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2994:. From two separate interviews in 2003, Powell stated in one about the 1973 event: "I can't justify or explain the actions and decisions that were made at that time. It was a different time. There was a great deal of concern about communism in this part of the world. Communism was a threat to the democracies in this part of the world. It was a threat to the United States." In another interview, he also simply stated: "With respect to your earlier comment about Chile in the 1970s and what happened with Mr. Allende, it is not a part of American history that we're proud of."
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2970:, acknowledging that the sources who provided much of the information in his February 2003 UN presentation were "wrong" and that it was "unlikely" that any stockpiles of WMDs would be found. Claiming that he was unaware that some intelligence officials questioned the information prior to his presentation, Powell pushed for reform in the intelligence community, including the creation of a national intelligence director who would assure that "what one person knew, everyone else knew".
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1327:, which his commander argued should be upgraded, but army officials believed there was no living eyewitness to testify to Benavidez's heroism. A soldier who had been present during the action in question learned in July 1980 of the effort to upgrade Benavidez's medal and provided the necessary sworn statement; the upgrade to the Medal of Honor was approved in December 1980. Powell also declined an offer from
1384:. In November 1985, Powell solicited and delivered to Weinberger a legal assessment that the transfer of Hawk missiles to Israel or Iran, without Congressional notification, would be "a clear violation" of the law. Despite this, thousands of TOW missiles and hundreds of Hawk missiles and spare parts were transferred from Israel to Iran until the venture was exposed in a Lebanese magazine,
2800:
1291:. The quote was "I can make a brigadier general in five minutes. But it's not so easy to replace one hundred ten horses." Taped to the back of the frame was an envelope with instructions that it not be opened for ten years. When Powell opened the note in 1989, after he had become Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, he read Purviance's prediction that Powell would become
3518:, was ready to be president. He also added that he was "troubled" by the "false intimations that Obama was Muslim." Powell stated that " is a Christian – he's always been a Christian... But the really right answer is, what if he is? Is there something wrong with being a Muslim in this country? The answer's no, that's not America." Powell then mentioned
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2947:
America into a war with the regime in Tehran" cited the DeYoung biography and quoted JINSA's then-executive director, Thomas
Neumann, as "surprised" Powell "would single out a Jewish group when naming those who supported the war." Neumann said, "I am not accusing Powell of anything, but these are words that the antisemites will use in the future".
3665:
trying to drag me in, yet they still try," and complaining that "Hillary's mafia keeps trying to suck me into it" in another email. In another email discussing
Clinton's controversy, Powell said she should have told everyone what she did "two years ago", and said that she has not "been covering herself with glory." Writing on the
3458:, stating: "My role has been very, very straightforward. I wanted to avoid a war. The president agreed with me. We tried to do that. We couldn't get it through the U.N. and when the president made the decision, I supported that decision. And I've never blinked from that. I've never said I didn't support a decision to go to war."
2596:. The mission of the center is to "prepare new generations of publicly engaged leaders from populations previously underrepresented in public service and policy circles, to build a strong culture of civic engagement at City College, and to mobilize campus resources to meet pressing community needs and serve the public good."
3985:
On April 23, 1991, Powell was awarded the
Congressional Gold Medal "in recognition of his exemplary performance as a military leader and advisor to the President in planning and coordinating the military response of the United States to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and the ultimate retreat and defeat
3918:
is traditionally responsible for granting arms to
Commonwealth citizens of Scottish descent. The swords and stars refer to the former general's career, as does the crest, which is the badge of the 101st Airborne (which he served as a brigade commander in the mid-1970s). The lion may be an allusion to
2876:
A Senate report on intelligence failures would later detail the intense debate that went on behind the scenes on what to include in Powell's speech. State
Department analysts had found dozens of factual problems in drafts of the speech. Some of the claims were taken out, but others were left in, such
2727:
My second purpose today is ... to share with you what the United States knows about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction ... Iraq's behavior demonstrate that Saddam
Hussein and his regime have made no effort ... to disarm as required by the international community. Indeed, the facts and Iraq's behavior
4815:"Former Secretary of State Gen. Colin Powell and Mario Cuomo, former governor of New York State, each a former Shabbos goy, both share fond recollections of their youth, when they were uniquely qualified to lend a Jewish neighbor a hand." Fertig, Avi. "Glatt Kosher Adventure To The Land Down Under",
1023:
It was only once I was in college, about six months into college when I found something that I liked, and that was ROTC, Reserve
Officer Training Corps in the military. And I not only liked it, but I was pretty good at it. That's what you really have to look for in life, something that you like, and
3698:
In an interview in
October 2019, Powell warned that the GOP needed to "get a grip" and put the country before their party, standing up to then president Trump rather than worrying about political fallout. He said: "When they see things that are not right, they need to say something about it because
3442:
in
Colorado, Powell stated that he had spent two and a half hours explaining to President Bush "the consequences of going into an Arab country and becoming the occupiers". During this discussion, he insisted that the U.S. appeal to the United Nations first, but if diplomacy failed, he would support
3583:
for not focusing "like a razor blade" on the economy and job creation. Powell reiterated that Obama was a "transformational figure." In a video that aired on CNN.com in
November 2011, Colin Powell said in reference to Barack Obama, "many of his decisions have been quite sound. The financial system
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interview, citing "his ability to inspire, because of the inclusive nature of his campaign, because he is reaching out all across America, because of who he is and his rhetorical abilities", in addition to his "style and substance." He additionally referred to Obama as a "transformational figure".
6687:
President Georgi Parvanov awarded US Secretary of State Colin Powell with the highest Bulgarian order "Stara Planina" for his extraordinary services to the advancement of Bulgarian-American relations and in connection with the 100th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between
6538:
In recognition of your legacy and service, of your courage and accomplishment, today, General Powell, I was honored to present you with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, with distinction. I want to tell all those here in attendance that this was the second Medal of Freedom you have received, the
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he said, "I'm still a Republican. And I think the Republican Party needs me more than the Democratic Party needs me. And you can be a Republican and still feel strongly about issues such as immigration, and improving our education system, and doing something about some of the social problems that
3664:
On September 13, 2016, emails were obtained that revealed Powell's private communications regarding both Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. Powell privately reiterated his comments regarding Clinton's email scandal, writing, "I have told Hillary's minions repeatedly that they are making a mistake
3513:
as the vice presidential candidate, stating that despite the fact that she is admired, "now that we have had a chance to watch her for some seven weeks, I don't believe she's ready to be president of the United States, which is the job of the vice president." He said that Obama's choice for vice
2946:
criticized Powell's remarks as a "blot on his record", accusing Powell of slandering "neoconservatives in the Defense Department β nearly all of them Jews" with "old and wholly unmeritorious allegations of dual loyalty". A 2007 article about fears that Jewish groups "will be accused of driving
3176:
of former Secretaries of Defense and State to discuss United States foreign policy with Bush administration officials. In September 2006, Powell sided with more moderate Senate Republicans in supporting more rights for detainees and opposing President Bush's terrorism bill. He backed Senators
1639:
The following year President Clinton sent newly-retired Powell, together with former President Jimmy Carter and Senator Sam Nunn, to visit Haiti in an effort to persuade General Raoul CΓ©dras and the ruling junta to abdicate in favor of former Haitian President Aristide, under the threat of an
1158:
Soldiers actively hunted, herded, and killed elderly people, children, infants, and raped women while other Soldiers looked on and did nothing to stop the massacre. An estimated 350 to 500 unarmed civilians died in My Lai ... MAJ Colin Powell, a recently assigned Deputy G3, investigated the
3625:
Powell was very vocal on the state of the Republican Party. Speaking at a Washington Ideas forum in early October 2015, he warned the audience that the Republican Party had begun a move to the fringe right, lessening the chances of a Republican White House in the future. He also remarked on
3067:
Although biographer Jeffrey J. Matthews is highly critical of how Powell misled the United Nations Security Council regarding weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, he credits Powell with a series of achievements at the State Department. These include restoration of morale to psychologically
2728:
show that Saddam Hussein and his regime are concealing their efforts to produce more weapons of mass destruction ... every statement I make today is backed up by sources, solid sources. These are not assertions. What we're giving you are facts and conclusions based on solid intelligence.
2997:
1613:, Aspin was more focused on eating salad than listening and paying attention to Powell's presentation on military operations. The incident caused Powell to grow more irritated towards Aspin and led to his early resignation on September 30, 1993. Powell was succeeded temporarily by
3443:
the invasion: "I also had to say to him that you are the President, you will have to make the ultimate judgment, and if the judgment is this isn't working and we don't think it is going to solve the problem, then if military action is undertaken I'm with you, I support you."
6443:
3189:
in their statement that U.S. military and intelligence personnel in future wars will suffer for abuses committed in 2006 by the U.S. in the name of fighting terrorism. Powell stated that "The world is beginning to doubt the moral basis of our fight against terrorism."
1575:, Powell advocated an approach to military conflicts that maximizes the potential for success and minimizes casualties. A component of this approach is the use of overwhelming force, which he applied to Operation Desert Storm in 1991. His approach has been dubbed the
1401:." Following his resignation as Secretary of Defense, Weinberger was indicted on five felony charges, including one count Obstruction of Congress for concealing the notes. Powell was never indicted by the Independent Counsel in connection with the Iran-Contra affair.
2573:, possibly capitalizing on a split conservative vote in Iowa and even leading New Hampshire polls for the GOP nomination, but Powell declined, citing a lack of passion for politics. Powell defeated Clinton 50β38 in a hypothetical match-up proposed to voters in the
2926:
who advocated for the creation of a "U.S.-protected, opposition-run 'liberated' enclave around the southern Iraqi city of Basra". Powell referred to Wolfowitz and other top members of Donald Rumsfeld's staff "as the 'JINSA crowd,' " in reference to the pro-Israel
4047:, Pennsylvania. In his acceptance speech, Powell reminded Americans that "It is for America, the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave, to help freedom ring across the globe, unto all the peoples thereof. That is our solemn obligation, and we will not fail."
3100:, but refrained from advising the senators to oppose Bolton (Powell had clashed with Bolton during Bush's first term). The decision was viewed as potentially dealing significant damage to Bolton's chances of confirmation. Bolton was put into the position via a
2835:
and the capability to rapidly produce more, many more." Powell also stated that there was "no doubt in my mind" that Saddam was working to obtain key components to produce nuclear weapons. Powell stated that he gave his speech to the UN on "four days' notice".
3673:, "Benghazi is a stupid witch hunt." Commenting on Clinton in a general sense, he mused that "Everything HRC touches she kind of screws up with hubris", and in another email stated "I would rather not have to vote for her, although she is a friend I respect."
3805:. President Joe Biden and four of the five living former presidents issued statements calling Powell an American hero. Donald Trump released a statement saying "He made plenty of mistakes, but anyway, may he rest in peace!" and referred to him as a "classic
6399:
They checked it out and found that the last general to get a fifth star was Omar Bradley forty-three years earlier. Powell, they decided, was not Bradley. Besides, as George Stephanopoulos noted, if they gave him one more star, it might help him one day
3530:
who served and died in the Iraq War. He later stated, "Over the last seven weeks, the approach of the Republican Party has become narrower and narrower I look at these kind of approaches to the campaign, and they trouble me." Powell concluded his
1397:, when questioned by Congress, Powell "had given incomplete answers" concerning notes withheld by Weinberger and that the activities of Powell and others in concealing the notes "seemed corrupt enough to meet the new, poorly defined test of
7931:"Remarks at the 2003 Groundhog Job Shadow Day Program, Secretary Colin L. Powell, Remarks and question and answer session with students, Washington, DC, January 31, 2003, excerpt on 1973 Chile coup, Federation of American Scientists"
2680:
by voice vote on January 20, 2001, and ceremonially sworn in on January 26. Over the course of his tenure he traveled less than any other U.S. Secretary of State in thirty years. This is partly attributed to a letter from former diplomat
3597:. He considered the administration to have had success and achieved progress in foreign and domestic policy arenas. As additional reasons for his endorsement, Powell cited the changing positions and perceived lack of thoughtfulness of
3465:
was less consistent. In December 2006, he expressed skepticism that the strategy would work and whether the U.S. military had enough troops to carry it out successfully. He stated: "I am not persuaded that another surge of troops into
3133:) claimed that Powell was in fact "conducting a campaign" against Bolton because of the acrimonious battles they had had while working together, which among other things had resulted in Powell cutting Bolton out of talks with Iran and
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9333:
772:, which limits American military action unless it satisfies criteria regarding American national security interests, overwhelming force, and widespread public support. He served as secretary of state under Republican president
11697:
3059:
In mid-November, Powell stated that he had seen new evidence suggesting that Iran was adapting missiles for a nuclear delivery system. The accusation came at the same time as the settlement of an agreement between Iran, the
3025:
jet fighter over the South China Sea. While somewhat ambiguous, Powell's expression of "very sorry" was accepted as sufficient for the formal apology that China had sought. The incident was nonetheless a serious flare-up in
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1311:. Powell and Carlucci formed a close friendship, referring to each by first names in private, as Powell refused any sort of first-name basis in an official capacity. It was on Powell's advice that newly-elected President
3616:
during ABC's coverage of President Obama's second inauguration, Powell criticized members of the Republican Party who spread "things that demonize the president". He called on GOP leaders to publicly denounce such talk.
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3048:. Powell announced his resignation as Secretary of State on November 15, 2004, shortly after Bush was reelected. Bush's desire for Powell to resign was communicated to Powell via a phone call by Bush's chief of staff,
2839:
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3137:
after complaints about Bolton's involvement from the British. Blumenthal added that "The foreign relations committee has discovered that Bolton made a highly unusual request and gained access to 10 intercepts by the
11709:
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awarded Colin Powell with the Truman Peace Prize for his efforts to conduct the "war against terrorism", through diplomatic as well as military means, and to avert regional and civil conflicts in many parts of the
10215:
4912:
My cousins became lawyers and doctors and judges and I just sort of hung around," he recalled. "I had a straight C average all the way through high school and the City College of New York β I'm not sure how I got
9364:
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had been deposed, Powell's renewed role was to once again establish a working international coalition, this time to assist in the rebuilding of post-war Iraq. On September 13, 2004, Powell testified before the
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6356:
Moreover, for the very reason he admired Colin Powell as the most distinguished living black American, Clinton also feared the general as a potential rival. Bill Clinton had denied Powell his rightful fifth
3474:
and U.S. troops, as well as the Iraqi government, concluding that "it's starting to turn around". By mid-2009, he had concluded a surge of U.S. forces in Iraq should have come sooner, perhaps in late 2003.
2757:(WMDs) was inaccurate. As early as 2000 on the day Powell was nominated to be Secretary of State he told the press "Saddam is sitting on a failed regime that is not going to be around in a few years time".
11758:
8430:
8369:
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our foreign policy is in shambles right now, in my humble judgment, and I see things happening that are hard to understand." On June 7, 2020, Powell announced he would be voting for former Vice President
8035:
7957:"Secretary of State Colin L. Powell, Interview On Black Entertainment Television's Youth Town Hall, February 20, 2003, excerpt on 1973 U.S. covert action in Chile, Federation of American Scientists"
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5400:
1251:, whom he regarded as one of the most caring officers he ever met. Emerson insisted his troops train at night to fight a possible North Korean attack, and made them repeatedly watch the television film
6889:
2897:, later characterized Cheney's view of Powell's mission as to "go up there and sell it, and we'll have moved forward a peg or two. Fall on your damn sword and kill yourself, and I'll be happy, too."
6314:
Mack asked me to secretly research the procedure for awarding a fifth star to a general. If Powell did challenge Clinton, the fifth star would forestall criticism of the general's military record.
9925:
9691:
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1568:. During these events, Powell earned the nickname "the reluctant warrior" β although Powell himself disputed this label, and spoke in favor of the first Bush administration's Gulf War policies.
1196:, "I was in a unit that was responsible for My Lai. I got there after My Lai happened. So, in war, these sorts of horrible things happen every now and again, but they are still to be deplored."
9864:
12844:
9395:
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as the Republican vice presidential nominee, Powell eventually declared himself a Republican and began to campaign for Republican candidates in 1995. He was touted as a possible opponent of
14768:
14718:
9452:
6230:...there is a movement afoot in the U.S. Senate to award an historic fifth star to the nation's first Black Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Gen. Colin L. Powell for his military proficiency.
5785:
3680:
movement, which he called "racist". He suggested the media ignore Trump: "To go on and call him an idiot just emboldens him." The emails were obtained by the media as the result of a hack.
3142:. Staff members on the committee believe that Bolton was probably spying on Powell, his senior advisors and other officials reporting to him on diplomatic initiatives that Bolton opposed."
2721:
777:
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in Washington who had pledged to vote for Clinton, coming in third overall. After Barack Obama, he was the second black person to receive electoral votes in a presidential election.
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3579:, Powell expressed concern over President Obama increasing the size of the federal government and the size of the federal budget deficit. In September 2010, he criticized the
3097:
2907:
Wilkerson later said that he inadvertently participated in a hoax on the American people in preparing Powell's erroneous testimony before the United Nations Security Council.
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for the purposes of suppressing this communitarian violence, this civil war, will work." Following his endorsement of Barack Obama in October 2008, however, Powell praised
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imminent US invasion to remove them by force. Powell status as a retired general well known and respected in Haiti was held to be instrumental in persuading Gen. CΓ©dras.
807:
from Washington state for the office of President of the United States. He won numerous U.S. and foreign military awards and decorations. His civilian awards included the
9302:
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on February 5, 2003, to argue in favor of military action. Citing numerous anonymous Iraqi defectors, Powell asserted that "there can be no doubt that Saddam Hussein has
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first from President Bush in 1991. And today, you became only the second American citizen in the history of the Republic to be the recipient of two Medals of Freedom.
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1095:. From 1960 to 1962, he served as group liaison officer, company executive officer, and commander of Company A, 1st Battle Group, 4th Infantry, 2nd Infantry Brigade,
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5685:(Report). Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. xx, 70, 92, 341, 406β11, 414, 416β17, 421, 423, 427β28, 430β32, 434, 436, 438β40
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2708:, Powell's job became of critical importance in managing the United States of America's relationships with foreign countries to secure a stable coalition in the
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saw him as a great asset associated with the successes of past Republican administrations. Put forth as a potential Democratic vice presidential nominee in the
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1609:, whom he was initially hesitant to support after Aspin was nominated by President Clinton. During a lunch meeting between Powell and Aspin in preparation of
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795:(2012). He pursued a career as a public speaker, addressing audiences across the country and abroad. Before his appointment as Secretary of State he chaired
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2685:, who advised Powell to focus on his duties as the president's principal foreign policy advisor and avoid trips that risked undercutting the duties of the
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1265:; Powell's efforts led to the discharge of one soldier, and other efforts to reduce racial tensions. During 1976β1977 he commanded the 2nd Brigade of the
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to promote racial harmony. Powell always professed that what set Emerson apart was his great love of his soldiers and concern for their welfare. After a
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allegations described in the letter. He proved unable to uncover either wide-spread unnecessary killings, war crimes, or any facts related to My Lai ...
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In September 2009, Powell advised President Obama against surging U.S. forces in Afghanistan. The president announced the surge the following December.
1498:, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. He became the third general since World War II to reach four-star rank without ever serving as a division commander, joining
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After retiring from the role of Secretary of State, Powell returned to private life. In April 2005, he was privately telephoned by Republican senators
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in 1958 and said that he was a "C average" student. "I wasn't doing well in civil engineering". While at CCNY, Powell shifted his study focus to the
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Powell's last military assignment, from October 1989 to September 1993, was as Joint Chiefs of Staff chairman, the highest military position in the
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2881:. The administration came under fire for having acted on faulty intelligence, particularly that which was single-sourced to the informant known as
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On September 30, 1993, Powell was awarded his second Presidential Medal of Freedom, this time with the additional "with distinction" by President
2889:
had joked with him before he gave the speech, telling him, "You've got high poll ratings; you can afford to lose a few points." Powell's longtime
1629:, was initiated and ended in disaster. Powell later defended Aspin, saying in part that he could not fault Aspin for Aspin's decision to remove a
1192:
the news of the massacre, and questions would continue to remain undisclosed to the public. In May 2004, Powell said to television and radio host
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something that you think you're pretty good at. And if you can put those two things together, then you're on the right track, and just drive on.
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3241:, they are the founding donors who offer their support to the museum's capital campaign and Living History campaign. He was an advocate for the
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and responded that it was a "blot" on his record. He went on to say, "It will always be a part of my record. It was painful. It's painful now."
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and that's why I'm supporting Barack Obama, not out of any lack of respect or admiration for Sen. John McCain." Later in a December 12, 2008,
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on December 16, 2000. This made Powell the first person to formally accept a Cabinet post in the Bush administration, as well the first black
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Powell, as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, waves from his motorcade during the Persian Gulf War Welcome Home Parade in New York City.
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holdover from the Clinton administration, pushed the new Bush administration for action against al-Qaeda in Afghanistan, a move opposed by
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in Edinburgh on February 3, 2004. Technically the grant was to Powell's father (a British subject) to be passed on by descent. Scotland's
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Powell endorsed Clinton on October 25, 2016, stating it was "because I think she's qualified, and the other gentleman is not qualified".
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for reassignment away from the Pentagon, with Meyer appointing Powell as assistant division commander for operations and training of the
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comments with "It isn't easy for me to disappoint Sen. McCain in the way that I have this morning, and I regret that I think we need a
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that levels the playing field, without giving a leg up to undeserving persons because of racial issues. Powell originally suggested the
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for bravery after he survived a helicopter crash and single-handedly rescued three others, including division commander Major General
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on graduating in 1958. He was a professional soldier for 35 years, holding many command and staff positions and rising to the rank of
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1621:, who took the position as Acting Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Soon after Powell's resignation, on October 3β4, 1993, the
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Powell was a professional soldier for thirty-five years, holding a variety of command and staff positions and rising to the rank of
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7456:"Lacking Biolabs, Trailers Carried Case for War; Administration Pushed Notion of Banned Iraqi Weapons Despite Evidence to Contrary"
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email account had been made public. He acknowledged a "very personal" email relationship but denied further involvement. He was an
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1126:. The large infection made it difficult for him to walk, and caused his foot to swell for a short time, shortening his first tour.
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Education: City College of New York, B.S. in geology, 1958; George Washington University, M.B.A., 1971; National War College, 1976
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Others want to make him a five-star general. Congress is talking about giving him a fifth silver star, which is very rare.
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occurred, in which African-American soldiers almost killed a white officer, Powell was charged by Emerson to crack down on
894:, helping Orthodox families with needed tasks on the Sabbath. He received a bachelor of science degree in geology from the
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784:, but he later admitted that the speech contained substantial inaccuracies. He resigned after Bush was reelected in 2004.
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8489:"Colin Powell in his final interview accused Trump of attempting to 'overturn the government' by inciting January 6 riot"
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Azure, two swords in saltire points downwards between four mullets Argent, on a chief of the Second a lion passant Gules.
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as "genocide", thus becoming the first cabinet member to apply the term "genocide" to events in an ongoing conflict.
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10294:"Africare to Honor General Colin Powell at 2005 Africare Bishop John T. Walker Memorial Dinner - CSPAN To Broadcast"
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Scotland. The shield can be shown surrounded by the insignia of an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Honorable
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did and just step down. Somebody ought to go up to him and it's over." Powell also accused Trump of attempting to "
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anti-aircraft missiles from Israel to Iran as part of the criminal conspiracy that would later become known as the
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magazine, Powell said, "The truth is, she was using for a year before I sent her a memo telling her what I did."
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McCain won the Republican presidential nomination, but the Democrats nominated the first black candidate, Senator
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Powell's experience in military matters made him a very popular figure with both American political parties. Many
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Powell took an early resignation from his tenure as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on September 30, 1993.
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8886:"Powell endorses Obama for president; Republican ex-Secretary of State calls Democrat 'transformational figure'"
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and created negative feelings towards the United States by the Chinese public and increased public feelings of
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9745:"Statement from Presiding Bishop Michael Curry on the passing of Gen. Colin Powell, former secretary of state"
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following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. December 26, 2004, Tsunami that struck South East Asia
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concluded that the evidence that Powell offered to support the allegation that the Iraqi government possessed
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positions, although Powell never personally acknowledged the label. In 2021, Powell recanted his status as a
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9776:"Colin Powell, former secretary of State who made case for Iraq invasion, dies of Covid complications at 84"
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6645:"Remarks With Bulgarian President Georgi Purvanov At Award Ceremony for the Stara Planina First Order Medal"
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He attended New York City public schools and the City College of New York where he earned a B.S. in Geology.
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Powell called Donald Trump a "national disgrace", with "no sense of shame". He wrote of Trump's role in the
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1295:. Powell wrote that he kept the Lincoln quote as a reminder to remain humble despite his rank and position.
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2931:. Again invoking "the JINSA crowd" Powell also attributed the decision to go to war in Iraq in 2003 to the
2791:. On May 27, 2003, U.S. and British experts examined the trailers and declared they had nothing to do with
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belief that regime change in Baghdad "was a first and necessary stop on the road to peace in Jerusalem."
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that Powell had referred to as a "fine paper" during his presentation had been based on old material and
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1019:(ROTC). He described the experience as one of the happiest experiences of his life. According to Powell:
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4864:. The Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership, The City College of New York. July 2, 2015.
4301:"Colin Powell, trailblazing soldier and statesman who made case for Iraq invasion, dies of Covid at 84"
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Preferred pronunciation of "Powell" rhymes with "trowel" β see Alexander Chancellor, "You Say Tomato",
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3430:." He also asserted: "The world is beginning to doubt the moral basis of our fight against terrorism."
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Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by
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He held the distinction of being the first chairman to have attained his commission through the ROTC.
706:; April 5, 1937 β October 18, 2021) was an American statesman, diplomat, and army officer who was the
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6647:. Presidential Palace, Coat of Arms Hall, Sofia, Bulgaria: US Department of State. December 7, 2004.
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3644:. He compared the race to reality television, and stated that the campaign had gone "into the mud."
3630:'s statements regarding immigrants, noting that there were many immigrants working in Trump hotels.
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9503:"Colin Powell touts Biden's character at DNC: 'We need to restore those values to the White House'"
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2676:. As secretary of state, Powell was perceived as moderate. Powell was unanimously confirmed by the
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8423:"General Colin Powell Joins Salesforce Board Of Directors, As CRM Giant Zeros In On Public Sector"
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5962:. Joint History Office, US Department of Defense. American Forces Press Service. August 10, 1999.
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Powell's coffin is carried by an Armed Forces body bearer team at his funeral on November 5, 2021.
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and educated in the New York City public schools, earning a bachelor's degree in geology from the
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9855:"'Country before self ... before all else': US presidents remember Colin Powell as American hero"
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9143:"Colin Powell Slams 'Idiot Presentations' by Some Republicans, Urges GOP Leaders to 'Speak Out'"
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Powell's last military assignment, from October 1, 1989, to September 30, 1993, was as the 12th
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After he left Fort Carson, Powell became the senior military assistant to Secretary of Defense
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immigrants Maud Ariel (nΓ©e McKoy) and Luther Theophilus Powell. His parents were both of mixed
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Despite not running in the election, Powell received three electoral votes for president from
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exist in our society and our country. I don't think there's anything inconsistent with this."
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7244:"Powell Flies in the Face of Tradition; The Secretary of State Is Least Traveled in 30 Years"
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initiative, resolving a crisis with China, and blocking efforts to tie Saddam Hussein to the
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was selected instead. Intent on attaining a division command, Powell petitioned Carlucci and
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9326:"Here are the juiciest Colin Powell comments about Trump and Clinton from his hacked emails"
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from the Eastern European Jewish shopkeepers and some of the customers. He also served as a
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9231:"Colin Powell Says Hillary Clinton's 'People Have Been Trying to Pin' Email Scandal on Him"
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of Iraqi forces and Iraqi acceptance of all United Nations Resolutions relating to Kuwait."
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automobiles. In 2013, he faced questions about his relationship with the Romanian diplomat
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3426:. Specifically, he objected to the effort in Congress to "redefine Common Article 3 of the
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1180:. Powell wrote: "In direct refutation of this portrayal is the fact that relations between
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8366:"Al Gore, Colin Powell, Caroline Kennedy in Obama's Administration? β Washington Whispers"
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7672:"Falling on His Sword: Colin Powell's most significant moment turned out to be his lowest"
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by Trump supporters, Powell told CNN: "I can no longer call myself a fellow Republican."
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from 2001 to 2005. He was the first African-American to hold the office. He was the 15th
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9658:"Colin Powell insists 'there was no affair then and there is not one now' with diplomat"
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3092:, at which time Powell expressed reservations and mixed reviews about the nomination of
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speaking on behalf of the United States's involvement in recovery efforts following the
2772:. Powell favored involving the international community in the invasion, as opposed to a
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5260:. Ft. Belvoir, VA: The Campaign for the National Museum of the United States Army. 2022
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The head of an American bald-headed eagle erased, the erasure per bend sinister Proper.
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3487:'s campaign in the summer of 2007 and in early 2008, his name was listed as a possible
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interview on NBC with Powell calling for President Trump's resignation, January 8, 2021
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conducted on Election Day. Despite not standing in the race, Powell won the Republican
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The Dragon Roars Back: Transformational Leaders and Dynamics of Chinese Foreign Policy
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secured the Republican nomination, Powell endorsed him for president and spoke at the
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of Illinois. On October 19, 2008, Powell announced his endorsement of Obama during a
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9357:"78 Republican politicians, donors and officials who are supporting Hillary Clinton"
8554:"Colin Powell Shows Support For Gun Control Measures, Including Assault Weapons Ban"
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Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice: Foreign Policy, Race and the New American Century
5426:
4956:"Colin L. Powell | GW's Bicentennial Celebration | The George Washington University"
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List of international trips made by Colin Powell as United States Secretary of State
2611:. Bush won the general election and appointed Powell as secretary of state in 2001.
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1239:, Powell named several officers he served under who inspired and mentored him. As a
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10598:"Gov. Christie visits Union City school opening, hears Democratic mayor praise him"
9949:"Colin Powell is remembered as a down-to-earth statesman and leader at his funeral"
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named Powell as his nominee to be secretary of state in a ceremony at his ranch in
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1372:. Under Weinberger, Powell was also involved in the unlawful transfer of U.S.-made
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While at school, Powell worked at a local baby furniture store, where he picked up
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9918:"Amid tributes to Colin Powell, Donald Trump disparages former secretary of state"
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5286:. Cave Junction, Oregon: Oregon Institute of Science & Medicine. p. 179.
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8998:"Colin Powell: Republican Party Needs Me More Than The Democratic Party Needs Me"
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6436:"US Army green service uniform jacket and service medals worn by Colin L. Powell"
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policy to President Clinton, though he later supported its repeal as proposed by
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10359:"Statement from Ambassador Mark Green on the Passing of General Colin L. Powell"
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10244:. Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: National Constitution Center.
7184:"PN100 β Colin Luther Powell β Department of State, 107th Congress (2001β2002)"
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The Pentagon's wars: the military's undeclared war against America's presidents
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on foreign affairs, and a concern for the validity of Romney's economic plans.
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1602:, as he opposed any military intervention that did not involve U.S. interests.
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in South Korea, Powell was very close to his division commander, Major General
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3707:. In August, Powell delivered a speech in support of Biden's candidacy at the
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Powell condemns President Trump for the January 6 United States Capitol attack
2900:
In September 2005, Powell was asked about the speech during an interview with
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During his chairmanship of the JCS, there was discussion of awarding Powell a
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11759:
List of international trips made by secretaries of state of the United States
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9822:"Colin Powell, top U.S. soldier and diplomat, dies of COVID-19 complications"
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6556:"Photos: Key moments in former U.S. secretary of state Colin Powell's career"
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Secretary Powell with Indonesian Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare,
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Later that year, President George H. W. Bush selected him as Chairman of the
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6820:"Life in Iowa May Not Have Changed, But the Political Turf Is Another Story"
6148:"Mission to Haiti: Diplomacy β On the Brink of War, a Tense Battle of Wills"
6130:
5611:"Colin L. Powell, former secretary of state and military leader, dies at 84"
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9634:(Interview). Interviewed by P. J. O'Rourke. Washington, D.C. Archived from
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God at the Grass Roots, 1996: The Christian Right in the American Elections
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7489:"Colin Powell's UN speech: a decisive moment in undermining US credibility"
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1587:, he considered himself a bad fit for an administration largely made up of
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902:(ROTC) and became a "straight A student" in it. Powell also graduated from
828:
460:
326:
173:
31:"General Powell" and "Secretary Powell" redirect here. For other uses, see
10079:. The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans. Archived from
9449:"Colin Powell: Republicans Terrified Of Speaking Out Need To 'Get A Grip'"
8914:
8885:
8002:
6778:
6518:"Remarks on the Retirement of General Colin Powell in Arlington, Virginia"
6202:"U.S. Sen. Kasten Pushing Effort To Award Powell With Historic Fifth Star"
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428:
10478:, as of October 24, 2013, nine schools have been named for Colin Powell.
10269:"Fairfax County's Colin L. Powell Elementary School honors its namesake"
7082:"Colin Powell: Former US secretary of state dies of Covid complications"
5845:(Report). Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office
4331:"Colin Powell: Former US secretary of state dies of Covid complications"
2950:
1073:
refused service in bars and restaurants because of the color of his skin
721:
Powell was born in New York City in 1937 to parents who immigrated from
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9388:"Four Washington state electors break ranks and don't vote for Clinton"
5763:
5561:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. pp. 209β10, 218.
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During this time, Powell oversaw responses to 28 crises, including the
1386:
1373:
1303:
Powell retained his role as the now-senior military assistant into the
1193:
872:
14569:
Fellows of the United States National Academy of Public Administration
4456:"LLS Statement on the Death of Former Secretary of State Colin Powell"
4182:
In 2014, Colin Powell was named to the National Board of Advisors for
4011:
In 1993, Colin Powell was created an honorary Knight Commander of the
2367:
2179:
1651:. But even in the wake of public and Congressional pressure to do so,
906:
with an MBA in 1971 and an honorary doctor of public service in 1990.
13455:
13032:
12997:
12242:
12186:
11589:
10976:
10967:
10736:(2009). "The Rise and Fall of Colin Powell and the Powell Doctrine".
10298:
10141:. Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation & Library. Archived from
9859:
7739:
6175:"Schwarzkopf, Powell Up For Awards, But Fifth Star Not Given Lightly"
4426:"Colin Powell places third in presidential race at Electoral College"
4146:
Powell was an honorary board member of the humanitarian organization
3911:
3700:
3669:
controversy surrounding Clinton, Powell said to then U.S. Ambassador
3527:
3515:
2820:
2574:
2199:
1606:
1483:
1443:, serving from 1987 to 1989 while retaining his Army commission as a
1298:
1258:
1119:
852:
9684:"Former Secretary of State Colin Powell Dies of COVID Complications"
5747:
3068:
demoralized professional diplomats, leadership of the international
1525:
Powell's official portrait as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
1435:
Following the IranβContra scandal, Powell became, at the age of 49,
1307:, serving under Claytor's successor as deputy secretary of defense,
1287:
protocol officer, Stuart Purviance, a framed quotation by President
14293:
13260:
13250:
12985:
11797:
11504:
11295:
9297:
9293:"Colin Powell Attacked Hillary Clinton's 'Hubris' In Leaked Emails"
8558:
8453:"Why Colin Powell says he no longer considers himself a Republican"
7086:
6999:
5782:"Why Secret 1986 U.S.βIran 'Arms for Hostages' Negotiations Failed"
5705:"Arms, Hostages and Contras: How a Secret Foreign Policy Unraveled"
4334:
3790:
3069:
2193:
1565:
1521:
1212:
When he returned to the U.S. from Vietnam in 1971, Powell earned a
824:
615:
12852:
7378:
The Foreign Policy of George W. Bush Values, Strategy, and Loyalty
4746:
Colin Powell: American Power and Intervention From Vietnam to Iraq
4122:
listed Colin Powell on his list of 100 Greatest Blacks in America.
3620:
3044:
In November the president "forced Powell to resign", according to
2722:
Colin Powell's presentation to the United Nations Security Council
2384:
1176:
soldier Tom Glen, which backed up rumored allegations of the 1968
756:. During this time, he oversaw twenty-eight crises, including the
13062:
10667:"Prince George's County prepares to open Colin L. Powell Academy"
10272:
9826:
9563:"Alma Powell, civic leader and widow of Colin Powell, dies at 86"
9530:"Colin Powell: 'I can no longer call myself a fellow Republican'"
8125:
7115:"Can the Electoral College be subverted by 'faithless electors'?"
5333:. Biography (A & E). Twenty-First Century Books. p. 55.
4614:"Colin Powell, U.S. Army general-turned-top diplomat, dies at 84"
4179:
in attendance. Powell himself visited the school on June 4, 2013.
3677:
3467:
3107:
3002:
2541:
1188:
are excellent." Later, Powell's assessment would be described as
778:
Powell gave a presentation to the United Nations Security Council
8113:
7447:
3288:
During his early political career through his tenure within the
2760:
In a press statement on February 24, 2001, Powell had said that
10971:
10608:
9262:"Colin Powell calls Trump 'national disgrace' in hacked emails"
7857:
7235:
5843:
Final Report of the Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters
5683:
Final Report of the Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters
4125:
In 2009, an elementary school named for Colin Powell opened in
4050:
In 2003, an elementary school named after Powell was opened in
3845:
3391:
1272:
Powell subsequently served as the junior military assistant to
844:
13147:
8599:"Colin Powell shifts stance on 'don't ask, don't tell' policy"
8578:
8028:"Inside Colin Powell's Decision to Declare Genocide in Darfur"
7552:"Colin Powell: U.N. Speech 'Was a Great Intelligence Failure'"
5904:"An Active-Duty National Security Advisor: Myths and Concerns"
5558:
The U.S. Invasion of Grenada : legacy of a flawed victory
4115:, Germany, was named after him: "General-Colin-Powell-StraΓe."
4059:
Bishop John T. Walker Distinguished Humanitarian Service Award
3923:(KCB), an award the General received after the first Gulf War.
3052:. The following day, Bush nominated National Security Advisor
1666:
Powell retained his role as the now-senior military assistant
1141:. During the second tour in Vietnam he was decorated with the
13056:
10050:
8689:
8215:
6002:
4573:"Colin Powell, Who Shaped U.S. National Security, Dies at 84"
3972:
3900:
3746:
3400:
Powell gained attention in 2004 when, in a conversation with
2413:
Gerald R. Ford Medal for Distinguished Public Service (2021)
868:
680:
14769:
African-American members of the Cabinet of the United States
14719:
United States Army Command and General Staff College faculty
10566:"Powell: Friendship with Israel means friendship with Arabs"
10421:. March 8, 2016. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016
9476:"Colin Powell says he will vote for Joe Biden for president"
7295:
7062:
5500:
Our Year of War: Two Brothers, Vietnam, and a Nation Divided
4978:
4268:
Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008
2553:
admired his moderate stance on military matters, while many
14714:
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
10513:
10455:
100 Greatest African Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia
10192:. West Point Association of Graduates. September 15, 1998.
7759:
7029:
The 2000 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective
6673:. President of the Republic of Bulgaria. December 7, 2004.
4478:"Biographies of the Secretary of State:Colin Luther Powell"
4304:
4065:
4030:
for his commitment to the ideals of "Duty, Honor, Country".
3418:, Powell expressed opposition to President Bush's push for
2693:
1172:
Powell was charged with investigating a detailed letter by
962:
683:
660:
3509:
Powell further questioned McCain's judgment in appointing
924:
12633:
Assistants to the President for National Security Affairs
12452:
8846:
8460:
8158:
8131:
7149:"Bush names Powell as choice for U.S. secretary of state"
4717:
4388:
3758:
3572:
3544:
3450:, Powell reiterated his support for the 2003 decision to
3447:
3252:
announced that Powell had joined its board of directors.
2603:, but again decided against running. Once Texas Governor
1338:
due to his reluctance to assume a political appointment;
968:
930:
666:
9803:"Colin Powell, Former US Secretary of State, dies at 84"
7783:
7771:
7726:
7435:
7312:
7310:
6793:"Bill O'Reilly: A 'No Spin' interview with Colin Powell"
5770:
5734:
Shireen T. Hunter (Spring 1987). "After the Ayatollah".
3742:, an actress, and Annemarie Powell. Alma died in 2024.
3172:
On January 5, 2006, he participated in a meeting at the
1633:
from the list of armaments requested for the operation.
1605:
Powell also regularly clashed with Secretary of Defense
1516:
14694:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
9891:"Trump admonishes Colin Powell the day after his death"
8744:"Powell: Support for Obama doesn't mean Iraq war wrong"
7804:"Powell biography involves a game of connect the blots"
6440:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
6372:
War in a Time of Peace: Bush, Clinton, and the Generals
5990:
5711:(National ed.). November 19, 1987. sec. A. p. 12.
5308:
4935:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
4366:
4364:
4193:
opened Colin L. Powell Academy, named after Powell, in
3781:
On October 18, 2021, Powell, who was being treated for
3633:
In March 2016, Powell denounced the "nastiness" of the
3243:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
1541:. At age 52, he became the youngest officer, and first
1164:
US Army Center for the Army Profession and Leadership,
1118:(ARVN) advisor from 1962 to 1963. While on patrol in a
14579:
George Washington University School of Business alumni
12374:
Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy
11271:
8915:"Meet the Press' transcript for October 19, 2008"
8080:
7283:
5531:
Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet
5427:"Colin Powell: From Vietnam vet to secretary of state"
4248:
List of African-American United States Cabinet members
3360:
in January 2010, saying "circumstances had changed".
3300:
from 1995 until 2021. Many have described Powell as a
3021:
surveillance aircraft collided mid-air with a Chinese
2978:
Additionally, Powell was critical of other aspects of
14684:
Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal
7307:
7212:"Powell ceremoniously sworn in as secretary of state"
5809:"Weinberger Faces 5 Counts In Iran-Contra Indictment"
4384:"Powell resigns with three other Cabinet secretaries"
3411:
within the Bush administration as "fucking crazies".
3145:
In September 2005, Powell criticized the response to
2599:
Powell was mentioned as a potential candidate in the
2592:
sectors. That same year saw the establishment of The
1447:. He helped negotiate a number of arms treaties with
981:
971:
959:
943:
933:
921:
695:
669:
657:
12275:
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
9846:
9201:"Colin Powell: The GOP Race Has 'Gone Into The Mud'"
9174:"Colin Powell slams Donald Trump's immigration plan"
9108:
8855:"McCain now has to pick a vice presidential nominee"
8660:"Sen. McCain Releases Letter from Gen. Colin Powell"
7629:
7394:
Presidential Saber Rattling: Causes and Consequences
5978:
5048:"'It Worked For Me': Life Lessons From Colin Powell"
4361:
4205:
3980:
Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans
3910:
The coat of arms of Colin Powell was granted by the
3693:
3566:
2700:
and attending a meeting of foreign ministers of the
1228:
from 1972 to 1973. During 1975β1976 he attended the
965:
927:
686:
677:
663:
14584:
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
10620:Wenik, Ian (June 9, 2013). "Saluting the general".
9820:Dunham, Will; Mohammed, Arshad (October 19, 2021).
8819:
8738:
8736:
4163:Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace at
3996:On November 9, 1993, Powell was awarded the second
3844:, who was unable to attend following treatment for
3344:. He stated in his autobiography that he supported
2636:
Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration
2536:
1579:. Powell continued as chairman of the JCS into the
956:
918:
674:
654:
14729:United States government officials of the Iraq War
10895:
10853:
10818:
10791:
10699:
10036:. Jefferson Awards.org. Retrieved August 17, 2013.
9116:"Colin Powell endorses Barack Obama for president"
8942:"Colin Powell endorses Barack Obama for president"
8342:. President and Fellows of Harvard College. 2008.
8167:"Powell's remarks harm Bolton's chances of UN job"
7704:"Colin Powell on Iraq, Race, and Hurricane Relief"
5902:Barno, David; Bensahel, Nora (February 28, 2017).
5278:
5123:
4349:
2986:that deposed the democratically elected president
2764:against Iraq had prevented the development of any
1662:National Security Advisor and other advisory roles
1299:National Security Advisor and other advisory roles
912:Despite his parents' pronunciation of his name as
843:Colin Luther Powell was born on April 5, 1937, in
14564:Deaths from multiple myeloma in the United States
9521:
8797:"Powell says Iraq surge should have come earlier"
8714:. Aspen Ideas Festival. July 2007. Archived from
6873:
6663:
5733:
5655:Firewall: The IranβContra Conspiracy and Cover-up
5459:. New York: US Department of State. May 4, 2004.
4253:List of secretaries of state of the United States
3840:(also representing her husband, former President
3320:'s resignation, noting: "I wish he would do what
2785:mobile production facility for biological weapons
2629:
2622:, Powell received three votes for president from
2594:Colin L. Powell Center for Leadership and Service
2515:Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation
1625:, the aim of which was to capture Somali warlord
988:) from childhood on after the World War II flyer
14689:Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
14425:
10439:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
10267:Graf, Heather; Domingo, Ido (October 19, 2021).
9715:"Son of NYC: Colin Powell's legacy of integrity"
9713:Board, Daily News Editorial (October 18, 2021).
8880:
8878:
8733:
7319:"Remarks to the United Nations Security Council"
6549:
6547:
5164:"Secretary of State Colin L. Powell (biography)"
5010:
4787:"Four things you didn't know about Colin Powell"
4077:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
4071:In 2005, Colin and Alma Powell were awarded the
3316:. The attack moved Powell to call for president
3104:because of the strong opposition in the Senate.
3079:
2588:with the objective of helping children from all
1059:; at this time, the Army was newly desegregated
1052:Upon graduation, he received a commission as an
793:It Worked for Me: Lessons in Life and Leadership
737:while at City College and was commissioned as a
14764:United States Deputy National Security Advisors
14484:United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
12306:Director of the Office of Management and Budget
10514:".: The Official Wings Of Hope Homepage :"
7665:
7663:
7317:Powell, Secretary Colin L. (February 5, 2003).
6904:
5836:
5834:
5784:. Washington Report on Middle Eastern Affairs.
5676:
5674:
3621:2016 e-mail leaks and criticism of Donald Trump
3491:for Republican nominee McCain's bid during the
3483:Powell donated the maximum allowable amount to
3332:were "dangerous for our democracy". Powell was
10789:
9819:
8909:
8907:
8888:. Meet the Press. NBC News. October 19, 2008.
8596:
8584:
8132:VandeHei, Jim; Robin Wright (April 22, 2005).
8058:"Bush Nominates Rice to Be Secretary of State"
7241:
7142:
7140:
7068:
6851:"New Hampshire Poll Finds Powell With an Edge"
6283:
6008:
5960:"The 14 Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff"
5604:
5602:
5600:
5598:
4742:
4068:Andrus Award, the Association's highest honor.
3478:
3422:of those formerly and currently classified as
2973:
2929:Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
2893:and Chief of Staff from 1989 to 2003, Colonel
2735:Address to the United Nations Security Council
1426:United States Deputy National Security Advisor
296:United States Deputy National Security Advisor
14789:Recipients of the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award
14784:Members of the American Philosophical Society
14774:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland
14574:George W. Bush administration cabinet members
13504:
13133:
12838:
12617:
12438:
11783:
11257:
11233:
10817:Powell, Colin L.; Persico, Joseph E. (1995).
10816:
10239:
10149:
9617:
9580:
8875:
8420:
8276:
8246:
7982:
7980:
7978:
7832:
7696:
7638:"Flaws Cited in Powell's U.N. Speech on Iraq"
7603:
7453:
7337:
6724:
6693:
6544:
6051:
6049:
5901:
5806:
5374:Center for the Army Profession and Leadership
5122:Powell, Colin L.; Persico, Joseph E. (1995).
5121:
5024:. A&E Television Networks. Archived from
4500:
4137:property, and serves a portion of Fort Bliss.
3858:
3738:(FCC) from 2001 to 2005. Their daughters are
3223:, Powell began being mentioned as a possible
3208:In 2008, Powell served as a spokesperson for
3193:In 2007, he joined the board of directors of
2954:Secretary Powell with NATO Secretary General
2715:
2561:or even potentially replacing Vice President
1390:, in November 1986. According to Iran-Contra
768:against Iraq in 1990β1991. He formulated the
308:December 2, 1986 β November 23, 1987
244:November 23, 1987 β January 20, 1989
157:October 1, 1989 β September 30, 1993
14479:United States Army personnel of the Gulf War
10938:. America First Political Action Committee.
10327:"AARP honors Colin Powell with Andrus Award"
9467:
9057:
8512:
8134:"Powell Playing Quiet Role in Bolton Battle"
7660:
6811:
6790:
5831:
5671:
5482:Brown, Warren; Wagner, Heather Lehr (2009).
5419:
5187:
5185:
4827:
4825:
4708:
4706:
4154:Board of Trustees for Eisenhower Fellowships
3787:Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
3558:When asked why he was still a Republican on
2885:. Powell later recounted how Vice President
2450:
1412:and National Security Advisor Powell in 1988
1122:-held area, he was wounded by stepping on a
791:and then in retirement another book titled,
92:January 20, 2001 β January 26, 2005
10893:
10266:
9800:
9058:Budoff Brown, Carrie (September 19, 2010).
8904:
8332:
8089:"Exiles Add to Claims on Iran Nuclear Arms"
7137:
6842:
6637:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5595:
5481:
5475:
5272:
4986:"Major Player: Gen. Colin L. Powell (Ret.)"
4647:"Colin Powell claims Scottish coat of arms"
4566:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4556:
3816:were President Biden and former presidents
2823:to mount the invasion. To this end, Powell
827:in 2021, while being treated for a form of
631:
13518:
13511:
13497:
13140:
13126:
12845:
12831:
12624:
12610:
12445:
12431:
12098:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
11790:
11776:
11264:
11250:
11022:
10995:
10596:McDonald, Terrence T. (February 8, 2013).
9290:
9171:
9060:"Colin Powell critical of President Obama"
9020:
8939:
8627:
8221:
7975:
7732:
6969:"Colin L. Powell Center for Public Policy"
6508:
6506:
6430:
6428:
6368:
6362:
6088:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6046:
5503:. Boston, MA: Da Capo Press. p. 338.
5222:
5220:
5218:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5018:"Colin (Luther) Powell Biography (1937β )"
4513:A Dictionary of Contemporary World History
4423:
4411:"Secretary Powell's Letter of Resignation"
4095:, on October 18, 2021, the day Powell died
3945:In 1990, Powell received the U.S. Senator
3871:
3237:advisory council. Together with his wife,
1971:Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge
1615:Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
1152:
62:
14459:21st-century American non-fiction writers
10381:
10324:
8519:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 258.
8197:"Bush appoints Bolton as U.N. ambassador"
7321:. New York City: US Department of State.
7225:Powell, Colin Luther (January 26, 2001).
6583:
6581:
6553:
6426:
6424:
6422:
6420:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6410:
6408:
6208:. Vol. 79, no. 23. March 1991.
5554:
5326:
5182:
4822:
4703:
4506:
4424:Richardson, Valerie (December 21, 2016).
4043:was awarded to Colin Powell on July 4 in
3433:
2982:in the past, such as its support for the
2500:Order of Stara Planina in the First Order
1957:Secretary of Defense Identification Badge
1839:
1458:In April 1989, after his tenure with the
1416:In 1986, Powell took over the command of
787:In 1995, Powell wrote his autobiography,
42:For other people named Colin Powell, see
27:American general and diplomat (1937β2021)
14734:United States National Security Advisors
14704:Recipients of the Order of Saint Maurice
14669:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
14504:American politicians of Jamaican descent
10928:
10898:It Worked for Me: In Life and Leadership
10758:
10694:
10027:National Winners | public service awards
9852:
9527:
9500:
9260:Cummings, William (September 13, 2016).
9259:
8940:Ohlemacher, Stephen (October 20, 2008).
8628:Blumenthal, Sidney (November 18, 2004).
8551:
8119:
8086:
8025:
7789:
7777:
7765:
7585:"U.S. Scholar Uncredited in Iraq Report"
7441:
7301:
7161:
6910:
6554:Rodriguez, Jeremiah (October 18, 2021).
6475:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6325:
6319:
6248:. Abdo & Daughters. pp. 44β46.
5996:
5641:
4862:"About Gen. Colin L. Powell, USA (Ret.)"
4644:
4553:
4086:
3772:
3705:2020 United States presidential election
3587:On October 25, 2012, 12 days before the
3151:
3106:
3037:In September 2004, Powell described the
2996:
2949:
2838:
2798:
2778:
2643:
2540:
1520:
1403:
1293:Chief of Staff of the United States Army
1203:
1199:
801:2016 United States presidential election
14799:Black conservatism in the United States
10732:
10493:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
10457:. Amherst, New York. Prometheus Books.
10158:"Colin Powell: key facts from his life"
10155:
10047:"Spingarn Medal Winners: 1915 to Today"
9385:
9305:from the original on September 15, 2016
9291:Blumenthal, Paul (September 14, 2016).
9241:from the original on September 12, 2016
9211:from the original on September 13, 2016
9180:from the original on September 21, 2016
8921:from the original on September 10, 2013
8852:
8769:Klatell, James M. (December 17, 2006).
8768:
8690:Official website: Aspen Ideas Festival
8513:Rozell, Mark J.; Wilcox, Clyde (1997).
7845:from the original on September 19, 2021
7835:"Groups Fear Public Backlash Over Iran"
7669:
7582:
7549:
7274:
7228:Secretary of State Swearing-In Ceremony
7112:
6943:"NH US Vice President β R Primary Race"
6882:"The Powell Decision: The Announcement"
6880:Clines, Francis X. (November 9, 1995).
6730:
6712:from the original on September 30, 2012
6528:from the original on September 19, 2016
6522:University of California, Santa Barbara
6512:
6503:
6034:from the original on September 21, 2021
5863:
5800:
5486:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 41, 43.
5398:
5364:
5362:
5215:
5100:
4570:
4370:
4355:
4104:, the highest adult award given by the
4073:Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service
3539:. I think we need a president who is a
3119:On April 28, 2005, an opinion piece in
2783:Computer-generated image of an alleged
2741:Powell came under fire for his role in
2579:New Hampshire Vice-Presidential primary
2305:Secretary's Distinguished Service Award
2104:Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal
1537:, the highest military position in the
821:Secretary's Distinguished Service Award
441:
232:United States National Security Advisor
14:
14664:Presidential Citizens Medal recipients
14539:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
14426:
12073:Secretary of Health and Human Services
10894:Powell, Colin L.; Koltz, Tony (2012).
10851:
10520:from the original on December 18, 2015
10306:from the original on November 20, 2015
10242:"2002 Liberty Medal Acceptance Speech"
9946:
9773:
9623:
9586:
9560:
9398:from the original on December 19, 2016
9198:
9070:from the original on December 14, 2013
9039:from the original on December 12, 2009
8552:Siddiqui, Sabrina (January 13, 2013).
8402:from the original on February 27, 2021
8264:from the original on February 20, 2006
8164:
8087:Sciolino, Elaine (November 18, 2004).
7963:from the original on November 20, 2011
7937:from the original on November 20, 2011
7896:
7863:
7801:
7733:Brancaccio, David (February 3, 2006).
7714:from the original on December 10, 2013
7635:
7486:
7468:from the original on December 30, 2016
7316:
7289:
7025:
6879:
6861:from the original on November 11, 2012
6849:Berke, Richard L. (October 19, 1995).
6743:from the original on November 11, 2012
6699:
6578:
6405:
6329:Bill Clinton: Mastering the Presidency
6277:
6241:
6235:
6172:
6142:
6140:
6105:Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War
6102:
5984:
5727:
5608:
5583:from the original on December 27, 2019
5496:
5314:
5074:"Colin Powell Biography and Interview"
4902:from the original on December 24, 2017
4889:
4298:
4152:From 2006, he was the chairman of the
3978:In 1991, Powell was inducted into the
3812:Present at the funeral service at the
3314:January 6 United States Capitol attack
3255:
2869:an essay by American graduate student
2419:
1357:under Major General John W. Hudachek.
1220:in Washington, D.C. He later served a
1036:, the ROTC fraternal organization and
867:ancestry. Luther worked as a shipping
847:, a neighborhood in the New York City
14609:Military personnel from New York City
14544:Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
14519:African-American government officials
13492:
13121:
12854:NAACP Image Award β President's Award
12826:
12605:
12454:Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
12426:
12266:
11817:
11771:
11245:
11232:
11134:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
10369:from the original on October 18, 2021
10196:from the original on October 19, 2021
10170:from the original on October 19, 2021
9928:from the original on October 20, 2021
9897:from the original on October 20, 2021
9885:
9867:from the original on October 18, 2021
9834:from the original on October 21, 2021
9782:from the original on October 18, 2021
9755:from the original on October 18, 2021
9725:from the original on October 20, 2021
9712:
9694:from the original on October 19, 2021
9542:from the original on January 11, 2021
9528:Pitofsky, Marina (January 10, 2021).
9509:from the original on October 20, 2021
9455:from the original on October 18, 2021
9446:
9428:from the original on October 19, 2021
9354:
9323:
9172:Stableford, Dylan (October 1, 2015).
9153:from the original on January 22, 2013
9122:from the original on October 27, 2012
8952:from the original on December 1, 2008
8892:from the original on October 30, 2013
8825:
8777:from the original on January 30, 2011
8750:from the original on October 20, 2021
8670:from the original on October 17, 2020
8640:from the original on October 20, 2021
8566:from the original on October 18, 2021
8533:from the original on October 20, 2021
8468:from the original on January 11, 2021
8392:"Powell advised against Afghan surge"
8320:from the original on November 3, 2010
8294:from the original on November 6, 2006
8234:from the original on October 20, 2021
8222:Blumenthal, Sidney (April 28, 2005).
8203:from the original on October 20, 2021
8177:from the original on October 20, 2021
8038:from the original on January 22, 2021
8026:Hamilton, Rebecca (August 17, 2011).
7897:Pincus, Walter (September 14, 2004).
7814:from the original on October 18, 2021
7591:from the original on December 4, 2007
7531:from the original on October 18, 2021
7501:from the original on October 18, 2021
7423:from the original on October 20, 2021
7375:
7357:from the original on October 21, 2021
7325:from the original on February 5, 2009
7146:
7113:Wheeler, Russell (October 21, 2020).
7094:from the original on October 18, 2021
7050:from the original on October 20, 2021
7007:from the original on October 20, 2021
6911:Plissner, Martin (February 7, 2007).
6892:from the original on October 20, 2021
6848:
6817:
6599:from the original on November 8, 2017
6566:from the original on October 18, 2021
6458:
6446:from the original on October 19, 2021
6389:from the original on October 20, 2021
6346:from the original on October 20, 2021
6304:from the original on October 20, 2021
6262:from the original on October 20, 2021
6220:from the original on October 20, 2021
6055:
5940:from the original on October 27, 2010
5914:from the original on October 19, 2021
5840:
5680:
5652:
5629:from the original on October 18, 2021
5463:from the original on February 5, 2009
5437:from the original on October 18, 2021
5380:from the original on October 19, 2021
5347:from the original on October 20, 2021
5203:from the original on October 18, 2021
5170:from the original on November 8, 2017
4998:from the original on November 7, 2012
4966:from the original on October 19, 2021
4925:
4923:
4921:
4797:from the original on October 18, 2021
4767:from the original on October 29, 2021
4681:Eastman's Online Genealogy Newsletter
4626:from the original on October 20, 2021
4611:
4593:from the original on October 18, 2021
4541:from the original on October 19, 2021
4436:from the original on October 20, 2018
4311:from the original on October 29, 2021
4191:Prince George's County Public Schools
4142:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
3929:Powell's civilian awards include two
3848:) as well as many other dignitaries.
3454:in the context of his endorsement of
3156:Powell walks with newly crowned King
3017:of April 1, 2001, a United States US
2968:Senate Governmental Affairs Committee
2692:On September 11, 2001, Powell was in
2090:Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
1991:
1593:U.S. ambassador to the United Nations
1535:chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
1517:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
1114:Powell served a tour in Vietnam as a
716:chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
708:65th United States secretary of state
145:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
14589:Iraq and weapons of mass destruction
14449:21st-century African-American people
14444:20th-century African-American people
10647:from the original on August 18, 2021
10156:Oladipo, Gloria (October 18, 2021).
9605:from the original on August 28, 2009
9473:
9367:from the original on August 18, 2016
9029:"Powell airs doubts on Obama agenda"
9026:
8974:. CNN. July 16, 2010. Archived from
8609:from the original on August 22, 2011
8433:from the original on August 30, 2015
8306:
7986:
7911:from the original on January 8, 2019
7864:Pincus, Walter (February 14, 2004).
7684:from the original on October 7, 2008
7611:"UK accused of lifting dossier text"
7390:
7231:. The White House, Washington, D. C.
6945:. Our Campaigns. February 20, 1996.
6589:"Secretary of State Colin L. Powell"
6491:from the original on August 17, 2018
6332:. PublicAffairs. pp. 190, 399.
6290:. Thorndike Press. pp. 330β31.
6287:All Too Human: A Political Education
5609:Graham, Bradley (October 18, 2021).
5527:
5457:"Interview on CNN's Larry King Live"
5405:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
5359:
4724:from the original on October 3, 2016
4054:. Powell visited the school in 2013.
3340:, and expressed some support for an
823:. Powell died from complications of
14554:Congressional Gold Medal recipients
14509:American people of Scottish descent
14469:21st-century American Episcopalians
10794:Colin Powell: A Political Biography
10389:"List of Silver Buffalo recipients"
10103:"Public Law 102-33 β Apr. 23, 1991"
10008:from the original on April 14, 2021
9915:
9853:Garrison, Joey (October 18, 2021).
9774:Macias, Amanda (October 18, 2021).
9324:Blake, Aaron (September 14, 2016).
9140:
8597:DeYoung, Karen (February 3, 2010).
7878:from the original on August 7, 2007
7747:from the original on March 12, 2014
7487:Borger, Julian (October 18, 2021).
6923:from the original on April 17, 2009
6791:O'Reilly, Bill (January 29, 2013).
6733:"Will Powell Run With Bush in '92?"
6700:Schram, Martin (January 21, 1995).
6593:georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov
6524:: The American Presidency Project.
6194:
6137:
5966:from the original on April 12, 2008
5864:Bamford, James (January 18, 1987).
5715:from the original on April 26, 2020
5484:Colin Powell: Soldier and Statesman
5166:. The White House. April 29, 2003.
5054:from the original on April 14, 2021
4868:from the original on April 27, 2017
4839:from the original on April 27, 2017
4743:O'Sullivan, Christopher D. (2009).
4612:Oster, Patrick (October 18, 2021).
4488:from the original on August 2, 2018
4299:Macias, Amanda (October 19, 2021).
4140:In 2009, Powell was elected to the
4131:El Paso Independent School District
3933:(the second with distinction), the
3709:2020 Democratic National Convention
3647:In August 2016, Powell accused the
3555:and had a polarizing impact on it.
2807:while giving a presentation to the
2609:2000 Republican National Convention
2032:Defense Distinguished Service Medal
1462:, Powell was promoted to four-star
883:, from which he graduated in 1954.
803:, Powell, who was not a candidate,
754:United States Department of Defense
24:
14739:United States secretaries of state
14599:Recipients of the Legion of Honour
14474:21st-century American male writers
12903:Kent Amos & Carmen Amos (1995)
11273:United States Secretaries of State
10887:
10752:10.1002/j.1538-165X.2009.tb00642.x
10339:from the original on June 20, 2021
10119:from the original on March 6, 2017
9971:"General Colin Powell (1937β2021)"
9947:Naylor, Brian (November 5, 2021).
9626:"A Conversation with Colin Powell"
9587:Powell, Colin (October 17, 2005).
9501:Sullivan, Kate (August 19, 2020).
9386:Brunner, Jim (December 19, 2016).
9336:from the original on June 11, 2020
9272:from the original on June 27, 2021
9004:. February 7, 2014. Archived from
8486:
8254:"Powell criticises storm response"
7833:Forward Staff (February 2, 2007).
7670:DeYoung, Karen (October 1, 2006).
7617:from the original on March 8, 2008
7583:Lawless, Jill (February 7, 2003).
7550:Breslow, Jason M. (May 17, 2016).
7162:Vulliamy, Ed (December 17, 2000).
7125:from the original on June 16, 2021
6949:from the original on June 15, 2011
6731:Van Dyk, Ted (September 6, 1990).
6677:from the original on July 27, 2011
6651:from the original on March 2, 2015
5841:Walsh, Lawrence (August 4, 1993).
5819:from the original on March 9, 2021
5681:Walsh, Lawrence (August 4, 1993).
5657:. New York: Norton & Company.
5370:"My Lai at 50: Written Case Study"
5088:from the original on April 6, 2019
4918:
4687:(20). May 17, 2004. Archived from
4677:"Colin Powell's Scottish Ancestry"
4657:from the original on March 5, 2017
4571:Schmitt, Eric (October 18, 2021).
4165:The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
4091:Colin Powell Elementary School in
4017:Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
3797:, but his myeloma compromised his
3626:Republican presidential candidate
2648:Powell, National Security Advisor
2529:Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal
1097:5th Infantry Division (Mechanized)
994:
25:
14820:
14709:Recipients of the Soldier's Medal
14699:Recipients of the Legion of Merit
14494:American male non-fiction writers
14454:21st-century American politicians
12267:
11016:collected news and commentary at
11005:collected news and commentary at
10961:
10702:Soldier: The Life of Colin Powell
10399:from the original on July 9, 2019
10248:from the original on May 16, 2008
10139:"The Ronald Reagan Freedom Award"
9482:from the original on June 7, 2020
9355:Blake, Aaron (November 7, 2016).
8368:. usnews.com. November 11, 2008.
8346:from the original on July 8, 2008
8284:"Senators defy Bush on tribunals"
8165:Borger, Julian (April 23, 2005).
8146:from the original on June 2, 2017
8064:. January 7, 2006. Archived from
7564:from the original on May 19, 2016
7256:from the original on June 6, 2020
7147:Clark, Tony (December 16, 2000).
6830:from the original on July 3, 2018
6818:Apple, R. W. (October 28, 1995).
6799:from the original on July 3, 2018
5883:from the original on May 26, 2020
5402:Soldier: The Life of Colin Powell
4238:Conservatism in the United States
3736:Federal Communications Commission
3716:the Capitol building was attacked
3694:Views on the Trump administration
3584:was put back on a stable basis."
3567:Views on the Obama administration
3330:false claims of a stolen election
3007:Boxing Day earthquake and tsunami
2912:Soldier: The Life of Colin Powell
2434:Honorary Knight Commander of the
1214:Master of Business Administration
1139:23rd (Americal) Infantry Division
37:Secretary Powell (disambiguation)
14604:Military leaders of the Gulf War
14524:African-American men in politics
14499:20th-century American memoirists
12811:
12590:
12462:
11843:
11304:
11102:United States Secretary of State
11048:Deputy National Security Advisor
10935:Colin Powell and the Power Elite
10790:O'Sullivan, Christopher (2010).
10659:
10629:
10614:
10590:
10558:
10532:
10506:
10481:
10468:
10447:
10411:
10351:
10318:
10286:
10260:
10233:
10208:
10182:
10131:
10095:
10069:
10039:
10020:
9988:
9963:
9940:
9909:
9879:
9813:
9801:Page, Susan (October 18, 2021).
9794:
9767:
9737:
9706:
9676:
9650:
9624:Powell, Colin (August 2, 2004).
9554:
9494:
9440:
9410:
9379:
9348:
9317:
9284:
9253:
9223:
9199:Reilly, Mollie (March 7, 2016).
9192:
9165:
9134:
9082:
9051:
8990:
8964:
8933:
8853:Holland, Steve (March 5, 2008).
8789:
8762:
8709:"Conversation with Colin Powell"
8701:
8682:
8652:
8621:
8590:
8545:
8506:
8480:
8445:
8421:Ingrid Lunden (March 14, 2014).
8414:
8384:
8372:from the original on May 3, 2009
8358:
8316:. Council on Foreign Relations.
8189:
8050:
8019:
7949:
7923:
7890:
7826:
7795:
7576:
7543:
7513:
7480:
7454:Warrick, Joby (April 12, 2006).
7384:
7369:
7275:Kessler, Glenn (July 14, 2004).
7242:Kessler, Glenn (July 14, 2004).
6154:. September 20, 1994. p. A1
5788:from the original on May 5, 2021
5776:
4645:Branigan, Tania (May 12, 2004).
4222:
4208:
4061:for his contributions to Africa.
3967:In 1991, Powell was awarded the
3956:In 1991, Powell was awarded the
3745:As a hobby, Powell restored old
3721:
3374:
3268:
3129:(a former top aide to President
3098:ambassador to the United Nations
2861:reported soon afterwards that a
2787:, presented by Powell at the UN
2674:United States secretary of state
2537:Potential presidential candidate
2521:
2507:
2492:
2477:
2462:
2443:
2427:
2409:
2389:
2383:
2366:
2349:
2343:
2320:
2314:
2297:
2283:
2268:
2253:
2236:
2230:
2223:
2214:Joint Service Commendation Medal
2206:
2192:
2178:
2164:
2150:
2133:
2127:
2110:
2096:
2082:
2076:Navy Distinguished Service Medal
2068:
2061:Army Distinguished Service Medal
2051:
2045:
2022:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1977:
1963:
1949:
1935:
1921:
1907:
1893:
1879:
1865:
1851:
1823:
1808:
1793:
1778:
1763:
1748:
1733:
1718:
1703:
1688:
1669:
1166:My Lai at 50: Written Case Study
1129:Powell returned to Vietnam as a
1017:Reserve Officers' Training Corps
952:
914:
900:Reserve Officers' Training Corps
735:Reserve Officers' Training Corps
714:from 1987 to 1989, and the 12th
650:
503:
80:United States Secretary of State
14794:People with Parkinson's disease
14674:Reagan administration personnel
14549:City College of New York alumni
14464:21st-century American diplomats
13481:Names are in alphabetical order
10761:Colin Powell: Imperfect Patriot
10325:Richissin, Todd (May 2, 2006).
9561:Javaid, Maham (July 29, 2024).
8771:"Powell: We Are Losing In Iraq"
7899:"Support for Intelligence Plan"
7866:"Support for Intelligence Plan"
7802:Rutten, Tim (October 9, 2006).
7277:"Colin Powell no globe-trotter"
7268:
7218:
7204:
7176:
7155:
7106:
7074:
7019:
6987:
6961:
6935:
6784:
6755:
6688:Bulgaria and the United States.
6611:
6284:Stephanopoulos, George (1999).
6166:
6096:
6014:
5952:
5934:"Online NewsHour: Colin Powell"
5926:
5895:
5857:
5807:Brinley, Joel (June 17, 1992).
5697:
5548:
5521:
5490:
5449:
5392:
5320:
5246:
5156:
5082:American Academy of Achievement
5066:
5040:
4948:
4931:"Honoring General Colin Powell"
4883:
4854:
4809:
4779:
4736:
4669:
4638:
4605:
4470:
4458:. Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
4033:In 1998, he was elected to the
3730:on August 25, 1962. Their son,
3493:2008 U.S. presidential election
2829:United Nations Security Council
2809:United Nations Security Council
2702:Organization of American States
2696:, Peru, meeting with President
2601:2000 U.S. presidential election
2571:1996 U.S. presidential election
2559:1992 U.S. presidential election
1985:Army Staff Identification Badge
1067:. He underwent training in the
1047:
437:
33:General Powell (disambiguation)
14779:African-American Episcopalians
14559:Deaths from cancer in Maryland
12235:Secretary of Homeland Security
11202:Republican National Convention
10765:University of Notre Dame Press
10240:Powell, Colin (July 4, 2002).
9447:Russo, Amy (October 6, 2019).
9118:. CBS News. October 25, 2012.
8917:. NBC News. October 19, 2008.
8803:. July 5, 2009. Archived from
7636:Miller, Greg (July 15, 2004).
7521:"Powell regrets Iraq failings"
7345:"Iraq had no WMD β inspectors"
7026:Denton, Robert E. Jr. (2002).
6702:"Don't Count Out Colin Powell"
6173:Abrams, Jim (March 21, 1991).
4890:Schwab, Nikki (May 30, 2012).
4448:
4417:
4403:
4376:
4323:
4292:
4279:
4243:List of American conservatives
4100:Powell was a recipient of the
4035:American Philosophical Society
4028:United States Military Academy
3931:Presidential Medals of Freedom
3793:at the age of 84. He had been
3651:campaign of trying to pin her
3414:In a September 2006 letter to
3227:member. He was not nominated.
2630:Secretary of State (2001β2005)
2626:from the state of Washington.
2330:National Defense Service Medal
2118:Defense Superior Service Medal
1424:. The next year, he served as
1364:, whom he assisted during the
1208:Richard Nixon and Powell, 1973
1133:in 1968, serving as assistant
1106:
950:), Powell pronounced his name
805:received three electoral votes
13:
1:
14809:Centrism in the United States
14754:Writers from New York (state)
14634:People from Morrisania, Bronx
12204:Secretary of Veterans Affairs
10759:Matthews, Jeffrey J. (2019).
10001:. Somerset Heraldry Society.
6245:Armed Forces: War in the Gulf
5254:"General Colin Luther Powell"
4273:
4057:In 2005, Powell received the
3958:Presidential Medal of Freedom
3814:Washington National Cathedral
3080:Life after diplomatic service
3028:United States-China relations
2276:Presidential Medal of Freedom
2261:Presidential Medal of Freedom
1658:staffers decided against it.
1526:
1323:; Benavidez had received the
1274:deputy secretaries of defense
1149:, from the burning wreckage.
1083:, Powell was assigned to the
838:
809:Presidential Medal of Freedom
632:Β§ Awards and decorations
44:Colin Powell (disambiguation)
14639:People from McLean, Virginia
14624:New York (state) Republicans
13086:Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex
13021:Black Stuntmen's Association
11281:Secretary of Foreign Affairs
10637:"National Board of Advisors"
10453:Asante, Molefi Kete (2002).
10190:"1998 Sylvanus Thayer AWard"
9597:(Interview). Interviewed by
9474:Cole, Devan (June 7, 2020).
8826:Henry, Ed (August 9, 2007).
8340:"Who Mentored Colin Powell?"
8224:"The good soldier's revenge"
5284:Jungle Snafus...And Remedies
4022:In 1998, he was awarded the
4004:. Powell served as Reagan's
3855:in Section 60, Grave 11917.
3463:Iraq War troop surge of 2007
3407:, he reportedly referred to
3203:Council on Foreign Relations
3201:. Powell also served on the
2863:British intelligence dossier
2817:garner international support
2399:Army Overseas Service Ribbon
1656:presidential transition team
1478:(FORSCOM), headquartered at
1420:in Frankfurt, Germany, from
1218:George Washington University
904:George Washington University
879:and attended the now closed
486:George Washington University
7:
14724:United States Army generals
14679:Recipients of the Air Medal
14619:National War College alumni
13558:William Stanley Braithwaite
13326:Charles Andrew MacGillivary
12129:Secretary of Transportation
11818:
11169:Ronald Reagan Freedom Award
10739:Political Science Quarterly
9975:Arlington National Cemetery
9418:"Electoral College Results"
8199:. NBC News. July 29, 2005.
7735:"Iraq Pre-War Intelligence"
5653:Walsh, Lawrence E. (1997).
5230:. CNN. 1996. Archived from
4892:"Colin Powell: bad student"
4201:
3998:Ronald Reagan Freedom Award
3939:Ronald Reagan Freedom Award
3853:Arlington National Cemetery
3479:Endorsement of Barack Obama
3233:In 2010, Powell joined the
3168:, Saudi Arabia, August 2005
2974:Other foreign policy issues
2825:addressed a plenary session
2815:Powell's chief role was to
2766:weapons of mass destruction
2755:weapons of mass destruction
2291:Presidential Citizens Medal
2248:with two oak leaf clusters
1647:, granting him the rank of
1325:Distinguished Service Cross
1305:presidency of Ronald Reagan
1174:11th Light Infantry Brigade
1060:
1006:
875:. Powell was raised in the
817:Presidential Citizens Medal
629:
394:Arlington National Cemetery
10:
14825:
14659:Politicians from Manhattan
14629:Politicians from the Bronx
14514:American political writers
13466:Samuel Tankersley Williams
13416:Joseph Warren Stilwell Jr.
12393:White House Chief of Staff
11841:
10862:Greenwood Publishing Group
10688:
10641:National Board of Advisors
10571:. afhu.org. Archived from
10032:November 24, 2010, at the
9664:. New York. August 2, 2013
9027:Ward, Jon (July 3, 2009).
8828:"Powell donates to McCain"
7399:Cambridge University Press
7034:Greenwood Publishing Group
6369:Halberstam, David (2001).
5555:Kukielski, Philip (2019).
5497:Bolger, Daniel P. (2017).
5327:Finlayson, Reggie (2003).
4480:. US Department of State,
3859:Civilian awards and honors
3801:; he also had early-stage
3734:, was the chairman of the
3064:, and the European Union.
2719:
2716:2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq
2633:
1943:Presidential Service Badge
1556:in 1989 to remove General
1470:and briefly served as the
1249:Henry "Gunfighter" Emerson
1243:commanding 1st Battalion,
782:rationale for the Iraq War
745:. He was commander of the
29:
13527:
13479:
13156:
13090:Meghan, Duchess of Sussex
13072:
13007:
12938:
12896:
12885:Antoinette Stroman &
12860:
12809:
12639:
12588:
12469:
12460:
12391:
12372:
12341:
12304:
12273:
12262:
12233:
12202:
12177:
12152:
12127:
12096:
12071:
12052:
12027:
11996:
11973:Secretary of the Interior
11971:
11940:
11915:
11886:Secretary of the Treasury
11884:
11852:
11824:
11813:
11756:
11313:
11302:
11279:
11239:
11234:Links to related articles
11217:
11198:
11190:
11185:
11175:
11165:
11157:
11152:
11140:
11131:
11123:
11118:
11108:
11099:
11091:
11081:
11075:National Security Advisor
11072:
11064:
11054:
11045:
11037:
11032:
10856:Colin Powell: A Biography
9002:TheLonelyConservative.com
8972:"Powell on Rush Limbaugh"
8746:. CNN. October 19, 2008.
7995:Stanford University Press
7613:. CNN. February 7, 2003.
7376:Moens, Alexander (2017).
6913:"Ready for Obama Already"
6765:. Westport, CT: Praeger,
6761:Lusane, Clarence (2006).
6375:. Scribner. p. 190.
5866:"Carlucci and the N.S.C."
4833:"Colin Powell Fast Facts"
4714:"Colin Powell Fast Facts"
4195:Fort Washington, Maryland
4064:Powell received the 2006
4006:National Security Advisor
3909:
3905:Devoted To Public Service
3899:
3889:
3879:
3870:
3865:
3635:2016 Republican primaries
3520:Kareem Rashad Sultan Khan
3461:Powell's position on the
3402:British Foreign Secretary
3382:interview with Powell on
3373:
3365:
3267:
3262:
2920:National Security Council
2652:and Secretary of Defense
2470:Meritorious Service Cross
2361:with silver service star
1844:
1589:liberal internationalists
1460:National Security Council
1441:National Security Advisor
1422:Robert Lewis "Sam" Wetzel
776:. As secretary of state,
712:national security advisor
639:
624:
598:
565:
544:
534:
526:
516:
511:
499:
466:
451:
422:
399:
389:
372:
351:
346:
342:
332:
320:
312:
301:
294:
282:
270:
258:
248:
237:
229:
217:
205:
182:
161:
150:
142:
130:
118:
106:
96:
85:
77:
73:
61:
54:
14529:African-American writers
14489:American anti-communists
14198:A. Leon Higginbotham Jr.
13814:Charles Hamilton Houston
13598:George Washington Carver
13361:Thomas Alexander Parrott
11998:Secretary of Agriculture
11186:Party political offices
11153:Awards and achievements
10852:Steins, Richard (2003).
10800:Rowman & Littlefield
9996:"Journal Christmas 2004"
7993:. Stanford, California:
7407:10.1017/CBO9781139108720
7214:. CNN. January 26, 2001.
6326:Hamilton, Nigel (2007).
5193:"Obituary: Colin Powell"
4751:Rowman & Littlefield
4289:. August 9, 1993, p. 27.
3935:Congressional Gold Medal
3828:and former first ladies
3824:, along with First Lady
3768:
3533:Sunday morning talk show
3326:overthrow the government
3210:National Mentoring Month
3158:Abdullah of Saudi Arabia
3140:National Security Agency
2984:1973 Chilean coup d'Γ©tat
2584:In 1997, Powell founded
2263:with Distinction (1993)
1873:Expert Infantryman Badge
1859:Combat Infantryman Badge
1611:Operation Gothic Serpent
1482:, overseeing all active
1366:1983 invasion of Grenada
1013:City College of New York
896:City College of New York
813:Congressional Gold Medal
747:U.S. Army Forces Command
731:City College of New York
579:U.S. Army Forces Command
475:City College of New York
14759:Yiddish-speaking people
13196:William Francis Buckley
11200:Keynote Speaker of the
10623:The Union City Reporter
10603:April 26, 2014, at the
8630:"Colin and the crazies"
8122:, pp. 321, 379β85.
7987:Zhao, Suisheng (2023).
7380:. Taylor & Francis.
5399:DeYoung, Karen (2006).
4517:Oxford University Press
4507:Palmowski, Jan (2008).
4482:Office of the Historian
4081:Smithsonian Institution
3714:In January 2021, after
3637:during an interview on
3537:transformational figure
3446:In a 2008 interview on
3164:, and former President
3056:as Powell's successor.
2914:, in 2001 before 9/11,
2877:as claims based on the
2749:. A 2004 report by the
2457:, Grand Cross (France)
2438:(KCB) (United Kingdom)
2246:Army Commendation Medal
1591:. He clashed with then-
1543:Afro-Caribbean American
1480:Fort McPherson, Georgia
1376:anti-tank missiles and
1370:1986 airstrike on Libya
1267:101st Airborne Division
1153:Mα»Ή Lai massacre inquiry
725:. He was raised in the
590:101st Airborne Division
68:Official portrait, 2001
14804:Family of Colin Powell
14749:Writers from Manhattan
14594:Kleiner Perkins people
14254:Constance Baker Motley
14134:Frederick D. Patterson
13870:Martin Luther King Jr.
13798:Channing Heggie Tobias
13686:William T. B. Williams
13662:Richard Berry Harrison
13646:Mordecai Wyatt Johnson
12283:Christine Todd Whitman
12179:Secretary of Education
9589:"Interview transcript"
8695:July 12, 2007, at the
8666:. September 14, 2006.
8398:. September 27, 2009.
8290:. September 15, 2006.
7527:. September 11, 2011.
6619:"Gerald R. Ford Medal"
6516:(September 30, 1993).
6109:Atlantic Monthly Press
6030:. September 30, 2001.
4835:. CNN. April 2, 2017.
4509:"Powell, Colin Luther"
4173:Union City, New Jersey
4096:
4093:Union City, New Jersey
3789:of complications from
3778:
3472:General David Petraeus
3434:Defending the Iraq War
3169:
3116:
3076:on the United States.
3015:Hainan Island incident
3010:
2958:
2852:
2812:
2796:
2739:
2661:
2546:
2451:
2145:with oak leaf cluster
2063:with oak leaf cluster
1840:Awards and decorations
1562:Operation Desert Storm
1530:
1413:
1235:In his autobiography,
1222:White House Fellowship
1209:
1170:
1137:of operations for the
1026:
762:Operation Desert Storm
557:23rd Infantry Division
14214:Myrlie Evers-Williams
13970:Clarence Mitchell Jr.
13822:Mabel Keaton Staupers
13582:Charles Sidney Gilpin
13256:Edith Ellen Greenwood
13221:Theodore Leslie Futch
13181:James Leroy Bondsteel
12029:Secretary of Commerce
10516:. Wings-of-hope.org.
10489:"Colin Luther Powell"
9424:. November 12, 2019.
9092:. CNN. Archived from
8830:. CNN. Archived from
8260:. September 9, 2005.
8003:10.1515/9781503634152
7710:. September 8, 2005.
7391:Wood, B. Dan (2012).
7164:"Bush chooses Powell"
6481:"Colin Luther Powell"
6103:Bowden, Mark (1999).
5050:. NPR. May 22, 2012.
5022:The Biography Channel
4184:High Point University
4106:Boy Scouts of America
4090:
4052:Centreville, Virginia
4024:Sylvanus Thayer Award
3776:
3614:George Stephanopoulos
3604:In an interview with
3589:presidential election
3350:don't ask, don't tell
3290:Joint Chiefs of Staff
3155:
3110:
3000:
2956:Jaap de Hoop Scheffer
2953:
2842:
2819:for a multi-national
2805:model vial of anthrax
2802:
2782:
2747:2003 invasion of Iraq
2725:
2647:
2544:
2359:Vietnam Service Medal
1539:Department of Defense
1524:
1511:Joint Chiefs of Staff
1407:
1355:Fort Carson, Colorado
1351:4th Infantry Division
1329:Secretary of the Army
1207:
1200:After the Vietnam War
1156:
1116:South Vietnamese Army
1021:
574:Joint Chiefs of Staff
527:Years of service
14318:Frankie Muse Freeman
14082:Benjamin Elijah Mays
13710:Walter Francis White
13614:James Weldon Johnson
13590:Mary Burnett Talbert
13471:Walter K. Wilson Jr.
13336:Charles J. McDonnell
12343:Trade Representative
11917:Secretary of Defense
10798:. Lanham, Maryland:
10220:search.amphilsoc.org
10216:"APS Member History"
10145:on October 16, 2006.
9889:(October 19, 2021).
9751:. October 18, 2021.
9749:The Episcopal Church
9690:. October 18, 2021.
9096:on December 30, 2010
9033:The Washington Times
8978:on December 30, 2010
8721:on February 27, 2008
8464:. January 10, 2021.
8314:"Board of Directors"
8068:on November 16, 2004
7648:on February 12, 2007
7587:. Associated Press.
7090:. October 19, 2021.
6995:"How Mccain Does It"
6623:Gerald R. Ford Medal
6242:Italia, Bob (1991).
6056:Perry, Mark (2017).
5528:Mann, James (2004).
5433:. October 18, 2021.
5234:on September 2, 2000
5199:. October 18, 2021.
4960:bicentennial.gwu.edu
4819:, November 21, 2007.
4793:. October 18, 2021.
4430:The Washington Times
4216:United States portal
4102:Silver Buffalo Award
3851:Powell is buried at
3667:2012 Benghazi attack
3655:on him. Speaking to
3581:Obama administration
3440:Aspen Ideas Festival
3328:", and that Trump's
3205:Board of directors.
2706:September 11 attacks
2678:United States Senate
2656:listen to President
1627:Mohamed Farrah Aidid
1500:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1451:, the leader of the
1230:National War College
1063:Executive Order 9981
1032:, Powell joined the
1015:, Powell joined the
1011:While attending the
552:3rd Armored Division
18:General Colin Powell
14744:White House Fellows
13846:Theodore K. Lawless
13694:Mary McLeod Bethune
13638:Charles W. Chesnutt
13534:Ernest Everett Just
13446:Leon L. Van Autreve
13391:Stephen Silvasy Jr.
13246:David E. Grange Jr.
12154:Secretary of Energy
10821:My American Journey
10673:. February 21, 2024
10395:. August 30, 2016.
10302:. October 4, 2005.
9638:on February 4, 2013
9361:The Washington Post
9330:The Washington Post
9237:. August 21, 2016.
8834:on October 20, 2021
8664:The Washington Post
8603:The Washington Post
8139:The Washington Post
7904:The Washington Post
7871:The Washington Post
7677:The Washington Post
7461:The Washington Post
7353:. October 6, 2004.
7304:, pp. 338β339.
7249:The Washington Post
6975:on January 26, 2013
6625:. November 11, 2014
6022:"Reluctant warrior"
5615:The Washington Post
5126:My American Journey
4991:The Washington Post
4896:Washington Examiner
4171:In September 2012,
3803:Parkinson's disease
3541:generational change
3384:My American Journey
3368:My American Journey
3342:assault weapons ban
3298:moderate Republican
3256:Political positions
3248:On March 14, 2014,
3032:Chinese nationalism
2980:U.S. foreign policy
2774:unilateral approach
2581:on write-in votes.
2420:Foreign decorations
2374:Army Service Ribbon
1676:
1649:General of the Army
1623:Battle of Mogadishu
1573:military strategist
1392:Independent Counsel
1344:Army chief of staff
1237:My American Journey
1232:, Washington, D.C.
789:My American Journey
718:from 1989 to 1993.
646:Colin Luther Powell
368:New York City, U.S.
356:Colin Luther Powell
14654:People from Harlem
14649:Political realists
14358:Nathaniel R. Jones
14222:Earl G. Graves Sr.
14190:John Hope Franklin
13790:Percy Lavon Julian
13750:A. Philip Randolph
13670:Robert Russa Moton
13431:Clarence L. Tinker
13356:JosΓ© Antonio MuΓ±iz
13331:William A. Matheny
13281:Patrick J. Hessian
13266:William W. Hartzog
13211:John Thomas Corley
13148:Recipients of the
12874:Rev. Jesse Jackson
12295:Stephen L. Johnson
12193:Margaret Spellings
12054:Secretary of Labor
11854:Secretary of State
11318:1789–present
11315:Secretary of State
11210:Served alongside:
11095:Madeleine Albright
11033:Political offices
11008:The New York Times
10546:on August 30, 2012
10419:"GEN Colin Powell"
10083:on August 30, 2019
9141:Falcone, Michael.
8101:on January 2, 2007
8094:The New York Times
7768:, pp. 344β45.
7192:. January 20, 2001
6917:The New York Times
6886:The New York Times
6855:The New York Times
6824:The New York Times
6737:The New York Times
6152:The New York Times
5869:The New York Times
5813:The New York Times
5709:The New York Times
5280:Kearny, Cresson H.
4720:. March 30, 2016.
4578:The New York Times
4337:. October 19, 2021
4120:Molefi Kete Asante
4097:
4008:from 1987 to 1989.
3779:
3688:faithless electors
3420:military tribunals
3346:affirmative action
3170:
3117:
3102:recess appointment
3011:
3009:(January 5, 2005).
2959:
2895:Lawrence Wilkerson
2879:yellowcake forgery
2871:Ibrahim al-Marashi
2853:
2847:during a visit to
2833:biological weapons
2813:
2797:
2793:biological weapons
2662:
2624:faithless electors
2547:
2485:Skanderbeg's Order
2472:(M.S.C.) (Canada)
1992:Medals and ribbons
1818:December 30, 1959
1769:Lieutenant colonel
1709:Lieutenant general
1674:
1596:Madeleine Albright
1581:Clinton presidency
1554:invasion of Panama
1531:
1472:Commander in Chief
1445:lieutenant general
1414:
1382:IranβContra affair
1241:lieutenant colonel
1210:
1075:. After attending
990:Colin P. Kelly Jr.
881:Morris High School
758:invasion of Panama
611:Invasion of Panama
521:United States Army
409:(until 1995, 2021)
383:Bethesda, Maryland
224:John Shalikashvili
125:Madeleine Albright
14644:Pershing Riflemen
14421:
14420:
14415:
14414:
14398:Cato T. Laurencin
13782:Thurgood Marshall
13758:William H. Hastie
13622:Carter G. Woodson
13486:
13485:
13441:Alfred Valenzuela
13436:Jack L. Treadwell
13426:Hugh Thompson Jr.
13421:Thomas Tackaberry
13406:Christopher Speer
13376:Edwin W. Rawlings
13366:Frank D. Peregory
13316:Richard L. Lawson
13115:
13114:
12820:
12819:
12599:
12598:
12420:
12419:
12416:
12415:
12258:
12257:
11765:
11764:
11227:
11226:
11218:Succeeded by
11176:Succeeded by
11167:Recipient of the
11161:Mikhail Gorbachev
11141:Succeeded by
11119:Military offices
11109:Succeeded by
11082:Succeeded by
11055:Succeeded by
10945:978-1-883-95903-6
10913:978-0-06-213512-4
10809:978-0-7425-5187-9
10774:978-0-268-10512-9
10474:According to the
10393:Scouting Magazine
10332:The Baltimore Sun
10077:"Colin L. Powell"
10057:on August 2, 2014
9422:National Archives
9392:The Seattle Times
8801:The Seattle Times
8526:978-0-8476-8611-7
8012:978-1-5036-3415-2
7808:Los Angeles Times
7642:Los Angeles Times
7416:978-1-139-53669-1
7043:978-0-275-97107-6
7003:. March 6, 2000.
6706:The Seattle Times
6671:"Parvanov-Powell"
6382:978-0-7432-0212-1
6339:978-1-58648-516-0
6297:978-0-7862-2016-8
6255:978-1-56239-026-6
6067:978-0-465-07971-1
5664:978-0-3933-1860-9
5568:978-1-4766-7879-5
5534:. Penguin Books.
5510:978-0-3069-0324-3
5412:978-0-307-26593-7
5376:. US Army. 2021.
5317:, pp. 25β26.
5293:978-1-884067-10-5
5028:on August 7, 2007
4994:. July 28, 2000.
4791:Los Angeles Times
4760:978-0-7425-6535-7
4526:978-0-19-929567-8
4263:Pottery Barn rule
4118:In 2002, scholar
4013:Order of the Bath
3962:George H. W. Bush
3927:
3926:
3921:Order of the Bath
3757:, after a hacked
3653:email controversy
3428:Geneva Convention
3398:
3397:
3386:, January 7, 1996
3286:
3285:
3199:Revolution Health
3166:George H. W. Bush
3160:, Vice President
3147:Hurricane Katrina
3127:Sidney Blumenthal
2916:Richard A. Clarke
2803:Powell holding a
2751:Iraq Survey Group
2743:building the case
2616:electoral college
2586:America's Promise
2534:
2533:
2436:Order of the Bath
2417:
2416:
2172:Bronze Star Medal
2036:oak leaf clusters
1929:Air Assault Badge
1901:Parachutist Badge
1837:
1836:
1829:Second lieutenant
1758:February 1, 1976
1739:Brigadier general
1619:David E. Jeremiah
1488:U.S. Army Reserve
1468:George H. W. Bush
1449:Mikhail Gorbachev
1395:Lawrence E. Walsh
1362:Caspar Weinberger
1332:John O. Marsh Jr.
1186:Vietnamese people
1184:soldiers and the
1147:Charles M. Gettys
1103:, Massachusetts.
1057:second lieutenant
1040:begun by General
855:. He was born to
831:that damaged his
797:America's Promise
743:four-star general
739:second lieutenant
643:
642:
197:David E. Jeremiah
169:George H. W. Bush
16:(Redirected from
14816:
14534:Atlantic Council
14408:
14400:
14392:
14384:
14376:
14368:
14360:
14352:
14344:
14336:
14328:
14320:
14312:
14304:
14296:
14288:
14280:
14272:
14264:
14262:Robert L. Carter
14256:
14248:
14240:
14232:
14224:
14216:
14208:
14200:
14192:
14184:
14176:
14168:
14160:
14152:
14144:
14136:
14128:
14120:
14112:
14100:
14092:
14084:
14076:
14068:
14060:
14048:
14040:
14028:
14020:
14012:
14004:
13996:
13988:
13980:
13972:
13964:
13956:
13948:
13940:
13932:
13924:
13916:
13914:Robert C. Weaver
13908:
13906:Kenneth B. Clark
13900:
13892:
13884:
13882:Little Rock Nine
13872:
13864:
13856:
13848:
13840:
13838:Paul R. Williams
13832:
13824:
13816:
13808:
13800:
13792:
13784:
13776:
13768:
13760:
13752:
13744:
13736:
13728:
13720:
13712:
13704:
13696:
13688:
13680:
13672:
13664:
13656:
13648:
13640:
13632:
13624:
13616:
13608:
13600:
13592:
13584:
13576:
13574:W. E. B. Du Bois
13568:
13566:Archibald GrimkΓ©
13560:
13552:
13544:
13536:
13513:
13506:
13499:
13490:
13489:
13396:John K. Singlaub
13381:Richard Scholtes
13306:Melbourne Kimsey
13236:Hershel W. Gober
13216:Wayne A. Downing
13206:Lawrence Colburn
13142:
13135:
13128:
13119:
13118:
13027:Kerry Washington
12952:Condoleezza Rice
12847:
12840:
12833:
12824:
12823:
12815:
12626:
12619:
12612:
12603:
12602:
12594:
12593:
12466:
12465:
12447:
12440:
12433:
12424:
12423:
12264:
12263:
12249:Michael Chertoff
12212:Anthony Principi
12112:Alphonso Jackson
12043:Carlos Gutierrez
11956:Alberto Gonzales
11942:Attorney General
11868:Condoleezza Rice
11847:
11846:
11815:
11814:
11792:
11785:
11778:
11769:
11768:
11308:
11307:
11266:
11259:
11252:
11243:
11242:
11230:
11229:
11191:Preceded by
11158:Preceded by
11124:Preceded by
11112:Condoleezza Rice
11092:Preceded by
11065:Preceded by
11038:Preceded by
11030:
11029:
11026:
10999:
10957:
10930:Raimondo, Justin
10925:
10901:
10883:
10859:
10848:
10824:
10813:
10797:
10786:
10755:
10729:
10705:
10683:
10682:
10680:
10678:
10671:NBC 4 Washington
10663:
10657:
10656:
10654:
10652:
10633:
10627:
10618:
10612:
10594:
10588:
10587:
10585:
10583:
10577:
10570:
10562:
10556:
10555:
10553:
10551:
10542:. Archived from
10536:
10530:
10529:
10527:
10525:
10510:
10504:
10503:
10501:
10499:
10485:
10479:
10476:Fort Bliss Bugle
10472:
10466:
10451:
10445:
10444:
10438:
10430:
10428:
10426:
10415:
10409:
10408:
10406:
10404:
10385:
10379:
10378:
10376:
10374:
10355:
10349:
10348:
10346:
10344:
10322:
10316:
10315:
10313:
10311:
10290:
10284:
10283:
10281:
10279:
10264:
10258:
10257:
10255:
10253:
10237:
10231:
10230:
10228:
10226:
10212:
10206:
10205:
10203:
10201:
10186:
10180:
10179:
10177:
10175:
10153:
10147:
10146:
10135:
10129:
10128:
10126:
10124:
10118:
10107:
10099:
10093:
10092:
10090:
10088:
10073:
10067:
10066:
10064:
10062:
10053:. Archived from
10043:
10037:
10024:
10018:
10017:
10015:
10013:
10007:
10000:
9992:
9986:
9985:
9983:
9981:
9967:
9961:
9960:
9958:
9956:
9944:
9938:
9937:
9935:
9933:
9916:Jackson, David.
9913:
9907:
9906:
9904:
9902:
9883:
9877:
9876:
9874:
9872:
9850:
9844:
9843:
9841:
9839:
9817:
9811:
9810:
9798:
9792:
9791:
9789:
9787:
9771:
9765:
9764:
9762:
9760:
9741:
9735:
9734:
9732:
9730:
9710:
9704:
9703:
9701:
9699:
9680:
9674:
9673:
9671:
9669:
9654:
9648:
9647:
9645:
9643:
9621:
9615:
9614:
9612:
9610:
9584:
9578:
9577:
9575:
9573:
9558:
9552:
9551:
9549:
9547:
9525:
9519:
9518:
9516:
9514:
9498:
9492:
9491:
9489:
9487:
9471:
9465:
9464:
9462:
9460:
9444:
9438:
9437:
9435:
9433:
9414:
9408:
9407:
9405:
9403:
9383:
9377:
9376:
9374:
9372:
9352:
9346:
9345:
9343:
9341:
9321:
9315:
9314:
9312:
9310:
9288:
9282:
9281:
9279:
9277:
9257:
9251:
9250:
9248:
9246:
9227:
9221:
9220:
9218:
9216:
9196:
9190:
9189:
9187:
9185:
9169:
9163:
9162:
9160:
9158:
9138:
9132:
9131:
9129:
9127:
9112:
9106:
9105:
9103:
9101:
9086:
9080:
9079:
9077:
9075:
9055:
9049:
9048:
9046:
9044:
9024:
9018:
9017:
9015:
9013:
9008:on March 3, 2014
8994:
8988:
8987:
8985:
8983:
8968:
8962:
8961:
8959:
8957:
8937:
8931:
8930:
8928:
8926:
8911:
8902:
8901:
8899:
8897:
8882:
8873:
8872:
8870:
8868:
8860:The Boston Globe
8850:
8844:
8843:
8841:
8839:
8823:
8817:
8816:
8814:
8812:
8807:on June 28, 2011
8793:
8787:
8786:
8784:
8782:
8766:
8760:
8759:
8757:
8755:
8740:
8731:
8730:
8728:
8726:
8720:
8713:
8705:
8699:
8686:
8680:
8679:
8677:
8675:
8656:
8650:
8649:
8647:
8645:
8625:
8619:
8618:
8616:
8614:
8594:
8588:
8582:
8576:
8575:
8573:
8571:
8549:
8543:
8542:
8540:
8538:
8510:
8504:
8503:
8501:
8499:
8493:Business Insider
8484:
8478:
8477:
8475:
8473:
8457:
8449:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8438:
8418:
8412:
8411:
8409:
8407:
8388:
8382:
8381:
8379:
8377:
8362:
8356:
8355:
8353:
8351:
8336:
8330:
8329:
8327:
8325:
8310:
8304:
8303:
8301:
8299:
8280:
8274:
8273:
8271:
8269:
8250:
8244:
8243:
8241:
8239:
8219:
8213:
8212:
8210:
8208:
8193:
8187:
8186:
8184:
8182:
8162:
8156:
8155:
8153:
8151:
8129:
8123:
8117:
8111:
8110:
8108:
8106:
8097:. Archived from
8084:
8078:
8077:
8075:
8073:
8054:
8048:
8047:
8045:
8043:
8023:
8017:
8016:
7984:
7973:
7972:
7970:
7968:
7953:
7947:
7946:
7944:
7942:
7927:
7921:
7920:
7918:
7916:
7894:
7888:
7887:
7885:
7883:
7861:
7855:
7854:
7852:
7850:
7830:
7824:
7823:
7821:
7819:
7799:
7793:
7787:
7781:
7775:
7769:
7763:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7752:
7730:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7719:
7700:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7689:
7667:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7653:
7644:. Archived from
7633:
7627:
7626:
7624:
7622:
7607:
7601:
7600:
7598:
7596:
7580:
7574:
7573:
7571:
7569:
7547:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7536:
7517:
7511:
7510:
7508:
7506:
7484:
7478:
7477:
7475:
7473:
7451:
7445:
7439:
7433:
7432:
7430:
7428:
7388:
7382:
7381:
7373:
7367:
7366:
7364:
7362:
7341:
7335:
7334:
7332:
7330:
7314:
7305:
7299:
7293:
7287:
7281:
7280:
7272:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7239:
7233:
7232:
7222:
7216:
7215:
7208:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7197:
7180:
7174:
7173:
7159:
7153:
7152:
7144:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7130:
7110:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7099:
7078:
7072:
7066:
7060:
7059:
7057:
7055:
7023:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7012:
6991:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6980:
6971:. Archived from
6965:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6954:
6939:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6928:
6908:
6902:
6901:
6899:
6897:
6877:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6866:
6846:
6840:
6839:
6837:
6835:
6815:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6804:
6788:
6782:
6759:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6728:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6717:
6697:
6691:
6690:
6684:
6682:
6667:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6656:
6641:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6630:
6615:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6604:
6585:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6571:
6551:
6542:
6541:
6535:
6533:
6510:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6477:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6451:
6432:
6403:
6402:
6396:
6394:
6366:
6360:
6359:
6353:
6351:
6323:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6309:
6281:
6275:
6274:
6269:
6267:
6239:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6225:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6187:
6180:Associated Press
6170:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6159:
6144:
6135:
6134:
6100:
6094:
6093:
6087:
6079:
6053:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6039:
6018:
6012:
6006:
6000:
5994:
5988:
5982:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5956:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5908:War on the Rocks
5899:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5888:
5861:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5838:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5731:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5701:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5678:
5669:
5668:
5650:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5606:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5552:
5546:
5545:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5494:
5488:
5487:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5453:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5366:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5324:
5318:
5312:
5306:
5305:
5276:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5258:Army History.org
5250:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5224:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5189:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5129:
5119:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5014:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4982:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4952:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4927:
4916:
4915:
4909:
4907:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4873:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4844:
4829:
4820:
4817:The Jewish Press
4813:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4710:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4568:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4380:
4374:
4368:
4359:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4296:
4290:
4283:
4232:
4230:Biography portal
4227:
4226:
4225:
4218:
4213:
4212:
4211:
3951:Jefferson Awards
3875:
3863:
3862:
3783:multiple myeloma
3594:CBS This Morning
3424:enemy combatants
3409:neoconservatives
3378:
3377:
3363:
3362:
3292:, Powell was an
3272:
3271:
3260:
3259:
3054:Condoleezza Rice
2992:Augusto Pinochet
2988:Salvador Allende
2910:As recounted in
2811:in February 2003
2789:Security Council
2737:
2710:War on Terrorism
2698:Alejandro Toledo
2683:George F. Kennan
2664:President-elect
2650:Condoleezza Rice
2525:
2511:
2496:
2481:
2466:
2456:
2453:LΓ©gion d'honneur
2447:
2431:
2424:
2423:
2393:
2387:
2370:
2353:
2347:
2324:
2318:
2301:
2287:
2272:
2257:
2240:
2234:
2227:
2210:
2196:
2182:
2168:
2154:
2137:
2131:
2114:
2100:
2086:
2072:
2055:
2049:
2026:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1996:
1995:
1981:
1967:
1953:
1939:
1925:
1915:Pathfinder Badge
1911:
1897:
1883:
1869:
1855:
1827:
1814:First lieutenant
1812:
1797:
1782:
1767:
1752:
1737:
1722:
1707:
1692:
1677:
1673:
1583:. However, as a
1566:Persian Gulf War
1528:
1496:Continental U.S.
1466:under President
1340:James R. Ambrose
1224:under President
1168:
1069:state of Georgia
1066:
984:
978:
977:
974:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
946:
940:
939:
936:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
766:Persian Gulf War
733:. He joined the
702:
698:
693:
692:
689:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
672:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
634:
512:Military service
507:
482:
445:
443:
439:
379:
376:October 18, 2021
365:
363:
347:Personal details
335:
323:
306:
285:
273:
242:
220:
212:William J. Crowe
208:
192:Robert T. Herres
155:
137:Condoleezza Rice
133:
121:
113:Richard Armitage
90:
66:
52:
51:
47:
40:
21:
14824:
14823:
14819:
14818:
14817:
14815:
14814:
14813:
14614:Mα»Ή Lai massacre
14424:
14423:
14422:
14417:
14416:
14411:
14403:
14395:
14387:
14382:Patrick Gaspard
14379:
14371:
14363:
14355:
14347:
14339:
14331:
14326:Harry Belafonte
14323:
14315:
14307:
14299:
14291:
14283:
14275:
14267:
14259:
14251:
14243:
14235:
14227:
14219:
14211:
14203:
14195:
14187:
14179:
14171:
14163:
14155:
14147:
14139:
14131:
14123:
14115:
14103:
14095:
14087:
14079:
14071:
14063:
14051:
14043:
14031:
14023:
14015:
14007:
13999:
13991:
13983:
13975:
13967:
13962:Sammy Davis Jr.
13959:
13951:
13946:John H. Johnson
13943:
13935:
13927:
13919:
13911:
13903:
13898:Langston Hughes
13895:
13887:
13875:
13867:
13862:Jackie Robinson
13859:
13851:
13843:
13835:
13827:
13819:
13811:
13803:
13795:
13787:
13779:
13771:
13766:Charles R. Drew
13763:
13755:
13747:
13739:
13734:Louis T. Wright
13731:
13726:Marian Anderson
13723:
13715:
13707:
13699:
13691:
13683:
13675:
13667:
13659:
13651:
13643:
13635:
13630:Anthony Overton
13627:
13619:
13611:
13603:
13595:
13587:
13579:
13571:
13563:
13555:
13547:
13539:
13531:
13523:
13517:
13487:
13482:
13475:
13386:Preston Schoyer
13341:Jack N. Merritt
13301:Otto Kerner Jr.
13276:Anthony Herbert
13241:John F. Goodman
13186:Leonard Boswell
13166:Glenn Andreotta
13152:
13150:Soldier's Medal
13146:
13116:
13111:
13096:Gabrielle Union
13068:
13003:
12980:Soledad O'Brien
12974:Susan L. Taylor
12962:Serena Williams
12934:
12892:
12868:Ella Fitzgerald
12856:
12851:
12821:
12816:
12807:
12635:
12630:
12600:
12595:
12591:
12586:
12467:
12463:
12456:
12451:
12421:
12412:
12387:
12382:John P. Walters
12368:
12351:Robert Zoellick
12337:
12300:
12269:
12254:
12229:
12198:
12173:
12162:Spencer Abraham
12148:
12123:
12092:
12067:
12048:
12023:
11992:
11987:Dirk Kempthorne
11967:
11962:Michael Mukasey
11936:
11925:Donald Rumsfeld
11911:
11894:Paul H. O'Neill
11880:
11848:
11844:
11839:
11820:
11809:
11796:
11766:
11761:
11752:
11317:
11309:
11305:
11300:
11284:1781–1789
11283:
11275:
11270:
11235:
11223:
11209:
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11085:Brent Scowcroft
11078:
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11058:John Negroponte
11051:
11043:
10964:
10946:
10914:
10890:
10888:Further reading
10872:
10837:
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10734:LaFeber, Walter
10718:
10708:Alfred A. Knopf
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8585:O'Sullivan 2009
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7708:ABC News: 20/20
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7464:. p. A01.
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7401:. p. 141.
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7252:. p. A01.
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7069:O'Sullivan 2010
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7036:. p. 109.
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6009:O'Sullivan 2010
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5078:achievement.org
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4691:on July 4, 2008
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4619:The Japan Times
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4515:(3d ed.).
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4209:
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4161:Harry S. Truman
4129:. It is in the
3861:
3838:Hillary Clinton
3771:
3726:Powell married
3724:
3696:
3649:Hillary Clinton
3623:
3575:interview with
3571:In a July 2009
3569:
3547:interview with
3526:soldier in the
3524:Muslim American
3481:
3436:
3375:
3302:neoconservative
3296:. Powell was a
3269:
3258:
3197:'s new company
3082:
3039:Darfur genocide
2976:
2933:neoconservative
2902:Barbara Walters
2738:
2732:
2724:
2718:
2670:Crawford, Texas
2654:Donald Rumsfeld
2642:
2634:Main articles:
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2158:Soldier's Medal
2143:Legion of Merit
2139:
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2132:
2057:
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2021:
2014:
2007:
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1842:
1728:August 1, 1983
1672:
1664:
1631:Lockheed AC-130
1577:Powell Doctrine
1560:from power and
1519:
1347:Edward C. Meyer
1336:under secretary
1301:
1289:Abraham Lincoln
1263:black militants
1202:
1178:Mα»Ή Lai massacre
1169:
1163:
1155:
1143:Soldier's Medal
1109:
1071:, where he was
1050:
1034:Pershing Rifles
1009:
997:
995:Military career
982:
955:
951:
944:
917:
913:
841:
770:Powell Doctrine
700:
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620:
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495:
473:
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418:
400:Political party
381:
377:
367:
361:
359:
358:
357:
338:John Negroponte
333:
321:
307:
302:
289:Brent Scowcroft
283:
271:
265:John Negroponte
243:
238:
218:
206:
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14350:Sidney Poitier
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14118:Benjamin Hooks
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13890:Duke Ellington
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13849:
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13830:Harry T. Moore
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13550:Harry Burleigh
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13520:Spingarn Medal
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7997:. p. 64.
7974:
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7782:
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6001:
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5736:Foreign Policy
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4753:. p. ix.
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4287:The New Yorker
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3822:George W. Bush
3770:
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3723:
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3560:Meet the Press
3549:Fareed Zakaria
3505:Meet the Press
3480:
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3312:following the
3306:foreign policy
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3250:Salesforce.com
3187:Lindsey Graham
3086:Lincoln Chafee
3081:
3078:
3046:Walter LaFeber
2975:
2972:
2963:Saddam Hussein
2924:Paul Wolfowitz
2858:Channel 4 News
2770:Saddam Hussein
2733:Colin Powell,
2730:
2720:Main article:
2717:
2714:
2666:George W. Bush
2658:George W. Bush
2631:
2628:
2618:vote count of
2605:George W. Bush
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1600:Bosnian crisis
1558:Manuel Noriega
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1504:Alexander Haig
1492:National Guard
1476:Forces Command
1430:Frank Carlucci
1321:Medal of Honor
1309:Frank Carlucci
1300:
1297:
1285:Harold Brown's
1281:Graham Claytor
1277:Charles Duncan
1201:
1198:
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1135:chief of staff
1108:
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1093:platoon leader
1077:basic training
1049:
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871:and Maud as a
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780:regarding the
774:George W. Bush
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13461:Brad Wenstrup
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13314:
13312:
13309:
13307:
13304:
13302:
13299:
13297:
13294:
13292:
13289:
13287:
13284:
13282:
13279:
13277:
13274:
13272:
13269:
13267:
13264:
13262:
13259:
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13254:
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13077:
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13064:
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13040:
13037:
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13006:
12999:
12996:
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12990:
12987:
12984:
12981:
12978:
12975:
12972:
12969:
12966:
12963:
12959:
12956:
12953:
12950:
12947:
12944:
12943:
12941:
12937:
12930:
12926:
12923:
12920:
12917:
12914:
12913:Alexis Herman
12911:
12908:
12907:Bryant Gumbel
12905:
12902:
12901:
12899:
12895:
12888:
12884:
12881:
12878:
12875:
12872:
12869:
12866:
12865:
12863:
12859:
12855:
12848:
12843:
12841:
12836:
12834:
12829:
12828:
12825:
12814:
12804:
12801:
12799:
12796:
12793:
12790:
12788:
12785:
12783:
12780:
12777:
12774:
12772:
12769:
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12762:
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12757:
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12749:
12747:
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12698:
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12678:
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12638:
12634:
12627:
12622:
12620:
12615:
12613:
12608:
12607:
12604:
12583:
12580:
12578:
12575:
12573:
12570:
12568:
12565:
12563:
12560:
12558:
12555:
12553:
12550:
12548:
12545:
12543:
12542:Shalikashvili
12540:
12538:
12535:
12532:
12530:
12527:
12525:
12522:
12520:
12517:
12515:
12512:
12510:
12507:
12505:
12502:
12500:
12497:
12495:
12492:
12490:
12487:
12485:
12482:
12480:
12477:
12475:
12472:
12471:
12459:
12455:
12448:
12443:
12441:
12436:
12434:
12429:
12428:
12425:
12408:
12407:Joshua Bolten
12405:
12402:
12399:
12398:
12396:
12394:
12390:
12383:
12380:
12379:
12377:
12375:
12371:
12364:
12361:
12358:
12355:
12352:
12349:
12348:
12346:
12344:
12340:
12333:
12330:
12327:
12324:
12321:
12320:Joshua Bolten
12318:
12315:
12314:Mitch Daniels
12312:
12311:
12309:
12307:
12303:
12296:
12293:
12290:
12287:
12284:
12281:
12280:
12278:
12276:
12272:
12268:Cabinet-level
12265:
12261:
12250:
12247:
12244:
12241:
12240:
12238:
12236:
12232:
12225:
12222:
12219:
12218:Jim Nicholson
12216:
12213:
12210:
12209:
12207:
12205:
12201:
12194:
12191:
12188:
12185:
12184:
12182:
12180:
12176:
12169:
12168:Samuel Bodman
12166:
12163:
12160:
12159:
12157:
12155:
12151:
12144:
12141:
12138:
12137:Norman Mineta
12135:
12134:
12132:
12130:
12126:
12119:
12118:Steve Preston
12116:
12113:
12110:
12107:
12104:
12103:
12101:
12099:
12095:
12088:
12085:
12082:
12079:
12078:
12076:
12074:
12070:
12063:
12060:
12059:
12057:
12055:
12051:
12044:
12041:
12038:
12035:
12034:
12032:
12030:
12026:
12019:
12016:
12013:
12010:
12007:
12004:
12003:
12001:
11999:
11995:
11988:
11985:
11982:
11979:
11978:
11976:
11974:
11970:
11963:
11960:
11957:
11954:
11951:
11950:John Ashcroft
11948:
11947:
11945:
11943:
11939:
11932:
11929:
11926:
11923:
11922:
11920:
11918:
11914:
11907:
11906:Henry Paulson
11904:
11901:
11898:
11895:
11892:
11891:
11889:
11887:
11883:
11875:
11872:
11871:
11869:
11866:
11863:
11860:
11859:
11857:
11855:
11851:
11835:
11832:
11831:
11829:
11827:
11823:
11816:
11812:
11807:
11804:
11800:
11793:
11788:
11786:
11781:
11779:
11774:
11773:
11770:
11760:
11755:
11747:
11744:
11743:
11742:
11739:
11735:
11732:
11731:
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11727:
11723:
11720:
11719:
11718:
11715:
11711:
11708:
11707:
11706:
11703:
11699:
11696:
11694:
11691:
11690:
11689:
11686:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
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11672:
11669:
11665:
11662:
11661:
11660:
11657:
11653:
11650:
11649:
11648:
11645:
11641:
11638:
11637:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11628:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11618:
11616:
11613:
11611:
11608:
11606:
11603:
11601:
11598:
11596:
11593:
11591:
11588:
11586:
11583:
11581:
11578:
11576:
11573:
11571:
11568:
11566:
11563:
11561:
11558:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11548:
11546:
11543:
11541:
11538:
11536:
11533:
11531:
11528:
11526:
11523:
11521:
11518:
11516:
11513:
11511:
11508:
11506:
11503:
11501:
11498:
11496:
11493:
11491:
11488:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11465:Frelinghuysen
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11386:
11383:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11375:E. Livingston
11373:
11371:
11368:
11366:
11363:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11323:
11322:
11320:
11316:
11312:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11291:R. Livingston
11289:
11288:
11286:
11282:
11278:
11274:
11267:
11262:
11260:
11255:
11253:
11248:
11247:
11244:
11238:
11231:
11222:
11215:
11214:
11208:
11204:
11203:
11195:
11189:
11184:
11180:
11179:Yitzhak Rabin
11171:
11170:
11162:
11156:
11151:
11145:
11136:
11135:
11128:
11127:William Crowe
11122:
11117:
11113:
11104:
11103:
11096:
11090:
11086:
11077:
11076:
11069:
11063:
11059:
11050:
11049:
11042:
11036:
11031:
11025:
11021:
11020:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11009:
11004:
11001:
10998:
10993:
10989:
10986:
10984:
10983:
10978:
10975:
10973:
10969:
10966:
10965:
10955:
10951:
10947:
10941:
10937:
10936:
10931:
10927:
10923:
10919:
10915:
10909:
10905:
10904:HarperCollins
10900:
10899:
10892:
10891:
10881:
10877:
10873:
10871:0-313-32266-X
10867:
10863:
10858:
10857:
10850:
10846:
10842:
10838:
10832:
10828:
10823:
10822:
10815:
10811:
10805:
10801:
10796:
10795:
10788:
10784:
10780:
10776:
10770:
10766:
10762:
10757:
10753:
10749:
10745:
10741:
10740:
10735:
10731:
10727:
10723:
10719:
10717:1-4000-4170-8
10713:
10709:
10704:
10703:
10697:
10693:
10692:
10672:
10668:
10662:
10646:
10642:
10638:
10632:
10625:
10624:
10617:
10610:
10606:
10602:
10599:
10593:
10574:
10567:
10561:
10545:
10541:
10535:
10519:
10515:
10509:
10494:
10490:
10484:
10477:
10471:
10464:
10463:1-57392-963-8
10460:
10456:
10450:
10442:
10436:
10420:
10414:
10398:
10394:
10390:
10384:
10368:
10364:
10363:Wilson Center
10360:
10354:
10338:
10334:
10333:
10328:
10321:
10305:
10301:
10300:
10295:
10289:
10274:
10270:
10263:
10247:
10243:
10236:
10221:
10217:
10211:
10195:
10191:
10185:
10169:
10165:
10164:
10159:
10152:
10144:
10140:
10134:
10115:
10111:
10104:
10098:
10082:
10078:
10072:
10056:
10052:
10048:
10042:
10035:
10031:
10028:
10023:
10004:
9997:
9991:
9976:
9972:
9966:
9950:
9943:
9927:
9923:
9919:
9912:
9896:
9892:
9888:
9882:
9866:
9862:
9861:
9856:
9849:
9833:
9829:
9828:
9823:
9816:
9808:
9804:
9797:
9781:
9777:
9770:
9754:
9750:
9746:
9740:
9724:
9720:
9716:
9709:
9693:
9689:
9685:
9679:
9663:
9659:
9653:
9637:
9633:
9632:
9627:
9620:
9604:
9600:
9596:
9595:
9590:
9583:
9568:
9564:
9557:
9541:
9537:
9536:
9531:
9524:
9508:
9504:
9497:
9481:
9477:
9470:
9454:
9450:
9443:
9427:
9423:
9419:
9413:
9397:
9393:
9389:
9382:
9366:
9362:
9358:
9351:
9335:
9331:
9327:
9320:
9309:September 15,
9304:
9300:
9299:
9294:
9287:
9271:
9267:
9263:
9256:
9245:September 14,
9240:
9236:
9232:
9226:
9215:September 14,
9210:
9206:
9202:
9195:
9184:September 14,
9179:
9175:
9168:
9152:
9148:
9144:
9137:
9121:
9117:
9111:
9095:
9091:
9085:
9069:
9065:
9061:
9054:
9043:September 17,
9038:
9034:
9030:
9023:
9007:
9003:
8999:
8993:
8977:
8973:
8967:
8951:
8947:
8943:
8936:
8920:
8916:
8910:
8908:
8891:
8887:
8881:
8879:
8862:
8861:
8856:
8849:
8833:
8829:
8822:
8806:
8802:
8798:
8792:
8776:
8772:
8765:
8749:
8745:
8739:
8737:
8717:
8710:
8704:
8698:
8694:
8691:
8685:
8669:
8665:
8661:
8655:
8639:
8635:
8631:
8624:
8608:
8604:
8600:
8593:
8586:
8581:
8565:
8561:
8560:
8555:
8548:
8532:
8528:
8522:
8518:
8517:
8509:
8494:
8490:
8487:Porter, Tom.
8483:
8467:
8463:
8462:
8454:
8448:
8432:
8428:
8424:
8417:
8401:
8397:
8393:
8387:
8371:
8367:
8361:
8345:
8341:
8335:
8319:
8315:
8309:
8293:
8289:
8285:
8279:
8263:
8259:
8255:
8249:
8233:
8229:
8225:
8218:
8202:
8198:
8192:
8176:
8172:
8168:
8161:
8145:
8141:
8140:
8135:
8128:
8121:
8120:Matthews 2019
8116:
8100:
8096:
8095:
8090:
8083:
8067:
8063:
8059:
8053:
8037:
8033:
8029:
8022:
8014:
8008:
8004:
8000:
7996:
7992:
7991:
7983:
7981:
7979:
7962:
7958:
7952:
7936:
7932:
7926:
7910:
7906:
7905:
7900:
7893:
7877:
7873:
7872:
7867:
7860:
7844:
7840:
7836:
7829:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7798:
7791:
7790:DeYoung 2006a
7786:
7779:
7778:DeYoung 2006a
7774:
7767:
7766:DeYoung 2006a
7762:
7746:
7742:
7741:
7736:
7729:
7713:
7709:
7705:
7699:
7683:
7679:
7678:
7673:
7666:
7664:
7647:
7643:
7639:
7632:
7616:
7612:
7606:
7590:
7586:
7579:
7563:
7559:
7558:
7553:
7546:
7530:
7526:
7522:
7516:
7500:
7496:
7495:
7490:
7483:
7467:
7463:
7462:
7457:
7450:
7443:
7442:DeYoung 2006a
7438:
7422:
7418:
7412:
7408:
7404:
7400:
7396:
7395:
7387:
7379:
7372:
7356:
7352:
7351:
7346:
7340:
7324:
7320:
7313:
7311:
7303:
7302:DeYoung 2006a
7298:
7291:
7286:
7278:
7271:
7255:
7251:
7250:
7245:
7238:
7230:
7229:
7221:
7213:
7207:
7191:
7190:
7189:U.S. Congress
7185:
7179:
7171:
7170:
7165:
7158:
7150:
7143:
7141:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7109:
7093:
7089:
7088:
7083:
7077:
7071:, p. xi.
7070:
7065:
7049:
7045:
7039:
7035:
7031:
7030:
7022:
7006:
7002:
7001:
6996:
6990:
6974:
6970:
6964:
6948:
6944:
6938:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6907:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6876:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6845:
6829:
6825:
6821:
6814:
6798:
6794:
6787:
6780:
6776:
6772:
6768:
6764:
6758:
6742:
6738:
6734:
6727:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6696:
6689:
6676:
6672:
6666:
6650:
6646:
6640:
6624:
6620:
6614:
6598:
6594:
6590:
6584:
6582:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6550:
6548:
6540:
6532:September 18,
6527:
6523:
6519:
6515:
6509:
6507:
6490:
6486:
6485:Hall of Valor
6482:
6476:
6474:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6462:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6417:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6409:
6401:
6388:
6384:
6378:
6374:
6373:
6365:
6358:
6345:
6341:
6335:
6331:
6330:
6322:
6315:
6303:
6299:
6293:
6289:
6288:
6280:
6273:
6261:
6257:
6251:
6247:
6246:
6238:
6231:
6219:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6203:
6197:
6182:
6181:
6176:
6169:
6158:September 29,
6153:
6149:
6143:
6141:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6122:0-87113-738-0
6118:
6114:
6110:
6106:
6099:
6091:
6085:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6063:
6059:
6052:
6050:
6033:
6029:
6028:
6023:
6017:
6010:
6005:
5998:
5997:DeYoung 2006a
5993:
5987:, p. 95.
5986:
5981:
5965:
5961:
5955:
5939:
5935:
5929:
5913:
5909:
5905:
5898:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5867:
5860:
5844:
5837:
5835:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5803:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5773:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5742:(66): 77β97.
5741:
5737:
5730:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5700:
5684:
5677:
5675:
5666:
5660:
5656:
5649:
5647:
5645:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5551:
5543:
5537:
5533:
5532:
5524:
5516:
5512:
5506:
5502:
5501:
5493:
5485:
5478:
5462:
5458:
5452:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5422:
5414:
5408:
5404:
5403:
5395:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5365:
5363:
5346:
5342:
5336:
5332:
5331:
5323:
5316:
5311:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5275:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5233:
5229:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5188:
5186:
5169:
5165:
5159:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5137:
5133:
5128:
5127:
5118:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5069:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5013:
4997:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4981:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4936:
4932:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4914:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4867:
4863:
4857:
4850:
4838:
4834:
4828:
4826:
4818:
4812:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4766:
4762:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4739:
4728:September 30,
4723:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4707:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4672:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4641:
4625:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4608:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4503:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4473:
4457:
4451:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4420:
4412:
4406:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4373:, p. 71.
4372:
4367:
4365:
4357:
4352:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4282:
4278:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4220:
4217:
4206:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4159:In 2006, The
4158:
4155:
4151:
4149:
4148:Wings of Hope
4145:
4143:
4139:
4136:
4133:, located on
4132:
4128:
4124:
4121:
4117:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4041:Liberty Medal
4038:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4002:Ronald Reagan
3999:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3960:by President
3959:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3922:
3917:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3856:
3854:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3799:immune system
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3775:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3722:Personal life
3719:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3691:
3689:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3636:
3631:
3629:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3372:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3282:
3278:
3276:
3266:
3261:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3221:2008 election
3218:
3213:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3040:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2964:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2736:
2729:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2590:socioeconomic
2587:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2543:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2403:award numeral
2400:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1997:
1986:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1833:June 9, 1958
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1803:June 2, 1962
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1788:May 24, 1966
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1773:July 9, 1970
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1743:June 1, 1979
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1724:Major general
1721:
1717:
1716:
1713:July 1, 1986
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1670:Dates of rank
1667:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1494:units in the
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1437:Ronald Reagan
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1410:Ronald Reagan
1406:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1317:Roy Benavidez
1314:
1313:Ronald Reagan
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1245:32nd Infantry
1242:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1226:Richard Nixon
1223:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:48th Infantry
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1042:John Pershing
1039:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1004:
1002:
992:
991:
987:
986:
976:
949:
948:
938:
910:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
836:
834:
833:immune system
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
811:(twice), the
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:
691:
647:
638:
633:
627:
623:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
601:
597:
591:
588:2nd Brigade,
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
571:
570:
568:
564:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
547:
543:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:
522:
519:
515:
510:
506:
502:
498:
491:
487:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:
469:
465:
462:
458:
455:3, including
454:
450:
430:
425:
421:
414:
411:
408:
405:
404:
402:
398:
395:
392:
390:Resting place
388:
384:
375:
371:
366:April 5, 1937
354:
350:
345:
341:
337:
331:
328:
325:
319:
316:Ronald Reagan
315:
311:
305:
300:
297:
293:
290:
287:
281:
278:
275:
269:
266:
263:
261:
257:
254:
253:Ronald Reagan
251:
247:
241:
236:
233:
228:
225:
222:
216:
213:
210:
204:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
187:
185:
181:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
164:
160:
154:
149:
146:
141:
138:
135:
129:
126:
123:
117:
114:
111:
109:
105:
102:
99:
95:
89:
84:
81:
76:
72:
65:
60:
53:
50:
45:
38:
34:
19:
14389:
14374:Willie Brown
14365:
14342:Quincy Jones
14310:Cicely Tyson
14286:John Conyers
14182:Maya Angelou
14158:Colin Powell
14157:
14126:Percy Sutton
14097:
14054:Andrew Young
14045:
14017:
14002:Wilson Riles
13994:Gordon Parks
13922:Medgar Evers
13806:Ralph Bunche
13774:Paul Robeson
13717:
13606:Roland Hayes
13371:Colin Powell
13370:
13346:Leo J. Meyer
13296:Eli D. Hoyle
13286:Don Holleder
13231:Elmer Gedeon
13171:Clift Andrus
13080:LeBron James
13051:Danny Glover
13045:Lonnie Bunch
13015:Colin Powell
13014:
12992:Muhammad Ali
12946:Bill Clinton
12925:Tavis Smiley
12880:Jheryl Busby
12725:
12536:
12528:
12363:Susan Schwab
12289:Mike Leavitt
12106:Mel MartΓnez
12087:Mike Leavitt
12037:Donald Evans
12012:Mike Johanns
11931:Robert Gates
11900:John W. Snow
11870:(2005β2009)
11862:Colin Powell
11861:
11658:
11211:
11199:
11166:
11132:
11100:
11073:
11046:
11041:Peter Rodman
11019:The Guardian
11017:
11014:Colin Powell
11006:
11003:Colin Powell
10988:Colin Powell
10982:Charlie Rose
10981:
10977:Colin Powell
10934:
10897:
10855:
10827:Random House
10820:
10793:
10760:
10743:
10737:
10701:
10675:. Retrieved
10661:
10649:. Retrieved
10640:
10631:
10626:. pp. 1, 11.
10621:
10616:
10592:
10580:. Retrieved
10573:the original
10560:
10548:. Retrieved
10544:the original
10534:
10522:. Retrieved
10508:
10496:. Retrieved
10492:
10483:
10475:
10470:
10454:
10449:
10423:. Retrieved
10413:
10401:. Retrieved
10392:
10383:
10371:. Retrieved
10353:
10341:. Retrieved
10330:
10320:
10308:. Retrieved
10297:
10288:
10276:. Retrieved
10262:
10250:. Retrieved
10235:
10223:. Retrieved
10219:
10210:
10198:. Retrieved
10184:
10172:. Retrieved
10163:The Guardian
10161:
10151:
10143:the original
10133:
10121:. Retrieved
10109:
10097:
10085:. Retrieved
10081:the original
10071:
10059:. Retrieved
10055:the original
10041:
10022:
10010:. Retrieved
9990:
9978:. Retrieved
9965:
9953:. Retrieved
9942:
9930:. Retrieved
9921:
9911:
9899:. Retrieved
9887:Benen, Steve
9881:
9869:. Retrieved
9858:
9848:
9836:. Retrieved
9825:
9815:
9806:
9796:
9784:. Retrieved
9769:
9757:. Retrieved
9748:
9739:
9727:. Retrieved
9721:. New York.
9718:
9708:
9696:. Retrieved
9687:
9678:
9666:. Retrieved
9661:
9652:
9640:. Retrieved
9636:the original
9631:The Atlantic
9629:
9619:
9607:. Retrieved
9592:
9582:
9570:. Retrieved
9566:
9556:
9544:. Retrieved
9533:
9523:
9511:. Retrieved
9496:
9484:. Retrieved
9469:
9457:. Retrieved
9442:
9430:. Retrieved
9421:
9412:
9402:December 19,
9400:. Retrieved
9391:
9381:
9369:. Retrieved
9360:
9350:
9338:. Retrieved
9329:
9319:
9307:. Retrieved
9296:
9286:
9274:. Retrieved
9265:
9255:
9243:. Retrieved
9234:
9225:
9213:. Retrieved
9204:
9194:
9182:. Retrieved
9167:
9155:. Retrieved
9146:
9136:
9124:. Retrieved
9110:
9100:December 15,
9098:. Retrieved
9094:the original
9084:
9072:. Retrieved
9063:
9053:
9041:. Retrieved
9032:
9022:
9010:. Retrieved
9006:the original
9001:
8992:
8980:. Retrieved
8976:the original
8966:
8954:. Retrieved
8945:
8935:
8923:. Retrieved
8894:. Retrieved
8865:. Retrieved
8858:
8848:
8836:. Retrieved
8832:the original
8821:
8811:February 13,
8809:. Retrieved
8805:the original
8800:
8791:
8781:February 13,
8779:. Retrieved
8773:. CBS News.
8764:
8752:. Retrieved
8725:February 22,
8723:. Retrieved
8716:the original
8703:
8684:
8672:. Retrieved
8663:
8654:
8642:. Retrieved
8634:The Guardian
8633:
8623:
8611:. Retrieved
8602:
8592:
8580:
8568:. Retrieved
8557:
8547:
8535:. Retrieved
8515:
8508:
8496:. Retrieved
8492:
8482:
8470:. Retrieved
8459:
8447:
8435:. Retrieved
8426:
8416:
8404:. Retrieved
8395:
8386:
8374:. Retrieved
8360:
8348:. Retrieved
8334:
8322:. Retrieved
8308:
8296:. Retrieved
8287:
8278:
8266:. Retrieved
8257:
8248:
8236:. Retrieved
8228:The Guardian
8227:
8217:
8205:. Retrieved
8191:
8179:. Retrieved
8171:The Guardian
8170:
8160:
8148:. Retrieved
8137:
8127:
8115:
8103:. Retrieved
8099:the original
8092:
8082:
8072:November 24,
8070:. Retrieved
8066:the original
8052:
8040:. Retrieved
8032:The Atlantic
8031:
8021:
7989:
7965:. Retrieved
7951:
7939:. Retrieved
7925:
7913:. Retrieved
7902:
7892:
7880:. Retrieved
7869:
7859:
7847:. Retrieved
7838:
7828:
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7761:
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7738:
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7675:
7650:. Retrieved
7646:the original
7641:
7631:
7619:. Retrieved
7605:
7593:. Retrieved
7578:
7566:. Retrieved
7555:
7545:
7533:. Retrieved
7515:
7503:. Retrieved
7494:The Guardian
7492:
7482:
7470:. Retrieved
7459:
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7425:. Retrieved
7393:
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7350:The Guardian
7348:
7339:
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7297:
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7270:
7258:. Retrieved
7247:
7237:
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7187:
7178:
7169:The Guardian
7167:
7157:
7127:. Retrieved
7118:
7108:
7096:. Retrieved
7085:
7076:
7064:
7052:. Retrieved
7028:
7021:
7009:. Retrieved
6998:
6989:
6979:February 16,
6977:. Retrieved
6973:the original
6963:
6951:. Retrieved
6937:
6925:. Retrieved
6916:
6906:
6894:. Retrieved
6885:
6875:
6863:. Retrieved
6854:
6844:
6832:. Retrieved
6823:
6813:
6801:. Retrieved
6795:. Fox News.
6786:
6762:
6757:
6745:. Retrieved
6736:
6726:
6714:. Retrieved
6705:
6695:
6686:
6679:. Retrieved
6665:
6653:. Retrieved
6639:
6629:November 24,
6627:. Retrieved
6622:
6613:
6601:. Retrieved
6592:
6568:. Retrieved
6559:
6537:
6530:. Retrieved
6493:. Retrieved
6484:
6448:. Retrieved
6439:
6400:politically.
6398:
6393:February 22,
6391:. Retrieved
6371:
6364:
6355:
6350:February 21,
6348:. Retrieved
6328:
6321:
6313:
6308:February 21,
6306:. Retrieved
6286:
6279:
6271:
6266:February 21,
6264:. Retrieved
6244:
6237:
6229:
6224:February 21,
6222:. Retrieved
6205:
6196:
6184:. Retrieved
6178:
6168:
6156:. Retrieved
6151:
6107:. New York:
6104:
6098:
6060:. New York.
6057:
6036:. Retrieved
6027:The Observer
6025:
6016:
6004:
5992:
5980:
5968:. Retrieved
5954:
5942:. Retrieved
5928:
5916:. Retrieved
5907:
5897:
5885:. Retrieved
5868:
5859:
5847:. Retrieved
5821:. Retrieved
5812:
5802:
5790:. Retrieved
5778:Cave, George
5772:
5739:
5735:
5729:
5717:. Retrieved
5708:
5699:
5687:. Retrieved
5654:
5631:. Retrieved
5614:
5585:. Retrieved
5557:
5550:
5530:
5523:
5515:Google Books
5513:– via
5499:
5492:
5483:
5477:
5465:. Retrieved
5451:
5439:. Retrieved
5430:
5421:
5401:
5394:
5382:. Retrieved
5373:
5349:. Retrieved
5330:Colin Powell
5329:
5322:
5310:
5283:
5274:
5262:. Retrieved
5257:
5248:
5236:. Retrieved
5232:the original
5205:. Retrieved
5196:
5172:. Retrieved
5158:
5132:Random House
5125:
5090:. Retrieved
5077:
5068:
5056:. Retrieved
5042:
5030:. Retrieved
5026:the original
5021:
5012:
5000:. Retrieved
4989:
4980:
4968:. Retrieved
4959:
4950:
4938:. Retrieved
4934:
4911:
4904:. Retrieved
4895:
4885:
4877:
4870:. Retrieved
4856:
4848:
4841:. Retrieved
4816:
4811:
4799:. Retrieved
4790:
4781:
4769:. Retrieved
4745:
4738:
4726:. Retrieved
4693:. Retrieved
4689:the original
4684:
4680:
4671:
4661:December 11,
4659:. Retrieved
4651:The Guardian
4650:
4640:
4628:. Retrieved
4617:
4607:
4595:. Retrieved
4576:
4543:. Retrieved
4512:
4502:
4492:November 16,
4490:. Retrieved
4472:
4460:. Retrieved
4450:
4438:. Retrieved
4429:
4419:
4405:
4393:. Retrieved
4387:
4378:
4371:LaFeber 2009
4356:LaFeber 2009
4351:
4339:. Retrieved
4325:
4313:. Retrieved
4294:
4286:
4281:
4258:Plame affair
4111:A street in
4045:Philadelphia
3991:Bill Clinton
3928:
3916:King of Arms
3866:Colin Powell
3850:
3842:Bill Clinton
3818:Barack Obama
3811:
3780:
3763:Episcopalian
3755:Corina CreΘu
3744:
3740:Linda Powell
3728:Alma Johnson
3725:
3713:
3697:
3685:
3682:
3675:
3663:
3657:
3646:
3641:This Morning
3640:
3632:
3628:Donald Trump
3624:
3610:Diane Sawyer
3603:
3592:
3586:
3570:
3559:
3557:
3503:
3500:Barack Obama
3497:
3489:running mate
3482:
3460:
3456:Barack Obama
3445:
3438:At the 2007
3437:
3413:
3399:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3367:
3356:and Admiral
3354:Robert Gates
3287:
3274:
3247:
3232:
3229:
3217:Barack Obama
3214:
3207:
3192:
3171:
3144:
3131:Bill Clinton
3122:The Guardian
3120:
3118:
3111:Powell with
3083:
3074:9/11 attacks
3066:
3058:
3043:
3036:
3023:Shenyang J-8
3012:
2990:in favor of
2977:
2960:
2939:
2938:A review of
2937:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2899:
2891:aide-de-camp
2875:
2856:
2854:
2814:
2759:
2740:
2734:
2726:
2704:. After the
2691:
2663:
2613:
2598:
2583:
2567:Bill Clinton
2548:
2334:service star
2332:with bronze
2186:Purple Heart
1665:
1653:Clinton-Gore
1642:
1638:
1635:
1607:Leslie Aspin
1604:
1570:
1564:in the 1991
1551:
1532:
1508:
1457:
1453:Soviet Union
1434:
1415:
1385:
1359:
1302:
1271:
1254:Brian's Song
1252:
1236:
1234:
1216:degree from
1211:
1190:whitewashing
1171:
1165:
1157:
1128:
1110:
1089:West Germany
1081:Fort Benning
1051:
1048:Early career
1027:
1022:
1010:
998:
911:
908:
885:
842:
829:blood cancer
792:
788:
786:
760:in 1989 and
751:
720:
645:
644:
599:Battles/wars
429:Alma Johnson
378:(2021-10-18)
334:Succeeded by
327:Peter Rodman
303:
284:Succeeded by
239:
219:Succeeded by
174:Bill Clinton
152:
132:Succeeded by
87:
56:Colin Powell
49:
14439:2021 deaths
14434:1937 births
14406:Jim Clyburn
14302:Julian Bond
14270:Oliver Hill
14106:Tom Bradley
14034:Alvin Ailey
14010:Damon Keith
13930:Roy Wilkins
13878:Daisy Bates
13351:Henry Mucci
13321:Reis Leming
13271:Mike Hayden
13226:John Galvin
13201:Max Cleland
13161:Marty Allen
13100:Dwyane Wade
13039:John Legend
12968:T. D. Jakes
12919:Lauryn Hill
12582:C. Q. Brown
12409:(2006β2009)
12403:(2001β2006)
12401:Andrew Card
12384:(2001β2009)
12365:(2006β2009)
12359:(2005β2006)
12357:Rob Portman
12353:(2001β2005)
12334:(2007β2009)
12328:(2006β2007)
12326:Rob Portman
12322:(2003β2006)
12316:(2001β2003)
12297:(2005β2009)
12291:(2003β2005)
12285:(2001β2003)
12251:(2005β2009)
12245:(2003β2005)
12226:(2007β2009)
12224:James Peake
12220:(2005β2007)
12214:(2001β2005)
12195:(2005β2009)
12189:(2001β2005)
12170:(2005β2009)
12164:(2001β2005)
12145:(2006β2009)
12139:(2001β2006)
12120:(2008β2009)
12114:(2004β2008)
12108:(2001β2004)
12089:(2005β2009)
12083:(2001β2005)
12064:(2001β2009)
12062:Elaine Chao
12045:(2005β2009)
12039:(2001β2005)
12020:(2008β2009)
12014:(2005β2007)
12008:(2001β2005)
12006:Ann Veneman
11989:(2006β2009)
11983:(2001β2006)
11981:Gale Norton
11964:(2007β2009)
11958:(2005β2007)
11952:(2001β2005)
11933:(2006β2009)
11927:(2001β2006)
11908:(2006β2009)
11902:(2003β2006)
11896:(2001β2002)
11864:(2001β2005)
11836:(2001β2009)
11834:Dick Cheney
11808:(2001β2009)
11635:Christopher
11630:Eagleburger
11570:G. Marshall
11340:J. Marshall
11221:Zell Miller
11213:John McCain
10968:Appearances
10582:January 20,
10498:December 6,
10403:October 18,
10373:October 19,
10343:October 19,
10310:October 19,
10252:January 16,
10225:December 6,
10200:October 19,
10174:October 19,
10087:October 18,
9980:January 22,
9955:November 5,
9932:October 20,
9901:October 20,
9871:October 19,
9838:October 21,
9786:October 18,
9759:October 19,
9729:October 19,
9698:October 19,
9546:January 10,
9513:January 12,
9432:October 18,
9157:January 22,
9012:February 7,
8925:October 19,
8896:October 19,
8644:February 3,
8613:February 3,
8570:October 19,
8537:October 19,
8472:January 10,
8456:(CNN Video)
8324:December 6,
8298:February 3,
8238:February 3,
8207:October 19,
8181:February 3,
8105:February 8,
8042:January 25,
7959:. Fas.org.
7933:. Fas.org.
7882:February 3,
7849:October 20,
7818:October 20,
7751:February 3,
7718:February 3,
7688:February 3,
7652:February 3,
7621:October 20,
7568:October 19,
7535:October 19,
7505:October 19,
7427:October 19,
7361:October 21,
7329:October 21,
7290:Steins 2003
7279:. NBC News.
7196:November 6,
7129:October 18,
7098:October 19,
7054:October 19,
6927:October 19,
6896:October 19,
6865:October 19,
6834:October 20,
6747:October 24,
6716:October 24,
6681:November 7,
6603:October 18,
6570:October 18,
6450:October 18,
6186:October 18,
6038:October 20,
5985:Steins 2003
5918:October 18,
5849:October 19,
5823:October 19,
5792:October 19,
5719:October 19,
5689:October 19,
5633:October 18,
5587:October 18,
5467:February 3,
5441:October 19,
5384:October 19,
5351:December 7,
5315:Steins 2003
5238:December 7,
5207:October 18,
5174:February 3,
4970:October 19,
4940:November 5,
4801:October 19,
4771:October 18,
4695:November 5,
4630:October 20,
4597:October 18,
4545:October 18,
4440:October 19,
4341:November 7,
4315:October 29,
3599:Mitt Romney
3514:president,
3511:Sarah Palin
3485:John McCain
3452:invade Iraq
3416:John McCain
3358:Mike Mullen
3294:independent
3239:Alma Powell
3235:Smithsonian
3215:Soon after
3183:John McCain
3179:John Warner
3174:White House
3162:Dick Cheney
3113:Ban Ki-moon
3094:John Bolton
3090:Chuck Hagel
3050:Andrew Card
2887:Dick Cheney
2867:plagiarized
2845:Alwi Shihab
2687:ambassadors
2555:Republicans
2502:(Bulgaria)
2034:with three
1675:Promotions
1399:obstruction
1124:punji stake
1107:Vietnam War
1101:Fort Devens
892:Shabbos goy
877:South Bronx
727:South Bronx
606:Vietnam War
415:(1995β2021)
407:Independent
322:Preceded by
272:Preceded by
207:Preceded by
120:Preceded by
14428:Categories
14278:Ben Carson
14246:John Lewis
14206:Carl Rowan
14110:Bill Cosby
14090:Lena Horne
14058:Rosa Parks
14038:Alex Haley
14026:Hank Aaron
13678:Max Yergan
13451:David Wade
13291:Bob Hoover
13176:Aaron Bank
12929:Tom Joyner
12887:Ryan White
12716:Poindexter
12690:Brzezinski
12332:Jim Nussle
12018:Ed Schafer
11560:Stettinius
11138:1989β1993
11106:2001β2005
11079:1987β1989
11052:1986β1987
10845:7059263772
10783:1077560739
10651:August 18,
10524:August 29,
10123:August 25,
10061:August 27,
9719:Daily News
9662:Daily News
9599:Larry King
9459:August 25,
9371:August 25,
9276:August 25,
9126:August 18,
9074:August 25,
8982:August 29,
8956:August 29,
8754:August 25,
8674:August 25,
8636:. London.
8498:October 5,
8437:August 27,
8427:TechCrunch
8406:August 25,
8376:August 29,
8350:August 21,
8230:. London.
8173:. London.
8150:August 25,
7967:August 29,
7941:August 29,
7915:August 25,
7525:Al Jazeera
7472:August 25,
7260:August 25,
7011:August 12,
6953:August 29,
6495:August 17,
6111:. p.
5944:August 29,
5577:1123182247
5150:7059263772
4653:. London.
4274:References
4135:Fort Bliss
4113:Gelnhausen
3947:John Heinz
3937:, and the
3834:Laura Bush
3826:Jill Biden
3795:vaccinated
3785:, died at
3671:Susan Rice
3405:Jack Straw
3366:Powell on
3336:regarding
3334:pro-choice
3310:Republican
3195:Steve Case
3001:Powell in
2944:Tim Rutten
2855:Britain's
2849:Banda Aceh
2575:exit polls
2563:Dan Quayle
2487:(Albania)
1887:Ranger Tab
1645:fifth star
1486:regulars,
1408:President
1387:Ash-Shiraa
1334:to be his
1315:presented
1194:Larry King
1038:drill team
873:seamstress
839:Early life
819:, and the
572:Chairman,
413:Republican
362:1937-04-05
13702:John Hope
13456:Ron Welch
13033:Spike Lee
12998:Van Jones
12792:Kupperman
12731:Scowcroft
12711:McFarlane
12685:Scowcroft
12680:Kissinger
12489:Lemnitzer
12243:Tom Ridge
12187:Rod Paige
11803:President
11717:Tillerson
11600:Kissinger
11445:Washburne
11370:Van Buren
11335:Pickering
11325:Jefferson
10922:757483449
10746:: 71β93.
10698:(2006a).
10677:April 14,
10550:March 13,
10540:"efworld"
10299:AllAfrica
10278:April 14,
10012:April 14,
9922:USA Today
9893:. MSNBC.
9860:USA Today
9807:USA Today
9266:USA Today
8946:USA Today
8867:April 14,
8863:. Reuters
8838:August 9,
7557:Frontline
7119:Brookings
6779:238778470
6214:0021-5996
6084:cite book
6076:972386823
5970:April 24,
5887:April 25,
5877:0362-4331
5756:0015-7228
5623:0190-8286
5264:August 1,
5058:April 14,
5002:April 30,
4906:April 26,
4872:April 26,
4843:April 26,
4587:0362-4331
4535:173498636
4189:In 2024,
4039:The 2002
4015:by Queen
3971:from the
3912:Lord Lyon
3701:Joe Biden
3577:John King
3528:U.S. Army
3516:Joe Biden
3380:Booknotes
2883:Curveball
2821:coalition
2762:sanctions
2551:Democrats
2200:Air Medal
1598:over the
1484:U.S. Army
1259:race riot
1120:Viet Cong
853:Manhattan
799:. In the
749:in 1989.
530:1958β1993
500:Signature
467:Education
313:President
304:In office
249:President
240:In office
230:15th
162:President
153:In office
143:12th
97:President
88:In office
78:65th
14390:no award
14366:no award
14294:Ruby Dee
14098:no award
14046:no award
14018:no award
13880:and the
13718:no award
13261:Bo Gritz
13251:Ed Grady
12986:Ruby Dee
12803:Sullivan
12794:(acting)
12782:McMaster
12778:(acting)
12721:Carlucci
12702:(acting)
12656:(acting)
12649:Anderson
12537:(acting)
12534:Jeremiah
12509:G. Brown
11647:Albright
11405:Buchanan
11330:Randolph
10954:43444712
10932:(1996).
10880:51118331
10726:71313158
10645:Archived
10601:Archived
10518:Archived
10435:cite web
10397:Archived
10367:Archived
10337:Archived
10304:Archived
10246:Archived
10194:Archived
10168:Archived
10114:Archived
10030:Archived
10003:Archived
9926:Archived
9895:Archived
9865:Archived
9832:Archived
9780:Archived
9778:. CNBC.
9753:Archived
9723:Archived
9692:Archived
9688:CBN News
9668:July 12,
9642:June 14,
9609:June 14,
9603:Archived
9572:July 29,
9540:Archived
9535:The Hill
9507:Archived
9480:Archived
9453:Archived
9426:Archived
9396:Archived
9365:Archived
9334:Archived
9303:Archived
9298:HuffPost
9270:Archived
9239:Archived
9209:Archived
9205:HuffPost
9178:Archived
9151:Archived
9147:ABC News
9120:Archived
9068:Archived
9064:Politico
9037:Archived
8950:Archived
8919:Archived
8890:Archived
8775:Archived
8748:Archived
8693:Archived
8668:Archived
8638:Archived
8607:Archived
8564:Archived
8559:HuffPost
8531:Archived
8466:Archived
8431:Archived
8400:Archived
8396:Politico
8370:Archived
8344:Archived
8318:Archived
8292:Archived
8288:BBC News
8268:March 2,
8262:Archived
8258:BBC News
8232:Archived
8201:Archived
8175:Archived
8144:Archived
8062:ABC News
8036:Archived
7961:Archived
7935:Archived
7909:Archived
7876:Archived
7843:Archived
7812:Archived
7745:Archived
7712:Archived
7682:Archived
7615:Archived
7595:June 26,
7589:Archived
7562:Archived
7529:Archived
7499:Archived
7466:Archived
7421:Archived
7355:Archived
7323:Archived
7254:Archived
7123:Archived
7092:Archived
7087:BBC News
7048:Archived
7005:Archived
7000:Newsweek
6947:Archived
6921:Archived
6890:Archived
6859:Archived
6828:Archived
6797:Archived
6781:, p. 46.
6741:Archived
6710:Archived
6675:Archived
6655:July 20,
6649:Archived
6597:Archived
6564:Archived
6526:Archived
6489:Archived
6444:Archived
6387:Archived
6344:Archived
6302:Archived
6260:Archived
6218:Archived
6131:40135273
6032:Archived
5964:Archived
5938:Archived
5912:Archived
5881:Archived
5817:Archived
5786:Archived
5713:Archived
5627:Archived
5581:Archived
5461:Archived
5435:Archived
5431:BBC News
5378:Archived
5345:Archived
5302:41447083
5282:(1996).
5201:Archived
5197:BBC News
5168:Archived
5092:April 8,
5086:Archived
5052:Archived
4996:Archived
4964:Archived
4900:Archived
4866:Archived
4837:Archived
4795:Archived
4765:Archived
4722:Archived
4655:Archived
4624:Archived
4591:Archived
4539:Archived
4486:Archived
4462:June 25,
4434:Archived
4395:July 29,
4335:BBC News
4309:Archived
4202:See also
3791:COVID-19
3338:abortion
3304:for his
3070:HIV/AIDS
2745:for the
2731:β
1617:Admiral
1428:, under
1368:and the
1182:Americal
1162:β
1007:Training
865:Scottish
857:Jamaican
825:COVID-19
616:Gulf War
566:Commands
452:Children
13522:winners
13063:Rihanna
12798:O'Brien
12776:Kellogg
12766:S. Rice
12761:Donilon
12746:C. Rice
12654:Jackson
12572:Dunford
12567:Dempsey
12547:Shelton
12499:Wheeler
12484:Twining
12479:Radford
12474:Bradley
11819:Cabinet
11799:Cabinet
11741:Blinken
11688:Clinton
11575:Acheson
11550:Stimson
11545:Kellogg
11530:Lansing
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