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behind the protuberance. If the fetus has testes and the testes produce testosterone, and if the cells of the genitals respond to the testosterone, the outer urogenital folds swell and fuse in the midline to produce the scrotum; the protuberance grows larger and straighter to form the penis; the
939:
are flat worms widely used in biological research. There are sexual and asexual planaria. Sexual planaria are hermaphrodites, possessing both testicles and ovaries. Each planarian transports its excretion to the other planarian, giving and receiving sperm.
1048:
can take place. Within each pollen grain is a male gametophyte, which consists of only three cells. In most flowering plants, the female gametophyte within the ovule consists of only seven cells. Thus there are no sex organs as such.
861:) have this orifice, from which they excrete both urine and feces in addition to serving reproductive functions. Excretory systems with analogous purpose in certain invertebrates are also sometimes referred to as cloacae.
785:
The development of the internal and external reproductive organs is determined by hormones produced by certain fetal gonads (ovaries or testicles) and the cells' response to them. The initial appearance of the
1202:
446:, while males have only one for the urethra. Male and female genitals have many nerve endings, resulting in pleasurable and highly sensitive touch. In most human societies, particularly in
1684:
821:
affecting the structure and function of genitalia, they form an organ system that evolves rapidly. A great variety of genital form and function may therefore be found among animals.
337:
during sperm transfer"; female genitalia are defined as "those parts of the female reproductive tract that make direct contact with male genitalia or male products (sperm,
1725:
1074:
Similar gametangia that are similar are known as isogametangia. While male and female gametangia are known as heterogametangia, which occurs in the majority of fungi.
1192:
908:
mating and the deposition of eggs are known collectively as the external genitalia, although they may be largely internal; their components are very diverse in form.
1764:
742:
304:. They also produce most of the primary hormones that affect sexual development, and regulate other sexual organs and sexually differentiated behaviors.
1276:
2394:
1416:
1071:. In some fungi, the sex organs are indistinguishable from each other but, in other cases, male and female sex organs are clearly different.
1705:
1680:
1313:
1235:
2279:
2063:
1979:
1250:
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of offspring. Sex organs are found in many species of animals and plants, with their features varying depending on the species.
1907:
736:
234:
997:, which in turn develop into gametophytes. Any sex organs that are produced by the plant will develop on the gametophyte. The
1917:
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1863:
1824:
1797:
1722:
1657:
1623:
1596:
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1542:
1400:
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333:, male genitalia are more strictly defined as "all male structures that are inserted in the female or that hold her near her
1830:
782:, determines the direction of the differentiation. The absence of it allows the gonads to continue to develop into ovaries.
2387:
1723:
Nature's Nether
Regions: What the Sex Lives of Bugs, Birds, and Beasts Tell Us About Evolution, Biodiversity, and Ourselves
1743:"Male reproductive behaviour of Naja oxiana (Eichwald, 1831) in captivity, with a case of unilateral hemipenile prolapse"
1094:
1948:
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837:) serves as the only opening for the reproductive, digestive, and urinary tracts (if present) in both sexes. All
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704:
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involves the union of the male and female germ cells, sperm and egg cells respectively. Pollen is produced in
2314:
1280:
953:
403:
1389:
switze, International
Conference on Comparative Physiology 1992 Crans; Bassau, Short & (4 August 1994).
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17:
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1972:
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likewise produce their sexually reproductive structures within the gametophytes contained within the
2038:
1307:
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The reproductive system of gastropods (slugs and snails) varies greatly from one group to another.
249:
2319:
693:
1701:
2235:
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2026:
2021:
1965:
1757:"Page:The Works of William Harvey (part 1 of 2).djvu/283 - Wikisource, the free online library"
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1615:
Male and Female
Circumcision: Medical, Legal, and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice
1586:
1532:
2339:
1176:
966:
898:
195:, but the sex organs themselves are inside the gametophytes within the pollen and the ovule.
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inner urogenital swellings grow, wrap around the penis, and fuse in the midline to form the
2274:
1229:
748:
645:
330:
1649:
Fanaroff and Martin's
Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine E-Book: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant
8:
2832:
2171:
2139:
1430:
Langerhans, R. Brian; Anderson, Christopher M.; Heinen-Kay, Justa L. (6 September 2016).
521:
447:
379:
207:
71:
67:
2403:
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2262:
2247:
1510:
1410:
814:, such as patterns of pubic and facial hair and female breasts that emerge at puberty.
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2004:
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1619:
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Eberhard, W.G., 1985. Sexual
Selection and Animal Genitalia. Harvard University Press
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435:
368:
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Manoharachary, C.; Tilak, K. V. B. R.; Mallaiah, K. V.; Kunwar, I. K. (1 May 2016).
1514:
2594:
2525:
2242:
2124:
1612:
Hodges, Frederick
Mansfield S.; Denniston, George C.; Milos, Marilyn Fayre (2007).
1528:
1492:
1443:
818:
791:
650:
604:
541:
451:
375:
245:
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Purves, William K.; Sadava, David E.; Orians, Gordon H.; Heller, H. Craig (2001).
1786:
Purves, William K.; Sadava, David E.; Orians, Gordon H.; Heller, H. Craig (2001).
296:
following female development. As primary sex organs, gonads generate reproductive
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1709:
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represents a primary factor for genital evolution. Male genitalia show traits of
188:
2800:
2710:
2658:
2515:
2080:
1009:, have small gametophytes that develop inside the pollen grains (male) and the
893:
858:
656:
618:
443:
338:
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2225:
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2102:
2068:
1506:
1457:
1302:
1224:
1109:
1045:
959:
587:
492:
359:. However, gonads most likely evolved independently several times. At first,
329:, given the great variety in organs, physiologies, and behaviors involved in
79:
958:
In most plant species, an individual has both male and female sex organs (a
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Penile and clitoral structures are present in some birds and some reptiles.
2720:
2361:
2213:
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2085:
2031:
1465:
1328:
1119:
1104:
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800:
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599:
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are the rest of the reproductive system, whether internal or external. The
200:
144:, visible at birth in both sexes, while the inner parts are referred to as
42:
1306:
870:
fish is determined by the shape of a fleshy tube behind the anus known as
74:
of an organism. Sex organs are responsible for producing and transporting
2805:
2730:
2631:
2493:
2478:
2372:
1448:
1431:
1239:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 2–5.
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180:
51:
47:
37:
582:
2775:
2648:
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2425:
2417:
2411:
1702:
Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection
1561:
Daphne's Dance: True Tales in the
Evolution of Woman's Sexual Awareness
998:
978:
970:
830:
752:
707: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
661:
552:
526:
176:
105:
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128:. The testicle in the male and the ovary in the female are called the
2747:
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2201:
2166:
2154:
1084:
846:
838:
756:
1879:
Heritage, J.; Evans, E. G. V.; Killington, R. A. (26 January 1996).
682:
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2218:
2119:
936:
572:
536:
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487:
413:
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and pollen. The cones and pollen are not themselves sexual organs.
192:
113:
101:
1646:
Martin, Richard J.; Fanaroff, Avory A.; Walsh, Michele C. (2014).
1228:
810:
The process of sexual differentiation includes the development of
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2014:
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In animals (including humans), the male sex organs include the
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83:
1909:
Mycology and
Microbiology (A Textbook for UG and PG Courses)
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241:
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2770:
2700:
2553:
2535:
2453:
2438:
2433:
2009:
1317:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
771:
463:
172:
168:
90:
32:
2795:
2760:
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2500:
2483:
1988:
768:
764:
322:, is used to describe the externally visible sex organs.
301:
1851:
1785:
1878:
1957:
1936:
1940:
The
Evolution of Primary Sexual Characters in Animals
1691:
Trends in
Ecology & Evolution 19.2 (2004): 87-93.
1611:
1151:
Anatomy and Physiology: Understanding the Human Body
288:, a pair of internal sex organs, which diverge into
1645:
1253:. Biology.clc.uc.edu. 16 March 2001. Archived from
743:
List of homologues of the human reproductive system
206:Together, the sex organs constitute an organism's
1937:Leonard, Janet L.; Córdoba-Aguilar, Alex (2010).
794:with a small protuberance in the middle, and the
2824:
1527:
1178:ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
151:In plants, male reproductive structures include
1279:. Emc.maricopa.edu. 18 May 2010. Archived from
450:ones, exposure of the genitals is considered a
179:for reproductive organs, which are part of the
66:, is a part of an organism that is involved in
27:Biological part involved in sexual reproduction
1557:
1432:"Causes and Consequences of Genital Evolution"
1361:
2388:
1973:
1154:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 25.
89:Sex organs are typically differentiated into
1591:. Oxford University Press, US. p. 219.
1537:. University of Chicago Press. p. 583.
1388:
132:. All other sex-related organs are known as
1584:
1415:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
341:) during or immediately after copulation".
2402:
2395:
2381:
1980:
1966:
1885:. Cambridge University Press. p. 19.
1652:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1522.
1395:. Cambridge University Press. p. 54.
1362:Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas (30 August 2007).
159:. Female reproductive structures, such as
148:, which in both sexes, are always hidden.
1496:
1447:
723:Learn how and when to remove this message
660:Human female external sex organs (shaved
457:In humans, sex organs/genitalia include:
438:, females have two genital orifices, the
268:Learn how and when to remove this message
1521:
1481:"Sexual selection and genital evolution"
1368:. Oxford University Press. p. 252.
1301:
1223:
1044:, which has the ovule at its base where
892:
655:
546:
240:Relevant discussion may be found on the
31:
1478:
1295:
1143:
1141:
790:genitalia looks female-like: a pair of
551:Human male external sex organs (shaved
355:It is hard to find a common origin for
14:
2825:
1912:. Scientific Publishers. p. 328.
1681:Sexual selection and genital evolution
1679:Hosken, David J., and Paula Stockley."
1534:Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
737:Development of the reproductive system
252:to additional sources at this section.
167:and receive pollen for fertilization.
2376:
1961:
1588:Unpopular Privacy: What Must We Hide?
1217:
1147:
751:, sex organs originate from a common
382:that are driven by sexual selection.
1174:
1138:
993:. The sporophyte produces spores by
705:adding citations to reliable sources
676:
217:
112:; the female sex organs include the
70:. Sex organs constitute the primary
2076:Heterogametic sex / Homogametic sex
1943:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1812:
1558:Brigitta Olsen (15 November 2009).
1436:Integrative and Comparative Biology
1181:. Blue Rose Publishers. p. 14.
1095:Genital modification and mutilation
911:
419:genitals for males consists of the
292:following male development or into
155:in flowering plants, which produce
136:. The outer parts are known as the
82:and supporting the development and
24:
1930:
1833:from the original on 10 April 2023
1767:from the original on 25 March 2023
1205:from the original on 19 March 2023
1198:American Museum of Natural History
833:, a single posterior orifice (the
803:. Each sex organ in one sex has a
427:; for females, it consists of the
233:relies largely or entirely upon a
25:
2844:
1392:The Differences Between the Sexes
932:Reproductive system of planarians
918:Reproductive system of gastropods
2357:
2356:
2150:Evolution of sexual reproduction
1813:Pal, Nishant (6 December 2021).
877:
845:, some fish, and a few mammals (
824:
812:secondary sexual characteristics
681:
351:Evolution of sexual reproduction
222:
1899:
1872:
1845:
1806:
1779:
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1735:
1715:
1694:
1673:
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1605:
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1551:
1472:
1423:
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989:produces sperm or egg cells by
692:needs additional citations for
175:, and some similar plants have
2258:Sexual reproduction in animals
1365:The Evolution of Organ Systems
1346:
1321:
1277:"Flowering Plant Reproduction"
1269:
1243:
1185:
1168:
672:
390:
213:
13:
1:
1585:Anita Allen (November 2011).
1564:. Brigitta Olsen. p. 9.
1131:
954:Plant reproductive morphology
404:Mammalian reproductive system
374:A consensus has emerged that
163:in flowering plants, produce
2130:Sex as a biological variable
2113:Simultaneous hermaphroditism
1855:Life: The Science of Biology
1789:Life: The Science of Biology
1712:Nature 393.6687 (1998): 784.
344:
7:
1819:. Independently Published.
1618:. Springer US. p. 10.
1308:"Reproductive System"
1077:
925:
10:
2849:
2268:Penile-vaginal intercourse
2108:Sequential hermaphroditism
1858:. Macmillan. p. 665.
1792:. Macmillan. p. 176.
1479:Simmons, Leigh W. (2014).
1115:Obstetrics and gynaecology
1056:
1016:
975:alternation of generations
950:Alternation of generations
947:
929:
915:
904:The organs concerned with
889:Insect reproductive system
886:
882:
740:
734:
401:
395:
385:
348:
318:, sometimes anglicized as
78:, as well as facilitating
2746:
2666:
2657:
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2424:
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2305:
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2098:Testis-determining factor
1995:
1882:Introductory Microbiology
1175:Deol, Pooja Soni (2023).
1148:Clark, Robert K. (2005).
1021:In flowering plants, the
943:
780:testis determining factor
774:, usually located on the
408:Human reproductive system
2039:Sex-determination system
1052:
1025:contain the sex organs.
899:genitalia of Lepidoptera
1987:
1721:Schilthuizen, M. 2014.
1708:27 January 2012 at the
1687:12 October 2017 at the
1333:Encyclopædia Britannica
1314:Encyclopædia Britannica
1236:Encyclopædia Britannica
1028:Sexual reproduction in
412:The visible portion of
300:containing inheritable
2404:Human regional anatomy
2022:Sexual differentiation
1036:and is carried to the
901:
817:Because of the strong
665:
556:
55:
36:The sex organs of the
2064:Temperature-dependent
896:
659:
550:
402:Further information:
35:
1728:14 June 2023 at the
763:into male or female
749:prenatal development
701:improve this article
522:Bulbourethral glands
308:Secondary sex organs
246:improve this article
134:secondary sex organs
2280:Hormonal motivation
2253:Fungal reproduction
2172:Reproductive system
1230:"Pollination"
1193:"Parts of a Flower"
380:divergent evolution
208:reproductive system
191:produce pollen and
72:sex characteristics
68:sexual reproduction
2285:Human reproduction
2263:Sexual intercourse
2248:Plant reproduction
1700:Arnqvist, Göran. "
1485:Austral Entomology
1449:10.1093/icb/icw101
1251:"Mosses and Ferns"
1063:The sex organs in
902:
666:
646:Bartholin's glands
557:
282:primary sex organs
146:internal genitalia
142:external genitalia
130:primary sex organs
64:reproductive organ
62:, also known as a
56:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2370:
2369:
2290:Lordosis behavior
2005:Sexual dimorphism
1919:978-93-86102-13-3
1892:978-0-521-44977-9
1865:978-0-7167-3873-2
1826:979-8-7799-0473-5
1799:978-0-7167-3873-2
1761:en.wikisource.org
1659:978-0-32329-537-6
1625:978-0-58539-937-9
1598:978-0-19-514137-5
1571:978-0-9842117-0-8
1544:978-0-226-87013-7
1498:10.1111/aen.12053
1402:978-0-521-44878-9
1375:978-0-19-856668-7
1283:on 8 October 2012
985:gametophyte. The
778:and encoding the
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669:
444:urethral openings
436:placental mammals
369:natural selection
278:
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197:Coniferous plants
50:(red) and female
16:(Redirected from
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2595:Vertebral column
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2243:Sexual selection
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912:Slugs and snails
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792:urogenital folds
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452:public indecency
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2325:Human sexuality
2315:Plant sexuality
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1257:on 28 July 2012
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872:genital papilla
859:marsupial moles
827:
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619:Fallopian tubes
532:Vasa deferentia
410:
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367:evolved due to
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2081:Sex chromosome
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2012:
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1471:
1442:(4): 741–751.
1422:
1401:
1381:
1374:
1354:
1345:
1320:
1305:, ed. (1911).
1303:Chisholm, Hugh
1294:
1268:
1242:
1227:, ed. (1911).
1225:Chisholm, Hugh
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1057:Main article:
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930:Main article:
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887:Main article:
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829:In many other
826:
823:
735:Main article:
731:
730:
689:
687:
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671:
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667:
654:
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651:Skene's glands
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349:Main article:
346:
343:
339:spermatophores
276:
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244:. Please help
230:
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26:
9:
6:
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2:
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2295:Pelvic thrust
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2226:Fertilization
2224:
2220:
2217:
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2207:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
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2192:Gametogenesis
2190:
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2125:parasexuality
2123:
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2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2103:Hermaphrodite
2101:
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2096:
2092:
2089:
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2079:
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2069:Haplodiploidy
2067:
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2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
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2006:
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1994:
1990:
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1942:
1941:
1935:
1934:
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1875:
1867:
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1816:Plant Biology
1809:
1801:
1795:
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1782:
1766:
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1752:
1744:
1738:
1732:. Penguin USA
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1161:9780763748166
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1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1110:Intimate part
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:are known as
1066:
1060:
1050:
1047:
1046:fertilization
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
963:
961:
960:hermaphrodite
955:
951:
941:
938:
933:
923:
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909:
907:
900:
895:
890:
878:Invertebrates
875:
873:
869:
865:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
825:Other animals
822:
820:
815:
813:
808:
807:counterpart.
806:
802:
797:
793:
789:
783:
781:
777:
773:
770:
766:
762:
761:differentiate
758:
755:during early
754:
750:
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738:
727:
724:
716:
706:
702:
696:
695:
690:This section
688:
684:
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299:
295:
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287:
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261:
251:
247:
243:
237:
236:
235:single source
231:This section
229:
220:
219:
211:
209:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
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139:
135:
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127:
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119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
96:
92:
87:
85:
81:
80:fertilization
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
53:
49:
46:are the male
45:
44:
39:
34:
30:
19:
2626:
2544:Adam's apple
2214:spermatozoon
2176:
2142:reproduction
2091:Y chromosome
2086:X chromosome
2032:Virilization
2027:Feminization
1939:
1908:
1901:
1881:
1874:
1854:
1847:
1835:. Retrieved
1815:
1808:
1788:
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1760:
1751:
1737:
1717:
1696:
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1648:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1614:
1607:
1587:
1580:
1560:
1553:
1533:
1523:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1391:
1384:
1364:
1357:
1348:
1336:. Retrieved
1332:
1323:
1312:
1297:
1285:. Retrieved
1281:the original
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:the original
1245:
1234:
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1196:
1187:
1177:
1170:
1150:
1120:Oophorectomy
1105:Hysterectomy
1090:Emasculation
1073:
1062:
1027:
1020:
964:
957:
935:
921:
903:
866:
863:
855:golden moles
828:
816:
809:
801:penile raphe
784:
776:Y chromosome
746:
719:
710:
699:Please help
694:verification
691:
612:
611:
600:Labia minora
595:Labia majora
561:
560:
527:Epididymides
510:
509:
476:
475:
456:
448:conservative
433:
411:
399:
373:
354:
324:
319:
315:
307:
306:
281:
279:
264:
255:
232:
205:
150:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
106:epididymides
99:
88:
63:
59:
57:
41:
29:
18:Genital area
1665:24 November
1631:24 November
1491:(1): 1–17.
1125:Orchiectomy
999:seed plants
987:gametophyte
971:land plants
897:The female
831:vertebrates
747:In typical
713:August 2021
673:Development
391:Vertebrates
325:In general
258:August 2021
214:Terminology
181:gametophyte
38:green algae
2833:Sex organs
2711:Fingernail
2275:Copulation
1996:Biological
1132:References
1069:gametangia
1013:(female).
979:sporophyte
977:between a
967:life cycle
847:monotremes
839:amphibians
805:homologous
753:primordium
741:See also:
662:pubic hair
553:pubic hair
331:copulation
177:gametangia
52:archegonia
48:antheridia
2627:Genitalia
2330:Mechanics
2307:Sexuality
2202:Oogenesis
2177:Sex organ
2167:Germ cell
2155:Anisogamy
1507:2052-1758
1458:1540-7063
1411:cite book
1338:21 August
1085:Andrology
973:involves
841:, birds,
757:gestation
605:Vestibule
537:Testicles
417:mammalian
414:eutherian
345:Evolution
316:genitalia
290:testicles
250:citations
242:talk page
193:egg cells
102:testicles
60:sex organ
2827:Category
2756:Buttocks
2676:Shoulder
2511:Mandible
2444:Forehead
2362:Category
2340:Activity
2236:Internal
2231:External
2120:Intersex
1837:25 March
1831:Archived
1771:25 March
1765:Archived
1726:Archived
1706:Archived
1685:Archived
1531:(1992).
1515:53690631
1466:27600556
1287:1 August
1261:1 August
1209:19 March
1203:Archived
1078:See also
1003:conifers
937:Planaria
926:Planaria
843:reptiles
613:Internal
573:Clitoris
562:External
517:Prostate
511:Internal
488:Foreskin
477:External
335:gonopore
320:genitals
284:are the
138:genitals
122:oviducts
114:clitoris
97:types.
2801:Toenail
2691:Forearm
2637:Scrotum
2583:Midriff
2573:Abdomen
2566:(Trunk)
2516:Occiput
2459:Eyebrow
2187:Meiosis
2160:Isogamy
1745:. 2018.
1329:"Gonad"
1034:stamens
1023:flowers
1017:Flowers
995:meiosis
991:mitosis
983:haploid
883:Insects
851:tenrecs
796:urethra
624:Ovaries
505:Scrotum
440:vaginal
425:scrotum
396:Mammals
386:Animals
365:ovaries
327:zoology
298:gametes
294:ovaries
185:flowers
161:pistils
153:stamens
118:ovaries
76:gametes
54:(brown)
2736:Little
2726:Middle
2706:Finger
2681:Axilla
2622:Pelvis
2615:Nipple
2610:Breast
2605:Thorax
2549:Throat
2526:Temple
2489:Tongue
2469:Eyelid
2209:Gamete
2182:Mating
2140:Sexual
2015:Female
1947:
1916:
1889:
1862:
1823:
1796:
1656:
1622:
1595:
1568:
1541:
1513:
1505:
1464:
1456:
1399:
1372:
1158:
1042:carpel
1038:pistil
981:and a
944:Plants
906:insect
868:Sexing
857:, and
835:cloaca
767:. The
641:Vagina
634:Cervix
629:Uterus
469:Female
361:testes
357:gonads
286:gonads
183:. The
169:Mosses
165:ovules
157:pollen
126:vagina
124:, and
108:, and
95:female
2786:Ankle
2766:Thigh
2721:Index
2716:Thumb
2696:Wrist
2686:Elbow
2659:Limbs
2642:Vulva
2632:Penis
2588:Navel
2578:Waist
2564:Torso
2521:Scalp
2494:Tooth
2479:Mouth
2449:Cheek
1998:terms
1511:S2CID
1065:fungi
1053:Fungi
1011:ovule
788:fetal
765:sexes
578:Glans
568:Vulva
498:Glans
493:Shaft
483:Penis
429:vulva
421:penis
314:term
312:Latin
201:cones
173:ferns
110:penis
84:birth
43:Chara
2806:Sole
2791:Heel
2781:Foot
2776:Calf
2771:Knee
2731:Ring
2701:Hand
2649:Anus
2600:Back
2554:Nape
2536:Neck
2474:Nose
2454:Chin
2439:Face
2434:Hair
2426:Head
2418:Skin
2412:Body
2219:ovum
2010:Male
1945:ISBN
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