives 1928:deforestation of the Amazon rainforest 1424:Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush 1372: 1334: 903:1948 definition of the term "genocide" 832:The Sayfo is less well known than the 491:House of Commons of the United Kingdom 17835: 17716: 17484: 17461:Mass killings under communist regimes 16986: 16749: 16444: 16105: 15985: 15936: 15757: 15362: 15267: 15212: 14806:] (in Greek). Athens: Βιβλιόραμα. 14624: 14412: 14386: 14293: 14109: 14088: 14047: 14020: 13997: 13897: 13082:Brunnstrom, David (14 January 2021). 12985:Wintour, Patrick (11 December 2020). 12686: 12307: 12201:Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union 11663:"On the Recognition of the Holodomor" 10926:Sitnikova, Iryna (30 November 2022). 10541:Pianigiani, Gaia (23 November 2022). 10428:Parliament of the Republic of Moldova 10264:from the original on 31 December 2015 10187:from the original on 25 December 2018 9383: 9100:from the original on 25 February 2024 9017: 8805:from the original on 6 September 2023 8757: 8532: 8217: 7909: 7636: 7600: 7552: 7400:Hildebrandt, Amber (14 August 2012). 7366: 7339:Asimov, Nanette (23 September 2022). 7196: 6835: 6757: 6749: 6729: 6645: 6590: 6533: 6476: 6306:Gerdziunas, Benas (17 October 2017). 6227: 6191: 6111: 6099: 5590: 5497:"Anti-Sikh riots a pogrom: Khushwant" 5434: 5237: 5210: 5079:Joost, Hiltermann (3 February 2008). 5078: 4861:Gallois, William (20 February 2013). 4592:Raycraft, Richard (27 October 2022). 4248: 4183:Baser, Bahar; Toivanen, Mari (2017). 4085:Nation has signed the United Nations 3951:Mass killings under communist regimes 3654:, on 6 July 2020 the self-proclaimed 2368:and participates in memorial events. 1479:University of Massachusetts Dartmouth 1272:. These included a resolution by the 102:Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders 17410:Terminology of the Armenian genocide 15522:Chechnya: Life in a War-Torn Society 15479: 15094: 14590:Stress of War, Conflict and Disaster 14585: 13876: 13332:"Chinese Persecution of the Uyghurs" 12884:from the original on 23 October 2020 12822:from the original on 19 October 2020 12593: 12534:Tillack-Graf, Anne-Kathleen (2012). 11615: 10354:Stewart, Daniel (24 November 2022). 10209:. skrobach.com. 2007. Archived from 10145:Baltic Assembly (24 November 2007). 10100:Andriewsky, Olga (23 January 2015). 10038: 9763:[Catastrophe or Genocide?]. 9712: 9588:from the original on 14 January 2024 9333:from the original on 16 January 2018 9267:from the original on 22 January 2023 9232:from the original on 2 February 2024 9063:from the original on 4 December 2023 8903:from the original on 15 October 2018 8425:Hopkin, Michael (21 February 2005). 8398:(Press release). Nairobi/Stockholm: 7779: 7576: 7564: 6907: 6733: 6428:from the original on 16 January 2023 6167: 6039:from the original on 12 October 2019 5996:Naithani, Shobhita (25 April 2009). 5964: 5915:from the original on 29 January 2016 5736: 5538:from the original on 2 November 2009 5523: 5401: 5176: 3467:, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, 3372:(government in exile), 19 April 2023 2495:, but there are some differences in 1854:Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes 1847:Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes 1830:of "unwanted nations." According to 1350:California Truth and Healing Council 665: 484:The legal department of the British 17646:War crimes trials in Soviet Estonia 15580:Congo: The Epic History of a People 14942:. Vol. 2. Gypsy Lore Society. 14664:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 14273:New Directions in Genocide Research 13760:The Political Thought of Xi Jinping 13252:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 12943: 12870:Steger, Isabella (20 August 2020). 12062:Australian House of Representatives 11809:Mendel, Iuliia (24 November 2019). 8871:from the original on 16 August 2015 8665:Kathleen Harris (25 October 2016). 8509:from the original on 5 October 2019 8477:from the original on 12 August 2019 8173:Hodunova, Kateryna (12 July 2024). 7780:Blua, Antoine (February 23, 1944). 7308:Rubino, Kathryn (5 November 2021). 5441:Leiden Journal of International Law 5410:. New York: Facts On File. p. 4021:section for details and references. 4018: 4005: 3869:Black genocide in the United States 3739:The US designation was followed by 2041:other armed groups are involved in. 2035:United Nations Human Rights Council 2000:have also advocated for this view. 1208:Srebrenica-Potočari Memorial Centre 1197: 773:by her Sikh bodyguards. The ruling 292:As of June 2021, the government of 13: 15888: 15766:(repeated ed.). Basingstoke: 14840:Native Americans and Public Policy 14252:"Democratic Republic of the Congo" 13163: 12716:"China's Thousandfold Guantánamos" 12390:. 13 December 2007. Archived from 12297:from the original on 4 March 2008. 12203:. 25 December 2007. Archived from 11713:. 30 November 2007. Archived from 11561:. 11 December 2018. Archived from 11358:Angleški, S. T. A. (23 May 2023). 11274:. 24 November 2022. Archived from 11167:. 24 November 2022. Archived from 10463:. 25 November 2022. Archived from 10317:. 16 November 2005. Archived from 10077:(in Ukrainian). 28 November 2006. 9666:Tsolakidou, Stella (18 May 2013). 9556:from the original on 1 August 2023 9491:from the original on 8 August 2023 9432:from the original on 13 March 2024 9398:from the original on 26 April 2021 9384:Ochab, Ewelina U. (4 March 2021). 9365:from the original on 16 April 2023 9137:from the original on 12 March 2024 8969:from the original on 13 March 2024 8713:from the original on 17 March 2016 8643:from the original on 13 March 2024 8629:Wintour, Patrick (20 April 2016). 8305:. 25 November 2002. Archived from 8001:Radio Free Europe, 21 January 2016 7946:Snyder, Timothy (5 October 2010). 7289:from the original on 26 April 2022 7275:Fuller, Thomas (3 November 2021). 6027:Pandit, Ambika (1 November 2016). 5526:"Indira Gandhi's death remembered" 5406:Genocide and international justice 4729:ANP/Het Parool (9 February 2021). 4634:. 21 November 2018. Archived from 3936:List of ethnic cleansing campaigns 3656:East Turkistan Government-in-Exile 3479: 2588:has run campaigns and lobbied the 2397:On 14 May 2013, the government of 2214:Belgian Chamber of Representatives 1541:Confederation of Repressed Peoples 850:Atrocities in the Congo Free State 744: 685:Armenian Genocide Memorial complex 14: 17972: 14782:from the original on 3 March 2022 13824:. Durham: Duke University Press. 13662:United States Department of State 13302: 13219: 12925:from the original on 10 July 2020 12659: 12473:University of Hertfordshire Press 12420:. Connecticut Holodomor Committee 11980:from the original on 1 July 2017. 11902:. 7 December 2018. Archived from 10710:. 1 February 2023. Archived from 10684:. 1 February 2023. Archived from 10486:Vulcan, Dora (23 November 2022). 10283:Najarian, Mark (5 October 2018). 9524:from the original on 12 July 2021 9465:from the original on 11 July 2021 9032:from the original on 31 July 2021 8999:from the original on 27 July 2021 8839:from the original on 8 March 2020 8772:from the original on 15 July 2015 8679:from the original on 8 April 2024 8607:from the original on 17 June 2019 8577:from the original on 17 June 2019 8394:Partow, Hassan (13 August 2001). 7534:from the original on June 4, 2012 7320:from the original on 10 July 2023 7256:from the original on 2 April 2020 7159:Simons, Marlise (20 March 2019). 6491:from the original on 27 June 2018 6320:from the original on 15 June 2020 5045: 4792:Patrick Wintour (20 April 2016). 3898:, another form of genocide denial 3891:Criticism of communist party rule 3840:Allegations of genocide in Donbas 3475:, Ukraine, and the United States. 2420:States General of the Netherlands 2271: 2260:: On 19 January 2023, the German 2076:United States Department of State 1551:Deportation of the Crimean Tatars 1531:separatist government of Chechnya 845:commemorate victims of the Sayfo. 827:Sayfo § International recognition 622: 525:United States Department of State 479: 458:Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day 17836: 17717: 16987: 16750: 16445: 16106: 15895:Bibliography of genocide studies 15600:Belgium and the Congo, 1885–1980 13954:. London: Taylor & Francis. 13862:(New ed.). London: Granta. 13675: 13650: 13624: 13612:from the original on 1 July 2021 13588: 13510: 13478:Davidson, Helen (9 March 2021). 13423: 13388: 13344: 13324: 13213: 13185: 13157: 13132: 13103: 13075: 12966:from the original on 8 July 2020 12728: 12714:Fiskejö, Magnus (8 April 2019). 12707: 12628: 12612: 12587: 12556: 12527: 12513: 12456: 12432: 12406: 12376: 12350: 12336:Senate of the Republic of Poland 12320: 12308:Jurek, Marek (6 December 2006). 12301: 12279: 12249: 12235:Parliament of the Czech Republic 12219: 12189: 12167: 12012: 11984: 11962: 11950:from the original on 4 July 2004 11932: 11918: 11780: 11758: 11732: 11699: 11681: 11655: 11637: 11616:Dahm, Julia (15 December 2022). 11577: 11513: 11446: 11414: 11384: 11351: 11319: 11264: 11238: 11207: 11183: 11157: 11129: 11105: 11077: 11050: 11028: 11002: 10974: 10946: 10919: 10895: 10863: 10809: 10783: 10758: 10700: 10668: 10636: 10610: 10584: 10570: 10534: 10504: 10479: 10447: 10414: 10377: 10347: 10325: 10304: 10199: 10169: 10032: 10016: 9990: 9976: 9972:. Greek Reporter. 11 April 2015. 9962: 9944: 9919: 9885: 9803: 9791: 9779: 9749: 9734: 9633: 9568: 9536: 9503: 9477: 9444: 9410: 9377: 9345: 9313: 9279: 9244: 9213: 9201:from the original on 9 July 2021 9179: 9119:Buchwald, Todd F. (March 2019). 9044: 9011: 8981: 8915: 8883: 8851: 8784: 8751: 8589: 8559: 8547:from the original on 6 July 2019 8489: 8457: 8418: 8387: 8350: 8313: 8302:United States Institute of Peace 8289: 8259: 8223: 8166: 7939: 7773: 7745:. March 12, 2004. Archived from 7731: 7666: 7449: 7419: 7393: 7301: 7236: 7223: 7178: 7134: 7109:(12 July 2007). §§ 47, 107, 108. 7094: 7076: 7057: 7045: 7009: 7000: 6901: 5946:from the original on 12 May 2010 5775:Nelson, Dean (30 January 2014). 5743:Joseph, Paul (11 October 2016). 5149:Looking Backward, Moving Forward 5001:from the original on 21 May 2024 4932:from the original on 21 May 2024 4912:Irvin-Erickson, Douglas (2017). 4893:from the original on 27 May 2022 4457:Kupfer, Matthew (28 June 2021). 4424:MacDonald, David (4 June 2021). 4056:For details on recognition, see 4050: 4037: 4024: 4011: 3597:This section is an excerpt from 3485:This section is an excerpt from 3362: 3348: 3334: 3314: 3292: 3276: 3258: 3244: 3230: 3216: 3202: 3188: 3174: 3160: 3146: 3132: 3118: 3104: 3090: 3076: 3062: 3048: 3034: 3012: 2998: 2984: 2970: 2956: 2942: 2928: 2914: 2900: 2886: 2872: 2858: 2844: 2830: 2816: 2802: 2788: 2560:This section is an excerpt from 2501:1941–44 Romani genocide/Porajmos 2436:This section is an excerpt from 2277:This section is an excerpt from 2088:United States Secretary of State 1940:This section is an excerpt from 1852:This section is an excerpt from 1789: 1764: 1739: 1714: 1689: 1556:This section is an excerpt from 1429:This section is an excerpt from 1378:This section is an excerpt from 1340:This section is an excerpt from 1082:Tasmania's Aboriginal population 1072:This section is an excerpt from 973:brought about by human agency". 861:This section is an excerpt from 825:This section is an excerpt from 785:This section is an excerpt from 671:This section is an excerpt from 635:a museum was established in the 555:This section is an excerpt from 508: 441:recognised the Armenian genocide 16259:Indigenous peoples in Australia 15986: 15808:University Press of New England 15553:Genocide Studies and Prevention 15306:A History of Genocide in Africa 14027:Genocide Studies and Prevention 13784: 13457:Milward, David (9 March 2021). 12903:Simons, Marlise (6 July 2020). 12134:Journal of the Senate of Canada 11012:. 23 March 2023. Archived from 10847:. 28 March 2023. Archived from 10493:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 10081:from the original on 3 May 2015 9903:. 11 March 2010. Archived from 9510:Swolfs, Lennard (6 July 2021). 9163:. 25 March 2017. Archived from 8701:Labott, Elise (17 March 2016). 8533:Moore, Jack (4 February 2016). 8320:Nadeem A Kazmi, Sayyid (2000). 8050:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 7460:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 7211:from the original on 6 May 2021 7091:(12 July 2007). §§ 36, 47, 111. 7020:. Routledge Companions Series. 7016:Thackrah, John Richard (2008). 6719: 6639: 6596: 6399: 6299: 6051: 6020: 5989: 5971:British Sikh Student Federation 5958: 5927: 5903:Suroor, Hasan (21 April 2011). 5896: 5884:from the original on 9 May 2020 5866: 5833: 5801: 5591:Brass, Paul R. (October 1996). 5584: 5553: 5524:Bedi, Rahul (1 November 2009). 5428: 5395: 5365: 5102: 5072: 5039: 5013: 4962:from the original on 8 May 2023 4948: 4905: 4854: 4832:Todd F. Buchwald (March 2019). 4785: 4755: 4722: 4650: 4618: 4585: 4552: 4526:Fontaine, Phil (19 July 2013). 4519: 4450: 4417: 3982: 3592:Persecution of Uyghurs in China 3378:United Nations General Assembly 1509:as an act of genocide in 2004: 1469:, Canadian political scientist 1274:United Nations General Assembly 1137:Coe v Commonwealth of Australia 641:Directorate of General Security 17175:Genocide of indigenous peoples 16774:Indigenous peoples in Paraguay 16075:Mongols in the Delhi Sultanate 15762:The Historiography of Genocide 15303:Stapleton, Timothy J. (2017). 14844:University of Pittsburgh Press 14838:. In Lyden, Fremont J. (ed.). 14419:Genocide Studies International 13879:Genocide Studies International 12314:Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 11944:Honorable Senate of the Nation 11497:(in Ukrainian). Archived from 11335:. 20 June 2023. Archived from 11214:Vaniyan, Roman (7 July 2023). 11149:. 13 June 2023. Archived from 11121:. 14 June 2023. Archived from 10742:. 15 June 2023. Archived from 10045:. Duna Studios. Archived from 9584:(in German). 19 January 2023. 9451:Struys, Bruno (30 June 2021). 8273:. January 2001. Archived from 8240:. January 2003. Archived from 7699:Perovic, Jeronim (June 2018). 7491:"Georgian Diaspora – Calendar" 6477:Bates, Stephen (13 May 1999). 5244:Genocide Studies International 5186:The American Historical Review 5085:Mass Violence & Résistance 4395: 4356: 4317: 4279: 4242: 4176: 4132: 4113:Holocaust and Genocide Studies 4103: 3902:Genocide of indigenous peoples 2769:Belarusian opposition in exile 2431:1888–1893 Uprisings of Hazaras 2244:Dutch House of Representatives 2004:evidence of ISIS’ war crimes. 1297:International Court of Justice 856:Belgian apologies to the Congo 771:assassination of Indira Gandhi 591:, an Australian expert on the 437:Dutch House of Representatives 421: 1: 17890:Ukraine v. Russian Federation 16194:Jews in the Cossack Hetmanate 15664:10.1080/23745118.2019.1645422 15650:European Politics and Society 14773:10.1080/01419870.2019.1572908 13603:Canadian Anthropology Society 13596:"CASCA Statement on Xinjiang" 12782:10.1080/14623528.2020.1848109 12463:Wippermann, Wolfgang (2006). 11199:. 7 July 2023. Archived from 10962:(in Icelandic). 23 March 2023 10911:. 17 May 2023. Archived from 10765:Thomas, Mark (28 June 2023). 10496:(in Romanian). Archived from 9251:Fromion, Yves (25 May 2016). 9018:Bolle, Isabel (12 May 2021). 8373:10.1080/14623528.2020.1792615 8329:III Jornadas de Medio Oriente 5967:"Remembrance March in London" 5320:10.1080/23761199.2015.1129787 5288:10.1080/0031322X.2016.1195548 5151:. Routledge. pp. 23–50. 4493:Alhmidi, Maan (5 June 2021). 4380:10.1080/14623528.2024.2305525 4265:10.1080/09668136.2015.1102202 4206:10.1080/14623528.2017.1338644 4096: 1886:Tigris-Euphrates river system 1380:Circassian genocide § Georgia 1245:which were controlled by the 1038:In 1999 Hochschild published 838:Armenian genocide recognition 696:Armenian genocide recognition 673:Armenian genocide recognition 629:Kurdistan Regional Government 370:Canadian political scientist 264: 248:Genocide recognition politics 17821:Croatia–Serbia genocide case 17622:Nuremberg Military Tribunals 17468:Anti-communist mass killings 16202:Indigenous peoples in Canada 16138:Indigenous peoples in Brazil 15962: 15730:Journal of Genocide Research 15335:Journal of Genocide Research 15275:Journal of Genocide Research 15268:Sousa, Ashley Riley (2004). 15131:Journal of Genocide Research 14876:Journal of Genocide Research 14495:10.1080/1369801X.2014.998253 14194:. I.B. Tauris. p. 241. 14014:10.1080/13621025.2011.564789 12765:Journal of Genocide Research 12467:. In Kenrick, Donald (ed.). 12261:National Congress of Ecuador 12237:(in Czech). 30 November 2007 10181:Embassy of Ukraine to Canada 8360:Journal of Genocide Research 7367:Barry, Ellen (20 May 2011). 7231:The New York Review of Books 7197:Cowan, Jill (19 June 2019). 7142:Jorgic v. Germany (Judgment) 7102:Jorgic v. Germany (Judgment) 7084:Jorgic v. Germany (Judgment) 6997:, pp. 486–487, 504–506. 6918:Journal of Genocide Research 5402:Frey, Rebecca Joyce (2009). 4879:10.1080/14623528.2012.759395 4867:Journal of Genocide Research 4370:Journal of Genocide Research 4193:Journal of Genocide Research 3850:Anti-communist mass killings 3652:International Criminal Court 3370:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 2554: 2467:Legality of Holocaust denial 2452: 2414:National Assembly of Armenia 2362:) in its official newspaper 2234:International Criminal Court 1974:National Assembly of Armenia 1952:Yazidi Genocide Monument in 1066: 964:... But it was definitely a 757:, was a series of organised 338:Indigenous peoples in Canada 7: 17755:Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal 16923:National Population Program 15288:10.1080/1462352042000225949 14889:10.1080/1462352042000225930 14795:Kostópoulos, Tásos (2007). 14476:. London: Guild Publishing. 14171:Clements, Nicholas (2014). 14153:Clements, Nicholas (2013). 13729:10.1007/978-981-99-4217-6_6 12600:. Duna Studios – via 11974:Government Portal (Ukraine) 10879:(in French). Archived from 9756:Karabelias, George (2010). 9261:National Assembly of France 7974:Bennigsen & Broxup 1983 7149:(12 July 2007). §§ 47, 112. 6702:World Without Genocide 2012 4326:From Windhoek to Auschwitz? 4047:for details and references. 3881:racism in the United States 3864:The Black Book of Communism 3834:Outline of genocide studies 3827: 3526:European Roma Rights Centre 3521:as a historical precedent. 3504:The German government paid 2586:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2525:importance of the Holocaust 2511:. There is a wide range of 2020:forced religious conversion 1935:Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL 1876:and to a smaller degree in 1818:", but Stalin did not have 1451:IV Hague Convention of 1907 1189:Writing in 2023, historian 615:Ben Kiernan, Blood and Soil 544: 523:Between 1989 and 2022, the 388:Herero and Namaqua genocide 318:Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL 10: 17977: 17670:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials 17614:Hamburg Ravensbrück trials 17440:Effects on young survivors 16875:Sabra and Shatila massacre 15892: 15604:Cambridge University Press 15566:10.5038/1911-9933.9.1.1273 15455:Cambridge University Press 15389:; Higgins, Winton (2016). 15221:Greenwood Publishing Group 15121:Schaller, Dominik (2005). 15015:(3rd ed.). New York: 14979:Princeton University Press 14963:(3rd ed.). Routledge. 14834:Legters, Lyman H. (1992). 14699:Cambridge University Press 14545:"In the Heart of Darkness" 14372:10.1080/026349300750057955 14126:(inactive 19 April 2024). 14124:10.1007/s12129-019-09791-8 14040:10.5038/1911-9933.9.1.1271 13916:Cambridge University Press 13061:House of Commons of Canada 12597:Gypsies: A Persecuted Race 12571:Cambridge University Press 12563:Barany, Zoltan D. (2002). 12338:(in Polish). 14 March 2006 10042:Gypsies: A Persecuted Race 9999:"Hazara Genocide Memorial" 9758:"Katastrofí í Genoktonía" 9295:National Assembly of Franc 5478:State pogroms glossed over 5449:Cambridge University Press 5372:Loytomaki, Stiina (2014). 4739:(in Dutch). Archived from 3831: 3788:According to a March 2021 3694:House of Commons of Canada 3596: 3484: 2559: 2456: 2435: 2407:Christian Democratic Party 2276: 2142:: On 6 December 2016, the 2126:House of Commons of Canada 2124:: On 25 October 2016, the 2063:: On 4 February 2016, the 2052:: On 27 January 2016, the 1939: 1851: 1555: 1428: 1377: 1339: 1218: 1212: 1177:Ottomans against Armenians 1071: 860: 853: 824: 784: 670: 601:on the French conquest of 554: 512: 351: 347: 273: 17844: 17725: 17638:Ulm Einsatzkommando trial 17606:Supreme National Tribunal 17496: 17477: 17387: 17309: 17212: 17090: 16997: 16760: 16455: 16217:Residential school system 16116: 15996: 15970: 15868:Relations Internationales 15643:Verbeeck, Georgi (2020). 15598:Vanthemsche, Guy (2012). 15583:. London: Fourth Estate. 15392:The Magnitude of Genocide 15348:10.1080/14623520903118961 15213:Simon, Thomas W. (2007). 15196:10.1057/978-1-137-48443-7 15144:10.1080/14623520500349977 15005:Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges 14869:Madley, Benjamin (2004). 14761:Ethnic and Racial Studies 14103:10.1080/02634938408400466 13816:Allworth, Edward (1998). 13758:; Cheung, Olivia (2024). 12944:Kuo, Lily (7 July 2020). 12594:Duna, William A. (1985). 11307:(in Slovak). 20 June 2023 10039:Duna, William A. (1985). 9770:se iméra ethnikís mnímis. 9745:. Routledge. p. 134. 7436:18 September 2012 at the 7063:ICTY; "Krstic judgement" 6931:10.1080/14623520802447834 6088:Kieser & Bloxham 2014 5457:10.1017/S0922156511000252 5378:. Routledge. p. 31. 4339:10.1515/9783110754513-006 4303:10.1080/13600820903432027 3741:Canada's House of Commons 3403:on the Holodomor include 2505:attributed responsibility 2358: 2354:Communist Party of Greece 2109:Foreign Office secretary 1814:resulted in a "genocidal 1644:On 12 December 2015, the 1158:United Nations convention 820:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 650:On 28 February 2013, the 397: 269: 16509:Christians in Diyarbekir 15631:New York Review of Books 14799: 14550:New York Review of Books 14521:(1st ed.). Boston: 14396:Indiana University Press 14394:(illustrated ed.). 14323:Fisher, Alan W. (2014). 14070:Broome, Richard (2019). 14055:. Melbourne: Black Inc. 13977:Besemeres, John (2016). 12735:Fiskejö, Magnus (2020). 11487: 10516:The New Voice of Ukraine 10069: 9813: 9772: 9759: 9726:. London. Archived from 9694: 9647:(in Greek). 16 July 2022 9621: 6740:, pp. xvii, 2, 20; 5934:Nanavati (1 June 2010). 5840:Pillalamarri, Akhilesh. 5238:Smith, Roger W. (2015). 3975: 3931:Holocaust trivialization 3855:Armenian genocide denial 3664:a complaint with the ICC 3407:, Argentina, Australia, 3304:House of Representatives 3026:, still needed from the 2547:to the existence of the 2099:: On 20 April 2016, the 1405:Hague Convention of 1907 1247:Army of Republika Srpska 1080:The near-destruction of 1062:) between 1998 and 2003. 922:Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja 920:and political scientist 807:On 15 January 2017, the 775:Indian National Congress 721:Most historians outside 652:British House of Commons 182:Compulsory sterilization 17447:Politics of recognition 16002:Destruction of Carthage 15547:Uehling, Greta (2015). 15182:Shipway, Jesse (2017). 15034:Özçelik, Sezai (2020). 14836:"The American Genocide" 14752:Koinova, Maria (2019). 14021:Blank, Stephen (2015). 13983:. Canberra: ANU Press. 13764:Oxford University Press 12747:(2): 28–43 – via 12689:"Roma in the Holocaust" 12606:University of Minnesota 12136:: 994–995. 19 June 2003 10051:University of Minnesota 9760:Καταστροφή ή Γενοκτονία 9096:. European Parliament. 7823:Tatz & Higgins 2016 7707:Oxford University Press 7346:San Francisco Chronicle 7070:18 October 2012 at the 5157:10.4324/9780203786994-3 3772:of genocidal conduct". 3730:Linda Thomas-Greenfield 3702:Chinese Communist Party 3700:was persuaded that the 3624:In June 2020, after an 3411:, Azerbaijan, Belgium, 2513:Holocaust memorial days 1654:Parliament of Lithuania 1321:crimes against humanity 1235:crimes against humanity 1229:" refers to either the 1221:Bosnian genocide denial 583:, who coined the word " 550:Pacification of Algeria 17898:South Africa v. Israel 17866:Rohingya genocide case 17403:Names of the Holocaust 16867:Chittagong Hill Tracts 16575:Kinder der Landstrasse 16461:Late Ottoman genocides 15743:10.1080/14623520305651 15480:Ther, Philipp (2014). 14938:Milton, Sybil (1992). 14695:: Volume 1: Global War 14294:Ewans, Martin (2017). 14256:World Without Genocide 14164:University of Tasmania 12179:Ukrainian News Service 11999:Journals of the Senate 11667:chechen-government.com 11558:United States Congress 11526:United States Congress 9291:assemblee-nationale.fr 9257:assemblee-nationale.fr 6898:, pp. 15, 78, 85. 6479:"The hidden holocaust" 3970:Rohingya genocide case 3917:Historical revisionism 3912:Historical negationism 3783:crime against humanity 3775:On February 13, 2021, 3585: 3540: 3501: 2738:United States Congress 2573: 2352:In the late 2000s the 2294: 2242:: On 6 July 2021, the 2130:Michelle Rempel Garner 1960: 1865: 1840:historical revisionism 1639:Crimean Tatar language 1629:Marie Bennigsen-Broxup 1595: 1569: 1515: 1442: 1307:, was found guilty of 1282:United States Congress 1243:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1210: 1206:Memorial stone at the 989: 940: 881: 692: 618: 17956:Responses to genocide 17763:Bosnian genocide case 17417:Holocaust terminology 17060:Christians under ISIS 16798:1966 anti-Igbo pogrom 16227:1740 Batavia massacre 16051:Harrying of the North 15901:Beachler, D. (2011). 15463:10.1017/9781108765480 15395:. Santa Barbara, CA: 14413:Gaunt, David (2015). 13924:10.1017/9781108765480 8601:www.lowyinstitute.org 7530:. February 27, 2004. 6394:Nzongola-Ntalaja 2007 5276:Patterns of Prejudice 5199:10.1086/ahr.114.4.930 4981:Kiernan, Ben (2007). 4330:De Gruyter Oldenbourg 3754:In January 2021, the 3684:In October 2020, the 3633:National Public Radio 3577: 3530: 3496: 2571: 2517:memorials and museums 2497:names and definitions 2457:Further information: 2346:left-wing nationalist 2341:Nikos Konstantopoulos 2288: 1978:Australian parliament 1951: 1863: 1585: 1567: 1511: 1459:U.N. General Assembly 1440: 1409:UN Convention of 1948 1387:Parliament of Georgia 1213:Further information: 1205: 979: 956:, "It would be absurd 932: 914:Rhoda Howard-Hassmann 869: 682: 607: 372:David Bruce MacDonald 334:David Bruce MacDonald 17914:Nicaragua v. Germany 17813:Khmer Rouge Tribunal 17189:Utilitarian genocide 17168:Transgender genocide 16535:Osage Indian murders 16235:Great Gypsy Round-up 15798:Williams, Brian Glyn 15575:Van Reybrouck, David 15457:. pp. 481–507. 15445:; Madley, Benjamin; 15100:Tasmanian Aborigines 14977:. Princeton, N. J.: 14811:Lawson, Tom (2014). 14701:. pp. 585–614. 14634:(revised ed.). 14398:. pp. 317–333. 14360:Central Asian Survey 14228:. pp. 121–122. 14091:Central Asian Survey 13942:Bennigsen, Alexandre 13906:; Madley, Benjamin; 13404:. 13 February 2021. 13111:"Annual Report 2020" 12774:Newcastle University 12573:. pp. 265–266. 12475:. pp. 171–177. 12181:. 24 December 2007. 12160:3 March 2016 at the 12024:The Ukrainian Weekly 12008:on 29 December 2004. 11976:. 28 December 2007. 11906:on 28 September 2023 11090:The Kyiv Independent 10987:The Kyiv Independent 10844:The Kyiv Independent 10681:The Kyiv Independent 10387:(24 November 2022). 10385:The Kyiv Independent 10321:on 25 November 2005. 10003:Hazara International 9767:(in Greek) (38–39). 9716:(13 February 2001). 9702:on 24 February 2016. 9629:on 25 February 2016. 9361:. 21 November 2018. 8442:10.1038/news050221-1 8338:on 14 September 2024 8247:on 13 September 2024 8180:The Kyiv Independent 8107:"Borys Wrzesnewskyj" 7749:on December 14, 2013 6838:, pp. 264, 296. 6736:, p. xix, 215; 5965:BSSF (1 June 2010). 5710:on 27 December 2023. 5435:Öktem, Emre (2011). 5136:Academic consensus: 4332:. pp. 125–153. 4058:National recognition 3907:Genocides in history 3764:Essex Court Chambers 3439:, Georgia, Hungary, 3431:, Ecuador, Estonia, 2742:United States Senate 2582:Ukrainian parliament 2521:educational policies 2029:In August 2017, the 1870:Mesopotamian Marshes 1650:parliament of Latvia 1646:Ukrainian Parliament 1385:On 21 May 2011, the 1278:international courts 1169:Hutus against Tutsis 1041:King Leopold's Ghost 1016:Timothy J. Stapleton 753:, also known as the 751:1984 anti-Sikh riots 117:Recognition politics 62:Genocides in history 17300:Settler colonialism 17249:Forced assimilation 16955:Srebrenica massacre 16727:Chechens and Ingush 16485:Thracian Bulgarians 16331:Sand Creek massacre 16292:Siege of Tripolitsa 16043:Ancestral Puebloans 15880:10.3917/ri.173.0045 15624:(12 January 2006). 15169:on 12 December 2019 15074:An Indelible Stain? 15053:10.31454/usb.721939 14961:Century of Genocide 14953:Preview in ProQuest 14729:] (in German). 14279:. pp. 96–112. 14001:Citizenship Studies 13891:10.3138/gsi.10.2.04 13464:The Daily Telegraph 13192:Everington, Keoni. 12452:on 7 November 2012. 12364:on 19 February 2009 12207:on 19 February 2009 12093:(30 October 2003). 11843:(7 December 2018). 11720:on 19 February 2009 11597:on 24 December 2022 11533:on 12 December 2018 11466:on 11 November 2023 11278:on 16 December 2022 11171:on 21 December 2022 10934:on 30 November 2022 10876:Assemblée nationale 10797:on 25 November 2022 10435:on 25 November 2022 10258:Holodomor Education 9846:on 16 December 2019 9609:, pp. 266–267. 9552:. 19 January 2023. 9329:. 16 January 2018. 9297:. 8 December 2016. 9195:Scottish Parliament 9088:(4 February 2016). 9086:European Parliament 8938:10.1093/jicj/mqy002 8829:BBC Russian Service 8758:Begikhani, Nazand. 8277:on 7 September 2024 8196:, pp. 243–264. 7651:, pp. 121–122. 7495:www.diaspora.gov.ge 6985:, pp. 51, 205. 6911:(6 November 2008). 6826:, pp. 110–112. 6716:, pp. 481–484. 6524:, pp. 281–282. 6206:, pp. 202–203. 6063:The Hindustan Times 5940:Nanavati commission 5782:The Daily Telegraph 5732:on 5 December 2023. 5680:on 17 December 2011 5486:. 31 December 2005. 5178:Suny, Ronald Grigor 5060:on 30 November 2021 4573:on 23 February 2024 4566:The Global and Mail 4507:on 29 November 2023 4403:Horowitz, Irving L. 4252:Europe-Asia Studies 4032:European Parliament 3964:racism against them 3877:racism against them 3794:Genocide Convention 3690:human rights abuses 3637:Genocide Convention 3561:Jehovah's Witnesses 3459:, Mexico, Moldova, 3383:European Parliament 2477:primarily committed 2424:Austrian Parliament 2418:In April 2015, the 2412:In March 2015, the 2317:Georgios Daskalakis 2199:the Iraq parliament 2197:: On 1 March 2021, 2115:Scottish Parliament 2065:European Parliament 1986:Canadian parliament 1970:European Parliament 1828:Soviet assimilation 1812:Soviet deportations 1677:Date of recognition 1625:Alexandre Bennigsen 1507:European Parliament 1482:Brian Glyn Williams 1373:Circassian genocide 1335:California genocide 1289:Srebrenica massacre 1231:Srebrenica massacre 1129:History of Tasmania 1118:ethnically cleansed 982:Alice Seeley Harris 954:David Van Reybrouck 811:was inaugurated in 587:" in the 1940s and 428:Third Rutte cabinet 314:Srebrenica massacre 256:Genocide Convention 202:Forced assimilation 17779:Slobodan Milošević 17630:Erich von Manstein 17242:Extermination camp 17003:Effacer le tableau 16766:Hyderabadi Muslims 16711:Nanshitou Massacre 16695:Muslims and Croats 16397:Hamidian massacres 16284:Al-Jawazi massacre 16274:Stolen Generations 15977:list by death toll 15768:Palgrave Macmillan 15188:Palgrave Macmillan 14974:Stalin's Genocides 14688:Kieser, Hans-Lukas 14543:(6 October 2005). 14431:10.3138/gsi.9.1.05 14218:Courtois, Stephane 14112:Academic Questions 13918:. pp. 46–68. 13723:. pp. 75–94. 13384:. 8 February 2021. 13284:. 25 February 2021 12910:The New York Times 12695:(July–August 2011) 12668:(July–August 2011) 12267:on 2 November 2007 12107:on 27 October 2021 12071:on 27 October 2021 11841:UKR Mission to UN 11816:The New York Times 11695:. 18 October 2022. 11651:. 12 October 2023. 11038:. 24 November 2022 10883:on 29 January 2023 10714:on 3 February 2023 10548:The New York Times 10522:. 24 November 2022 9094:europarl.europa.eu 8739:on 28 October 2015 8238:Human Rights Watch 7374:The New York Times 7282:The New York Times 7204:The New York Times 7165:The New York Times 7131:on 7 January 2016. 6462:Van Reybrouck 2014 6413:The New York Times 6033:The Times of India 5821:on 30 October 2022 5648:on 19 January 2012 5483:The Times of India 5351:on 16 January 2021 5256:10.3138/gsi.9.1.01 4956:"Disowning Morris" 4806:on 15 January 2024 4471:on 5 November 2023 4409:(Third ed.). 4126:10.1093/hgs/dcz045 3958:– the belief that 3946:List of war crimes 3871:– the belief that 3805:The New York Times 3790:Newlines Institute 3749:non-binding motion 3734:genocide in Rwanda 3721:secretary of state 3607:Cornell University 3502: 3500:in Berlin, Germany 3344:, 15 December 2022 3254:, 28 November 2006 3198:, 24 November 2022 3114:, 24 November 2022 3100:, 19 February 2008 3072:, 24 November 2005 2994:, 26 November 2003 2980:, 30 November 2022 2966:, 20 December 2005 2882:, 21 December 2007 2812:, 16 December 2022 2574: 2386:On 11 March 2010, 2373:Republic of Cyprus 2359:Γενοκτονία Ποντίων 2312:Government Gazette 2295: 2218:Georges Dallemagne 1982:British Parliament 1961: 1866: 1596: 1588:projection mapping 1570: 1525:." Experts of the 1443: 1403:as defined in the 1392:Russo-Georgian War 1211: 1165:Nazis against Jews 990: 797:apologised in the 755:1984 Sikh Massacre 732:Three countries — 693: 593:Cambodian genocide 535:Warren Christopher 472:, and again DENK. 390:(committed by the 17928: 17927: 17924: 17923: 17831: 17830: 17712: 17711: 17558:Euthanasia trials 17478:Legal proceedings 17221:Cultural genocide 17147:Cultural genocide 17086: 17085: 17019:Masalit massacres 16982: 16981: 16883:Sri Lankan Tamils 16790:Arabs in Zanzibar 16745: 16744: 16663:Three Alls policy 16440: 16439: 16373:Putumayo genocide 16101: 16100: 15912:978-0-230-33763-3 15855:978-0-19-063346-2 15613:978-0-521-19421-1 15590:978-0-00-756290-9 15472:978-1-108-48643-9 15378:978-1-4632-3996-1 15371:. pp. 1–20. 15260:978-1-78533-326-2 15205:978-1-137-48443-7 15113:978-1-74237-068-2 15104:Allen & Unwin 15087:978-0-67091-220-9 15026:978-1-84277-053-5 14826:978-1-78076-626-3 14767:(11): 1890–1910. 14708:978-0-511-67566-9 14658:Kamusella, Tomasz 14532:978-0-618-00190-3 14461:978-1-78533-499-3 14454:. pp. 1–32. 14405:978-0-253-00631-8 14286:978-0-415-49597-4 14182:978-0-70225-006-4 14062:978-1-86395-491-4 14053:Van Diemen's Land 13933:978-1-108-48643-9 13793:Adhikari, Mohamed 13738:978-981-99-4216-9 13120:. 14 January 2021 13063:. 21 October 2020 13037:. 27 October 2020 12687:Rom-Rymer, Symi. 12580:978-0-521-00910-2 12549:978-3-631-63678-7 12482:978-1-902806-49-5 12095:"Resolution #680" 12091:Australian Senate 11746:. 4 December 2007 11565:on 29 August 2019 11501:on 4 October 2018 10290:Radio Free Europe 9428:. 21 April 2021. 9197:. 23 March 2017. 8899:. 3 August 2017. 8867:. 19 March 2015. 8835:. 19 March 2015. 8309:on 30 March 2024. 8208:, pp. 44–53. 7786:Radio Free Europe 7716:978-0-19-093467-5 7501:on 2 October 2017 7249:Los Angeles Times 7233:, (LXX) 11, 45-48 7035:978-0-415-36354-9 6961:, pp. 56–58. 6874:, pp. 52–54. 6581:, pp. 88–89. 6114:, pp. 94–95. 5936:"Nanavati Report" 5749:SAGE Publications 5638:978-0-9787073-0-9 5594:Riots and Pogroms 5421:978-0-8160-7310-8 5385:978-1-136-00736-1 5227:978-0-19-933420-9 5212:Göçek, Fatma Müge 5166:978-0-203-78699-4 5053:Leiden University 5027:on 7 January 2019 4925:978-0-8122-4864-7 4411:Transaction Books 4349:978-3-11-075451-3 4259:(10): 1685–1708. 4045:Council of Europe 3941:List of genocides 3922:Holocaust studies 3873:African Americans 3747:, each passing a 3641:British Hong Kong 3565:asocial detainees 3519:Thirty Years' War 3358:, 12 October 2023 3286:, 25 October 2023 3170:, 4 December 2006 3142:, 25 October 2007 2938:, 20 October 1993 2924:, 30 October 2007 2854:, 1 February 2023 2798:, 28 October 1993 2594:Council of Europe 2189:coalition parties 2149:National Assembly 2050:Council of Europe 1809: 1808: 1637:nationality. The 1604:cultural genocide 1583: 1325:life imprisonment 1249:(VRS) during the 1167:in World War II, 1123:As early as 1852 1058:(and the ensuing 907:intent to destroy 834:Armenian genocide 666:Armenian genocide 447:-dominated party 416:coalition parties 358:Claims Conference 326:Rohingya genocide 308:(1941-1945), the 300:(1915–1917), the 298:Armenian genocide 245: 244: 57:List of genocides 17968: 17961:Genocide studies 17951:Diaspora studies 17917: 17909: 17901: 17893: 17885: 17877: 17869: 17861: 17853: 17839: 17833: 17832: 17824: 17816: 17808: 17798: 17790: 17787:Radovan Karadžić 17782: 17774: 17766: 17758: 17750: 17747:Belgrade Process 17742: 17734: 17720: 17714: 17713: 17705: 17697: 17689: 17681: 17678:Treblinka trials 17673: 17665: 17657: 17649: 17641: 17633: 17625: 17617: 17609: 17601: 17593: 17585: 17577: 17569: 17561: 17553: 17545: 17537: 17529: 17521: 17518:Épuration légale 17513: 17505: 17491: 17488:Holocaust trials 17482: 17481: 17470: 17463: 17456: 17449: 17442: 17435: 17428: 17419: 17412: 17405: 17398: 17380: 17373: 17366: 17359: 17352: 17345: 17338: 17329: 17322: 17302: 17295: 17288: 17281: 17272: 17265: 17258: 17251: 17244: 17237: 17235:Ethnic cleansing 17230: 17223: 17205: 17198: 17191: 17184: 17177: 17170: 17163: 17156: 17149: 17142: 17131: 17124: 17117: 17108: 17101: 17079: 17071: 17063: 17055: 17052:Shias under ISIS 17047: 17039: 17031: 17021: 17014: 17006: 16992: 16984: 16983: 16975: 16967: 16957: 16950: 16942: 16934: 16926: 16918: 16910: 16902: 16894: 16886: 16878: 16870: 16862: 16854: 16844: 16837: 16830: 16825: 16817: 16809: 16801: 16793: 16785: 16777: 16769: 16755: 16747: 16746: 16738: 16730: 16722: 16714: 16706: 16698: 16690: 16687:Serbs in Croatia 16682: 16674: 16666: 16658: 16650: 16647:Nanjing Massacre 16642: 16639:Parsley massacre 16634: 16631:Polish Operation 16626: 16623:Romani Holocaust 16618: 16610: 16602: 16594: 16586: 16578: 16570: 16567:Napalpí massacre 16562: 16554: 16546: 16538: 16530: 16520: 16512: 16504: 16496: 16488: 16478: 16471: 16463: 16450: 16442: 16441: 16431: 16423: 16416: 16408: 16400: 16392: 16384: 16376: 16368: 16360: 16352: 16344: 16334: 16326: 16318: 16310: 16302: 16295: 16287: 16277: 16269: 16261: 16254: 16246: 16238: 16230: 16220: 16212: 16204: 16197: 16189: 16181: 16173: 16165: 16157: 16149: 16141: 16133: 16125: 16111: 16103: 16102: 16094: 16086: 16078: 16070: 16062: 16059:Mongol conquests 16054: 16046: 16038: 16028: 16021: 16013: 16005: 15991: 15983: 15982: 15957: 15950: 15943: 15934: 15933: 15929: 15916: 15883: 15859: 15833: 15793: 15765: 15754: 15723: 15684: 15666: 15639: 15622:Vellut, Jean-Luc 15617: 15594: 15570: 15568: 15543: 15513: 15476: 15430: 15382: 15359: 15342:(2–3): 243–264. 15328: 15299: 15264: 15238: 15209: 15178: 15176: 15174: 15168: 15162:. Archived from 15127: 15117: 15091: 15065: 15055: 15030: 15014: 15000: 14964: 14951: 14934: 14913:Key Porter Books 14900: 14865: 14830: 14807: 14791: 14789: 14787: 14781: 14758: 14748: 14712: 14683: 14653: 14621: 14593: 14582: 14558: 14541:Hochschild, Adam 14536: 14523:Houghton Mifflin 14520: 14511:Hochschild, Adam 14506: 14477: 14474:Second World War 14465: 14442: 14409: 14383: 14354: 14319: 14290: 14267: 14265: 14263: 14247: 14213: 14186: 14167: 14161: 14149: 14143: 14135: 14106: 14085: 14066: 14044: 14042: 14017: 14008:(3–4): 367–379. 13994: 13973: 13937: 13894: 13873: 13851: 13823: 13812: 13795:(25 July 2022). 13778: 13777: 13752: 13743: 13742: 13709: 13700: 13699: 13697: 13695: 13679: 13673: 13672: 13670: 13668: 13654: 13648: 13647: 13645: 13643: 13628: 13622: 13621: 13619: 13617: 13611: 13605:. 28 June 2021. 13600: 13592: 13586: 13585: 13573: 13567: 13566: 13555: 13549: 13548: 13537: 13528: 13527: 13526:. 10 March 2021. 13514: 13508: 13507: 13506:. 10 March 2021. 13496: 13490: 13489: 13475: 13469: 13468: 13454: 13445: 13444: 13427: 13421: 13420: 13418: 13416: 13392: 13386: 13385: 13374: 13368: 13367: 13365: 13363: 13348: 13342: 13341: 13328: 13322: 13321: 13319: 13317: 13300: 13294: 13293: 13291: 13289: 13272: 13266: 13265: 13259: 13257: 13245: 13239: 13238: 13236: 13234: 13217: 13211: 13210: 13208: 13206: 13189: 13183: 13182: 13180: 13178: 13164:Borger, Julian. 13161: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13150: 13136: 13130: 13129: 13127: 13125: 13115: 13107: 13101: 13100: 13098: 13096: 13079: 13073: 13072: 13070: 13068: 13053: 13047: 13046: 13044: 13042: 13027: 13021: 13020: 13018: 13016: 13001: 12995: 12994: 12982: 12976: 12975: 12973: 12971: 12941: 12935: 12934: 12932: 12930: 12900: 12894: 12893: 12891: 12889: 12867: 12858: 12857: 12855: 12853: 12846:Associated Press 12838: 12832: 12831: 12829: 12827: 12808: 12802: 12801: 12759: 12753: 12752: 12732: 12726: 12725: 12721:Inside Higher Ed 12711: 12705: 12704: 12702: 12700: 12684: 12678: 12677: 12675: 12673: 12662:"Invisible Roma" 12657: 12648: 12647: 12641: 12632: 12626: 12616: 12610: 12609: 12591: 12585: 12584: 12560: 12554: 12553: 12531: 12525: 12517: 12511: 12505: 12499: 12493: 12487: 12486: 12460: 12454: 12453: 12451: 12444: 12436: 12430: 12429: 12427: 12425: 12410: 12404: 12403: 12401: 12399: 12394:on 7 August 2011 12380: 12374: 12373: 12371: 12369: 12354: 12348: 12347: 12345: 12343: 12333: 12324: 12318: 12317: 12305: 12299: 12298: 12283: 12277: 12276: 12274: 12272: 12253: 12247: 12246: 12244: 12242: 12232: 12223: 12217: 12216: 12214: 12212: 12193: 12187: 12186: 12171: 12165: 12152: 12146: 12145: 12143: 12141: 12131: 12123: 12117: 12116: 12114: 12112: 12106: 12100:. Archived from 12099: 12087: 12081: 12080: 12078: 12076: 12070: 12064:. Archived from 12059: 12050: 12044: 12043: 12041: 12039: 12016: 12010: 12009: 12007: 11996: 11988: 11982: 11981: 11966: 11960: 11959: 11957: 11955: 11936: 11930: 11929: 11922: 11916: 11915: 11913: 11911: 11892: 11886: 11885: 11883: 11881: 11871: 11865: 11864: 11858: 11856: 11837: 11831: 11830: 11825: 11823: 11806: 11800: 11799: 11797: 11795: 11784: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11773: 11762: 11756: 11755: 11753: 11751: 11736: 11730: 11729: 11727: 11725: 11719: 11703: 11697: 11696: 11685: 11679: 11678: 11676: 11674: 11659: 11653: 11652: 11649:Ukrainska Pravda 11641: 11635: 11634: 11632: 11630: 11613: 11607: 11606: 11604: 11602: 11593:. Archived from 11581: 11575: 11574: 11572: 11570: 11549: 11543: 11542: 11540: 11538: 11529:. Archived from 11517: 11511: 11510: 11508: 11506: 11494:Ukrainian Pravda 11482: 11476: 11475: 11473: 11471: 11462:. Archived from 11450: 11444: 11443: 11441: 11439: 11430:. Archived from 11418: 11412: 11411: 11409: 11407: 11388: 11382: 11381: 11379: 11377: 11368:. Archived from 11355: 11349: 11348: 11346: 11344: 11332:Ukrainska Pravda 11323: 11317: 11316: 11314: 11312: 11294: 11288: 11287: 11285: 11283: 11268: 11262: 11261: 11259: 11257: 11242: 11236: 11235: 11233: 11231: 11222:. Archived from 11211: 11205: 11204: 11196:Ukrainska Pravda 11187: 11181: 11180: 11178: 11176: 11161: 11155: 11154: 11153:on 14 July 2023. 11147:Ukrainska Pravda 11133: 11127: 11126: 11125:on 15 June 2023. 11109: 11103: 11102: 11100: 11098: 11081: 11075: 11074: 11072: 11070: 11054: 11048: 11047: 11045: 11043: 11032: 11026: 11025: 11023: 11021: 11006: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10995: 10978: 10972: 10971: 10969: 10967: 10950: 10944: 10943: 10941: 10939: 10923: 10917: 10916: 10899: 10893: 10892: 10890: 10888: 10867: 10861: 10860: 10858: 10856: 10851:on 29 March 2023 10835: 10829: 10828: 10826: 10824: 10813: 10807: 10806: 10804: 10802: 10793:. Archived from 10787: 10781: 10780: 10775:. Archived from 10762: 10756: 10755: 10753: 10751: 10739:Kyiv Independent 10730: 10724: 10723: 10721: 10719: 10704: 10698: 10697: 10695: 10693: 10672: 10666: 10665: 10663: 10661: 10640: 10634: 10633: 10631: 10629: 10620:. Archived from 10614: 10608: 10607: 10605: 10603: 10598:on 10 March 2023 10594:. Archived from 10588: 10582: 10581: 10574: 10568: 10567: 10565: 10563: 10538: 10532: 10531: 10529: 10527: 10508: 10502: 10501: 10483: 10477: 10476: 10474: 10472: 10451: 10445: 10444: 10442: 10440: 10431:. Archived from 10418: 10412: 10411: 10409: 10407: 10398:. Archived from 10395:Kyiv Independent 10381: 10375: 10374: 10372: 10370: 10351: 10345: 10344: 10343:on 15 June 2008. 10339:. Archived from 10329: 10323: 10322: 10308: 10302: 10301: 10299: 10297: 10280: 10274: 10273: 10271: 10269: 10250: 10215: 10214: 10213:on 30 June 2007. 10203: 10197: 10196: 10194: 10192: 10173: 10167: 10166: 10164: 10162: 10153:. Archived from 10151:Holodomor Museum 10142: 10136: 10135: 10121: 10097: 10091: 10090: 10088: 10086: 10064: 10055: 10054: 10036: 10030: 10020: 10014: 10013: 10011: 10009: 9994: 9988: 9987: 9980: 9974: 9973: 9966: 9960: 9959: 9958:. 23 March 2015. 9948: 9942: 9941: 9939: 9937: 9923: 9917: 9916: 9914: 9912: 9889: 9883: 9882: 9881: 9879: 9862: 9856: 9855: 9853: 9851: 9836: 9830: 9829: 9827: 9825: 9807: 9801: 9795: 9789: 9783: 9777: 9776: 9753: 9747: 9746: 9738: 9732: 9731: 9710: 9704: 9703: 9689: 9683: 9682: 9680: 9678: 9663: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9652: 9637: 9631: 9630: 9616: 9610: 9607:Kostópoulos 2007 9604: 9598: 9597: 9595: 9593: 9572: 9566: 9565: 9563: 9561: 9540: 9534: 9533: 9531: 9529: 9507: 9501: 9500: 9498: 9496: 9481: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9470: 9448: 9442: 9441: 9439: 9437: 9414: 9408: 9407: 9405: 9403: 9381: 9375: 9374: 9372: 9370: 9349: 9343: 9342: 9340: 9338: 9317: 9311: 9310: 9308: 9306: 9283: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9272: 9248: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9237: 9217: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9206: 9183: 9177: 9176: 9174: 9172: 9153: 9147: 9146: 9144: 9142: 9136: 9125: 9116: 9110: 9109: 9107: 9105: 9082: 9073: 9072: 9070: 9068: 9057:assembly.coe.int 9048: 9042: 9041: 9039: 9037: 9015: 9009: 9008: 9006: 9004: 8985: 8979: 8978: 8976: 8974: 8951: 8942: 8941: 8919: 8913: 8912: 8910: 8908: 8887: 8881: 8880: 8878: 8876: 8855: 8849: 8848: 8846: 8844: 8821: 8815: 8814: 8812: 8810: 8788: 8782: 8781: 8779: 8777: 8755: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8744: 8735:. Archived from 8729: 8723: 8722: 8720: 8718: 8698: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8684: 8662: 8653: 8652: 8650: 8648: 8626: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8612: 8593: 8587: 8586: 8584: 8582: 8563: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8552: 8530: 8519: 8518: 8516: 8514: 8493: 8487: 8486: 8484: 8482: 8461: 8455: 8454: 8444: 8422: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8391: 8385: 8384: 8354: 8348: 8347: 8345: 8343: 8337: 8331:. Archived from 8326: 8317: 8311: 8310: 8293: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8271:ICE Case Studies 8263: 8257: 8256: 8254: 8252: 8246: 8235: 8227: 8221: 8215: 8209: 8203: 8197: 8191: 8185: 8184: 8170: 8164: 8163: 8152: 8146: 8140: 8134: 8133: 8126: 8117: 8116: 8103: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8089: 8081:The Baltic Times 8072: 8063: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8041: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8027: 8012: 8003: 7998: 7989: 7983: 7977: 7976:, p. 28–29. 7971: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7943: 7937: 7931: 7925: 7919: 7913: 7907: 7901: 7895: 7889: 7883: 7877: 7871: 7865: 7859: 7853: 7847: 7838: 7832: 7826: 7820: 7814: 7808: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7777: 7771: 7765: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7735: 7729: 7728: 7696: 7690: 7689: 7687: 7685: 7670: 7664: 7658: 7652: 7646: 7640: 7634: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7610: 7604: 7598: 7592: 7586: 7580: 7574: 7568: 7562: 7556: 7550: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7520: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7497:. Archived from 7487: 7481: 7480: 7469: 7463: 7453: 7447: 7429: 7423: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7397: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7381:on 14 March 2017 7377:. Archived from 7364: 7355: 7354: 7336: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7325: 7305: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7294: 7272: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7252:. 18 June 2019. 7240: 7234: 7227: 7221: 7220: 7218: 7216: 7194: 7188: 7182: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7156: 7150: 7138: 7132: 7116: 7110: 7098: 7092: 7080: 7074: 7061: 7055: 7049: 7043: 7042: 7013: 7007: 7004: 6998: 6992: 6986: 6980: 6974: 6968: 6962: 6956: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6905: 6899: 6893: 6887: 6881: 6875: 6869: 6863: 6857: 6851: 6845: 6839: 6833: 6827: 6821: 6812: 6806: 6797: 6791: 6785: 6779: 6773: 6767: 6761: 6744:, p. xxix; 6723: 6717: 6711: 6705: 6699: 6693: 6687: 6681: 6675: 6669: 6668: 6643: 6637: 6631: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6600: 6594: 6588: 6582: 6576: 6567: 6564:Vanthemsche 2012 6561: 6552: 6546: 6537: 6531: 6525: 6519: 6513: 6507: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6496: 6474: 6465: 6459: 6450: 6444: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6433: 6403: 6397: 6391: 6385: 6379: 6373: 6367: 6354: 6348: 6342: 6336: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6303: 6297: 6291: 6282: 6276: 6270: 6264: 6258: 6252: 6246: 6240: 6231: 6225: 6219: 6213: 6207: 6201: 6195: 6189: 6183: 6177: 6171: 6165: 6159: 6149: 6143: 6137: 6131: 6121: 6115: 6109: 6103: 6097: 6091: 6085: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6074: 6065:. 10 July 2018. 6055: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6024: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6013: 6004:. Archived from 5993: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5977:on 25 April 2012 5973:. Archived from 5962: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5951: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5900: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5870: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5854:on 18 April 2024 5850:. Archived from 5837: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5817:. Archived from 5805: 5799: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5789:on 15 April 2024 5785:. Archived from 5772: 5766: 5765: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5728:. Archived from 5718: 5712: 5711: 5706:. Archived from 5696: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5679: 5673:. Archived from 5672: 5664: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5647: 5641:. Archived from 5630: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5543: 5521: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5493: 5487: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5432: 5426: 5425: 5409: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5369: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5334: 5302: 5270: 5234: 5207: 5201: 5173: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5106: 5100: 5099: 5093: 5091: 5076: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5056:. Archived from 5043: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5023:. Archived from 5017: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5006: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4939: 4937: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4838: 4829: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4802:. Archived from 4789: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4759: 4753: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4743:on 16 April 2023 4726: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4710:on 16 April 2023 4694: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4674: 4663: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4638:on 16 April 2023 4622: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4602:. Archived from 4589: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4569:. Archived from 4556: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4540:on 28 March 2023 4536:. Archived from 4523: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4503:. Archived from 4490: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4467:. Archived from 4454: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4434:. Archived from 4431:The Conversation 4421: 4415: 4414: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4382: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4341: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4246: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4217: 4189: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4107: 4090: 4083: 4070: 4067: 4061: 4054: 4048: 4041: 4035: 4028: 4022: 4015: 4009: 4002: 3993: 3986: 3960:Native Americans 3926:genocide studies 3769:stress positions 3745:Dutch parliament 3626:Associated Press 3612:Inside Higher Ed 3393:(OSCE), and the 3368: 3366: 3365: 3354: 3352: 3351: 3340: 3338: 3337: 3320: 3318: 3317: 3298: 3296: 3295: 3282: 3280: 3279: 3270:House of Commons 3264: 3262: 3261: 3250: 3248: 3247: 3236: 3234: 3233: 3222: 3220: 3219: 3208: 3206: 3205: 3194: 3192: 3191: 3180: 3178: 3177: 3166: 3164: 3163: 3152: 3150: 3149: 3138: 3136: 3135: 3124: 3122: 3121: 3110: 3108: 3107: 3096: 3094: 3093: 3082: 3080: 3079: 3068: 3066: 3065: 3054: 3052: 3051: 3040: 3038: 3037: 3018: 3016: 3015: 3004: 3002: 3001: 2990: 2988: 2987: 2976: 2974: 2973: 2962: 2960: 2959: 2948: 2946: 2945: 2934: 2932: 2931: 2920: 2918: 2917: 2906: 2904: 2903: 2892: 2890: 2889: 2878: 2876: 2875: 2864: 2862: 2861: 2850: 2848: 2847: 2836: 2834: 2833: 2822: 2820: 2819: 2808: 2806: 2805: 2794: 2792: 2791: 2529:Holocaust denial 2485:other minorities 2463:Holocaust denial 2361: 2360: 2307:Greek Parliament 1994:Nazand Begikhani 1918:ethnic cleansing 1872:were drained in 1803: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1778: 1770: 1768: 1767: 1753: 1745: 1743: 1742: 1728: 1720: 1718: 1717: 1703: 1702:12 December 2015 1695: 1693: 1692: 1668: 1667: 1634:Tomasz Kamusella 1617:Pyotr Grigorenko 1584: 1535:Chechen diaspora 1305:Radovan Karadžić 1301:Republika Srpska 1280:). In 2005, the 1239:ethnic cleansing 1227:Bosnian genocide 1215:Bosnian genocide 1198:Bosnian genocide 1094:Mohamed Adhikari 1060:Second Congo War 1056:Rwandan genocide 1051: 1046:Congo: A History 963: 959: 948: 937: 889: 878: 874: 616: 354:Wiedergutmachung 310:Rwandan genocide 237: 230: 223: 192:Ethnic cleansing 67:Effects on youth 44: 34: 18: 17: 17976: 17975: 17971: 17970: 17969: 17967: 17966: 17965: 17931: 17930: 17929: 17920: 17912: 17904: 17896: 17888: 17880: 17874:Uyghur Tribunal 17872: 17864: 17856: 17848: 17840: 17837: 17827: 17819: 17811: 17803: 17793: 17785: 17777: 17769: 17761: 17753: 17745: 17737: 17729: 17721: 17718: 17708: 17700: 17694:Fedorenko trial 17692: 17684: 17676: 17668: 17660: 17652: 17644: 17636: 17628: 17620: 17612: 17604: 17596: 17590:Stutthof trials 17588: 17580: 17572: 17566:Nuremberg trial 17564: 17556: 17548: 17540: 17532: 17526:Majdanek trials 17524: 17516: 17508: 17502:Krasnodar trial 17500: 17492: 17486: 17473: 17466: 17459: 17452: 17445: 17438: 17431: 17424: 17415: 17408: 17401: 17394: 17383: 17376: 17369: 17362: 17355: 17348: 17341: 17334: 17325: 17318: 17305: 17298: 17291: 17284: 17277: 17268: 17261: 17254: 17247: 17240: 17233: 17226: 17219: 17208: 17201: 17194: 17187: 17180: 17173: 17166: 17159: 17152: 17145: 17138: 17127: 17120: 17113: 17104: 17097: 17082: 17074: 17066: 17058: 17050: 17042: 17034: 17028:Southern Kaduna 17026: 17017: 17009: 17001: 16993: 16988: 16978: 16970: 16962: 16953: 16945: 16937: 16929: 16921: 16913: 16905: 16897: 16889: 16881: 16873: 16865: 16857: 16849: 16840: 16833: 16828: 16820: 16812: 16804: 16796: 16788: 16780: 16772: 16764: 16756: 16751: 16741: 16733: 16725: 16717: 16709: 16701: 16693: 16685: 16677: 16669: 16661: 16653: 16645: 16637: 16629: 16621: 16615:Simele massacre 16613: 16605: 16597: 16589: 16581: 16573: 16565: 16557: 16549: 16541: 16533: 16525: 16515: 16507: 16499: 16491: 16483: 16474: 16466: 16459: 16451: 16446: 16436: 16426: 16419: 16411: 16405:Herero and Nama 16403: 16395: 16387: 16379: 16371: 16363: 16355: 16347: 16339: 16329: 16321: 16313: 16305: 16298: 16290: 16282: 16272: 16264: 16257: 16249: 16241: 16233: 16225: 16215: 16207: 16200: 16192: 16184: 16176: 16168: 16160: 16152: 16144: 16136: 16128: 16120: 16112: 16107: 16097: 16089: 16081: 16073: 16065: 16057: 16049: 16041: 16033: 16024: 16016: 16010:Asiatic Vespers 16008: 16000: 15992: 15987: 15974: 15966: 15961: 15913: 15897: 15891: 15889:Further reading 15886: 15856: 15818: 15782: 15704:10.2307/2696980 15614: 15591: 15532: 15518:Tishkov, Valery 15498: 15490:. p. 118. 15473: 15407: 15379: 15321: 15261: 15231: 15206: 15172: 15170: 15166: 15125: 15114: 15088: 15070:Reynolds, Henry 15027: 14989: 14969:Naimark, Norman 14923: 14915:. p. 277. 14854: 14827: 14801: 14785: 14783: 14779: 14756: 14741: 14709: 14672: 14646: 14638:. p. 203. 14610: 14579: 14571:. London: Pan. 14568:The Fatal Shore 14533: 14470:Gilbert, Martin 14462: 14406: 14335: 14312: 14287: 14261: 14259: 14236: 14202: 14183: 14159: 14137: 14136: 14082: 14063: 13991: 13962: 13934: 13870: 13856:Ascherson, Neal 13832: 13809: 13787: 13782: 13781: 13774: 13753: 13746: 13739: 13710: 13703: 13693: 13691: 13688:Radio Free Asia 13681: 13680: 13676: 13666: 13664: 13656: 13655: 13651: 13641: 13639: 13630: 13629: 13625: 13615: 13613: 13609: 13598: 13594: 13593: 13589: 13574: 13570: 13565:. 9 March 2021. 13563:Hindustan Times 13557: 13556: 13552: 13539: 13538: 13531: 13516: 13515: 13511: 13498: 13497: 13493: 13476: 13472: 13455: 13448: 13428: 13424: 13414: 13412: 13394: 13393: 13389: 13382:The Independent 13376: 13375: 13371: 13361: 13359: 13349: 13345: 13330: 13329: 13325: 13315: 13313: 13301: 13297: 13287: 13285: 13274: 13273: 13269: 13255: 13253: 13246: 13242: 13232: 13230: 13218: 13214: 13204: 13202: 13190: 13186: 13176: 13174: 13162: 13158: 13148: 13146: 13138: 13137: 13133: 13123: 13121: 13113: 13109: 13108: 13104: 13094: 13092: 13080: 13076: 13066: 13064: 13055: 13054: 13050: 13040: 13038: 13029: 13028: 13024: 13014: 13012: 13002: 12998: 12983: 12979: 12969: 12967: 12942: 12938: 12928: 12926: 12901: 12897: 12887: 12885: 12868: 12861: 12851: 12849: 12840: 12839: 12835: 12825: 12823: 12818:. 4 July 2020. 12810: 12809: 12805: 12760: 12756: 12733: 12729: 12712: 12708: 12698: 12696: 12693:Moment Magazine 12685: 12681: 12671: 12669: 12666:Moment Magazine 12658: 12651: 12639: 12634: 12633: 12629: 12617: 12613: 12592: 12588: 12581: 12561: 12557: 12550: 12532: 12528: 12518: 12514: 12506: 12502: 12494: 12490: 12483: 12461: 12457: 12449: 12442: 12438: 12437: 12433: 12423: 12421: 12412: 12411: 12407: 12397: 12395: 12382: 12381: 12377: 12367: 12365: 12356: 12355: 12351: 12341: 12339: 12331: 12326: 12325: 12321: 12306: 12302: 12285: 12284: 12280: 12270: 12268: 12255: 12254: 12250: 12240: 12238: 12230: 12225: 12224: 12220: 12210: 12208: 12195: 12194: 12190: 12173: 12172: 12168: 12162:Wayback Machine 12153: 12149: 12139: 12137: 12129: 12125: 12124: 12120: 12110: 12108: 12104: 12097: 12088: 12084: 12074: 12072: 12068: 12057: 12051: 12047: 12037: 12035: 12034:on 3 March 2016 12018: 12017: 12013: 12005: 11994: 11990: 11989: 11985: 11968: 11967: 11963: 11953: 11951: 11938: 11937: 11933: 11924: 11923: 11919: 11909: 11907: 11894: 11893: 11889: 11879: 11877: 11873: 11872: 11868: 11854: 11852: 11838: 11834: 11821: 11819: 11807: 11803: 11793: 11791: 11786: 11785: 11781: 11771: 11769: 11764: 11763: 11759: 11749: 11747: 11738: 11737: 11733: 11723: 11721: 11717: 11705: 11704: 11700: 11687: 11686: 11682: 11672: 11670: 11661: 11660: 11656: 11643: 11642: 11638: 11628: 11626: 11614: 11610: 11600: 11598: 11583: 11582: 11578: 11568: 11566: 11551: 11550: 11546: 11536: 11534: 11519: 11518: 11514: 11504: 11502: 11489: 11484: 11483: 11479: 11469: 11467: 11459:European Pravda 11452: 11451: 11447: 11437: 11435: 11420: 11419: 11415: 11405: 11403: 11390: 11389: 11385: 11375: 11373: 11356: 11352: 11342: 11340: 11339:on 29 June 2023 11325: 11324: 11320: 11310: 11308: 11296: 11295: 11291: 11281: 11279: 11270: 11269: 11265: 11255: 11253: 11252:on 1 April 2021 11244: 11243: 11239: 11229: 11227: 11212: 11208: 11203:on 7 July 2023. 11189: 11188: 11184: 11174: 11172: 11163: 11162: 11158: 11135: 11134: 11130: 11111: 11110: 11106: 11096: 11094: 11083: 11082: 11078: 11068: 11066: 11056: 11055: 11051: 11041: 11039: 11034: 11033: 11029: 11019: 11017: 11008: 11007: 11003: 10993: 10991: 10990:. 23 March 2023 10980: 10979: 10975: 10965: 10963: 10952: 10951: 10947: 10937: 10935: 10924: 10920: 10915:on 21 May 2023. 10901: 10900: 10896: 10886: 10884: 10869: 10868: 10864: 10854: 10852: 10837: 10836: 10832: 10822: 10820: 10815: 10814: 10810: 10800: 10798: 10789: 10788: 10784: 10779:on 1 July 2023. 10772:Dubrovnik Times 10763: 10759: 10749: 10747: 10746:on 30 June 2023 10732: 10731: 10727: 10717: 10715: 10706: 10705: 10701: 10691: 10689: 10674: 10673: 10669: 10659: 10657: 10642: 10641: 10637: 10627: 10625: 10616: 10615: 10611: 10601: 10599: 10590: 10589: 10585: 10576: 10575: 10571: 10561: 10559: 10539: 10535: 10525: 10523: 10510: 10509: 10505: 10500:on 30 May 2024. 10484: 10480: 10470: 10468: 10453: 10452: 10448: 10438: 10436: 10420: 10419: 10415: 10405: 10403: 10382: 10378: 10368: 10366: 10352: 10348: 10330: 10326: 10310: 10309: 10305: 10295: 10293: 10281: 10277: 10267: 10265: 10252: 10251: 10218: 10205: 10204: 10200: 10190: 10188: 10175: 10174: 10170: 10160: 10158: 10143: 10139: 10119:10.21226/T2301N 10098: 10094: 10084: 10082: 10071: 10066: 10065: 10058: 10037: 10033: 10021: 10017: 10007: 10005: 9995: 9991: 9982: 9981: 9977: 9968: 9967: 9963: 9950: 9949: 9945: 9935: 9933: 9931:PanARMENIAN.Net 9925: 9924: 9920: 9910: 9908: 9891: 9890: 9886: 9877: 9875: 9874:on 29 June 2008 9864: 9863: 9859: 9849: 9847: 9838: 9837: 9833: 9823: 9821: 9815: 9808: 9804: 9796: 9792: 9784: 9780: 9774: 9761: 9754: 9750: 9739: 9735: 9730:on 1 July 2008. 9723:The Independent 9711: 9707: 9696: 9691: 9690: 9686: 9676: 9674: 9664: 9660: 9650: 9648: 9645:Ekklisia Online 9639: 9638: 9634: 9623: 9618: 9617: 9613: 9605: 9601: 9591: 9589: 9574: 9573: 9569: 9559: 9557: 9542: 9541: 9537: 9527: 9525: 9508: 9504: 9494: 9492: 9483: 9482: 9478: 9468: 9466: 9449: 9445: 9435: 9433: 9416: 9415: 9411: 9401: 9399: 9382: 9378: 9368: 9366: 9351: 9350: 9346: 9336: 9334: 9319: 9318: 9314: 9304: 9302: 9285: 9284: 9280: 9270: 9268: 9249: 9245: 9235: 9233: 9218: 9214: 9204: 9202: 9191:parliament.scot 9185: 9184: 9180: 9170: 9168: 9155: 9154: 9150: 9140: 9138: 9134: 9123: 9117: 9113: 9103: 9101: 9083: 9076: 9066: 9064: 9049: 9045: 9035: 9033: 9016: 9012: 9002: 9000: 8995:. 11 May 2021. 8987: 8986: 8982: 8972: 8970: 8965:. 10 May 2021. 8953: 8952: 8945: 8920: 8916: 8906: 8904: 8889: 8888: 8884: 8874: 8872: 8864:Huffington Post 8857: 8856: 8852: 8842: 8840: 8823: 8822: 8818: 8808: 8806: 8789: 8785: 8775: 8773: 8756: 8752: 8742: 8740: 8731: 8730: 8726: 8716: 8714: 8699: 8692: 8682: 8680: 8663: 8656: 8646: 8644: 8627: 8620: 8610: 8608: 8595: 8594: 8590: 8580: 8578: 8565: 8564: 8560: 8550: 8548: 8531: 8522: 8512: 8510: 8495: 8494: 8490: 8480: 8478: 8463: 8462: 8458: 8423: 8419: 8409: 8407: 8406:on 20 June 2018 8392: 8388: 8355: 8351: 8341: 8339: 8335: 8324: 8318: 8314: 8295: 8294: 8290: 8280: 8278: 8265: 8264: 8260: 8250: 8248: 8244: 8233: 8229: 8228: 8224: 8216: 8212: 8204: 8200: 8192: 8188: 8171: 8167: 8162:. 12 July 2024. 8160:European Pravda 8154: 8153: 8149: 8141: 8137: 8132:. 21 June 2019. 8128: 8127: 8120: 8105: 8104: 8097: 8087: 8085: 8074: 8073: 8066: 8056: 8054: 8043: 8042: 8035: 8025: 8023: 8022:. 24 April 2019 8014: 8013: 8006: 7999: 7992: 7984: 7980: 7972: 7968: 7958: 7956: 7944: 7940: 7932: 7928: 7920: 7916: 7908: 7904: 7896: 7892: 7884: 7880: 7872: 7868: 7860: 7856: 7848: 7841: 7833: 7829: 7821: 7817: 7809: 7805: 7795: 7793: 7778: 7774: 7766: 7762: 7752: 7750: 7737: 7736: 7732: 7717: 7709:. p. 320. 7697: 7693: 7683: 7681: 7672: 7671: 7667: 7659: 7655: 7647: 7643: 7635: 7631: 7623: 7619: 7611: 7607: 7599: 7595: 7587: 7583: 7575: 7571: 7563: 7559: 7551: 7547: 7537: 7535: 7522: 7521: 7514: 7504: 7502: 7489: 7488: 7484: 7471: 7470: 7466: 7454: 7450: 7438:Wayback Machine 7427: 7424: 7420: 7410: 7408: 7398: 7394: 7384: 7382: 7365: 7358: 7337: 7333: 7323: 7321: 7306: 7302: 7292: 7290: 7273: 7269: 7259: 7257: 7242: 7241: 7237: 7228: 7224: 7214: 7212: 7195: 7191: 7183: 7179: 7169: 7167: 7157: 7153: 7139: 7135: 7127:(2005–2006), . 7117: 7113: 7099: 7095: 7081: 7077: 7072:Wayback Machine 7062: 7058: 7050: 7046: 7036: 7014: 7010: 7005: 7001: 6993: 6989: 6981: 6977: 6969: 6965: 6957: 6953: 6943: 6941: 6906: 6902: 6894: 6890: 6882: 6878: 6870: 6866: 6858: 6854: 6846: 6842: 6834: 6830: 6822: 6815: 6807: 6800: 6792: 6788: 6780: 6776: 6772:, pp. 4–6. 6768: 6764: 6756:, p. 484; 6732:, p. 296; 6728:, p. 120; 6724: 6720: 6712: 6708: 6700: 6696: 6688: 6684: 6676: 6672: 6665: 6644: 6640: 6632: 6625: 6615: 6613: 6601: 6597: 6593:, Introduction. 6589: 6585: 6577: 6570: 6562: 6555: 6547: 6540: 6532: 6528: 6522:Hochschild 1999 6520: 6516: 6512:, pp. 8–9. 6508: 6504: 6494: 6492: 6475: 6468: 6460: 6453: 6447:Hochschild 2005 6445: 6441: 6431: 6429: 6404: 6400: 6392: 6388: 6382:Hochschild 1999 6380: 6376: 6368: 6357: 6349: 6345: 6339:Hochschild 1999 6337: 6333: 6323: 6321: 6313:The Independent 6304: 6300: 6292: 6285: 6277: 6273: 6265: 6261: 6253: 6249: 6245:, p. 1901. 6241: 6234: 6226: 6222: 6214: 6210: 6202: 6198: 6190: 6186: 6178: 6174: 6166: 6162: 6150: 6146: 6142:, p. 1900. 6138: 6134: 6130:, pp. 7–8. 6122: 6118: 6110: 6106: 6098: 6094: 6086: 6082: 6072: 6070: 6057: 6056: 6052: 6042: 6040: 6025: 6021: 6011: 6009: 6008:on 16 July 2011 5994: 5990: 5980: 5978: 5963: 5959: 5949: 5947: 5932: 5928: 5918: 5916: 5901: 5897: 5887: 5885: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5857: 5855: 5838: 5834: 5824: 5822: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5792: 5790: 5773: 5769: 5759: 5751:. p. 433. 5741: 5737: 5720: 5719: 5715: 5698: 5697: 5693: 5683: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5666: 5665: 5661: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5628: 5620: 5616: 5609: 5601:. p. 203. 5589: 5585: 5578: 5570:. p. 129. 5558: 5554: 5541: 5539: 5522: 5515: 5505: 5503: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5476: 5472: 5433: 5429: 5422: 5400: 5396: 5386: 5370: 5366: 5354: 5352: 5337: 5308:Caucasus Survey 5228: 5192:(4): 930–946 . 5167: 5141:Bloxham, Donald 5135: 5131: 5121: 5119: 5115:Huffington Post 5108: 5107: 5103: 5089: 5087: 5077: 5073: 5063: 5061: 5046:Majid, Bareez. 5044: 5040: 5030: 5028: 5019: 5018: 5014: 5004: 5002: 4995: 4979: 4975: 4965: 4963: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4935: 4933: 4926: 4910: 4906: 4896: 4894: 4859: 4855: 4845: 4843: 4836: 4830: 4819: 4809: 4807: 4790: 4786: 4776: 4774: 4761: 4760: 4756: 4746: 4744: 4727: 4723: 4713: 4711: 4696: 4695: 4688: 4678: 4676: 4675:on 3 April 2024 4672: 4661: 4656: 4655: 4651: 4641: 4639: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4609: 4607: 4606:on 21 June 2024 4590: 4586: 4576: 4574: 4557: 4553: 4543: 4541: 4524: 4520: 4510: 4508: 4491: 4484: 4474: 4472: 4455: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4438:on 10 June 2024 4422: 4418: 4400: 4396: 4361: 4357: 4350: 4322: 4318: 4284: 4280: 4247: 4243: 4235: 4231: 4187: 4181: 4177: 4149:Foreign Affairs 4140:de Waal, Thomas 4137: 4133: 4108: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4093: 4084: 4073: 4068: 4064: 4055: 4051: 4042: 4038: 4029: 4025: 4016: 4012: 4003: 3996: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3879:, an aspect of 3859:genocide denial 3836: 3830: 3825: 3824: 3670:An August 2020 3605:In April 2019, 3602: 3594: 3589: 3588: 3581: 3506:war reparations 3490: 3482: 3480:Romani genocide 3477: 3476: 3363: 3361: 3349: 3347: 3335: 3333: 3327: 3315: 3313: 3293: 3291: 3277: 3275: 3259: 3257: 3245: 3243: 3231: 3229: 3217: 3215: 3203: 3201: 3189: 3187: 3175: 3173: 3161: 3159: 3147: 3145: 3133: 3131: 3119: 3117: 3105: 3103: 3091: 3089: 3077: 3075: 3063: 3061: 3058:, 13 March 2008 3049: 3047: 3035: 3033: 3013: 3011: 3008:, 22 March 2023 2999: 2997: 2985: 2983: 2971: 2969: 2957: 2955: 2952:, 28 March 2023 2943: 2941: 2929: 2927: 2915: 2913: 2901: 2899: 2887: 2885: 2873: 2871: 2859: 2857: 2845: 2843: 2840:, 26 April 2022 2831: 2829: 2826:, 10 March 2023 2817: 2815: 2803: 2801: 2789: 2787: 2565: 2557: 2549:State of Israel 2469: 2455: 2450: 2449: 2441: 2433: 2428: 2427: 2399:New South Wales 2282: 2274: 2269: 2268: 2177:Ksenia Svetlova 2157:The Republicans 1945: 1937: 1932: 1931: 1920:, or genocide. 1857: 1849: 1844: 1843: 1822:to exterminate 1790: 1788: 1765: 1763: 1740: 1738: 1715: 1713: 1690: 1688: 1572: 1561: 1553: 1547: 1545: 1544: 1475:Islamic History 1473:, professor of 1434: 1426: 1421: 1420: 1383: 1375: 1370: 1369: 1345: 1337: 1233:, or the wider 1223: 1217: 1200: 1195: 1194: 1179:in present-day 1088:, James Boyce, 1077: 1069: 1064: 1063: 1049: 1020:Robert Weisbord 1005:Jean-Luc Vellut 999:Yomiuri Shimbun 970:Barbara Emerson 961: 957: 950: 945:Adam Hochschild 942: 935: 918:Adam Hochschild 891: 886:Robert Weisbord 883: 876: 872: 866: 858: 852: 847: 846: 830: 822: 817: 816: 790: 747: 745:Anti-Sikh riots 742: 741: 712:First World War 676: 668: 660:Kurdish descent 625: 620: 619: 617: 614: 595:, who wrote in 560: 552: 547: 521: 511: 482: 454:Joël Voordewind 424: 404:Ksenia Svetlova 400: 394:in 1904–1908). 368: 350: 322:Uyghur genocide 290: 272: 267: 241: 137:Anti-Indigenous 91:In relation to 33: 31: 12: 11: 5: 17974: 17964: 17963: 17958: 17953: 17948: 17943: 17926: 17925: 17922: 17921: 17919: 17918: 17910: 17902: 17894: 17886: 17878: 17870: 17862: 17854: 17845: 17842: 17841: 17829: 17828: 17826: 17825: 17817: 17809: 17801: 17800: 17799: 17791: 17783: 17767: 17759: 17751: 17743: 17735: 17726: 17723: 17722: 17710: 17709: 17707: 17706: 17698: 17690: 17682: 17674: 17666: 17658: 17654:Eichmann trial 17650: 17642: 17634: 17626: 17618: 17610: 17602: 17594: 17586: 17578: 17570: 17562: 17554: 17546: 17538: 17534:Chełmno trials 17530: 17522: 17514: 17506: 17497: 17494: 17493: 17479: 17475: 17474: 17472: 17471: 17464: 17457: 17450: 17443: 17436: 17429: 17422: 17421: 17420: 17413: 17406: 17391: 17389: 17385: 17384: 17382: 17381: 17374: 17367: 17360: 17353: 17346: 17339: 17332: 17331: 17330: 17327:Trivialization 17315: 17313: 17307: 17306: 17304: 17303: 17296: 17289: 17282: 17275: 17274: 17273: 17266: 17263:Killing Fields 17252: 17245: 17238: 17231: 17224: 17216: 17214: 17210: 17209: 17207: 17206: 17199: 17192: 17185: 17178: 17171: 17164: 17157: 17150: 17143: 17136: 17135: 17134: 17133: 17132: 17111: 17110: 17109: 17094: 17092: 17088: 17087: 17084: 17083: 17081: 17080: 17072: 17064: 17056: 17048: 17040: 17032: 17024: 17023: 17022: 17007: 16998: 16995: 16994: 16980: 16979: 16977: 16976: 16968: 16960: 16959: 16958: 16943: 16935: 16927: 16919: 16911: 16903: 16899:Kuwaiti Bedoon 16895: 16887: 16879: 16871: 16863: 16855: 16847: 16846: 16845: 16838: 16826: 16818: 16810: 16802: 16794: 16786: 16778: 16770: 16761: 16758: 16757: 16743: 16742: 16740: 16739: 16735:Crimean Tatars 16731: 16723: 16715: 16707: 16699: 16691: 16683: 16675: 16667: 16659: 16651: 16643: 16635: 16627: 16619: 16611: 16603: 16595: 16587: 16579: 16571: 16563: 16559:Kantō Massacre 16555: 16547: 16539: 16531: 16523: 16522: 16521: 16513: 16505: 16497: 16489: 16481: 16480: 16479: 16456: 16453: 16452: 16438: 16437: 16435: 16434: 16433: 16432: 16417: 16409: 16401: 16393: 16385: 16377: 16369: 16361: 16353: 16345: 16337: 16336: 16335: 16327: 16319: 16315:Trail of Tears 16311: 16307:Indian removal 16296: 16288: 16280: 16279: 16278: 16270: 16255: 16247: 16239: 16231: 16223: 16222: 16221: 16213: 16198: 16190: 16182: 16174: 16166: 16158: 16150: 16146:Kashmiri Shias 16142: 16134: 16126: 16117: 16114: 16113: 16099: 16098: 16096: 16095: 16087: 16079: 16071: 16063: 16055: 16047: 16039: 16031: 16030: 16029: 16014: 16006: 15997: 15994: 15993: 15980: 15968: 15967: 15960: 15959: 15952: 15945: 15937: 15931: 15930: 15917: 15911: 15893:Main article: 15890: 15887: 15885: 15884: 15864:Yacoub, Joseph 15860: 15854: 15838:Yacoub, Joseph 15834: 15816: 15810:. p. 47. 15794: 15780: 15755: 15724: 15685: 15657:(3): 292–306. 15640: 15618: 15612: 15595: 15589: 15571: 15544: 15530: 15514: 15496: 15488:Berghahn Books 15477: 15471: 15443:Blackhawk, Ned 15431: 15405: 15383: 15377: 15360: 15329: 15320:978-1440830525 15319: 15300: 15282:(2): 193–209. 15265: 15259: 15251:Berghahn Books 15239: 15230:978-0275979454 15229: 15210: 15204: 15179: 15118: 15112: 15092: 15086: 15066: 15031: 15025: 15001: 14987: 14965: 14956: 14935: 14921: 14905:Margolis, Eric 14901: 14883:(2): 167–192. 14866: 14852: 14842:. Pittsburgh: 14831: 14825: 14808: 14792: 14749: 14739: 14733:. p. 87. 14717:Kleveman, Lutz 14713: 14707: 14684: 14670: 14654: 14644: 14622: 14608: 14596:Academic Press 14583: 14577: 14563:Hughes, Robert 14559: 14537: 14531: 14507: 14478: 14466: 14460: 14452:Berghahn Books 14443: 14410: 14404: 14384: 14366:(3): 315–327. 14355: 14333: 14325:Crimean Tatars 14320: 14311:978-1317849070 14310: 14291: 14285: 14268: 14248: 14234: 14214: 14200: 14187: 14181: 14168: 14150: 14107: 14086: 14080: 14067: 14061: 14045: 14018: 13995: 13989: 13974: 13960: 13938: 13932: 13904:Blackhawk, Ned 13895: 13885:(2): 183–209. 13874: 13868: 13852: 13830: 13813: 13808:978-1647920548 13807: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13780: 13779: 13772: 13744: 13737: 13713:Brossat, Alain 13701: 13674: 13649: 13638:. 23 June 2021 13623: 13587: 13568: 13550: 13529: 13509: 13491: 13470: 13446: 13422: 13387: 13369: 13343: 13323: 13295: 13267: 13240: 13220:Kelly, Laura. 13212: 13184: 13156: 13131: 13102: 13074: 13048: 13022: 12996: 12977: 12936: 12895: 12859: 12848:. 30 June 2020 12833: 12803: 12754: 12727: 12706: 12679: 12649: 12627: 12611: 12586: 12579: 12555: 12548: 12526: 12512: 12510:, p. 735. 12500: 12498:, p. 734. 12488: 12481: 12455: 12431: 12405: 12375: 12349: 12319: 12300: 12278: 12248: 12218: 12188: 12166: 12147: 12118: 12082: 12045: 12011: 11983: 11961: 11931: 11917: 11887: 11866: 11832: 11801: 11779: 11757: 11731: 11698: 11693:news.yahoo.com 11680: 11654: 11636: 11608: 11576: 11544: 11512: 11477: 11445: 11434:on 25 May 2023 11413: 11402:on 29 May 2023 11383: 11372:on 24 May 2023 11365:Slovenia Times 11350: 11318: 11289: 11263: 11237: 11226:on 7 July 2023 11220:Ukrainian News 11206: 11182: 11156: 11128: 11104: 11093:. 26 July 2023 11076: 11049: 11027: 11016:on 30 May 2023 11001: 10973: 10945: 10918: 10894: 10862: 10830: 10808: 10782: 10757: 10725: 10699: 10688:on 30 May 2023 10667: 10649:Senado Federal 10635: 10624:on 16 May 2022 10609: 10583: 10569: 10533: 10503: 10478: 10467:on 2 June 2024 10446: 10413: 10402:on 20 May 2024 10376: 10346: 10324: 10303: 10275: 10216: 10198: 10168: 10157:on 22 May 2024 10137: 10092: 10056: 10031: 10015: 9989: 9975: 9961: 9943: 9918: 9907:on 9 July 2011 9884: 9857: 9831: 9802: 9790: 9778: 9748: 9733: 9705: 9684: 9672:Greek Reporter 9658: 9632: 9611: 9599: 9567: 9535: 9502: 9476: 9443: 9426:United Nations 9409: 9376: 9344: 9312: 9278: 9243: 9212: 9178: 9167:on 19 May 2017 9148: 9111: 9074: 9043: 9010: 8980: 8963:United Nations 8943: 8914: 8896:United Nations 8882: 8850: 8827:(in Russian). 8816: 8783: 8750: 8724: 8690: 8654: 8618: 8588: 8558: 8520: 8488: 8456: 8417: 8400:United Nations 8386: 8367:(2): 279–301. 8349: 8312: 8288: 8258: 8222: 8220:, p. 270. 8210: 8198: 8186: 8165: 8147: 8145:, p. 320. 8135: 8118: 8095: 8064: 8033: 8004: 7990: 7988:, p. 275. 7986:Kamusella 2008 7978: 7966: 7938: 7936:, p. 216. 7926: 7924:, p. 150. 7914: 7902: 7900:, p. 126. 7890: 7888:, p. 197. 7878: 7866: 7864:, p. 469. 7862:Besemeres 2016 7854: 7852:, p. 104. 7839: 7827: 7815: 7813:, p. 241. 7803: 7772: 7760: 7730: 7715: 7691: 7665: 7653: 7641: 7629: 7627:, p. 315. 7617: 7605: 7603:, p. 203. 7593: 7591:, p. 277. 7581: 7579:, p. 357. 7569: 7567:, p. 118. 7557: 7555:, p. 413. 7545: 7512: 7482: 7464: 7448: 7418: 7392: 7356: 7331: 7300: 7267: 7235: 7222: 7189: 7177: 7151: 7133: 7125:109th Congress 7111: 7093: 7075: 7056: 7044: 7034: 7008: 6999: 6987: 6975: 6963: 6951: 6925:(4): 479–499. 6900: 6888: 6876: 6864: 6852: 6840: 6828: 6813: 6798: 6796:, p. 120. 6786: 6774: 6762: 6718: 6706: 6694: 6682: 6680:, p. 437. 6678:Goddeeris 2015 6670: 6663: 6657:. p. 44. 6638: 6636:, p. 535. 6623: 6595: 6583: 6579:Stapleton 2017 6568: 6553: 6538: 6526: 6514: 6510:Ascherson 1999 6502: 6466: 6451: 6439: 6398: 6386: 6384:, p. 225. 6374: 6370:Stapleton 2017 6355: 6353:, p. 297. 6343: 6341:, p. 255. 6331: 6298: 6294:Stapleton 2017 6283: 6271: 6269:, p. 211. 6259: 6247: 6232: 6220: 6218:, p. 215. 6208: 6196: 6194:, p. 375. 6184: 6182:, p. 197. 6172: 6170:, p. 184. 6160: 6144: 6132: 6116: 6104: 6102:, p. 317. 6092: 6090:, p. 585. 6080: 6050: 6019: 5988: 5957: 5926: 5895: 5865: 5832: 5800: 5767: 5758:978-1483359885 5757: 5735: 5713: 5691: 5659: 5637: 5614: 5608:978-0814712825 5607: 5583: 5577:978-1610695176 5576: 5552: 5513: 5488: 5470: 5427: 5420: 5394: 5384: 5364: 5362: 5361: 5335: 5303: 5282:(3): 311–313. 5271: 5235: 5226: 5208: 5174: 5165: 5129: 5101: 5071: 5038: 5012: 4994:978-0300100983 4993: 4973: 4947: 4924: 4904: 4853: 4817: 4784: 4773:on 5 June 2024 4754: 4721: 4686: 4666:tweedekamer.nl 4649: 4617: 4584: 4551: 4518: 4482: 4449: 4416: 4394: 4355: 4348: 4316: 4291:Global Society 4287:Finkel, Evgeny 4278: 4241: 4229: 4200:(3): 404–426. 4175: 4156:(1): 136–148. 4131: 4120:(3): 412–428. 4101: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4091: 4071: 4062: 4049: 4036: 4023: 4019:United Nations 4010: 4006:United Nations 3994: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3972: 3967: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3866: 3861: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3832:Main article: 3829: 3826: 3803:In June 2021, 3725:Antony Blinken 3603: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3535:racial grounds 3515:Otto Ohlendorf 3511:Einsatzgruppen 3491: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3401:United Nations 3374: 3373: 3359: 3345: 3326: 3325: 3324:, 2 April 2004 3311: 3289: 3288: 3287: 3266:United Kingdom 3255: 3241: 3227: 3213: 3212:, 20 June 2023 3199: 3185: 3184:, 2 March 2017 3171: 3157: 3156:, 19 June 2007 3143: 3129: 3115: 3101: 3087: 3086:, 13 June 2023 3073: 3059: 3045: 3044:, 26 July 2023 3031: 3009: 2995: 2981: 2967: 2953: 2939: 2925: 2911: 2910:, 6 April 2022 2908:Czech Republic 2897: 2883: 2869: 2868:, 20 June 2003 2855: 2841: 2827: 2813: 2799: 2784: 2718:United Kingdom 2622:Czech Republic 2590:United Nations 2566: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2454: 2451: 2442: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2283: 2275: 2273: 2272:Greek genocide 2270: 2267: 2266: 2255: 2237: 2207: 2192: 2170: 2164: 2137: 2119: 2111:Tobias Ellwood 2097:United Kingdom 2094: 2069: 2061:European Union 2058: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2038: 2027: 2024:sexual slavery 2009:United Nations 1966:United Nations 1946: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1924:United Nations 1858: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1807: 1806: 1804: 1799: 1786: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1774: 1761: 1757: 1756: 1754: 1749: 1736: 1732: 1731: 1729: 1724: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1704: 1699: 1686: 1682: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1621:Timothy Snyder 1608:Norman Naimark 1562: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1486:Raphael Lemkin 1435: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1394:. Following a 1384: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1357:S. C. Hastings 1346: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1259:Bosnian Muslim 1199: 1196: 1149:Henry Reynolds 1110:Richard Broome 1106:Henry Reynolds 1102:Raphael Lemkin 1092:, Tom Lawson, 1078: 1070: 1068: 1065: 931: 899:United Nations 868: 867: 859: 851: 848: 831: 823: 821: 818: 813:Lutyens' Delhi 795:Manmohan Singh 791: 783: 769:following the 746: 743: 736:, Turkey, and 714:, constituted 700:Ottoman Empire 677: 669: 667: 664: 624: 623:Anfal campaign 621: 612: 581:Raphael Lemkin 561: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 510: 507: 503:Tobias Ellwood 481: 480:United Kingdom 478: 423: 420: 399: 396: 382:(committed by 349: 346: 271: 268: 266: 263: 243: 242: 240: 239: 232: 225: 217: 214: 213: 207: 206: 205: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 176: 175: 174:Related topics 171: 170: 169: 168: 167: 166: 161: 151: 150: 149: 144: 139: 131: 130: 129: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 51: 50: 46: 45: 37: 36: 27: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17973: 17962: 17959: 17957: 17954: 17952: 17949: 17947: 17944: 17942: 17939: 17938: 17936: 17915: 17911: 17907: 17903: 17899: 17895: 17891: 17887: 17883: 17879: 17875: 17871: 17867: 17863: 17859: 17855: 17851: 17847: 17846: 17843: 17834: 17822: 17818: 17814: 17810: 17806: 17802: 17796: 17792: 17788: 17784: 17780: 17776: 17775: 17772: 17768: 17764: 17760: 17756: 17752: 17748: 17744: 17740: 17736: 17732: 17728: 17727: 17724: 17715: 17703: 17699: 17695: 17691: 17687: 17686:Sobibor trial 17683: 17679: 17675: 17671: 17667: 17663: 17659: 17655: 17651: 17647: 17643: 17639: 17635: 17631: 17627: 17623: 17619: 17615: 17611: 17607: 17603: 17599: 17595: 17591: 17587: 17583: 17579: 17575: 17571: 17567: 17563: 17559: 17555: 17551: 17550:Belsen trials 17547: 17543: 17542:Dachau trials 17539: 17535: 17531: 17527: 17523: 17519: 17515: 17511: 17510:Kharkov trial 17507: 17503: 17499: 17498: 17495: 17489: 17483: 17480: 17476: 17469: 17465: 17462: 17458: 17455: 17454:Justification 17451: 17448: 17444: 17441: 17437: 17434: 17430: 17427: 17423: 17418: 17414: 17411: 17407: 17404: 17400: 17399: 17397: 17393: 17392: 17390: 17386: 17379: 17375: 17372: 17368: 17365: 17361: 17358: 17354: 17351: 17347: 17344: 17340: 17337: 17333: 17328: 17324: 17323: 17321: 17320:The Holocaust 17317: 17316: 17314: 17312: 17308: 17301: 17297: 17294: 17290: 17287: 17283: 17280: 17279:Death marches 17276: 17271: 17267: 17264: 17260: 17259: 17257: 17253: 17250: 17246: 17243: 17239: 17236: 17232: 17229: 17225: 17222: 17218: 17217: 17215: 17211: 17204: 17200: 17197: 17193: 17190: 17186: 17183: 17179: 17176: 17172: 17169: 17165: 17162: 17158: 17155: 17151: 17148: 17144: 17141: 17137: 17130: 17126: 17125: 17123: 17119: 17118: 17116: 17112: 17107: 17103: 17102: 17100: 17096: 17095: 17093: 17089: 17077: 17073: 17069: 17065: 17061: 17057: 17053: 17049: 17045: 17041: 17037: 17036:Iraqi Turkmen 17033: 17029: 17025: 17020: 17016: 17015: 17012: 17008: 17004: 17000: 16999: 16996: 16991: 16985: 16973: 16969: 16965: 16961: 16956: 16952: 16951: 16948: 16944: 16940: 16936: 16932: 16928: 16924: 16920: 16916: 16912: 16908: 16904: 16900: 16896: 16892: 16888: 16884: 16880: 16876: 16872: 16868: 16864: 16860: 16856: 16852: 16848: 16843: 16839: 16836: 16832: 16831: 16827: 16823: 16819: 16815: 16811: 16807: 16803: 16799: 16795: 16791: 16787: 16783: 16779: 16775: 16771: 16767: 16763: 16762: 16759: 16754: 16748: 16736: 16732: 16728: 16724: 16720: 16716: 16712: 16708: 16704: 16700: 16696: 16692: 16688: 16684: 16680: 16676: 16672: 16671:The Holocaust 16668: 16664: 16660: 16656: 16652: 16648: 16644: 16640: 16636: 16632: 16628: 16624: 16620: 16616: 16612: 16608: 16604: 16600: 16596: 16592: 16588: 16584: 16580: 16576: 16572: 16568: 16564: 16560: 16556: 16553:(1920s–1930s) 16552: 16551:Ingrian Finns 16548: 16544: 16540: 16536: 16532: 16528: 16524: 16518: 16514: 16510: 16506: 16502: 16498: 16494: 16490: 16486: 16482: 16477: 16476:Pontic Greeks 16473: 16472: 16469: 16465: 16464: 16462: 16458: 16457: 16454: 16449: 16443: 16429: 16425: 16424: 16422: 16418: 16414: 16410: 16406: 16402: 16398: 16394: 16391:(1890s–1900s) 16390: 16386: 16382: 16378: 16374: 16370: 16366: 16362: 16358: 16354: 16350: 16346: 16342: 16338: 16332: 16328: 16324: 16320: 16316: 16312: 16308: 16304: 16303: 16301: 16297: 16293: 16289: 16285: 16281: 16275: 16271: 16267: 16263: 16262: 16260: 16256: 16252: 16248: 16244: 16240: 16236: 16232: 16228: 16224: 16218: 16214: 16211:(1700s–1800s) 16210: 16206: 16205: 16203: 16199: 16195: 16191: 16187: 16183: 16179: 16175: 16171: 16167: 16163: 16159: 16155: 16151: 16147: 16143: 16139: 16135: 16131: 16127: 16123: 16119: 16118: 16115: 16110: 16104: 16092: 16088: 16084: 16080: 16076: 16072: 16068: 16064: 16061:(1200s–1360s) 16060: 16056: 16052: 16048: 16044: 16040: 16036: 16032: 16027: 16023: 16022: 16019: 16015: 16011: 16007: 16003: 15999: 15998: 15995: 15990: 15984: 15981: 15978: 15973: 15969: 15965: 15958: 15953: 15951: 15946: 15944: 15939: 15938: 15935: 15928:(2): 270–284. 15927: 15923: 15918: 15914: 15908: 15904: 15899: 15898: 15896: 15881: 15877: 15873: 15870:(in French). 15869: 15865: 15861: 15857: 15851: 15847: 15843: 15839: 15835: 15831: 15827: 15823: 15819: 15817:9781611688016 15813: 15809: 15805: 15804: 15799: 15795: 15791: 15787: 15783: 15781:9780230297784 15777: 15773: 15769: 15764: 15763: 15756: 15752: 15748: 15744: 15740: 15736: 15732: 15731: 15725: 15721: 15717: 15713: 15709: 15705: 15701: 15697: 15693: 15692: 15691:Slavic Review 15686: 15682: 15678: 15674: 15670: 15665: 15660: 15656: 15652: 15651: 15646: 15641: 15637: 15633: 15632: 15627: 15623: 15619: 15615: 15609: 15605: 15601: 15596: 15592: 15586: 15582: 15581: 15576: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15558: 15554: 15550: 15545: 15541: 15537: 15533: 15531:9780520930209 15527: 15523: 15519: 15515: 15511: 15507: 15503: 15499: 15497:9781782383031 15493: 15489: 15486:. Göttingen: 15485: 15484: 15478: 15474: 15468: 15464: 15460: 15456: 15452: 15448: 15444: 15440: 15436: 15432: 15428: 15424: 15420: 15416: 15412: 15408: 15406:9781440831614 15402: 15398: 15394: 15393: 15388: 15384: 15380: 15374: 15370: 15369:Gorgias Press 15366: 15361: 15357: 15353: 15349: 15345: 15341: 15337: 15336: 15330: 15326: 15322: 15316: 15312: 15308: 15307: 15301: 15297: 15293: 15289: 15285: 15281: 15277: 15276: 15271: 15266: 15262: 15256: 15252: 15248: 15244: 15243:Sjöberg, Erik 15240: 15236: 15232: 15226: 15222: 15218: 15217: 15211: 15207: 15201: 15197: 15193: 15189: 15185: 15180: 15165: 15161: 15157: 15153: 15149: 15145: 15141: 15137: 15133: 15132: 15124: 15119: 15115: 15109: 15105: 15101: 15097: 15096:Ryan, Lyndall 15093: 15089: 15083: 15079: 15075: 15071: 15067: 15063: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15045: 15041: 15037: 15032: 15028: 15022: 15018: 15013: 15012: 15006: 15002: 14998: 14994: 14990: 14988:9780691152387 14984: 14980: 14976: 14975: 14970: 14966: 14962: 14957: 14954: 14949: 14945: 14941: 14936: 14932: 14928: 14924: 14922:9781554700875 14918: 14914: 14910: 14906: 14902: 14898: 14894: 14890: 14886: 14882: 14878: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14863: 14859: 14855: 14853:9780822976820 14849: 14845: 14841: 14837: 14832: 14828: 14822: 14818: 14814: 14809: 14805: 14798: 14793: 14778: 14774: 14770: 14766: 14762: 14755: 14750: 14746: 14742: 14740:9783871344565 14736: 14732: 14728: 14724: 14723: 14718: 14714: 14710: 14704: 14700: 14696: 14694: 14689: 14685: 14681: 14677: 14673: 14671:9780230583474 14667: 14663: 14659: 14655: 14651: 14647: 14645:9781317533856 14641: 14637: 14633: 14632: 14627: 14623: 14619: 14615: 14611: 14609:9780123813824 14605: 14601: 14597: 14592: 14591: 14584: 14580: 14578:0-330-29892-5 14574: 14570: 14569: 14564: 14560: 14556: 14552: 14551: 14546: 14542: 14538: 14534: 14528: 14524: 14519: 14518: 14512: 14508: 14504: 14500: 14496: 14492: 14489:(3): 434–51. 14488: 14484: 14479: 14475: 14471: 14467: 14463: 14457: 14453: 14449: 14444: 14440: 14436: 14432: 14428: 14425:(1): 83–103. 14424: 14420: 14416: 14411: 14407: 14401: 14397: 14393: 14389: 14385: 14381: 14377: 14373: 14369: 14365: 14361: 14356: 14352: 14348: 14344: 14340: 14336: 14334:9780817966638 14330: 14326: 14321: 14317: 14313: 14307: 14303: 14299: 14298: 14292: 14288: 14282: 14278: 14274: 14269: 14257: 14253: 14249: 14245: 14241: 14237: 14235:9788389607850 14231: 14227: 14223: 14219: 14215: 14211: 14207: 14203: 14201:9781860644542 14197: 14193: 14188: 14184: 14178: 14174: 14173:The Black War 14169: 14165: 14158: 14157: 14151: 14147: 14141: 14133: 14129: 14125: 14121: 14117: 14113: 14108: 14104: 14100: 14097:(2): 99–115. 14096: 14092: 14087: 14083: 14081:9781760528218 14077: 14073: 14068: 14064: 14058: 14054: 14050: 14046: 14041: 14036: 14032: 14028: 14024: 14019: 14015: 14011: 14007: 14003: 14002: 13996: 13992: 13990:9781760460617 13986: 13982: 13981: 13975: 13971: 13967: 13963: 13961:9781317831716 13957: 13953: 13952: 13947: 13946:Broxup, Marie 13943: 13939: 13935: 13929: 13925: 13921: 13917: 13913: 13909: 13905: 13901: 13896: 13892: 13888: 13884: 13880: 13875: 13871: 13869:1-86207-290-6 13865: 13861: 13857: 13853: 13849: 13845: 13841: 13837: 13833: 13831:9780822319948 13827: 13822: 13821: 13814: 13810: 13804: 13800: 13799: 13794: 13790: 13789: 13775: 13773:9780197689363 13769: 13765: 13761: 13757: 13751: 13749: 13740: 13734: 13730: 13726: 13722: 13719:. Singapore: 13718: 13714: 13708: 13706: 13690: 13689: 13684: 13678: 13663: 13659: 13653: 13637: 13633: 13627: 13608: 13604: 13597: 13591: 13583: 13582:genocidewatch 13579: 13572: 13564: 13560: 13554: 13546: 13542: 13536: 13534: 13525: 13524: 13519: 13513: 13505: 13501: 13495: 13487: 13486: 13481: 13474: 13466: 13465: 13460: 13453: 13451: 13443: 13439: 13438: 13433: 13426: 13411: 13407: 13403: 13402: 13401:The Economist 13397: 13391: 13383: 13379: 13373: 13358: 13354: 13347: 13339: 13338: 13333: 13327: 13312: 13311: 13306: 13299: 13283: 13282: 13277: 13271: 13264: 13251: 13244: 13229: 13228: 13223: 13216: 13201: 13200: 13195: 13188: 13173: 13172: 13167: 13160: 13145: 13141: 13135: 13119: 13112: 13106: 13091: 13090: 13085: 13078: 13062: 13058: 13052: 13036: 13032: 13026: 13011: 13007: 13000: 12992: 12988: 12981: 12965: 12961: 12957: 12953: 12952: 12947: 12940: 12924: 12920: 12916: 12912: 12911: 12906: 12899: 12883: 12879: 12878: 12873: 12866: 12864: 12847: 12843: 12837: 12821: 12817: 12813: 12807: 12799: 12795: 12791: 12787: 12783: 12779: 12775: 12771: 12767: 12766: 12758: 12750: 12746: 12742: 12741:Monde Chinois 12738: 12731: 12723: 12722: 12717: 12710: 12694: 12690: 12683: 12667: 12663: 12656: 12654: 12645: 12637: 12631: 12624: 12620: 12615: 12607: 12603: 12599: 12598: 12590: 12582: 12576: 12572: 12568: 12567: 12559: 12551: 12545: 12541: 12537: 12530: 12523: 12522: 12516: 12509: 12504: 12497: 12492: 12484: 12478: 12474: 12470: 12466: 12459: 12448: 12441: 12435: 12419: 12415: 12409: 12393: 12389: 12385: 12379: 12363: 12359: 12353: 12337: 12329: 12323: 12315: 12311: 12304: 12296: 12292: 12288: 12282: 12266: 12262: 12258: 12252: 12236: 12228: 12222: 12206: 12202: 12198: 12192: 12184: 12180: 12176: 12170: 12163: 12159: 12156: 12151: 12135: 12128: 12122: 12103: 12096: 12092: 12086: 12067: 12063: 12056: 12049: 12033: 12029: 12025: 12021: 12015: 12004: 12000: 11993: 11987: 11979: 11975: 11971: 11965: 11949: 11945: 11941: 11935: 11927: 11921: 11905: 11901: 11897: 11891: 11876: 11870: 11862: 11850: 11846: 11842: 11836: 11829: 11818: 11817: 11812: 11805: 11789: 11783: 11767: 11761: 11745: 11741: 11735: 11716: 11712: 11708: 11702: 11694: 11690: 11684: 11668: 11664: 11658: 11650: 11646: 11640: 11625: 11624: 11619: 11612: 11596: 11592: 11591: 11586: 11580: 11564: 11560: 11559: 11554: 11548: 11532: 11528: 11527: 11522: 11516: 11500: 11496: 11495: 11490: 11481: 11465: 11461: 11460: 11455: 11449: 11433: 11429: 11428: 11427:UK Parliament 11423: 11417: 11401: 11397: 11393: 11387: 11371: 11367: 11366: 11361: 11354: 11338: 11334: 11333: 11328: 11322: 11306: 11304: 11299: 11293: 11277: 11273: 11267: 11251: 11247: 11241: 11225: 11221: 11217: 11210: 11202: 11198: 11197: 11192: 11186: 11170: 11166: 11160: 11152: 11148: 11144: 11143: 11138: 11132: 11124: 11120: 11119: 11114: 11108: 11092: 11091: 11086: 11080: 11065: 11064: 11059: 11053: 11037: 11031: 11015: 11011: 11005: 10989: 10988: 10983: 10977: 10961: 10960: 10955: 10949: 10933: 10929: 10922: 10914: 10910: 10909: 10904: 10898: 10882: 10878: 10877: 10872: 10866: 10850: 10846: 10845: 10840: 10834: 10818: 10812: 10796: 10792: 10786: 10778: 10774: 10773: 10768: 10761: 10745: 10741: 10740: 10735: 10729: 10713: 10709: 10703: 10687: 10683: 10682: 10677: 10671: 10656:on 3 May 2022 10655: 10651: 10650: 10645: 10639: 10623: 10619: 10613: 10597: 10593: 10587: 10579: 10573: 10558: 10554: 10550: 10549: 10544: 10537: 10521: 10517: 10513: 10507: 10499: 10495: 10494: 10489: 10482: 10466: 10462: 10461: 10456: 10450: 10434: 10430: 10429: 10423: 10417: 10401: 10397: 10396: 10390: 10386: 10380: 10365: 10361: 10357: 10350: 10342: 10338: 10334: 10328: 10320: 10316: 10313: 10307: 10292: 10291: 10286: 10279: 10263: 10259: 10255: 10249: 10247: 10245: 10243: 10241: 10239: 10237: 10235: 10233: 10231: 10229: 10227: 10225: 10223: 10221: 10212: 10208: 10202: 10186: 10182: 10178: 10172: 10156: 10152: 10148: 10141: 10134: 10129: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10111: 10107: 10103: 10096: 10080: 10076: 10072: 10063: 10061: 10052: 10048: 10044: 10043: 10035: 10028: 10024: 10019: 10004: 10000: 9993: 9985: 9979: 9971: 9965: 9957: 9953: 9947: 9932: 9928: 9922: 9906: 9902: 9898: 9894: 9888: 9873: 9869: 9868: 9861: 9845: 9841: 9835: 9820: 9816: 9806: 9799: 9794: 9787: 9782: 9771: 9766: 9762: 9752: 9744: 9737: 9729: 9725: 9724: 9719: 9715: 9709: 9701: 9697: 9688: 9673: 9669: 9662: 9646: 9642: 9636: 9628: 9624: 9615: 9608: 9603: 9587: 9583: 9582: 9577: 9571: 9555: 9551: 9550: 9545: 9539: 9523: 9519: 9518: 9513: 9506: 9490: 9486: 9480: 9464: 9460: 9459: 9454: 9447: 9431: 9427: 9423: 9419: 9413: 9397: 9393: 9392: 9387: 9380: 9364: 9360: 9359: 9354: 9348: 9332: 9328: 9327: 9322: 9316: 9300: 9296: 9293:(in French). 9292: 9288: 9282: 9266: 9262: 9259:(in French). 9258: 9254: 9247: 9231: 9228:(in French). 9227: 9223: 9216: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9188: 9182: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9152: 9133: 9129: 9122: 9115: 9099: 9095: 9091: 9087: 9081: 9079: 9062: 9058: 9054: 9047: 9031: 9027: 9026: 9021: 9014: 8998: 8994: 8990: 8984: 8968: 8964: 8960: 8956: 8950: 8948: 8939: 8935: 8931: 8927: 8926: 8918: 8902: 8898: 8897: 8892: 8886: 8870: 8866: 8865: 8860: 8854: 8838: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8820: 8804: 8800: 8799: 8794: 8787: 8771: 8767: 8766: 8761: 8754: 8738: 8734: 8728: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8697: 8695: 8678: 8674: 8673: 8668: 8661: 8659: 8642: 8638: 8637: 8632: 8625: 8623: 8606: 8602: 8598: 8592: 8576: 8572: 8571:armenpress.am 8568: 8562: 8546: 8542: 8541: 8536: 8529: 8527: 8525: 8508: 8504: 8503: 8498: 8492: 8476: 8472: 8471: 8466: 8460: 8452: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8434: 8433: 8428: 8421: 8405: 8401: 8397: 8390: 8382: 8378: 8374: 8370: 8366: 8362: 8361: 8353: 8334: 8330: 8323: 8316: 8308: 8304: 8303: 8298: 8292: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8267:"Marsh Arabs" 8262: 8243: 8239: 8232: 8226: 8219: 8214: 8207: 8202: 8195: 8190: 8182: 8181: 8176: 8169: 8161: 8157: 8151: 8144: 8139: 8131: 8125: 8123: 8114: 8113: 8108: 8102: 8100: 8084:. 6 June 2019 8083: 8082: 8077: 8071: 8069: 8052: 8051: 8046: 8040: 8038: 8021: 8017: 8011: 8009: 8002: 7997: 7995: 7987: 7982: 7975: 7970: 7955: 7954: 7949: 7942: 7935: 7934:Allworth 1998 7930: 7923: 7918: 7912:, p. 18. 7911: 7906: 7899: 7894: 7887: 7886:Allworth 1998 7882: 7876:, p. 29. 7875: 7870: 7863: 7858: 7851: 7846: 7844: 7836: 7831: 7825:, p. 28. 7824: 7819: 7812: 7807: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7776: 7770:, p. 30. 7769: 7764: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7734: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7703: 7695: 7684:September 22, 7679: 7675: 7669: 7663:, p. 87. 7662: 7661:Kleveman 2002 7657: 7650: 7649:Courtois 2010 7645: 7639:, p. 99. 7638: 7633: 7626: 7625:Fredholm 2000 7621: 7615:, p. 67. 7614: 7613:Williams 2015 7609: 7602: 7597: 7590: 7589:Margolis 2008 7585: 7578: 7573: 7566: 7561: 7554: 7549: 7533: 7529: 7525: 7519: 7517: 7500: 7496: 7492: 7486: 7478: 7474: 7468: 7462:. 20 May 2011 7461: 7457: 7452: 7446:. 20 May 2011 7445: 7444: 7443:Civil Georgia 7439: 7435: 7431: 7422: 7407: 7403: 7396: 7380: 7376: 7375: 7370: 7363: 7361: 7352: 7348: 7347: 7342: 7335: 7319: 7315: 7314:Above the Law 7311: 7304: 7288: 7284: 7283: 7278: 7271: 7255: 7251: 7250: 7245: 7239: 7232: 7226: 7210: 7206: 7205: 7200: 7193: 7187: 7181: 7166: 7162: 7155: 7148: 7144: 7143: 7137: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7121: 7115: 7108: 7104: 7103: 7097: 7090: 7086: 7085: 7079: 7073: 7069: 7066: 7060: 7054: 7048: 7041: 7037: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7019: 7012: 7003: 6996: 6991: 6984: 6979: 6973:, p. 14. 6972: 6967: 6960: 6959:Clements 2014 6955: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6919: 6914: 6910: 6909:Ryan, Lyndall 6904: 6897: 6892: 6886:, p. 59. 6885: 6884:Reynolds 2001 6880: 6873: 6872:Reynolds 2001 6868: 6862:, p. 29. 6861: 6860:Reynolds 2001 6856: 6849: 6844: 6837: 6832: 6825: 6824:Clements 2013 6820: 6818: 6811:, p. 44. 6810: 6805: 6803: 6795: 6790: 6784:, p. 50. 6783: 6782:Reynolds 2001 6778: 6771: 6766: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6742:Adhikari 2022 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6722: 6715: 6710: 6703: 6698: 6691: 6686: 6679: 6674: 6666: 6664:0-415-35384-X 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6642: 6635: 6634:Schaller 2005 6630: 6628: 6612: 6611: 6606: 6599: 6592: 6587: 6580: 6575: 6573: 6566:, p. 24. 6565: 6560: 6558: 6550: 6545: 6543: 6536:, p. 76. 6535: 6530: 6523: 6518: 6511: 6506: 6490: 6486: 6485: 6480: 6473: 6471: 6464:, p. 95. 6463: 6458: 6456: 6448: 6443: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6414: 6409: 6402: 6396:, p. 22. 6395: 6390: 6383: 6378: 6372:, p. 88. 6371: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6352: 6351:Verbeeck 2020 6347: 6340: 6335: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6309: 6302: 6296:, p. 87. 6295: 6290: 6288: 6280: 6279:Weisbord 2003 6275: 6268: 6263: 6256: 6251: 6244: 6239: 6237: 6230:, p. 13. 6229: 6224: 6217: 6212: 6205: 6200: 6193: 6188: 6181: 6176: 6169: 6164: 6157: 6155: 6148: 6141: 6136: 6129: 6127: 6120: 6113: 6108: 6101: 6096: 6089: 6084: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6023: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5992: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5961: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5930: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5899: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5869: 5853: 5849: 5848: 5843: 5836: 5820: 5816: 5815: 5810: 5804: 5788: 5784: 5783: 5778: 5771: 5764: 5760: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5739: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5717: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5695: 5676: 5669: 5663: 5644: 5640: 5634: 5627: 5626: 5618: 5610: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5595: 5587: 5579: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5564: 5556: 5549: 5537: 5533: 5532: 5527: 5520: 5518: 5502: 5498: 5492: 5485: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5431: 5423: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5407: 5398: 5391: 5387: 5381: 5377: 5376: 5368: 5350: 5346: 5345: 5340: 5336: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5314:(1): 92–104. 5313: 5309: 5304: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5272: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5236: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5219: 5218: 5213: 5209: 5206: 5200: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5172: 5168: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5137: 5133: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5105: 5098: 5086: 5082: 5075: 5059: 5055: 5054: 5049: 5042: 5026: 5022: 5016: 5000: 4996: 4990: 4986: 4985: 4977: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4944: 4931: 4927: 4921: 4917: 4916: 4908: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4857: 4842: 4835: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4805: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4788: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4758: 4742: 4738: 4737: 4732: 4725: 4709: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4693: 4691: 4671: 4667: 4659: 4653: 4637: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4621: 4605: 4601: 4600: 4595: 4588: 4572: 4568: 4567: 4562: 4555: 4539: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4522: 4506: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4489: 4487: 4470: 4466: 4465: 4460: 4453: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4420: 4413:. p. xi. 4412: 4408: 4404: 4398: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4372: 4371: 4366: 4359: 4351: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4320: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4245: 4238: 4233: 4225: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4194: 4186: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4135: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4114: 4106: 4102: 4088: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4066: 4059: 4053: 4046: 4040: 4033: 4027: 4020: 4014: 4007: 4001: 3999: 3991: 3985: 3981: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3821: 3817: 3815: 3810: 3806: 3801: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3778:The Economist 3773: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3757: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3714: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3682: 3680: 3675: 3674: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3648: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3627: 3622: 3619: 3618:Monde Chinois 3614: 3613: 3608: 3600: 3584: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3549:Sachsenhausen 3546: 3539: 3536: 3529: 3527: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3513:in the USSR, 3512: 3507: 3499: 3495: 3488: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3455:, Lithuania, 3454: 3453:Liechtenstein 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3371: 3360: 3357: 3346: 3343: 3332: 3331: 3330: 3323: 3312: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3300:United States 3290: 3285: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3256: 3253: 3242: 3240:, 4 June 2024 3239: 3228: 3226:, 23 May 2023 3225: 3214: 3211: 3200: 3197: 3186: 3183: 3172: 3169: 3158: 3155: 3144: 3141: 3130: 3128:, 7 July 2023 3127: 3116: 3113: 3102: 3099: 3088: 3085: 3074: 3071: 3060: 3057: 3046: 3043: 3032: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3010: 3007: 2996: 2993: 2982: 2979: 2968: 2965: 2954: 2951: 2940: 2937: 2926: 2923: 2912: 2909: 2898: 2895: 2884: 2881: 2870: 2867: 2856: 2853: 2842: 2839: 2828: 2825: 2814: 2811: 2800: 2797: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2722:United States 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2570: 2563: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2473:the Holocaust 2468: 2464: 2460: 2447: 2439: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2415: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2382: 2376: 2374: 2369: 2367: 2366: 2355: 2350: 2347: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2324:Mustafa Kemal 2322: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2308: 2304: 2303:New Democracy 2300: 2292: 2287: 2280: 2263: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2144:French Senate 2141: 2138: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2072:United States 2070: 2066: 2062: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1943: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1909:1991 uprising 1906: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1862: 1855: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1824:these peoples 1821: 1817: 1813: 1805: 1800: 1798: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1780: 1775: 1773: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1750: 1748: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1730: 1725: 1723: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1705: 1700: 1698: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1659:Boris Yeltsin 1655: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1593: 1589: 1566: 1559: 1548: 1542: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1519:Boris Yeltsin 1514: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1503:Lutz Kleveman 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1467:Eric Margolis 1464: 1463:Nicolas Werth 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1439: 1432: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1381: 1367: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1343: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1222: 1216: 1209: 1204: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1161: 1159: 1154: 1153:frontier wars 1150: 1145: 1142: 1141:Lionel Murphy 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1086:Robert Hughes 1083: 1075: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1047: 1043: 1042: 1036: 1034: 1028: 1026: 1025:David Olusoga 1021: 1017: 1013: 1008: 1006: 1001: 1000: 995: 987: 983: 978: 974: 971: 967: 955: 949: 946: 939: 930: 928: 923: 919: 915: 910: 908: 904: 900: 896: 890: 887: 880: 864: 857: 843: 839: 835: 828: 814: 810: 809:Wall of Truth 806: 804: 800: 796: 788: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 739: 735: 731: 727: 724: 719: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 690: 686: 681: 674: 663: 661: 657: 656:Nadhim Zahawi 653: 648: 646: 642: 638: 637:former prison 634: 630: 611: 606: 604: 600: 599: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 558: 542: 540: 536: 531: 526: 520: 516: 509:United States 506: 504: 500: 496: 492: 487: 477: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 429: 419: 417: 413: 409: 405: 395: 393: 392:German Empire 389: 385: 381: 380:the Holocaust 377: 373: 367: 363: 359: 355: 345: 343: 339: 335: 331: 330:Phil Fontaine 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 306:the Holocaust 304:(1932–1933), 303: 299: 295: 289: 285: 281: 277: 262: 259: 257: 253: 249: 238: 233: 231: 226: 224: 219: 218: 216: 215: 212: 209: 208: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 179: 178: 177: 173: 172: 165: 162: 160: 157: 156: 155: 152: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 134: 132: 128: 125: 124: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 94: 90: 88: 85: 83: 80: 78: 75: 73: 70: 68: 65: 63: 60: 58: 55: 54: 53: 52: 48: 47: 43: 39: 38: 35: 29: 28: 24: 20: 19: 16: 17838:21st century 17795:Ratko Mladić 17719:20th century 17662:Belzec trial 17446: 17426:Genocide law 17286:Death squads 17196:Mass killing 17106:Autogenocide 16990:21st century 16753:1946 to 1999 16625:(1935–1945) 16583:Libyan Arabs 16448:1913 to 1945 16109:1490 to 1913 15925: 15921: 15905:. Springer. 15902: 15874:(1): 45–64. 15871: 15867: 15841: 15830:Google Books 15828:– via 15802: 15761: 15737:(1): 35–45. 15734: 15728: 15698:(1): 44–53. 15695: 15689: 15654: 15648: 15635: 15629: 15602:. New York: 15599: 15579: 15556: 15552: 15521: 15510:Google Books 15508:– via 15482: 15450: 15447:Taylor, Rebe 15439:Kiernan, Ben 15435:Taylor, Rebe 15427:Google Books 15425:– via 15391: 15364: 15339: 15333: 15325:Google Books 15323:– via 15305: 15279: 15273: 15246: 15235:Google Books 15233:– via 15215: 15183: 15171:. Retrieved 15164:the original 15135: 15129: 15099: 15073: 15046:(1): 29–44. 15043: 15039: 15010: 14973: 14960: 14939: 14908: 14880: 14874: 14839: 14813:The Last Man 14812: 14803: 14796: 14784:. Retrieved 14764: 14760: 14745:Google Books 14743:– via 14726: 14721: 14691: 14661: 14650:Google Books 14648:– via 14630: 14589: 14566: 14554: 14548: 14516: 14486: 14482: 14473: 14447: 14422: 14418: 14391: 14388:Gaunt, David 14363: 14359: 14324: 14316:Google Books 14314:– via 14296: 14272: 14260:. Retrieved 14222:Rafał Lemkin 14221: 14191: 14172: 14155: 14140:cite journal 14115: 14111: 14094: 14090: 14071: 14052: 14049:Boyce, James 14033:(1): 18–32. 14030: 14026: 14005: 13999: 13979: 13950: 13911: 13908:Taylor, Rebe 13900:Kiernan, Ben 13882: 13878: 13859: 13819: 13797: 13785:Bibliography 13759: 13756:Tsang, Steve 13716: 13692:. Retrieved 13686: 13677: 13665:. Retrieved 13661: 13652: 13640:. Retrieved 13636:ProRepublica 13635: 13626: 13614:. Retrieved 13602: 13590: 13581: 13571: 13562: 13553: 13544: 13521: 13512: 13503: 13494: 13485:The Guardian 13483: 13473: 13462: 13441: 13435: 13425: 13413:. Retrieved 13399: 13390: 13381: 13372: 13360:. Retrieved 13356: 13346: 13335: 13326: 13314:. Retrieved 13308: 13303:Kirby, Jen. 13298: 13286:. Retrieved 13279: 13270: 13261: 13254:. Retrieved 13243: 13231:. Retrieved 13225: 13215: 13203:. Retrieved 13197: 13187: 13175:. Retrieved 13171:The Guardian 13169: 13159: 13147:. Retrieved 13134: 13122:. Retrieved 13105: 13093:. Retrieved 13087: 13077: 13065:. Retrieved 13051: 13039:. Retrieved 13025: 13013:. Retrieved 12999: 12991:The Guardian 12990: 12980: 12968:. Retrieved 12951:The Guardian 12949: 12939: 12927:. Retrieved 12908: 12898: 12886:. Retrieved 12875: 12850:. Retrieved 12836: 12824:. Retrieved 12806: 12769: 12763: 12757: 12744: 12740: 12730: 12719: 12709: 12697:. Retrieved 12692: 12682: 12670:. Retrieved 12665: 12660:Judah, Ben. 12646:(in German). 12643: 12630: 12614: 12596: 12589: 12565: 12558: 12539: 12535: 12529: 12520: 12515: 12508:Gilbert 1989 12503: 12496:Gilbert 1989 12491: 12468: 12458: 12447:the original 12434: 12422:. Retrieved 12417: 12408: 12396:. Retrieved 12392:the original 12378: 12366:. 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