Genealogy - Knowledge

648:). As Fourth of July celebrations commemorating the Founding Fathers and the heroes of the Revolutionary War became increasingly popular, however, the pursuit of "antiquarianism", which focused on local history, became acceptable as a way to honor the achievements of early Americans. Farmer capitalized on the acceptability of antiquarianism to frame genealogy within the early republic's ideological framework of pride in one's American ancestors. He corresponded with other antiquarians in New England, where antiquarianism and genealogy were well established, and became a coordinator, booster, and contributor to the growing movement. In the 1820s, he and fellow antiquarians began to produce genealogical and antiquarian tracts in earnest, slowly gaining a devoted audience among the American people. Though Farmer died in 1838, his efforts led to the founding in 1845 of the 450: 76: 1756:

birth in vital records or civil registrations and in church records at baptism are generally accurate because they were usually recorded near the time of the event. Family Bibles are often a source for dates, but can be written from memory long after the event. When the same ink and handwriting is used for all entries, the dates were probably written at the same time and therefore will be less reliable since the earlier dates were probably recorded well after the event. The publication date of the Bible also provides a clue about when the dates were recorded since they could not have been recorded at any earlier date.

905: 64: 1341: 763:, which involves examining and evaluating historical records for evidence about ancestors and other relatives, their kinship ties, and the events that occurred in their lives. As a rule, genealogists begin with the present and work backwards in time. Historical, social, and family context is essential to achieving correct identification of individuals and relationships. Source citation is also important when conducting genealogical research. To keep track of collected material, family group sheets and 1899:

information taken from another source. This distinction is important because each time a source is copied, information about the record may be lost and errors may result from the copyist misreading, mistyping, or miswriting the information. Genealogists should consider the number of times information has been copied and the types of derivation a piece of information has undergone. The types of derivatives include: photocopies, transcriptions, abstracts, translations, extractions, and compilations.

1463: 740: 210:, where novices can learn from more experienced researchers. Such societies generally serve a specific geographical area. Their members may also index records to make them more accessible or engage in advocacy and other efforts to preserve public records and cemeteries. Some schools engage students in such projects as a means to reinforce lessons regarding immigration and history. Other benefits include family medical histories for families with serious medical conditions that are hereditary. 1872:

censuses for several years concur on a piece of information that would not likely be guessed by a neighbor, it is likely that the information in these censuses was provided by a family member or other informed person. On the other hand, information in a single census cannot be confirmed by information in an undocumented compiled genealogy since the genealogy may have used the census record as its source and might therefore be dependent on the same misinformed individual.

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person. Circumstantial or indirect evidence does not explicitly answer a genealogical question, but either may be used with other sources to answer the question, suggest a probable answer, or eliminate certain possibilities. Compilers sometimes draw hasty conclusions from circumstantial evidence without sufficiently examining all available sources, without properly understanding the evidence, and without appropriately indicating the level of uncertainty.

1504:) may be reflected in her children's middle names; her own middle name; or dropped entirely. Children may sometimes assume stepparent, foster parent, or adoptive parent names. Because official records may reflect many kinds of surname change, without explaining the underlying reason for the change, the correct identification of a person recorded identified with more than one name is challenging. Immigrants to America often Americanized their names. 945: 1496:

system of names until 1687 when the advent of English rule mandated surname usage. In Iceland, patronymics are used by a majority of the population. In Denmark and Norway patronymics and farm names were generally in use through the 19th century and beyond, though surnames began to come into fashion toward the end of the 19th century in some parts of the country. Not until 1856 in Denmark and 1923 in Norway were there laws requiring surnames.

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or organizations because the records are considered to be unimportant or a privacy risk. Because of this, genealogists often organize efforts to preserve records that are at risk of destruction. FamilySearch has an ongoing program that assesses what useful genealogical records have the most risk of being destroyed, and sends volunteers to digitize such records. In 2017, the government of

1290:. In England and Germany, for example, such record keeping started with parish registers in the 16th century. As more of the population was recorded, there were sufficient records to follow a family. Major life events, such as births, marriages, and deaths, were often documented with a license, permit, or report. Genealogists locate these records in local, regional or national offices or 1830:. Names for old or unfamiliar local occupations may cause confusion if poorly legible. For example, an ostler (a keeper of horses) and a hostler (an innkeeper) could easily be confused for one another. Likewise, descriptions of such occupations may also be problematic. The perplexing description "ironer of rabbit burrows" may turn out to describe an ironer (profession) in the 845:(SNS) websites allow genealogists to share data and build their family trees online. Members can upload their family trees and contact other family historians to fill in gaps in their research. In addition to the (SNS) websites, there are other resources that encourage genealogists to connect and share information, such as rootsweb.ancestry.com and rsl.rootsweb.ancestry.com. 1721:. Shifts in political borders must also be understood. Parish, county, and national borders have frequently been modified. Old records may contain references to farms and villages that have ceased to exist. When working with older records from Poland, where borders and place names have changed frequently in past centuries, a source with maps and sample records such as 782: 1454:, first names, and dates. However, modern genealogists greatly expand this list, recognizing the need to place this information in its historical context in order to properly evaluate genealogical evidence and distinguish between same-name individuals. A great deal of information is available for British ancestry with growing resources for other ethnic groups. 338:, for example, an individual can become a citizen if one of their grandparents was born in that country, regardless of their own or their parents' birthplace. In societies such as Australia or the United States, by the 20th century, there was growing pride in the pioneers and nation-builders. Establishing descent from these was, and is, important to 670:, which Utah.com claims as "the largest genealogical library in the world", was established to assist in tracing family lineages for special religious ceremonies which Latter-day Saints believe will seal family units together for eternity. Latter-day Saints believe that this fulfilled a biblical prophecy stating that the prophet 588:, the number of resources readily accessible to genealogists has vastly increased, fostering an explosion of interest in the topic. Genealogy on the internet became increasingly popular starting in the early 2000s. The Internet has become a major source not only of data for genealogists but also of education and communication. 8310: 217:, while also using the terms interchangeably, describes genealogy as the "establishment of a pedigree by extracting evidence, from valid sources, of how one generation is connected to the next" and family history as "a biographical study of a genealogically proven family and of the community and country in which they lived". 350:. Modern family history explores new sources of status, such as celebrating the resilience of families that survived generations of poverty or slavery, or the success of families in integrating across racial or national boundaries. Some family histories even emphasize links to celebrity criminals, such as the bushranger 896:. Genealogical societies are almost exclusively staffed by volunteers and may offer a broad range of services, including maintaining libraries for members' use, publishing newsletters, providing research assistance to the public, offering classes or seminars, and organizing record preservation or transcription projects. 176:

use to other professionals and to amateurs. Both try to understand not just where and when people lived but also their lifestyles, biographies, and motivations. This often requires—or leads to—knowledge of antiquated laws, old political boundaries, migration trends, and historical socioeconomic or religious conditions.

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existence of a non-marital child). A person with a distressed state of mind may not be able to accurately recall information. Many genealogical records were recorded at the time of a loved one's death, and so genealogists should consider the effect that grief may have had on the informant of these records.

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During the Korean War, the Communists tried to destroy genealogies and replace the strong family government with a dominant Communist figure. Refugees fleeing from the north brought their genealogies with them on their backs as one of their most precious possessions. Many of these genealogies are now

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When a source does not provide clues about the informant, genealogists should treat the source with caution. These sources can be useful if they can be compared with independent sources. For example, a census record by itself cannot be given much weight because the informant is unknown. However, when

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The descent of royal families from gods such as Wodan/Oðin, Yngwi, Týr, and the divine ancestry claimed by Agamemnon, Menelaos Priamos, Nestor and Helena has its parallel in the solar and lunar dynasties of India and in the claims by Pallavas, Candellas, etc. who trace their lineage back to Brahman

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Occupational information may be important to understanding an ancestor's life and for distinguishing two people with the same name. A person's occupation may have been related to his or her social status, political interest, and migration pattern. Since skilled trades are often passed from father to

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The transmission of names across generations, marriages and other relationships, and immigration may cause difficulty in genealogical research. For instance, women in many cultures have routinely used their spouse's surnames. When a woman remarried, she may have changed her name and the names of her

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The LDS Church has engaged in large-scale microfilming of records of genealogical value. Its Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah, houses over 2 million microfiche and microfilms of genealogically relevant material, which are also available for on-site research at over 4,500 Family History

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Genealogy software is used to collect, store, sort, and display genealogical data. At a minimum, genealogy software accommodates basic information about individuals, including births, marriages, and deaths. Many programs allow for additional biographical information, including occupation, residence,

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Among all the clans, the most powerful was the Imperial clan, which claimed both religious and political authority by virtue of its divine and solar ancestry. It was taken for granted that the imperial palace was also the shrine of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu, the ancestress of the Imperial clan and

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at the Salt Lake Institute of Genealogy. The standards emphasize that genealogists and testing companies should respect the privacy of clients and recognize the limits of DNA tests. It also discusses how genealogists should thoroughly document conclusions made using DNA evidence. In 2019, the Board

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Genealogy research requires analyzing documents and drawing conclusions based on the evidence provided in the available documents. Genealogists need standards to determine whether or not their evaluation of the evidence is accurate. In the past, genealogists in the United States borrowed terms from

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In addition to copying errors, compiled sources (such as published genealogies and online pedigree databases) are susceptible to misidentification errors and incorrect conclusions based on circumstantial evidence. Identity errors usually occur when two or more individuals are assumed to be the same

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The passage of time often affects a person's ability to recall information. Therefore, as a general rule, data recorded soon after the event are usually more reliable than data recorded many years later. However, some types of data are more difficult to recall after many years than others. One type

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or French Revolutionary Calendar was a calendar proposed during the French Revolution, and used by the French government for about 12 years from late 1793 to 1805, and for 18 days in 1871 in Paris. Dates in official records at this time use the revolutionary calendar and need "translating" into the

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Available sources may include vital records (civil or church registration), censuses, and tax assessments. Oral tradition is also an important source, although it must be used with caution. When no source information is available for a location, circumstantial evidence may provide a probable answer

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Often records are destroyed due to accident or neglect. Since genealogical records are often kept on paper and stacked in high-density storage, they are prone to fire, mold, insect damage, and eventual disintegration. Sometimes records of genealogical value are deliberately destroyed by governments

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Genealogical research is a complex process that uses historical records and sometimes genetic analysis to demonstrate kinship. Reliable conclusions are based on the quality of sources (ideally, original records), the information within those sources, (ideally, primary or firsthand information), and

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Amateur genealogists typically pursue their own ancestry and that of their spouses. Professional genealogists may also conduct research for others, publish books on genealogical methods, teach, or produce their own databases. They may work for companies that provide software or produce materials of

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Genealogists must consider the effects that copying and compiling errors may have had on the information in a source. For this reason, sources are generally categorized in two categories: original and derivative. An original source is one that is not based on another source. A derivative source is

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are names that identify an individual based on the father's name. For example, Marga Olafsdottir is Marga, daughter of Olaf, and Olaf Thorsson is Olaf, son of Thor. Many cultures used patronymics before surnames were adopted or came into use. The Dutch in New York, for example, used the patronymic

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created by the Board for Certification of Genealogists is widely distributed in seminars, workshops, and educational materials for genealogists in the United States. Other genealogical organizations around the world have created similar standards they invite genealogists to follow. Such standards

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The informant is the individual who provided the recorded information. Genealogists must carefully consider who provided the information and what they knew. In many cases the informant is identified in the record itself. For example, a death certificate usually has two informants: a physician who

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It is wise to exercise extreme caution with dates. Dates are more difficult to recall years after an event, and are more easily mistranscribed than other types of genealogical data. Therefore, one should determine whether the date was recorded at the time of the event or at a later date. Dates of

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The introduction of postgraduate courses in genealogy in recent years has given genealogy more of an academic focus, with the emergence of peer-reviewed journals in this area. Scholarly genealogy is beginning to emerge as a discipline in its own right, with an increasing number of individuals who

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In genealogical research, information can be obtained from primary or secondary sources. Primary sources are records that were made at the time of the event, for example a death certificate would be a primary source for a person's death date and place. Secondary sources are records that are made

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When the informant is not identified, one can sometimes deduce information about the identity of the person by careful examination of the source. One should first consider who was alive (and nearby) when the record was created. When the informant is also the person recording the information, the

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While the locations of ancestors' residences and life events are core elements of the genealogist's quest, they can often be confusing. Place names may be subject to variant spellings by partially literate scribes. Locations may have identical or very similar names. For example, the village name

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and children born out of wedlock; searching the Internet for data; and the provision of research guidance. Programs may be geared toward a specific religion, with fields relevant to that religion, or to specific nationalities or ethnic groups, with source types relevant for those groups. Online

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Latter-day Saints believe that the eternal joining of families is possible through sacred sealing ceremonies that take place in temples. These temple rites may also be performed by proxy for those who have died. Consequently, for Latter-day Saints, genealogical research or family history is the

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Genealogists often handle sensitive information and share and publish such information. Because of this, there is a need for ethical standards and boundaries for when information is too sensitive to be published. Historically, some genealogists have fabricated information or have otherwise been

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Historically, naming traditions existed in some places and cultures. Even in areas that tended to use naming conventions, however, they were by no means universal. Families may have used them some of the time, among some of their children, or not at all. A pattern might also be broken to name a

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Indexing is the process of transcribing parish records, city vital records, and other reports, to a digital database for searching. Volunteers and professionals participate in the indexing process. Since 2006, the microfilm in the FamilySearch granite mountain vault is in the process of being

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It is important to remember that a person may change occupations, and that titles change over time as well. Some workers no longer fit for their primary trade often took less prestigious jobs later in life, while others moved upwards in prestige. Many unskilled ancestors had a variety of jobs

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on particular surnames, regions, and other topics. These forums can be used to try to find relatives, request record lookups, obtain research advice, and much more. Many genealogists participate in loosely organized projects, both online and off. These collaborations take numerous forms. Some

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Even individuals who had knowledge of the fact, sometimes intentionally or unintentionally provided false or misleading information. A person may have lied in order to obtain a government benefit (such as a military pension), avoid taxation, or cover up an embarrassing situation (such as the

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Information found in historical or genealogical sources can be unreliable and it is good practice to evaluate all sources with a critical eye. Factors influencing the reliability of genealogical information include: the knowledge of the informant (or writer); the bias and mental state of the

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Members of the church use family history records to perform sacred temple ordinances, such as baptisms, eternal marriages and sealings of children to parents, for their kindred dead if the deceased family members were unable to perform the rites themselves. This gives deceased ancestors the

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Sometimes genealogical records are destroyed, whether accidentally or on purpose. In order to do thorough research, genealogists keep track of which records have been destroyed so they know when information they need may be missing. Of particular note for North American genealogy is the

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Occupational data may be reported in occupational licences, tax assessments, membership records of professional organizations, trade directories, census returns, and vital records (civil registration). Occupational dictionaries are available to explain many obscure and archaic trades.

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Modern historians and genealogists may regard manufactured pseudo-genealogies with a degree of scepticism. However, the desire to find ancestral links with prominent figures from a legendary or distant past has persisted. In the United States, for example, it does no harm to

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may carry out genealogical research to gain a greater understanding of specific topics in their respective fields, and some may employ professional genealogists in connection with specific aspects of their research. They also publish their research in peer-reviewed journals.

7604: 2510:"Papa" is anything broad, flat and hard such as a flat rock, a slab or a board. "Whakapapa" is to place in layers, lay one upon another. Hence the term Whakapapa is used to describe both the recitation in proper order of genealogies, and also to name the genealogies. 926:

format (short for GEnealogical Data COMmunication) so that data can be shared with those using other genealogy software. More advanced features include the ability to restrict the information that is shared, usually by removing information about living people out of

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Although baptismal dates are often used to approximate birth dates, some families waited years before baptizing children, and adult baptisms are the norm in some religions. Both birth and marriage dates may have been adjusted to cover for pre-wedding pregnancies.

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Middle names provide additional information. Middle names may be inherited, follow naming customs, or be treated as part of the family name. For instance, in some Latin cultures, both the mother's family name and the father's family name are used by the children.

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to locate original records. Other projects transcribe or abstract records. Offering record lookups for particular geographic areas is another common service. Volunteers do record lookups or take photos in their home areas for researchers who are unable to travel.

1786:; this was changed to 1 January. Many other European countries had already made the calendar changes before England had, sometimes centuries earlier. By 1751 there was an 11-day discrepancy between the date in England and the date in other European countries. 1449:

Genealogists who seek to reconstruct the lives of each ancestor consider all historical information to be "genealogical" information. Traditionally, the basic information needed to ensure correct identification of each person are place names, occupations,

1410:, which was destroyed in a fire in 1921. Although fragments survive, most of the 1890 census no longer exists. Those looking for genealogical information for families that lived in the United States in 1890 must rely on other information to fill that gap. 644:(1789–1838). Before Farmer's efforts, tracing one's genealogy was seen as an attempt by the American colonists to secure a measure of social standing, an aim that was counter to the new republic's egalitarian, future-oriented ideals (as outlined in the 9045: 139:" traces the descendants of one person, whereas a "family history" traces the ancestors of one person, but the terms are often used interchangeably. A family history may include additional biographical information, family traditions, and the like. 7650: 689:

is the scholarly honorary society of the U.S. genealogical field. Founded by John Insley Coddington, Arthur Adams, and Meredith B. Colket, Jr., in December 1940, its membership is limited to 50 living fellows. ASG has semi-annually published

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district named Rabbit Burrows. Several trades have regionally preferred terms. For example, "shoemaker" and "cordwainer" have the same meaning. Finally, many apparently obscure jobs are part of a larger trade community, such as watchmaking,

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Genealogists use a wide variety of records in their research. To effectively conduct genealogical research, it is important to understand how the records were created, what information is included in them, and how and where to access them.

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and notes, and most also offer a method for keeping track of the sources for each piece of evidence. Most programs can generate basic kinship charts and reports, allow for the import of digital photographs and the export of data in the

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The pursuit of family history and origins tends to be shaped by several motives, including the desire to carve out a place for one's family in the larger historical picture, a sense of responsibility to preserve the past for

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to examine evidence found in documents and how they relate to the researcher's conclusions. However, the differences between the two disciplines created a need for genealogists to develop their own standards. In 2000, the

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especially prone to recollection errors is dates. Also the ability to recall is affected by the significance that the event had to the individual. These values may have been affected by cultural or individual preferences.

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Personal names have periods of popularity, so it is not uncommon to find many similarly named people in a generation, and even similarly named families; e.g., "William and Mary and their children David, Mary, and John".

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or separation from family through divorce, death, or other situations. In addition to simply wanting to know more about who they are and where they came from, individuals may research their genealogy to learn about any

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In modern times, genealogy has become more widespread, with commoners as well as nobility researching and maintaining their family trees. Genealogy received a boost in the late 1970s with the television broadcast of

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of its members. The results are often displayed in charts or written as narratives. The field of family history is broader than genealogy, and covers not just lineage but also family and community history and

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Thea Miller, "The German registry: The evolution of a recordkeeping model", Archival Science Volume 3, Number 1 / March, 2003 pp 43–62; Michael Drake, "An Elementary Exercise in Parish Register Demography",

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untrustworthy. Genealogical organizations around the world have outlined ethical standards as an attempt to eliminate such problems. Ethical standards adopted by various genealogical organizations include:

1689:). If a child died, the next child of the same gender that was born may have been given the same name. It is not uncommon that a list of a particular couple's children will show one or two names repeated. 265:

societies, one's identity is defined as much by one's kin network as by individual achievement, and the question "Who are you?" would be answered by a description of father, mother, and tribe. New Zealand

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Maps and gazetteers are important sources for understanding the places researched. They show the relationship of an area to neighboring communities and may be of help in understanding migration patterns.

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Surnames made their way into the language in the 19th and 20th century, but are not widely used. In order to protect the patronymics system, in Iceland it is forbidden by law to introduce a new surname.

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Private individuals research genealogy out of curiosity about their heritage. This curiosity can be particularly strong among those whose family histories were lost or unknown due to, for example,

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Another example is in some areas of Germany, where siblings were given the same first name, often of a favourite saint or local nobility, but different second names by which they were known (

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are used to record the names, occupations, and other information about family members, with some books dating back hundreds or even thousands of years. In the eastern Indian state of

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to build a case for identity and kinship. All evidence and conclusions, together with the documentation that supports them, is then assembled to create a cohesive genealogy or

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The pagan genealogies of the Woden-sprung kings were in time assimilated to Christianity. In the mythical lineage of King Aethelwulf of Wessex in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

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have obtained genealogical qualifications carrying out research on a diverse range of topics related to genealogy, both within academic institutions and independently.

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asked FamilySearch for help preserving their rapidly deteriorating vital records. FamilySearch has begun digitizing the records and making them available online. The

1397:. The index of the census would at first be created by an AI trained on handwriting in old documents and then reviewed by thousands of volunteers using FamilySearch. 10114: 9881: 9299: 6921: 2397: 8047: 7937: 7645: 7437: 4089: 2832: 2343: 2933: 10096: 8819: 4771: 4171: 813:(atDNA), is found in the 22 non-sex chromosomes (autosomes) and is inherited from both parents; thus, it can uncover relatives from any branch of the family. A 9891: 8004: 7855: 7838: 2159: 10388: 8954: 4205: 3899: 3774: 9181: 4345: 3356:

Michelle Hudson, "The Effect of 'Roots' and the Bicentennial on Genealogical Interest among Patrons of the Mississippi Department of Archives and History",

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essential forerunner for temple work for the dead. In Latter-day Saint belief, the dead have the choice to accept or reject the services performed for them.

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from Greek genealogia 'the making of a pedigree', from genea 'generation, descent' ... + -logia (see -logy)... Meaning 'study of family trees' is from 1768.

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There is a growing interest in family history in the media as a result of advertising and television shows sponsored by large genealogy companies, such as

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Michael Lisle-Williams, "Merchant banking dynasties in the English class structure: ownership, solidarity and kinship in the City of London, 1850–1960."

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would return to "turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers." There is a network of church-operated

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Family names are simultaneously one of the most important pieces of genealogical information, and a source of significant confusion for researchers.

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the evidence that can be drawn (directly or indirectly), from that information. In many instances, genealogists must skillfully assemble indirect or

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and determine who will be the next sovereign. For centuries in various cultures, one's genealogy has been a source of political and social status.

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This article is about the study of family lineage, history and bloodline. For the philosophical technique developed by Nietzsche and Foucault, see

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People sometimes reduce their age on marriage, and those under "full age" may increase their age in order to marry or to join the armed forces.

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Organizations that educate and certify genealogists have established standards and ethical guidelines they instruct genealogists to follow.

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for the Certification of Genealogists officially updated their standards and code of ethics to include standards for genetic genealogy.

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allows two individuals to find the probability that they are, or are not, related within an estimated number of generations. Individual

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is present only in males and is passed down from a father to his sons (direct male line) with only minor mutations occurring over time.

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The terms "genealogy" and "family history" are often used synonymously, but some entities offer a slight difference in definition. The

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War is another cause of record destruction. During World War II, many European records were destroyed. Communists in China during the

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concerns; the import of sound files; the generation of family history books, web pages and other publications; the ability to handle

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offers bachelor's degree, minor, and concentration programs in Family History and is the only school in North America to offer this.

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Protect the privacy of living individuals by not publishing or otherwise disclosing information about them without their permission.

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of rulers and nobles, often arguing or demonstrating the legitimacy of claims to wealth and power. Genealogy often overlapped with

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4 (1971), 79–83; Karen Oppenheim Mason and Lisa G. Cope, "Sources of Age and Date-of-Birth Misreporting in the 1900 U.S. Census",

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is very common. For example, Beth, Lizzie or Betty are all common for Elizabeth, and Jack, John and Jonathan may be interchanged.

1441:. Their goal was achieved and the process of digitization was able to begin. The digitized records are available for free online. 1437:

pension records. In 2010, they began raising funds, which were contribute by genealogists around the United States and matched by

10259: 9734: 9241: 9076: 8890: 8814: 8402: 7503: 4842: 4114: 2313: 2053: 1935: 1700:, e.g., Lee, or have only slightly variant spellings based on gender, e.g., Frances (usually female) and Francis (usually male). 9256: 8272: 10158: 9844: 9832: 9820: 9788: 9702: 9678: 9646: 9634: 9335: 9317: 9268: 8922: 8210: 7513: 6496: 4555: 2622: 1864:

provides information about the time and cause of death and a family member who provides the birth date, names of parents, etc.

1744: 4443: 3018: 10354: 10193: 9604: 8663: 7592: 5487: 5133:

Kriesberg, Adam. "The future of access to public records? Public–private partnerships in US state and territorial archives."

5075: 5033: 4972: 4314: 3812:

Adam Kriesberg, "The future of access to public records? Public–private partnerships in US state and territorial archives."

3334: 597: 569: 449: 4746: 4529: 4139: 3851:

Adam Kriesberg, "The future of access to public records? Public–private partnerships in US state and territorial archives."

3256:

this 'arcane' transition makes the West Saxon rulers collateral relatives, as Professor Magoun has pointed out, of our Lord.

2863: 2009:

Be sensitive about information found through genealogical research that may make the client or family members uncomfortable.

10339: 10183: 9951: 9490: 9459: 8929: 8860: 8576: 8512: 8490: 8171: 7414: 6694: 2742:

Carolyn Strange, "Sisterhood of Blood: The Will to Descend and the Formation of the Daughters of the American Revolution."

2428: 1430: 1138: 822: 343: 7442: 2531: 2270: 1696:

Many names may be identified strongly with a particular gender; e.g., William for boys, and Mary for girls. Others may be

9469: 9247: 9125: 9115: 8905: 8751: 8586: 7788: 7518: 7468: 6210: 4664: 2902: 2063: 1325: 199:

is an example of a specialized family-history group. It welcomes members who can prove descent from a participant of the

9795: 8028: 4932: 4812: 3395: 2335: 10349: 9424: 9186: 8549: 8331: 7870: 5250: 4085: 3482: 2925: 2497: 675: 75: 8824: 10031: 8934: 8900: 8885: 7880: 7720: 7715: 7703: 7166: 5358: 5322: 5303: 5174: 5056: 5010: 4491:

Italian Genealogical Records: How to Use Italian Civil, Ecclesiastical & Other Records in Family History Research

3277: 3242: 3198: 3144: 3107: 3062: 1568: 1393:(AI) technology to help the process of indexing more records. The process first began with the public release of the 821:

are collected in databases to match people descended from a relatively recent common ancestor. See, for example, the

645: 535: 8988: 7971: 4990: 1585:(first names) is subject to many of the same problems as are family names and place names. Additionally, the use of 1550: 841:. In that format, it can be shared with other genealogists, added to databases, or converted into family web sites. 68: 9931: 9557: 9273: 8949: 8912: 8785: 8656: 7486: 7481: 7140: 5427: 2155: 686: 9110: 9056: 8917: 7476: 7317: 4201: 3891: 3139:. Handbuch der Orientalistik: Indien, Part 2, Indien - ISSN 0169-9377, volume 3. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 37. 678:

all over the United States and around the world, where volunteers assist the public with tracing their ancestors.

10551: 9973: 9016: 8998: 8831: 8522: 7491: 7344: 6874: 6492: 6010: 3929: 2458: 1855:

The quality of census data has been of special interest to historians, who have investigated reliability issues.

1231: 363: 57: 7833: 4280: 4044: 3722: 2291:

Bishop, Ronald (2008). "In the Grand Scheme of Things: An Exploration of the Meaning of Genealogical Research".

1814:

depending on the season and local trade requirements. Census returns may contain some embellishment; e.g., from

10153: 10145: 10108: 10090: 9911: 9744: 9599: 9454: 9402: 9375: 9137: 8734: 8532: 8343: 8198: 7910: 7865: 7850: 7374: 5932: 3744: 2833:"GEDmatch Helped Give 'Annie Doe' Her Name Back. Some Fear She's Among the Last as Site Revamps Privacy Policy" 2043: 1546: 428:

Genealogy was also used in Nazi Germany to determine whether a person was considered a "Jew" or a "Mischling" (

6926: 2657:"Religion Library: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Rituals and Worship: Rites and Ceremonies" 253:, has both inspired curiosity and allowed those who are curious to easily start investigating their ancestry. 10249: 10217: 10140: 9946: 8973: 8865: 8739: 7860: 7783: 7737: 6432: 6071: 5731: 2530:. Research & Publishing Group, Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand. 2266: 500: 9653: 9309: 4902: 4069: 759:

Genealogists begin their research by collecting family documents and stories. This creates a foundation for

10578: 10440: 10302: 10119: 9749: 9717: 9206: 8358: 7418: 6249: 6170: 5025: 4872: 4375: 1763:

returns are notoriously unreliable for ages or for assuming an approximate death date. Ages over 15 in the

1360: 659: 640:

Genealogical research in the United States was first systematized in the early 19th century, especially by

422: 9066: 8118: 1320:(historians) until as late as the mid-17th century. Perhaps the most outstanding example of this genre is 1309:, there is a written tradition of genealogical records among Maithil Brahmins and Karna Kayasthas called " 330:

Some countries and indigenous tribes allow individuals to obtain citizenship based on their genealogy. In

10511: 10344: 10210: 10102: 10080: 9283: 9251: 9201: 9009: 8959: 8850: 8591: 8353: 8229: 8223: 8204: 7409: 7238: 7121: 6668: 5844: 5295: 2926:"Thanks to DNA sleuths, a Jane Doe killed 37 years ago might finally get a headstone with her name on it" 2121: 2058: 1939: 1386:

Between 2006 and 2012, the FamilySearch indexing effort produced more than 1 billion searchable records.

1379:

was reached in 2012, genealogical groups cooperated to index the 132 million residents registered in the

8727: 8380: 4346:"Getting to the roots of the Confucius family tree: the cultural significance of knowing one's ancestry" 3517: 1991:

Treat original records with respect and avoid causing damage to them or removing them from repositories.

837:

programs can export information about persons and their relationships in a standardized format called a

331: 147:, and self-satisfaction in accurate storytelling. Genealogy research is also performed for scholarly or 10431: 10308: 10285: 10170: 10073: 10011: 9983: 9619: 9432: 9165: 8939: 8596: 8527: 8182: 8052: 7981: 7126: 6960: 6950: 5166: 1797: 1542: 617: 323:, both historically and in modern times, keep records of their genealogies in order to establish their 289: 46: 17: 9388: 8336: 8267: 8157: 1943:

provide guidelines for genealogists to evaluate their own research as well as the research of others.

1774:

Calendar changes must also be considered. In 1752, England and her American colonies changed from the

10456: 10366: 9712: 8064: 7545: 7087: 6916: 6568: 6081: 6047: 4642:

Peter R. Knights, "The Accuracy of Age Reporting in the Manuscript Federal Census of 1850 and 1860",

2366: 2068: 1789:

For further detail on the changes involved in moving from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, see:

1710: 1479:

In many cultures, the name of a person refers to the family to which they belong. This is called the

1407: 1394: 1380: 1329: 842: 239: 53: 8455: 3950:

Maithili Karna Kayasthak Panjik Sarvekshan (A Survey of the Panji of the Karan Kayasthas of Mithila)

3592: 3544: 1507:

Surname data may be found in trade directories, census returns, birth, death, and marriage records.

305: 10451: 9231: 9211: 8768: 8702: 8537: 8112: 7582: 7369: 7326: 7117: 6814: 3619: 3371:"Grow Your Family Tree in Salt Lake City – Genealogy is the Fastest Growing Hobby in North America" 3313: 3216:

855, Woden is sixteenth in descent from 'Sceaf, who is the son of Noah and was born in Noah's Ark'.

2336:"Genealogy sites are helping unite birth parents and adoptees — but not everyone wants to be found" 1988:

Acknowledge where one consulted another's work and do not plagiarize the work of other researchers.

1531: 705: 679: 547: 8566: 3704:

CeCe Moore, "The History of Genetic Genealogy and Unknown Parentage Research: An Insider's View."

856:

figure prominently in genealogy. These range from the extremely informal to the highly organized.

10541: 10446: 9941: 9383: 8620: 8559: 8485: 8348: 8129: 7885: 7698: 7693: 7671: 7633: 7613: 7247: 7243: 7060: 6933: 6896: 6879: 6699: 6163: 6124: 6022: 4287:. Vol. 28, no. 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. 2554: 1535: 1390: 868: 749: 515:. (This extension offered the side-benefit of connecting pretentious rulers with the prestigious 214: 8758: 8722: 1953:

Cite all sources in a specific manner so that others can locate them and properly evaluate them.

10275: 10227: 10222: 9191: 9145: 8994: 8500: 7954: 7927: 7897: 7761: 7708: 7525: 7401: 7296: 7136: 7131: 6989: 6955: 6943: 6938: 6901: 6851: 6709: 6689: 6375: 6320: 3570: 3093: 2038: 1852:

informant (or writer); the passage of time and the potential for copying and compiling errors.

885: 798: 667: 207: 112: 87: 31: 9754: 8009: 4227: 3268: 2235: 2113: 10399: 10290: 10270: 10135: 10085: 9978: 9968: 9658: 9624: 9533: 8544: 8282: 8177: 8104: 7976: 7379: 7096: 7050: 7045: 6994: 6658: 6639: 6455: 6350: 6088: 5447: 3998: 2003:

When doing paid research, be clear with the client about scope of research and fees involved.

1968:

Acknowledge when a specific conclusion is only "possible" or "probable" rather than "proven".

1930: 1321: 1313:", dating to the 12th century CE. Even today these records are consulted prior to marriages. 1115: 818: 814: 492: 347: 335: 131:

The record of genealogical work may be presented as a "genealogy", a "family history", or a "

35: 10203: 9614: 9150: 4721:

Richard H. Steckel, "The Quality of Census Data for Historical Inquiry: A Research Agenda",

3877:

Peter R. Knights, "City Directories as Aids to Ante-Bellum Urban Studies: A Research Note",

2398:"How Ancestry Became a Best-Selling Amazon Product by Highlighting User's Emotional Stories" 1956:

Locate all available sources that may contain information relevant to the research question.

10486: 9963: 9304: 9021: 8376: 8216: 7949: 7825: 7796: 7567: 7229: 7203: 7150: 6984: 6911: 6756: 6721: 6675: 6643: 6521: 6235: 6144: 6129: 6076: 6032: 5942: 5874: 5420: 2588: 2181: 1971:

Acknowledge that other records that have not yet been discovered may overturn a conclusion.

1376: 1007: 760: 641: 282: 277:

Family history plays a part in the practice of some religious belief systems. For example,

8257: 3801:

Finding Family Facts in the Digital Age: Family History Research and Production Literacies

3374: 2309: 797:

contains information that has been passed down relatively unchanged from early ancestors,

8: 10280: 9026: 8440: 8147: 7843: 7055: 6967: 6726: 6360: 6325: 6228: 6114: 6066: 6059: 5761: 5718: 4147: 3234:

The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: The Transition from Paganism to Christianity

3190:

The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: The Transition from Paganism to Christianity

1736: 1414: 1076: 801:

is sometimes used for genealogical research. Three DNA types are of particular interest.

551: 480: 262: 196: 9778: 9348: 8763: 8467: 7075: 4613:(1997); Catherine Quantin et al., "Which are the best identifiers for record linkage?", 3976: 1959:

Analyze findings thoroughly, without ignoring conflicts in records or negative evidence.

10573: 10506: 10501: 10436: 10319: 10232: 10063: 9739: 9071: 8855: 7920: 7875: 7234: 7190: 7145: 6768: 6714: 6635: 6206: 4626:

Marc Picard, "Genealogical Evidence and the Americanization of European Family Names",

4589: 3779: 3308: 2208: 1801:

Gregorian calendar for calculating ages etc. There are various websites which do this.

1790: 1779: 1219: 916: 834: 516: 504: 200: 148: 144: 39: 7776: 4834: 4106: 3121:

it was a common custom for great Polynesian chiefs to claim ancient or divine descent

1375:

For example, after the 72-year legal limit for releasing personal information for the

460:

Hereditary emperors, kings and chiefs in several areas have long claimed descent from

10324: 10178: 9926: 9223: 8234: 8073: 7498: 7257: 7196: 7155: 6972: 6857: 6793: 6704: 6681: 6625: 6533: 6266: 6042: 5869: 5839: 5592: 5477: 5354: 5347: 5318: 5299: 5266: 5246: 5170: 5159: 5071: 5052: 5029: 5006: 4968: 3953: 3238: 3194: 3140: 3103: 3058: 2755:

Fenella Cannell, "English ancestors: the moral possibilities of popular genealogy."

2048: 2033: 2014: 1747:) assist in the process of understanding the significance of geographical locations. 979: 974: 932: 908: 904: 888:

worldwide. Most societies have a unique area of focus, such as a particular surname,

802: 776: 767:

are used. Formerly handwritten, these can now be generated by genealogical software.

524: 304:

and placed in shrines, where rituals are performed. Genealogies are also recorded in

4994: 4551: 542:

Some family trees have been maintained for considerable periods. The family tree of

491:. Modern scholars regard many claimed noble ancestries as fabrications, such as the 10491: 10198: 10021: 9997: 9958: 9538: 8695: 8085: 7944: 7932: 7224: 7184: 7179: 7004: 6891: 6826: 6653: 6648: 6630: 6488: 6289: 6242: 6134: 5806: 5796: 5791: 5766: 5597: 5576: 5472: 5333: 4982: 4435: 1827: 1106: 984: 876:

cases, and publish the indexes, either online or off. These indexes can be used as

743:

30 years of image research arranged genealogically on a kitchen wall in Sweden 2019

629: 297: 285:, which necessitates that members of that faith engage in family history research. 63: 7813: 2802:"UK's Jewish 'heir hunter' tracks down missing relatives who now stand to inherit" 2771:"Next of kin lose out on inheritances as local authorities outsource heir hunters" 1782:. In the same year, the date the new year began was changed. Prior to 1752 it was 884:

Those looking for a structured volunteer environment can join one of thousands of

9916: 9523: 9097: 8773: 8137: 7959: 7744: 7508: 7334: 6979: 6294: 6037: 6017: 6005: 5937: 5786: 5781: 5771: 5661: 5467: 5462: 5413: 5228: 5045: 4738: 4692: 4575:

An earlier law was in effect in 1828, but was largely ignored in the rural areas.

4155: 4143: 4135: 4093: 4073: 3933: 3524: 3428: 3341: 3232: 3188: 3134: 3097: 3057:. Asian studies. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 149. 3052: 3048: 2957:"Arrest of suspected Golden State Killer through genealogy opens 'Pandora's box'" 2240: 2213: 2186: 1775: 1340: 1090: 727: 692: 339: 192: 8017: 4030:

Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2007; Johni Cerny and Wendy Elliott,

3975:. Department of Anthropology, California State University, Chico. Archived from 3474: 3231:(1999) . "The Woden-sprung kings: Germanic sacral kingship and divine descent". 3187:(1999) . "The Woden-sprung kings: Germanic sacral kingship and divine descent". 2006:

Do not fabricate information or publish false or unproven information as proven.

1724:

A Translation Guide to 19th-Century Polish-Language Civil-Registration Documents

267: 10297: 9988: 9407: 9035: 9031: 8682: 8300: 8239: 8079: 7550: 7384: 7172: 7160: 6846: 6731: 6407: 6392: 6382: 6284: 6186: 5969: 5917: 5884: 5879: 5801: 5741: 5651: 5621: 5457: 5315:

Courthouse Research for Family Historians: Your Guide to Genealogical Treasures

5110: 4495:

Guidelines For Ancestry Research With an Emphasis on African-American Genealogy

3529:

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Newsroom, Accessed 2 Jul 2019.

3228: 3184: 2623:"Why does the Mormon Church want state records? And what do they do with them?" 2523: 2367:"What It's Like to Fill in the Gaps in Your Health History When You're Adopted" 2262: 1836: 1731:

based on a person's or a family's place of residence at the time of the event.

1302: 1279: 1225: 1186: 1128: 1030: 860: 764: 753: 429: 320: 188: 120: 10237: 4660: 3396:"Genealogy.com: Recent Maritz Poll Shows Explosion in Popularity of Genealogy" 2894: 1462: 936:

resources involve complex programming and large data bases, such as censuses.

739: 249:. This, coupled with easier access to online records and the affordability of 10567: 10377: 10329: 9771: 9397: 7560: 6884: 6865: 6809: 6763: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6595: 6590: 6467: 6460: 6104: 5899: 5816: 5746: 5646: 4804: 4525: 3399: 3237:(reprint ed.). Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 41–42. 1718: 1144: 1095: 969: 810: 609: 539:(1982) demonstrates popular interest in ancient bloodlines, however dubious. 488: 473: 418: 324: 301: 180: 5268:

Guide to Genealogical Research in the National Archives of the United States

5115:

Ancestral Trails: The Complete Guide to British Genealogy and Family History

4924: 4466:

Ancestral Trails: The Complete Guide to British Genealogy and Family History

4436:"Preserve the Pensions: A project to digitize the War of 1812 Pension Files" 3957: 2489: 1743:(particularly when used with Historical Map overlays such as those from the 825:. Some tests are limited to either the patrilineal or the matrilineal line. 8495: 8142: 7964: 7807: 7663: 7112: 7070: 6999: 6736: 6621: 6575: 6563: 6506: 6472: 6027: 5989: 5984: 5811: 5656: 3770: 3632: 3102:. Vol. 1 (reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 289. 2688:"Religion Library: Confucianism: Rituals and Worship: Rites and Ceremonies" 2263:"Interested in Family History? Are Genealogy and Family History different?" 1740: 1697: 1438: 1426: 1356: 1316:

In Ireland, genealogical records were recorded by professional families of

1283: 1255: 1163: 1045: 853: 806: 503:

extended the kings' lines of ancestry from Woden back to reach the line of

454: 382: 309: 293: 246: 4281:"First in the Path of the Firemen: The Fate of the 1890 Population Census" 703:

Some of the most notable scholarly American genealogical journals include

300:

as well as genealogical record-keeping. Ancestors' names are inscribed on

10496: 8778: 8420: 8396: 7766: 7754: 7676: 7252: 7065: 6869: 6605: 6553: 6528: 6511: 6450: 5909: 5864: 5708: 5602: 5557: 5220:

Sephardic Genealogy: Discovering Your Sephardic Ancestors and Their World

4586:"Lov av 9. februar 1923 nr. 2 om personnavn (Norwegian Name Law of 1923)" 3193:(reprint ed.). Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 41. 1501: 1451: 1434: 1159: 1153: 1124: 1054: 1050: 1039: 1002: 877: 621: 596:

Some notable places where traditional genealogy records are kept include

578: 401: 136: 132: 9668: 4172:"Mormon church's storied Granite Mountain vault opened for virtual tour" 1810:

son, occupation may also be indirect evidence of a family relationship.

38:. For family trees of scholars according to mentoring relationship, see 10334: 9341: 8984: 8554: 7216: 6804: 6558: 6516: 6502: 6370: 6355: 6109: 6054: 5927: 5889: 5751: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5678: 5666: 5606: 5562: 3926: 3745:"Ancestry® | Genealogy, Family Trees & Family History Records" 3667:

Evidence Explained: Citing History Sources from Artifacts to Cyberspace

2028: 1823: 1714: 1582: 1492: 1418: 1295: 1267: 1196: 1180: 1120: 1035: 625: 574: 397: 378: 3827:

Organize Your Genealogy: Strategies and Solutions for Every Researcher

3693:

Organize Your Genealogy: Strategies and Solutions for Every Researcher

3564: 944: 167:

Twelve generations patrilineage of a Hindu Lingayat male from central

9261: 8385: 8262: 8092: 7575: 6906: 6585: 6580: 6538: 6402: 6345: 6330: 6199: 6119: 5703: 5452: 5122: 4468:

2nd ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2006; David Hey,

3892:"Documentation vs. DNA: The False Argument | Evidence Explained" 3748: 3718: 2463:

Māori ki Te Whare Wānanga o Ōtākou / Māori at the University of Otago

1965:

Use logical reasoning based on reliable sources to reach conclusions.

1764: 1600:

An example of a naming tradition from England, Scotland and Ireland:

1586: 1247: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1169: 889: 864: 605: 543: 529: 469: 433: 386: 351: 271: 250: 168: 163: 152: 125: 100: 4510:

G. J. A. Guth, "Surname Spellings and Computerised Record Linkage",

4052: 3023:

Evidence Explained: Historical Analysis, Citation & Source Usage

1962:

Rely on original, rather than derivative sources, wherever possible.

1713:

occurs six times in the border area between the English counties of

1520: 1348:, is the world's largest library dedicated to genealogical research. 191:; a small community, e.g., a single village or parish, such as in a 9936: 8679: 6600: 6548: 5922: 5859: 5854: 5831: 5776: 5736: 5522: 5370:

Generations and Change: Genealogical Perspectives in Social History

4256:. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. April 22, 2013. 4204:. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. March 14, 2014. 4146:

FamilySearch. Retrieved 2013-5-26; FamilySearch Wiki contributors,

4066:"News and Press: Official FamilySearch.org News and Press Releases" 3460:

François Weil, "John Farmer and the Making of American Genealogy",

3174:

ed by Julia Barrow and Andrew Wareham. (Routledge, 2017) pp: 29–44.

2494:

from Hawaiki to Hawaiki: the Maori people of Aotearoa / New Zealand

1815: 1783: 1287: 1251: 1191: 1175: 1059: 996: 601: 585: 484: 234: 225:

Individuals conduct genealogical research for a number of reasons.

108: 6387: 6365: 6315: 6219: 6155: 5849: 5756: 5726: 5639: 5534: 5529: 5022:

Genealogical Standards of Evidence: A Guide for Family Historians

4894: 4772:"Hints & Tips Five: Standards and Good Practice in Genealogy" 1831: 1819: 1291: 1271: 1235: 1081: 1064: 1026: 988: 928: 873: 662:, founded in 1894, later became the Family History Department of 577:. His account of his family's descent from the African tribesman 461: 372: 368: 184: 179:

Genealogists sometimes specialize in a particular group, e.g., a

116: 52:"Family history" redirects here. For medical family history, see 4864: 4611:

English population history from family reconstitution, 1580–1837

4412:. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 28 Sep 2017. 4065: 2595:. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 23 May 2011. 1433:

also organized an effort to preserve and digitize United States

1294:

and extract information about family relationships and recreate

6820: 6397: 6310: 6139: 5979: 5974: 5629: 5611: 5539: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5436: 5401: 4686:"Occupational Status in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries" 4315:"FamilySearch's Strategy to Help Preserve the World's Archives" 4028:

Some Family: The Mormons and How Humanity Keeps Track of Itself

1760: 1310: 1215: 1017: 923: 838: 671: 495:'s tracing of the ancestry of several English kings to the god 3648:(Provo, Utah: Ancestry, 2000); National Genealogical Society, 3617:

David L. Greene, "Scholarly Genealogical Journals in America,

3451:(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2013), Chapter 1. 3019:"QuickLesson 18: Genealogy? In the Academic World? Seriously?" 2864:"A Murder Trial Will Allow DNA Evidence From a Genealogy Site" 1500:

children; only her name; or changed no names. Her birth name (

546:

has been maintained for over 2,500 years and is listed in the

7455: 7352: 7213: 6335: 5964: 5567: 5512: 3422:

10 Places Across The World That Help You Trace Your Ancestors

3335:"Genealogy in the 'Information Age': History's New Frontier?" 1372:

digitally scanned, available online, and eventually indexed.

1306: 1110: 1102: 496: 479:

Historically, in Western societies, genealogy focused on the

465: 5388:

Ancestors: A Beginners Guide to Family History and Genealogy

4308: 4306: 781: 696:, a scholarly journal of genealogical research, since 1980. 550:

as the largest extant family tree. The fifth edition of the

6340: 5894: 5634: 5571: 5345:

Szucs, Loretto Dennis; Luebking, Sandra Hargreaves (2006).

4899:

The Australasian Federation of Family History Organisations

4086:"FamilySearch Family History Books Reaches a New Milestone" 1767:

are rounded down to the next lower multiple of five years.

1278:

To keep track of their citizens, governments began keeping

1261: 1148: 786: 512: 508: 5117:(2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co. 4809:

International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies

4708:

For example, United States Bureau of Employment Security,

4254:"Family History Volunteers Reach Billion-Record Milestone" 1868:

handwriting can be compared to other handwriting samples.

1597:

newborn after a recently deceased sibling, aunt or uncle.

5517: 5405: 4474:

Scottish Ancestry: Research Methods for Family Historians

4303: 2988:"Historians Identify 35 Descendants of Leonardo da Vinci" 2593:

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Newsroom

1241: 894:

descendancy from participants in a given historical event

794: 151:

purposes, or to trace legal next of kin to inherit under

8803: 5188:(2nd ed.). Global Research and Archival Management. 4493:

Salt Lake City, Utah: Ancestry, 1995; Cruise, M. T. W.,

2644:

opportunity to accept these ordinances in the afterlife.

487:, which reflected the ancestry of noble houses in their 476:

world from Scandinavia through ancient Greece to India.

10097:

Professionalization and institutionalization of history

5264:

Eales, Anne Bruner; Kvasnicka, Robert M., eds. (2000).

4032:

The Library: A Guide to the LDS Family History Library.

3304:"Updated Confucius family tree has two million members" 533:. And the popularity of the genealogical hypothesis of 5285:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co. 5105:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co. 3656:

3d ed. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2000)"

3503:

James B. Allen et al. "Hearts Turned To The Fathers",

2435:. Ex-Students Association of The University of Texas. 499:. With the coming of Christianity to northern Europe, 79:

The family tree of "the Landas", a 17th-century family

10389:

Heroic theory of invention and scientific development

5242:

German Genealogy in Its Social and Political Context.

4406:"Church Preserves Precious Records of African Nation" 3099:

The Social and Political Systems of Central Polynesia

2429:"How Did DNA Kits Become so Popular—and What's Next?" 2156:"Genealogy or Family History? What's the Difference?" 1389:

In 2022, FamilySearch and Ancestry partnered to use

965:

Records that are used in genealogy research include:

859:

On the informal side are the many popular and useful

171:

spanning over 275 years, depicted in descending order

9237:

Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe

5385: 5161:

Ancestors: 900 Years in the Life of a Chinese Family

4989:(Cambridge UP, 2018). Illustrations. xxxv + 730 pp. 716:

The New England Historical and Genealogical Register

256: 5386:Willard, Jim; Willard, Terry; Wilson, Jane (1997). 5143:

Irish Records: Sources for Family and Local History

4523: 4321:. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 3996: 3133:Scharfe, Hartmut (1989). "The King and his court". 2555:"Whakapapa: A framework for understanding identity" 1912:days, weeks, months, or even years after an event. 872:projects prepare name indexes for records, such as 598:

Hindu genealogy registers at Haridwar (Uttarakhand)

432:), and whether a person was considered as "Aryan" ( 9197:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 9055: 6837: 5346: 5265: 5202:Finding Your Italian Ancestors: A Beginner's Guide 5158: 5068:Basics of Genealogy Reference: A Librarian's Guide 5044: 4476:, 2nd ed. Provo, UT: Ancestry, 2003; David Moody, 3566: 3435:, Published on 29-Jan-2016; Accessed on 8-May-2017 2490:"Whakapapa Maori:Structure, Terminology and Usage" 107: 'the making of a pedigree') is the study of 34:. For the sociocultural evolution of kinship, see 9855: 4107:"FamilySearch African American Genealogy Records" 3669:, (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2007). 3567:"Fellows of the American Society of Genealogists" 3170:Barbara Yorke, "Anglo-Saxon origin legends." in 1366: 722:The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record 654:New England Historical and Genealogical Register. 412: 10565: 5129:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5127:The Oxford Companion to Family and Local History 4766: 4764: 4733: 4731: 4096:FamilySearch, 5 August 2013. Retrieved 2013-8-5. 3866:The Oxford Companion to Family and Local History 1906: 10421: 6664:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 5379:Family Trees: A History of Genealogy in America 4497:Dublin, VA: Author, 2007; Jessie Carney Smith, 3970: 3652:(Arlington, Virginia: 2005); Val D. Greenwood, 3593:"5 Genealogical Journals You Should Be Reading" 3565:American Society of Genealogists (ASG) (2014). 3449:Family Trees: A History of Genealogy in America 1938:published their first manual of standards. The 1893: 1400: 1346:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 698:Fellows of the American Society of Genealogists 664:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 581:inspired many others to study their own lines. 279:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 228: 5368:Taylor, Robert M.; Crandall, Ralph S. (1986). 5367: 5263: 5235:(3rd ed.). Sacramento, CA: Lorelei Press. 5003:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Online Genealogy 3838:Elizabeth Powell Crowe, and William P. Mann. 3775:"From Shared Resources, Your Personal History" 3682:, (Orting: Family Roots Publishing Co., 2024). 2757:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 2000:Disclose any conflicts of interest to clients. 1994:Treat archives and archive staff with respect. 1875: 357: 206:Genealogists and family historians often join 10245:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church 10115:Western European colonialism and colonization 8664: 6171: 5421: 5349:The Source: A Guidebook of American Genealogy 5344: 4967:(5th ed.). London, England: Bloomsbury. 4761: 4728: 3973:"Fieldnotes: First lesson of the Genealogist" 3654:The Researcher's Guide to American Genealogy, 2013:In 2015, a committee presented standards for 1946:Standards for genealogical research include: 1858: 308:. This practice is rooted in the belief that 8575: 5283:The Researcher's Guide to American Genealogy 5226: 5213:. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co. 4470:Family History and Local History in England. 3769: 1421:destroyed genealogy books kept by families. 939: 348:The General Society of Mayflower Descendants 135:". In the narrow sense, a "genealogy" or a " 8678: 5908: 5353:(3rd, rev. ed.). Provo, UT: Ancestry. 4865:"Code of Ethics and Professional Practices" 4725:vol. 15, no. 4 (Winter, 1991), pp. 579–599. 4638: 4636: 4376:"Genealogy Important In Korea, Expert Says" 1549:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1335: 1301:In China, India and other Asian countries, 292:countries that were historically shaped by 203:or who simply choose to support the group. 111:, family history, and the tracing of their 8671: 8657: 6178: 6164: 5428: 5414: 5381:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 5289: 5222:(2nd ed.). Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu. 4987:Reproduction: Antiquity to the Present Day 4312: 3475:"LDS Genealogy and Family History Library" 3092: 2310:"Teacher's guide for PBS Ancestors series" 666:. The department's research facility, the 375:do genealogy to locate heirs of property. 9300:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 5280: 5208: 4962: 4799: 4797: 4650:vol. 24, no. 4 (Nov., 1987), pp. 563–573. 4480:. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1990. 4393:found in fragmentary form in South Korea. 3999:"Family records of Maithil Brahmins lost" 3680:Simple Citations for Genealogical Sources 3644:Board for Certification of Genealogists, 1846: 1569:Learn how and when to remove this message 650:New England Historic Genealogical Society 556:Confucius Genealogy Compilation Committee 195:; or a particular, often famous, person. 27:Study of individual descent and bloodline 10519:Historical geographic information system 7285: 5334:"American Names: Declaring Independence" 5019: 4869:Association of Professional Genealogists 4633: 3659: 3047: 2426: 1461: 1344:The Family History Library, operated by 1339: 943: 903: 780: 738: 448: 381:may perform genealogical research using 315: 274:(genealogies) to discover who they are. 162: 74: 62: 5290:Kennedy, Patricia; Roy, Janine (1984). 5100: 5065: 5000: 4839:Board for Certification of Genealogists 4743:Board for Certification of Genealogists 3443: 3441: 3345:National Genealogical Society Quarterly 3132: 2954: 2768: 2054:International Museum for Family History 1950:Clearly document and organize findings. 1936:Board for Certification of Genealogists 1915: 1444: 1363:containing research guidance articles. 960: 711:National Genealogical Society Quarterly 444: 312:is a foundation for a healthy society. 14: 10566: 10159:English historical school of economics 8211:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy 6265: 5109: 5042: 4794: 4615:Informatics for Health and Social Care 4501:, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983. 4472:London: Longman, 1987; Sherry Irvine, 4291:from the original on 12 September 2013 3485:from the original on 23 September 2016 3227: 3183: 2923: 2799: 2521: 2487: 1745:David Rumsey Historical Map Collection 10475: 10420: 10355:Revisionist school of Islamic studies 10194:Historical reliability of the Gospels 10052: 9579: 8652: 8641: 7284: 7027: 6791: 6430: 6264: 6159: 5409: 5331: 5217: 5199: 5156: 5091: 5070:. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited. 5005:(2nd ed.). Indianapolis: Alpha. 4710:The Dictionary of Occupational Titles 4617:2004, Vol. 29, No. 3-4, Pages 221–227 4278: 3944: 3646:The BCG Genealogical Standards Manual 3414: 2830: 2395: 2333: 2150: 2148: 2146: 1975: 1923: 1884: 1135:Hereditary & lineage organization 570:Roots: The Saga of an American Family 392: 10547: 8642: 8172:More Irish than the Irish themselves 5376: 5312: 5140: 4440:Federation of Genealogical Societies 4182:from the original on August 12, 2014 4034:Salt Lake City: Ancestry Pub., 1988. 4009:from the original on 13 October 2007 3997:Pranava K Chaudhary (3 April 2007). 3573:from the original on 1 December 2017 3558: 3438: 3172:Myth, Rulership, Church and Charters 2469:from the original on 30 January 2019 2364: 2089:"Généalogie de la famille de Landas" 1547:adding citations to reliable sources 1514: 1431:Federation of Genealogical Societies 1139:Daughters of the American Revolution 911:is an example of genealogy software. 823:Molecular Genealogy Research Project 425:) to reinforce racial segregation. 344:Daughters of the American Revolution 9242:Functionalism–intentionalism debate 6431: 5186:Research Guide to Chinese Genealogy 5183: 5121: 4343: 4313:Hutchinson, Angelyn (20 Apr 2018). 4230:. FamilySearch. December 25, 2012. 4117:from the original on March 21, 2016 3925:Vol. 14, No. 3 (1962), pp. 427–445 3599:from the original on April 16, 2019 3312:. February 16, 2008. Archived from 2892: 2861: 2552: 2528:Te Ara, Encyclopedia of New Zealand 2064:List of Mormon family organizations 1739:using online mapping tools such as 1326:The Great Book of Irish Genealogies 770: 734: 296:, many people follow a practice of 24: 10255:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II 8199:Fourth Italian War of Independence 6185: 4997:44 scholarly essays by historians. 4950: 4514:, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 10–19, 1976. 4499:Ethnic Genealogy: A Research Guide 4356:from the original on 2 August 2019 4260:from the original on June 29, 2019 4234:from the original on July 11, 2014 4076:FamilySearch. Retrieved 2013-5-26. 3952:. Madhepura: Krānti Bihārī Varmā. 3725:from the original on July 10, 2018 3054:On Understanding Japanese Religion 2769:Brennan, Harry (30 October 2018). 2685: 2255: 2143: 525:establish one's links to ancestors 25: 10590: 5396: 5317:. San Jose, CA: CR Publications. 5096:. Stroud, England: History Press. 5020:Merriman, Brenda Dougall (2010). 4935:from the original on 24 July 2019 4925:"The Genetic Genealogy Standards" 4749:from the original on 21 July 2019 4446:from the original on 13 July 2019 4416:from the original on 20 July 2019 4325:from the original on 13 July 2019 4208:from the original on July 8, 2019 3902:from the original on July 2, 2019 3278:China Internet Information Center 3016: 2998:from the original on 24 June 2019 2985: 2967:from the original on 24 June 2019 2955:Johnson, Lizzie (29 April 2018). 2874:from the original on 19 June 2019 2843:from the original on 24 June 2019 2812:from the original on 24 June 2019 2781:from the original on 24 June 2019 2698:from the original on 12 July 2019 2667:from the original on 12 July 2019 2599:from the original on 24 June 2019 2569:from the original on 24 June 2019 2534:from the original on 24 June 2019 2500:from the original on 24 June 2019 2439:from the original on 22 July 2019 2408:from the original on 12 July 2019 2377:from the original on 12 July 2019 2346:from the original on 12 July 2019 2273:from the original on 22 June 2019 789:allele lengths in six individuals 536:The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail 453:A Medieval genealogy traced from 257:Community or religious obligation 10546: 10537: 10536: 10053: 9553: 9552: 9394:Palestinian expulsion and flight 7906:5000-year civilization assertion 7482:Nadir of American race relations 5292:Tracing Your Ancestors in Canada 4917: 4905:from the original on 4 July 2019 4887: 4875:from the original on 4 July 2019 4857: 4845:from the original on 3 June 2019 4827: 4815:from the original on 2 July 2019 4782:from the original on 4 July 2019 4715: 4702: 4678: 4653: 4620: 4603: 4526:"Dutch Patronymics of the 1600s" 4202:"Granite Mountain Records Vault" 4051:. April 22, 2013. Archived from 3803:(Drexel University Press, 2017). 3029:from the original on 1 July 2019 2936:from the original on 16 May 2019 2905:from the original on 2 July 2019 2633:from the original on 8 July 2018 2427:Sokolove, Sofia (30 June 2018). 2396:Pearl, Diana (30 October 2018). 2162:from the original on 5 July 2013 1519: 1005:and biographical profiles (e.g. 828: 687:American Society of Genealogists 635: 10383:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism 9257:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 9192:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising 8999:Causes of the Armenian genocide 7308:Pyramid construction techniques 6875:Comparative historical research 6792: 6493:Library and information science 5211:Polish roots = Korzenie polskie 5209:Chorzempa, Rosemary A. (1993). 5145:. Salt Lake City, UT: Ancestry. 5047:How to Do Everything: Genealogy 4929:The Genetic Genealogy Standards 4699:(1982) vol. 15, no. 3, 111–126. 4667:from the original on 2017-09-13 4578: 4569: 4558:from the original on 2009-01-26 4543: 4532:from the original on 2008-05-01 4517: 4504: 4483: 4458: 4428: 4398: 4368: 4337: 4272: 4246: 4220: 4194: 4164: 4129: 4099: 4079: 4037: 4020: 3990: 3964: 3938: 3914: 3884: 3871: 3858: 3845: 3832: 3819: 3806: 3793: 3763: 3737: 3711: 3698: 3685: 3672: 3638: 3626: 3611: 3585: 3533: 3510: 3497: 3467: 3454: 3388: 3363: 3350: 3327: 3296: 3285:from the original on 2008-11-03 3261: 3221: 3177: 3164: 3126: 3086: 3041: 3010: 2979: 2948: 2917: 2886: 2855: 2824: 2793: 2762: 2749: 2736: 2723: 2710: 2679: 2649: 2615: 2581: 2546: 2515: 2496:. Kingston Strategic (NZ) Ltd. 2481: 2451: 2420: 2389: 2365:Tapp, Fiona (18 January 2019). 2358: 2334:Bowen, Alison (19 April 2019). 2327: 2316:from the original on 2006-10-06 2128:from the original on 1 May 2019 1457: 848: 561: 364:Investigative genetic genealogy 281:(LDS Church) has a doctrine of 58:Family history (disambiguation) 10395:Gunpowder and gun transmission 10345:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule 10154:Historical school of economics 10091:Nationalism in the Middle Ages 9529:Gunpowder and gun transmission 9403:Zionism as settler colonialism 8408:Limpieza de sangre controversy 7375:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis 5933:Genealogical numbering systems 5294:(8th, rev. ed.). Ottawa: 4835:"Genealogist's Code of Ethics" 4644:Historical Methods Newsletter, 4588:(in Norwegian). Archived from 3879:Historical Methods Newsletter, 3358:Journal of Mississippi History 2524:"Story: Whakapapa – genealogy" 2302: 2285: 2241:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 2228: 2214:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 2201: 2187:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 2174: 2106: 2081: 2044:Genealogical numbering systems 1804: 1703: 1510: 1367:Indexing ancestral information 1332:(d. 1671), published in 2004. 948:A family history page from an 548:Guinness Book of World Records 413:Discrimination and persecution 69:Louis III, Duke of Württemberg 13: 1: 10204:Opposition to Papal supremacy 9580: 7392:Indigenous population history 6072:International Day of Families 5732:Australian Aboriginal kinship 5233:The German Research Companion 5200:Adams, Suzanne Russo (2008). 4512:Historical Methods Newsletter 3136:The State in Indian Tradition 3051:(21 October 1987). "Shinto". 2522:Taonui, Rāwiri (1 Jul 2015). 2267:National Genealogical Society 2075: 1907:Primary and secondary sources 1467: 1023:Church and Religious records 501:Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies 220: 10120:Desacralization of knowledge 8391:Carlism in the Francoist era 8359:Holodomor in modern politics 7028: 5103:Tracing Your Irish Ancestors 5026:Ontario Genealogical Society 4628:Names: American Name Society 4344:Yan, Alice (18 March 2018). 3842:(Osborne/McGraw-Hill, 2001). 3799:Heather Lynn Willever-Farr, 3706:Journal of Genetic Genealogy 2924:Almasy, Steve (8 May 2019). 2831:Nolan, Caitlin (June 2019). 2731:British Journal of Sociology 1894:Copying and compiling errors 1603: 1581:Genealogical data regarding 1401:Record loss and preservation 1361:Family History Research Wiki 1282:of persons who were neither 660:Genealogical Society of Utah 423:Racial Integrity Act of 1924 229:Personal or medical interest 7: 10512:Historiographic metafiction 10476: 10422:Organizations, publications 10211:Proto-orthodox Christianity 9161:German resistance to Nazism 9017:Persian famine of 1917–1919 8427:Islamic revolution of Spain 8354:Holodomor genocide question 8230:Revisionism of Risorgimento 8224:Rerum italicarum scriptores 8205:Historiae Patriae Monumenta 7972:Self-Strengthening Movement 7122:decolonization of knowledge 5390:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 5340:. American Immigration LLC. 5281:Greenwood, Val. D. (2000). 4228:"United States Census 1940" 3347:91 (December 2003): 260–77. 2158:. Society of Genealogists. 2122:Online Etymology Dictionary 2059:List of genealogy databases 2021: 1940:Genealogical Proof Standard 1876:Motivation of the informant 899: 554:was printed in 2009 by the 389:or perpetrators of crimes. 358:Legal and forensic research 158: 10: 10595: 10309:Wissenschaft des Judentums 10286:Criticism of Protestantism 9166:Nazi foreign policy debate 8597:Second colonial occupation 8344:Soviet famine of 1930–1933 7982:Tibetan sovereignty debate 7526:Progressive-era historians 6961:Nationalization of history 6912:Historical-critical method 5435: 5372:. Mercer University Press. 5218:Malka, Jeffrey S. (2009). 5043:Morgan, George G. (2009). 4965:The Genealogist's Internet 2744:Journal of Women's History 2293:Journal of Popular Culture 1859:Knowledge of the informant 1798:French Republican Calendar 914: 774: 439: 361: 93: 51: 47:Genealogy (disambiguation) 44: 29: 10531: 10482: 10471: 10427: 10416: 10365: 10169: 10128: 10059: 10048: 9904: 9590: 9586: 9575: 9547: 9516: 9480: 9374: 9328: 9314:Second Sino-Japanese War 9292: 9222: 9174: 9136: 9096: 8972: 8794: 8713: 8689: 8648: 8637: 8613: 8511: 8478: 8369: 8293: 8250: 8191: 8156: 8128: 8119:Vergangenheitsbewältigung 8063: 7990: 7896: 7824: 7538: 7467: 7400: 7362: 7295: 7291: 7280: 7105: 7038: 7034: 7023: 6800: 6787: 6614: 6481: 6443: 6439: 6426: 6303: 6277: 6273: 6260: 6193: 6097: 6033:National Grandparents Day 5998: 5957: 5825: 5717: 5677: 5620: 5585: 5550: 5486: 5443: 5332:Smith, Marian L. (n.d.). 5051:. New York: McGraw-Hill. 5024:(2nd ed.). Toronto: 4963:Christian, Peter (2012). 4524:Lorine McGinnis Schulze. 3896:www.evidenceexplained.com 3829:(F+ W Media, Inc., 2016). 3695:(F+ W Media, Inc., 2016). 2069:List of national archives 1408:1890 United States Census 1395:1950 United States Census 1381:1940 United States Census 1330:Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh 940:Records and documentation 843:Social networking service 242:in their family history. 54:Family history (medicine) 10069:Crisis of historiography 9232:Auschwitz bombing debate 8918:Indian Rebellion of 1857 8769:Late Bronze Age collapse 8703:List of military museums 8306:Pre-Revolutionary Russia 8278:Polish People's Republic 8113:Sybel-Ficker controversy 7477:African-American history 7450:Colonial Spanish America 7239:Second Thirty Years' War 5313:Rose, Christine (2004). 5001:McClure, Rhonda (2002). 4805:"Code of Conduct/Ethics" 4528:. Olive Tree Genealogy. 4350:South China Morning Post 3719:"RootsWeb.com Home Page" 3620:The American Genealogist 3541:"Family History Program" 3017:Mills, Elizabeth Shown. 2718:Britain's royal families 1750: 1646:father's oldest brother 1417:and in Korea during the 1336:FamilySearch collections 706:The American Genealogist 680:Brigham Young University 591: 310:respect for one's family 208:family history societies 9182:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 9041:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 8592:Porter–MacKenzie debate 8349:Causes of the Holodomor 7886:Problem of two emperors 7834:Catilinarian conspiracy 7061:Historical significance 6922:Indiscipline of history 6897:Historical anthropology 6125:Sociology of the family 5975:Philia (brotherly love) 5551:Second-degree relatives 5377:Weil, François (2013). 5141:Ryan, James G. (1997). 4985:, Lauren Kassell, eds. 4776:Society of Genealogists 4723:Social Science History, 4478:Scottish Family History 4026:Donald Harman Akenson, 3923:Economic History Review 3678:Jeffry Peter La Marca, 3665:Elizabeth Shown Mills, 3333:Elizabeth Shown Mills, 3049:Kitagawa, Joseph Mitsuo 2961:San Francisco Chronicle 2895:"The Cold Case Factory" 2465:. University of Otago. 1678:mother's oldest sister 1391:Artificial Intelligence 750:circumstantial evidence 584:With the advent of the 385:to identify victims of 215:Society of Genealogists 10276:Protestant Reformation 10250:Second Vatican Council 10228:Succession to Muhammad 10223:Criticism of the Quran 9974:Religious perspectives 9708:Klemens von Metternich 9305:"Battle for Australia" 9187:Soviet offensive plans 9156:Broad vs. narrow front 8995:Late Ottoman genocides 7928:Century of humiliation 7709:Goguryeo controversies 7687:2,500-year celebration 7345:Double genocide theory 7132:Historical negationism 6956:Ancestral civilisation 6944:Historical materialism 6902:Historical determinism 6852:History of mentalities 5980:Storge (familial love) 5586:Third-degree relatives 5488:First-degree relatives 5296:Public Archives Canada 5204:. Provo, UT: Ancestry. 5101:Grenham, John (2006). 5066:Simpson, Jack (2008). 4739:"Ethics and Standards" 4279:Blake, Kellee (1996). 3518:Family History Centers 3507:1994–1995 34(2): 4–392 2459:"Mihi – Introductions" 2039:Descent from antiquity 1985:Respect copyright laws 1847:Reliability of sources 1473: 1349: 1147:and property records, 953: 912: 892:, geographic area, or 886:genealogical societies 790: 744: 676:Family History Centers 668:Family History Library 457: 172: 80: 72: 56:. For other uses, see 32:Genealogy (philosophy) 10400:Torsion mangonel myth 10303:Modern Jewish history 10298:Jesuit historiography 10291:Protestant work ethic 10271:Hesychast controversy 10136:Industrial Revolution 10086:Library of Alexandria 10004:The Lord of the Rings 9654:Constantine the Great 9534:Torsion mangonel myth 9466:Sri Lankan Civil War 8545:Storm over the gentry 8446:Colonies or Provinces 7977:Sprouts of capitalism 7051:Historic preservation 7046:Change and continuity 6089:National Adoption Day 5965:Agape (parental love) 5165:. New York City, NY: 5157:Ching, Frank (1988). 5092:Durie, Bruce (2009). 3971:Carolyn Brown Heinz. 3623:61 (1985–86): 116–20. 3462:New England Quarterly 3096:(14 November 2013) . 3094:Williamson, Robert W. 3081:of the Yamato region. 2759:17.3 (2011): 462–480. 2746:26.3 (2014): 105–128. 2488:Himona, R.N. (2001). 1765:1841 census in the UK 1662:paternal grandmother 1654:maternal grandmother 1630:maternal grandfather 1622:paternal grandfather 1466:Lineage of a family, 1465: 1343: 1322:Leabhar na nGenealach 1077:telephone directories 1075:City directories and 947: 907: 815:genealogical DNA test 784: 742: 614:Kurukshetra (Haryana) 493:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 452: 316:Establishing identity 270:, for example, learn 166: 78: 66: 36:History of the family 10487:Commemorative plaque 9703:Juan Manuel de Rosas 9151:"Blitzkrieg" concept 9022:Powder keg of Europe 8897:Franco-Prussian War 8567:Winter of Discontent 8550:Suffragette Campaign 8217:Italiani brava gente 8183:Revolutionary period 8005:Frankish Interregnum 7938:"Chineseness" debate 7871:Byzantine succession 7856:Fall of Western Rome 7797:Executed Renaissance 7286:By country or region 7230:Age of Enlightenment 7204:Vaticinium ex eventu 7151:Modernisation theory 6985:Quantitative history 6361:Historical documents 6145:Dysfunctional family 6130:Museum of Motherhood 6077:National Family Week 5943:Quarters of nobility 5227:Riemer, Shirley J.; 4661:"Calendar Converter" 4161:Retrieved 2013-5-26. 4113:. February 3, 2015. 3464:2007 80(3): 408–434. 2095:(in French). Belgium 1916:Standards and ethics 1543:improve this section 1445:Types of information 1377:United States Census 1264:registration records 1234:(within the US) and 1212:, and asylum records 961:List of record types 819:genetic test results 761:documentary research 445:Pre-modern genealogy 283:baptism for the dead 45:For other uses, see 10579:Kinship and descent 10316:Schools of thought 10281:Proto-Protestantism 10150:School of Thoughts 10032:William Shakespeare 10017:Robert Falcon Scott 9922:Friedrich Nietzsche 9760:Cult of personality 9745:Neville Chamberlain 9605:Alexander the Great 9487:Russo-Georgian War 9460:Sovereignty dispute 9439:Iranian Revolution 9269:"Polish death camp" 9246:In relation to the 8955:Myth of English aid 8946:War of the Pacific 8723:Albigensian Crusade 8148:Indigenous Aryanism 7844:Constantinian shift 7380:Residential schools 7137:Historian's fallacy 7056:Historic recurrence 6554:Numismatics (Money) 6326:Archaeological site 6250:theories of history 6115:Wedding anniversary 6067:American Family Day 6023:Father–Daughter Day 5970:Eros (marital love) 5719:Kinship terminology 4148:"Research Outlines" 3946:Verma, Binod Bihari 3360:1991 53(4): 321–336 3316:on October 22, 2012 3271:Confucius Genealogy 2806:The Times of Israel 2800:Ghert-Zand, Renee. 1737:Family tree mapping 1727:can be invaluable. 1415:Cultural Revolution 1353:Centers worldwide. 1298:of persons' lives. 793:Because a person's 552:Confucius Genealogy 505:Biblical patriarchs 481:kinship and descent 240:hereditary diseases 197:Bloodlines of Salem 67:The family tree of 10507:Historical realism 10502:Historical fiction 10447:History institutes 10437:Historical society 10432:Heritage registers 10320:Biblical criticism 10233:Islamic golden age 10184:Early Christianity 10064:Bears in antiquity 9952:Medieval Christian 9750:Pedro II of Brazil 9698:José de San Martín 9502:Syrian revolution 9414:Malayan Emergency 9389:1948 Palestine war 9122:Spanish Civil War 9072:War guilt question 8881:American Civil War 8861:Invasion of Russia 8837:New Russian School 8621:Colonial Australia 8337:October Revolution 8100:Strukturgeschichte 8036:Location of Alésia 7955:Hua–Yi distinction 7876:Moscow, third Rome 7492:Reconstruction era 7313:Black Egypt Thesis 7235:European Civil War 7191:Translatio imperii 7146:Invented tradition 6267:Historical sources 5875:collateral descent 5272:. Washington, DC: 5194:Continental Europe 5137:17.1 (2017): 5–25. 5094:Scottish Genealogy 4697:Historical Methods 4691:2010-06-21 at the 4684:Robert M. Hauser, 4552:"Lög um Mannanöfn" 4489:Trafford R. Cole, 4178:. April 29, 2010. 4159:FamilySearch Wiki. 4154:2013-05-15 at the 4142:2013-05-27 at the 4092:2013-08-15 at the 4072:2013-07-31 at the 4045:"Thanks A Billion" 3932:2017-01-03 at the 3855:17.1 (2017): 5–25. 3816:17.1 (2017): 5–25. 3780:The New York Times 3708:8.1 (2016): 35–37. 3650:American Genealogy 3523:2019-06-27 at the 3427:2017-08-02 at the 3420:Nijhawan, Surabhi 3340:2013-06-06 at the 3309:Xinhua News Agency 3229:Chaney, William A. 3185:Chaney, William A. 2627:ABC News Australia 2340:SCNow Morning News 1976:Ethical guidelines 1924:Research standards 1885:The effect of time 1837:framework knitting 1791:Gregorian calendar 1780:Gregorian calendar 1474: 1350: 1220:alumni association 954: 933:same-sex marriages 917:Genealogy software 913: 835:genealogy software 791: 745: 517:genealogy of Jesus 458: 393:Scholarly research 201:Salem Witch Trials 173: 145:future generations 81: 73: 40:Academic genealogy 10561: 10560: 10527: 10526: 10467: 10466: 10412: 10411: 10408: 10407: 10325:Catholic theology 10179:Avestan geography 10044: 10043: 10040: 10039: 10027:Søren Kierkegaard 9900: 9899: 9811:Warren G. Harding 9571: 9570: 9567: 9566: 9370: 9369: 9248:Armenian genocide 9111:Polish–Soviet War 9106:Burning of Smyrna 9092: 9091: 9082:Reichstag inquiry 9005:Patriotic consent 8876: 8875: 8851:War in the Vendée 8815:French Revolution 8797:century conflicts 8786:Peloponnesian War 8747:Eighty Years' War 8633: 8632: 8629: 8628: 8609: 8608: 8605: 8604: 8538:Westminster Stone 8235:Southern question 8074:Alltagsgeschichte 8024:Legendary Saracen 7726:Early settlements 7534: 7533: 7514:Political history 7499:Consensus history 7276: 7275: 7272: 7271: 7268: 7267: 7258:Continuity thesis 7197:Translatio studii 7083:Theory of history 7019: 7018: 7015: 7014: 6973:Subaltern Studies 6858:Nouvelle histoire 6783: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6695:Medieval churches 6682:Geistesgeschichte 6626:Paleoanthropology 6534:Encyclopaedistics 6422: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6290:Secondary sources 6153: 6152: 5953: 5952: 5870:Lineal descendant 5840:Bilateral descent 5593:Great-grandparent 5478:Matrifocal family 5402:Family History UK 5338:Immigration Daily 5274:National Archives 5184:Yan, May (2010). 5077:978-1-59158-514-5 5035:978-1-55488-451-3 4974:978-1-4081-5957-6 4630:2009 57(1): 30–51 4285:Prologue Magazine 2686:Richey, Jeffrey. 2589:"Topic:Genealogy" 2553:Te Rito, Joseph. 2244:. Merriam-Webster 2217:. Merriam-Webster 2190:. Merriam-Webster 2049:Genealogy tourism 2034:Cluster genealogy 2015:genetic genealogy 1682: 1681: 1579: 1578: 1571: 854:Volunteer efforts 803:Mitochondrial DNA 777:Genetic genealogy 340:lineage societies 71:(ruled 1568–1593) 16:(Redirected from 10586: 10550: 10549: 10540: 10539: 10492:Documentary film 10473: 10472: 10452:History journals 10418: 10417: 10391: 10263: 10199:Primacy of Peter 10146:Great Depression 10126: 10125: 10099: 10077: 10050: 10049: 9998:J. R. R. Tolkien 9853: 9852: 9848: 9836: 9824: 9806:Ulysses S. Grant 9801:Thomas Jefferson 9792: 9768: 9731: 9694: 9682: 9650: 9638: 9630:Chiang Ching-kuo 9620:Cato the Younger 9610:Amin al-Husseini 9588: 9587: 9577: 9576: 9556: 9555: 9539:War and genocide 9363: 9349:Résistancialisme 9336:Battle of France 9318:Nanjing Massacre 9172: 9171: 9053: 9052: 9049: 9013: 8963: 8845: 8828: 8801: 8800: 8728:Catharism debate 8714:pre-18th century 8696:Military history 8673: 8666: 8659: 8650: 8649: 8643:By war, conflict 8639: 8638: 8587:Cambridge School 8573: 8572: 8471: 8459: 8435: 8416: 8326: 8314: 8286: 8108: 8086:Historikerstreit 8056: 8044: 8032: 8013: 7999:Cordon sanitaire 7945:New Qing History 7933:Conquest dynasty 7924: 7839:Christianization 7822: 7821: 7741: 7654: 7642: 7630: 7608: 7596: 7588:Byzantine Empire 7443:Iquicha Royalism 7432: 7398: 7397: 7321: 7293: 7292: 7282: 7281: 7225:Age of Discovery 7214:Periodization of 7211: 7210: 7185:Transhistoricity 7180:Thirty-year rule 7091: 7079: 7036: 7035: 7025: 7024: 7005:Great Man theory 6968:People's history 6930: 6835: 6834: 6827:Three-age system 6789: 6788: 6489:Archival science 6441: 6440: 6428: 6427: 6295:Tertiary sources 6275: 6274: 6262: 6261: 6211:by area of study 6180: 6173: 6166: 6157: 6156: 6135:Astronaut family 5906: 5905: 5807:Iroquois kinship 5797:Sudanese kinship 5792:Hawaiian kinship 5767:Family of choice 5598:Great-grandchild 5473:Immediate family 5430: 5423: 5416: 5407: 5406: 5391: 5382: 5373: 5364: 5352: 5341: 5328: 5309: 5286: 5277: 5271: 5236: 5229:Minert, Roger P. 5223: 5214: 5205: 5189: 5180: 5164: 5146: 5135:Archival Science 5130: 5118: 5106: 5097: 5081: 5062: 5050: 5039: 5016: 4983:Rebecca Flemming 4978: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4921: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4895:"Code of Ethics" 4891: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4831: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4801: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4768: 4759: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4735: 4726: 4719: 4713: 4706: 4700: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4672: 4663:. Fourmilab.ch. 4657: 4651: 4640: 4631: 4624: 4618: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4597: 4582: 4576: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4554:(in Icelandic). 4547: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4537: 4521: 4515: 4508: 4502: 4487: 4481: 4464:Mark D. Herber, 4462: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4389: 4387: 4380:The Deseret News 4372: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4310: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4168: 4162: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4103: 4097: 4083: 4077: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4041: 4035: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4014: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3984: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3942: 3936: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3888: 3882: 3881:Sept. 1969 2:1–9 3875: 3869: 3862: 3856: 3853:Archival Science 3849: 3843: 3840:Genealogy online 3836: 3830: 3823: 3817: 3814:Archival Science 3810: 3804: 3797: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3787: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3747:. Archived from 3741: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3715: 3709: 3702: 3696: 3689: 3683: 3676: 3670: 3663: 3657: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3552: 3543:. Archived from 3537: 3531: 3514: 3508: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3471: 3465: 3458: 3452: 3445: 3436: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3398:. Archived from 3392: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3382: 3373:. Archived from 3367: 3361: 3354: 3348: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3321: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3290: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3253: 3251: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3209: 3207: 3181: 3175: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3155: 3153: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3118: 3116: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3073: 3071: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2893:Weinman, Sarah. 2890: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2862:Molteni, Megan. 2859: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2766: 2760: 2753: 2747: 2740: 2734: 2733:(1984): 333–362. 2727: 2721: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2640: 2638: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2606: 2604: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2550: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2507: 2505: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2424: 2418: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2322: 2321: 2306: 2300: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2259: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2249: 2236:"family history" 2232: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2222: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2195: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2152: 2141: 2140: 2135: 2133: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2101: 2100: 2085: 1828:master craftsman 1604: 1574: 1567: 1563: 1560: 1554: 1523: 1515: 1472: 1469: 1091:Criminal records 771:Genetic analysis 735:Research process 630:Himachal Pradesh 527:who boarded the 417:In the US, the " 298:ancestor worship 104: 97: 21: 10594: 10593: 10589: 10588: 10587: 10585: 10584: 10583: 10564: 10563: 10562: 10557: 10556: 10523: 10478: 10463: 10423: 10404: 10387: 10370: 10361: 10257: 10165: 10141:Great Recession 10124: 10095: 10071: 10055: 10036: 9927:H. 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Lovecraft 9896: 9858: 9851: 9842: 9830: 9818: 9786: 9762: 9735:Muammar Gaddafi 9725: 9713:Leonid Brezhnev 9688: 9676: 9659:Gregory Palamas 9644: 9642:Chiang Kai Shek 9632: 9592: 9582: 9563: 9562: 9543: 9524:Conflict thesis 9512: 9476: 9366: 9357: 9324: 9288: 9218: 9170: 9132: 9098:Interwar period 9088: 9058: 9051: 9043: 9027:Schlieffen Plan 9007: 8968: 8957: 8872: 8839: 8822: 8807: 8796: 8790: 8774:Dorian invasion 8759:Fall of Babylon 8715: 8709: 8708: 8685: 8677: 8644: 8625: 8601: 8578: 8571: 8533:Kingdom of Alba 8514: 8507: 8474: 8465: 8453: 8451:Spanish decline 8429: 8410: 8365: 8320: 8308: 8289: 8280: 8246: 8187: 8152: 8138:Greater Magadha 8124: 8102: 8059: 8050: 8038: 8026: 8007: 7986: 7960:Four Barbarians 7918: 7892: 7820: 7777:Götaland theory 7745:Lusotropicalism 7735: 7716:North Macedonia 7648: 7636: 7624: 7602: 7590: 7530: 7509:Frontier thesis 7504:Cyclical theory 7487:Neoabolitionism 7463: 7426: 7396: 7358: 7335:Greater Morocco 7315: 7287: 7264: 7215: 7209: 7101: 7085: 7073: 7030: 7011: 6924: 6839: 6833: 6815:Historical eras 6796: 6775: 6610: 6507:Writing systems 6477: 6435: 6433:Fields of study 6414: 6408:Service records 6393:Religious texts 6299: 6285:Primary sources 6269: 6256: 6255: 6189: 6184: 6154: 6149: 6093: 5994: 5949: 5938:Seize quartiers 5904: 5845:Common ancestor 5829: 5821: 5787:Chinese kinship 5782:Nurture kinship 5772:Fictive kinship 5713: 5673: 5662:daughter-in-law 5616: 5581: 5546: 5482: 5468:Conjugal family 5463:Extended family 5439: 5434: 5399: 5394: 5361: 5325: 5306: 5239:Volkmar Weiss: 5177: 5111:Herber, Mark D. 5078: 5059: 5036: 5013: 4981:Hopwood, Nick, 4975: 4953: 4951:Further reading 4948: 4938: 4936: 4923: 4922: 4918: 4908: 4906: 4893: 4892: 4888: 4878: 4876: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4818: 4816: 4803: 4802: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4770: 4769: 4762: 4752: 4750: 4737: 4736: 4729: 4720: 4716: 4707: 4703: 4693:Wayback Machine 4683: 4679: 4670: 4668: 4659: 4658: 4654: 4641: 4634: 4625: 4621: 4609:E. 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Wrigley, 4608: 4604: 4595: 4593: 4584: 4583: 4579: 4574: 4570: 4561: 4559: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4535: 4533: 4522: 4518: 4509: 4505: 4488: 4484: 4463: 4459: 4449: 4447: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4419: 4417: 4404: 4403: 4399: 4385: 4383: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4359: 4357: 4342: 4338: 4328: 4326: 4311: 4304: 4294: 4292: 4277: 4273: 4263: 4261: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4237: 4235: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4211: 4209: 4200: 4199: 4195: 4185: 4183: 4170: 4169: 4165: 4156:Wayback Machine 4144:Wayback Machine 4136:"Research Wiki" 4134: 4130: 4120: 4118: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4094:Wayback Machine 4084: 4080: 4074:Wayback Machine 4058: 4056: 4043: 4042: 4038: 4025: 4021: 4012: 4010: 3995: 3991: 3982: 3980: 3969: 3965: 3943: 3939: 3934:Wayback Machine 3919: 3915: 3905: 3903: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3876: 3872: 3868:(2nd ed. 2008). 3863: 3859: 3850: 3846: 3837: 3833: 3824: 3820: 3811: 3807: 3798: 3794: 3785: 3783: 3768: 3764: 3754: 3752: 3751:on May 18, 2018 3743: 3742: 3738: 3728: 3726: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3703: 3699: 3690: 3686: 3677: 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8742: 8732: 8731: 8730: 8719: 8717: 8711: 8710: 8707: 8706: 8699: 8691: 8690: 8687: 8686: 8683:historiography 8676: 8675: 8668: 8661: 8653: 8646: 8645: 8635: 8634: 8631: 8630: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8623: 8617: 8615: 8611: 8610: 8607: 8606: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8583: 8581: 8570: 8569: 8564: 8563: 8562: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8541: 8540: 8535: 8525: 8519: 8517: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8505: 8504: 8503: 8501:Decline thesis 8498: 8491:Ottoman Empire 8488: 8482: 8480: 8476: 8475: 8473: 8472: 8460: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8437: 8436: 8417: 8405: 8400: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8373: 8371: 8367: 8366: 8364: 8363: 8362: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8341: 8340: 8339: 8329: 8328: 8327: 8318:Skeptic School 8303: 8301:Anti-Normanism 8297: 8295: 8291: 8290: 8288: 8287: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8258:Golden Liberty 8254: 8252: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8244: 8243: 8242: 8240:Neo-Bourbonism 8232: 8227: 8220: 8213: 8208: 8201: 8195: 8193: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8168: 8162: 8160: 8154: 8153: 8151: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8134: 8132: 8126: 8125: 8123: 8122: 8115: 8110: 8096: 8089: 8082: 8080:Borussian myth 8077: 8069: 8067: 8061: 8060: 8058: 8057: 8045: 8033: 8021: 8014: 8002: 7994: 7992: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7968: 7967: 7962: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7941: 7940: 7930: 7925: 7913: 7908: 7902: 7900: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7890: 7889: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7847: 7846: 7836: 7830: 7828: 7819: 7818: 7817: 7816: 7811: 7801: 7800: 7799: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7780: 7779: 7771: 7770: 7769: 7759: 7758: 7757: 7749: 7748: 7747: 7730: 7729: 7728: 7718: 7713: 7712: 7711: 7706: 7696: 7691: 7690: 7689: 7681: 7680: 7679: 7669: 7668: 7667: 7657: 7656: 7655: 7643: 7631: 7616: 7611: 7610: 7609: 7585: 7580: 7579: 7578: 7570: 7565: 7564: 7563: 7555: 7554: 7553: 7551:Dealbanisation 7542: 7540: 7536: 7535: 7532: 7531: 7529: 7528: 7523: 7522: 7521: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7495: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7473: 7471: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7461: 7460: 7459: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7435: 7434: 7433: 7421: 7415:May Revolution 7406: 7404: 7395: 7394: 7389: 7388: 7387: 7385:Staples thesis 7382: 7377: 7366: 7364: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7356: 7349: 7348: 7347: 7339: 7338: 7337: 7329: 7324: 7323: 7322: 7310: 7301: 7299: 7289: 7288: 7278: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7262: 7261: 7260: 7250: 7241: 7232: 7227: 7221: 7219: 7217:modern history 7208: 7207: 7200: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7176: 7175: 7163: 7161:Paradigm shift 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7115: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7099: 7094: 7093: 7092: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7042: 7040: 7032: 7031: 7021: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7013: 7012: 7010: 7009: 7008: 7007: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6976: 6975: 6965: 6964: 6963: 6958: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6936: 6931: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6888: 6887: 6877: 6872: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6854: 6847:Annales school 6843: 6841: 6832: 6831: 6830: 6829: 6824: 6817: 6807: 6801: 6798: 6797: 6785: 6784: 6781: 6780: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6719: 6718: 6717: 6712: 6710:Constitutional 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6686: 6685: 6673: 6672: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6646: 6633: 6628: 6618: 6616: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6586:Postage stamps 6583: 6578: 6573: 6572: 6571: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6525: 6524: 6514: 6509: 6500: 6485: 6483: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6464: 6463: 6453: 6447: 6445: 6437: 6436: 6424: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6410: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6383:Oral tradition 6380: 6379: 6378: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6307: 6305: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6281: 6279: 6271: 6270: 6258: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6246: 6239: 6232: 6224: 6223: 6216: 6215: 6214: 6195: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6187:Historiography 6183: 6182: 6175: 6168: 6160: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6085: 6084: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6063: 6062: 6052: 6051: 6050: 6043:Children's Day 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6014: 6013: 6002: 6000: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5947: 5946: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5925: 5920: 5918:Pedigree chart 5914: 5912: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5885:Patrilineality 5882: 5880:Matrilineality 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5836: 5834: 5823: 5822: 5820: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5802:Eskimo kinship 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5723: 5721: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5694: 5683: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5671: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5654: 5652:Sibling-in-law 5649: 5644: 5643: 5642: 5637: 5626: 5624: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5614: 5609: 5600: 5595: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5579: 5574: 5565: 5560: 5554: 5552: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5542: 5537: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5520: 5510: 5509: 5508: 5503: 5492: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5458:Nuclear family 5455: 5450: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5433: 5432: 5425: 5418: 5410: 5398: 5397:External links 5395: 5393: 5392: 5383: 5374: 5365: 5359: 5342: 5329: 5323: 5310: 5304: 5287: 5278: 5255: 5254: 5251:979-8667675457 5237: 5224: 5215: 5206: 5191: 5190: 5181: 5175: 5148: 5147: 5138: 5131: 5119: 5107: 5098: 5083: 5082: 5076: 5063: 5057: 5040: 5034: 5017: 5011: 4998: 4979: 4973: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4946: 4916: 4886: 4856: 4826: 4793: 4760: 4727: 4714: 4701: 4677: 4652: 4632: 4619: 4602: 4577: 4568: 4542: 4516: 4503: 4482: 4457: 4427: 4397: 4367: 4336: 4302: 4271: 4245: 4219: 4193: 4163: 4128: 4098: 4078: 4036: 4019: 3989: 3963: 3937: 3913: 3883: 3870: 3857: 3844: 3831: 3818: 3805: 3792: 3773:(2004-04-22). 3762: 3736: 3710: 3697: 3684: 3671: 3658: 3637: 3625: 3610: 3584: 3557: 3532: 3509: 3496: 3466: 3453: 3437: 3413: 3387: 3362: 3349: 3326: 3295: 3273:out next year" 3260: 3243: 3220: 3199: 3176: 3163: 3145: 3125: 3108: 3085: 3063: 3040: 3009: 2986:Daley, Jason. 2978: 2947: 2916: 2899:Topic Magazine 2885: 2854: 2837:Inside Edition 2823: 2792: 2761: 2748: 2735: 2722: 2716:Alison Weir, 2709: 2678: 2648: 2629:. 4 Jul 2018. 2614: 2580: 2545: 2514: 2480: 2450: 2419: 2388: 2357: 2326: 2301: 2284: 2254: 2227: 2200: 2173: 2142: 2118:etymonline.com 2105: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2011: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1925: 1922: 1917: 1914: 1908: 1905: 1895: 1892: 1886: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1860: 1857: 1848: 1845: 1839:or gunmaking. 1806: 1803: 1752: 1749: 1705: 1702: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1672: 1671: 1668: 1664: 1663: 1660: 1656: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1602: 1577: 1576: 1527: 1525: 1518: 1512: 1509: 1459: 1456: 1446: 1443: 1402: 1399: 1368: 1365: 1337: 1334: 1276: 1275: 1265: 1259: 1245: 1239: 1229: 1223: 1213: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1187:Oral histories 1184: 1178: 1173: 1167: 1157: 1151: 1142: 1137:records, e.g. 1132: 1129:naturalization 1118: 1113: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1087:Court records 1085: 1079: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1062: 1057: 1048: 1043: 1033: 1021: 1015: 1014:Cemetery lists 1012: 1000: 994: 993: 992: 982: 977: 962: 959: 950:antebellum era 941: 938: 915:Main article: 901: 898: 861:message boards 850: 847: 830: 827: 785:Variations of 775:Main article: 772: 769: 754:family history 736: 733: 637: 634: 593: 590: 563: 560: 446: 443: 441: 438: 430:Mischling Test 414: 411: 394: 391: 362:Main article: 359: 356: 354:in Australia. 342:, such as the 321:Royal families 317: 314: 258: 255: 230: 227: 222: 219: 189:one-name study 160: 157: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10591: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10571: 10569: 10553: 10545: 10543: 10535: 10534: 10530: 10520: 10517: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10504: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10484: 10481: 10474: 10470: 10458: 10455: 10454: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10442: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10429: 10426: 10419: 10415: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10390: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10378:Merton thesis 10376: 10375: 10373: 10368: 10364: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10330:Panbabylonism 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10317: 10315: 10311: 10310: 10306: 10305: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10278: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10261: 10256: 10253: 10252: 10251: 10248: 10247: 10246: 10243: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10220: 10219: 10216: 10212: 10209: 10205: 10202: 10201: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10186: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10176: 10174: 10172: 10168: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10151: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10133: 10131: 10127: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10110: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10098: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10075: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10061: 10058: 10051: 10047: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10006: 10005: 10001: 10000: 9999: 9996: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9976: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9961: 9960: 9957: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9939: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9903: 9893: 9892:United States 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9864: 9862: 9860: 9854: 9846: 9841: 9838: 9834: 9829: 9826: 9822: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9790: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9773: 9772:Bolivarianism 9770: 9766: 9761: 9758: 9757: 9756: 9755:Simon Bolivar 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9729: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9692: 9687: 9686:Joseph Stalin 9684: 9680: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9648: 9643: 9640: 9636: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9597: 9595: 9589: 9585: 9578: 9574: 9559: 9551: 9550: 9546: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9521: 9519: 9515: 9507: 9504: 9503: 9501: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9485: 9483: 9481:Post-Cold War 9479: 9471: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9461: 9458: 9457: 9456: 9455:Falklands War 9453: 9451: 9450:Iran–Iraq War 9448: 9444: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9434: 9431: 9430: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9419: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9398:Ongoing Nakba 9395: 9392: 9391: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9381: 9379: 9377: 9373: 9361: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9350: 9346: 9344: 9343: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9333: 9331: 9329:Western Front 9327: 9319: 9316: 9315: 9313: 9311: 9310:Bengal famine 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9297: 9295: 9291: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9263: 9260: 9259: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9249: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9229: 9227: 9225: 9224:The Holocaust 9221: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9204: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9179: 9177: 9175:Eastern Front 9173: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9143: 9141: 9139: 9135: 9127: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9117: 9114: 9113: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9095: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9074: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9064: 9062: 9060: 9054: 9047: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9011: 9006: 9003: 9000: 8996: 8993: 8990: 8986: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8975: 8971: 8961: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8947: 8945: 8941: 8938: 8937: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8924: 8921: 8920: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8907: 8906:Paris Commune 8904: 8902: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8892: 8891:Turning point 8889: 8887: 8884: 8883: 8882: 8879: 8878: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8858: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8843: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8826: 8821: 8818: 8817: 8816: 8813: 8812: 8810: 8806: 8802: 8799: 8795:18th and 19th 8793: 8787: 8784: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8771: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8748: 8745: 8741: 8740:Islamic views 8738: 8737: 8736: 8733: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8724: 8721: 8720: 8718: 8712: 8705: 8704: 8700: 8698: 8697: 8693: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8681: 8674: 8669: 8667: 8662: 8660: 8655: 8654: 8651: 8647: 8640: 8636: 8622: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8612: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8584: 8582: 8580: 8574: 8568: 8565: 8561: 8558: 8557: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8530: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8520: 8518: 8516: 8510: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8493: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8477: 8469: 8464: 8463:Ser de España 8461: 8457: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8433: 8428: 8425: 8424: 8423: 8422: 8418: 8414: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8398: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8378: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8368: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8346: 8345: 8342: 8338: 8335: 8334: 8333: 8330: 8324: 8319: 8316: 8315: 8312: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8298: 8296: 8292: 8284: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8249: 8241: 8238: 8237: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8225: 8221: 8219: 8218: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8206: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8190: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8173: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8155: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8127: 8121: 8120: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8101: 8097: 8095: 8094: 8090: 8088: 8087: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8075: 8071: 8070: 8068: 8066: 8062: 8054: 8049: 8046: 8042: 8037: 8034: 8030: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8019: 8015: 8011: 8006: 8003: 8001: 8000: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7989: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7939: 7936: 7935: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7922: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7895: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7881:Ottoman claim 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7868: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7861:Prosopography 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7845: 7842: 7841: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7831: 7829: 7827: 7823: 7815: 7814:Trưng sisters 7812: 7810: 7809: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7778: 7775: 7774: 7772: 7768: 7765: 7764: 7763: 7760: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7746: 7743: 7742: 7739: 7734: 7731: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7701: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7688: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7678: 7675: 7674: 7673: 7670: 7666: 7665: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7652: 7647: 7644: 7640: 7635: 7632: 7628: 7623: 7620: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7606: 7601: 7598: 7597: 7594: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7577: 7574: 7573: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7562: 7561:Habsburg myth 7559: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7547: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7537: 7527: 7524: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7478: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7469:United States 7466: 7458: 7457: 7453: 7452: 7451: 7448: 7444: 7441: 7440: 7439: 7436: 7430: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7416: 7413: 7412: 7411: 7408: 7407: 7405: 7403: 7402:Latin America 7399: 7393: 7390: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7371: 7368: 7367: 7365: 7361: 7355: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7336: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7319: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7283: 7279: 7259: 7256: 7255: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7218: 7212: 7206: 7205: 7201: 7199: 7198: 7193: 7192: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7174: 7171: 7170: 7169: 7168: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7104: 7098: 7095: 7089: 7084: 7081: 7080: 7077: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7026: 7022: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6995:Transnational 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6974: 6971: 6970: 6969: 6966: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6949: 6945: 6942: 6941: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6928: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6886: 6885:Decoloniality 6883: 6882: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6866:Historiometry 6864: 6860: 6859: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6836: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6822: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6812: 6811: 6810:Periodization 6808: 6806: 6803: 6802: 6799: 6795: 6790: 6786: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6758: 6755: 6754: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6724: 6723: 6720: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6707: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6684: 6683: 6679: 6678: 6677: 6674: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6623: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6613: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6596:Sigillography 6594: 6592: 6591:Prosopography 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6504: 6501: 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6053: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6001: 5997: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5958:Relationships 5956: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5930: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5901: 5900:Royal descent 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5828: 5824: 5818: 5817:Omaha kinship 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5747:Consanguinity 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5716: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5688: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5676: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5647:Parent-in-law 5645: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5631: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5622:Family-in-law 5619: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5584: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5549: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5532: 5531: 5528: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5514: 5511: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5497: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5489: 5485: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5442: 5438: 5431: 5426: 5424: 5419: 5417: 5412: 5411: 5408: 5404: 5403: 5389: 5384: 5380: 5375: 5371: 5366: 5362: 5360:9781593312770 5356: 5351: 5350: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5326: 5324:0-929626-16-8 5320: 5316: 5311: 5307: 5305:0-662-13339-0 5301: 5297: 5293: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5275: 5270: 5269: 5262: 5261: 5260: 5259: 5258:North America 5252: 5248: 5244: 5243: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5207: 5203: 5198: 5197: 5196: 5195: 5187: 5182: 5178: 5176:0-688-04461-1 5172: 5168: 5163: 5162: 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Hong Kong. 4351: 4347: 4340: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4309: 4307: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4275: 4259: 4255: 4249: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4207: 4203: 4197: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4167: 4160: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4132: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4055:on 2013-09-18 4054: 4050: 4046: 4040: 4033: 4029: 4023: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3993: 3979:on 2008-03-29 3978: 3974: 3967: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3931: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3906:September 14, 3901: 3897: 3893: 3887: 3880: 3874: 3867: 3861: 3854: 3848: 3841: 3835: 3828: 3825:Drew Smith, 3822: 3815: 3809: 3802: 3796: 3782: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3766: 3755:September 14, 3750: 3746: 3740: 3729:September 14, 3724: 3720: 3714: 3707: 3701: 3694: 3688: 3681: 3675: 3668: 3662: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3641: 3634: 3629: 3622: 3621: 3614: 3603:September 14, 3598: 3594: 3588: 3572: 3568: 3561: 3547:on 2018-06-28 3546: 3542: 3536: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3519: 3513: 3506: 3500: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3470: 3463: 3457: 3450: 3444: 3442: 3434: 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2484: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2454: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2423: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2392: 2376: 2372: 2371:Self Magazine 2368: 2361: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2330: 2315: 2311: 2305: 2299:(3): 393–412. 2298: 2294: 2288: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2243: 2242: 2237: 2231: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2204: 2189: 2188: 2183: 2182:"family tree" 2177: 2161: 2157: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2139: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2109: 2094: 2090: 2084: 2080: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2019: 2016: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1982: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1921: 1913: 1904: 1900: 1891: 1882: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1856: 1853: 1844: 1840: 1838: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1811: 1802: 1799: 1794: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1757: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1728: 1726: 1725: 1720: 1719:Staffordshire 1716: 1712: 1701: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1688: 1677: 1675:4th daughter 1674: 1673: 1669: 1667:3rd daughter 1666: 1665: 1661: 1659:2nd daughter 1658: 1657: 1653: 1651:1st daughter 1650: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1573: 1570: 1562: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1528:This section 1526: 1522: 1517: 1516: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1464: 1455: 1453: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1373: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1347: 1342: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254:records, and 1253: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1096:Civil records 1094: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1004: 1001: 998: 995: 990: 986: 983: 981: 980:Death records 978: 976: 975:Birth records 973: 972: 971: 970:Vital records 968: 967: 966: 958: 951: 946: 937: 934: 930: 925: 918: 910: 906: 897: 895: 891: 887: 882: 879: 875: 870: 869:mailing lists 866: 862: 857: 855: 846: 844: 840: 836: 829:Collaboration 826: 824: 820: 816: 812: 811:Autosomal DNA 808: 804: 800: 796: 788: 783: 778: 768: 766: 762: 757: 755: 751: 741: 732: 730: 729: 724: 723: 718: 717: 712: 708: 707: 701: 699: 695: 694: 688: 683: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 656: 655: 651: 647: 643: 636:United States 633: 631: 627: 623: 619: 618:Trimbakeshwar 615: 611: 610:Uttar Pradesh 607: 603: 599: 589: 587: 582: 580: 576: 572: 571: 559: 557: 553: 549: 545: 540: 538: 537: 532: 531: 526: 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