674:(civilian and military), apparently without much external supervision. As of July 2023, "goods have also entered Gaza regularly from Egypt, via the Rafah crossing, controlled by the Egyptian authorities, and then through the adjacent Salah Ad Din Gate, controlled by the local authorities." Since 2018, the Salah Ad-Din Gate has seen a steady growth in traffic, so that in 2022/2023, over 50% of the construction materials, 25% of the food and c. 40% of non-food items entered the Strip through Salah Ad-Din Gate crossing. In 2023, c. 36% of the total imports to the Strip arrived through the Gate.
35:
670:, since February 2018 a secondary commercial border crossing 4 km northwest of Rafah Crossing, and named after Salah al-Din Road, the Strip's main north-south thoroughfare. Before 2018, the gate allowed two-way humanitarian access for Gaza and Sinai residents, but didn't serve commercial purposes. It was repurposed in 2018, when Hamas militants manned the Gaza side and taxed incoming cargo, which included goods with controversial
741:
641:
952:
622:
flooding of the border with sea water, because it posed a serious threat to environment and ground water. In
November 2015, large areas of soil collapsed as a result of the flooding, threatening Gazan homes in Rafah near the Saladin Gate. Salty water flowed out from the ground, contaminating the soil and making it unusable for agriculture.
950:
1114:"Abbas believed the destruction of the tunnels was the best solution. The Palestinian president said he had recommended previously the sealing or destruction of the tunnels by flooding them and then punishing the owners of the homes that contained entrances to the tunnels, including demolishing their homes."
621:
On 11 September 2015, the
Egyptian army began to pump water from the Mediterranean Sea into the tunnels. According to the Egyptian president Abdel Fatah Al-Sisi, flooding of the tunnels had been carried out in coordination with the Palestinian Authority. A number of Palestinian factions condemned the
594:
under the border had produced 1,800 millionaires, and were used for smuggling weapons, drugs, cash, and equipment for forging documents. Abbas had previously recommended the sealing or destruction of the tunnels, by flooding them, and then punishing the owners of the homes that contained entrances to
568:
In
October 2014, Egypt announced that they planned to expand the buffer zone between Gaza and Egypt, following a terrorist attack from Gaza that killed 31 Egyptian soldiers. The buffer was created "in a move meant to halt the passage of weapons and militants through cross-border smuggling tunnels but
542:
along the border was dropped in 2005 after it became clear that it would likely be rejected by Israel's
Attorney General, Menachem Mazuz, because it required the destruction of 3,000 more homes in Rafah. Instead, the IDF started the building of a 7–9 meters high (about 20–30 feet) concrete wall along
498:
After the death on 12 May 2004 of five
Israeli soldiers who were operating in the buffer zone, the Israel government approved on 13 May a plan to further widen the buffer zone, which would require the demolition of hundreds of homes. The Israeli military recommended demolishing all homes within 300
598:
On 8 January 2015, Egypt's expansion resulted in the destruction of about 1,220 homes, while destroying more than 1,600 tunnels. Some of the tunnels discovered were over one kilometre long, and contained lighting, ventilation, and phone systems. The total cost of this phase of the buffer zone was
572:
Egyptian authorities ordered residents living along the country's eastern border to evacuate their homes prior to their demolishing. The buffer zone was to include water-filled trenches to thwart tunnel diggers. It was to be 500 meters wide and extended along the 13 km border. Following the
510:
issued an interim order, temporarily barring the IDF from demolishing homes in the refugee camp, if the action was not part of "a regular military operation". Nevertheless, the IDF continued the destruction of homes until 15 May 5:00 a.m. because of "immediate military necessity, a risk to
489:
Since 2001, the IDF demolished
Palestinian houses in Rafah to create the buffer zone. In 2002, hundreds of houses in Rafah were destroyed to widen the buffer zone and for the building of an eight meter high and 1.6 kilometres long metal wall along the border. The wall also extended two meters
581:, that any residents unwilling to move wilfully would be forcefully removed from their homes, many residents left the area. On 17 November 2014, Egypt announced that the buffer zone would be doubled to one kilometre, due to the longer-than-expected tunnels that had been discovered.
529:
Between 1 April 2003 and 30 April 2004, 106 houses were demolished in Rafah. According to HRW, the IDF's justifications for the destruction were doubtful and rather consistent with the goal of having a wide and empty border area to facilitate long-term control over the Gaza Strip.
521:
On 18 May, the Israel government declared that the plan to widen a buffer zone along the
Egyptian border was cancelled, while the same day the army massively invaded Rafah and continued its large-scale destruction. On 19 May 2004, the United Nations Security Council
898:"The three-member High Court panel said that the IDF was entitled to carry out such demolitions along the Philadelphi route for security reasons, "according to operational needs" or if the military determined that soldiers' lives were in danger."
73:. Only passage of persons takes place through the Rafah Border Crossing; as such, the Egypt–Gaza border is only open to the passage of people, not of goods. All cargo traffic must go through Israel, usually through the Israeli-controlled
150:, which began in 2000, Israel widened the buffer zone to 200–300 meters and built a barrier wall mostly of corrugated sheet metal, with stretches of concrete topped with barbed wire. The construction of the buffer zone required the
490:
underground. The wall was built about 80–90 meters from the border, which doubled the width of the patrol corridor. After the metal wall was completed in early 2003, demolitions continued and even increased dramatically.
618:, 20 meters wide by 10 meters deep. It is located two kilometres from the border with Gaza outside of Rafah City and is part of the enlarged buffer zone. Expansion of the trench along with watchtowers was planned.
947:"Uprooting Palestinian Trees And Leveling Agricultural Land – The tenth Report on Israeli Land Sweeping and Demolition of Palestinian Buildings and Facilities in the Gaza Strip 1 April 2003 – 30 April 2004"
629:, between July 2013 and August 2015, Egyptian authorities demolished at least 3,255 residential, commercial, administrative, and community buildings along the border, forcibly evicting thousands of people.
244:
514:
On 16 May, the High Court ruled that the IDF may destroy homes according to their needs; the IDF had pledged that it would refrain from unnecessarily demolishing houses. The next day, Israel started
1037:
1274:
101:. From 1948, Gaza was occupied by an independent Egypt. Consequently, the border between the Gaza Strip and Egypt proper was a mere administrative boundary without border control. In the 1967
1236:
143:
was a 100-meter-wide strip of land along the Gaza–Egypt border. Until 2000, the actual buffer zone was 20–40 meters wide with a 2.5 to 3 metres high concrete wall topped with barbed wire.
1129:
1416:
506:, 12 Palestinians were killed and 52 injured. Israeli forces began demolishing houses in the Qishta neighbourhood and destroyed scores of houses. Around midnight the same day, the
1372:
1255:
151:
543:
the border in a 60–100 meter (about 200–300 feet) wide security strip, equipped with electronic sensors and underground concrete barriers to prevent tunnelling.
929:
128:. When Israel withdrew from the Sinai in 1982, Rafah was divided into Egyptian and Palestinian parts, splitting up families, separated by barbed-wire barriers.
1433:
Office of the United
Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO) Report to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (AHLC), 15 September 2023
1199:
1145:
667:
1045:
907:
1271:
1233:
1066:
1078:
1395:
523:
116:
that returned the Sinai, which borders the Gaza Strip, to
Egyptian control. As part of that treaty, a 100-meter-wide strip of land, known as the
717:
1399:
1126:
1090:
798:
401:
349:
1105:
1024:
97:, Mandatory Palestine was also under British control, the Egypt–Palestine boundary was maintained to control the movement of the local
69:
is the only crossing point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip. It is located on the international border that was confirmed in the 1979
315:
840:
1304:
1252:
1188:
270:
889:
476:
440:
1222:
17:
1290:
1451:
1158:
873:
600:
1432:
773:
345:
1329:
802:
926:
659:
Rafah
Crossing was designed primarily for pedestrians, but used during the 2023 war as the main entry for aid trucks.
124:
between the Gaza Strip and Egypt. In the peace treaty, the re-created Gaza–Egypt border was drawn across the city of
331:
1411:
320:
805:
499:
meters of its positions, or about 400 meters from the border. The plan elicited strong international criticism.
1461:
982:
946:
507:
113:
70:
1000:
718:
https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20151120-egyptian-army-contaminates-palestinian-soil-on-gaza-border-2/amp/
511:
soldiers, or a hindrance to a military operation", raising the number of destroyed houses to just over 100.
693:
591:
368:
218:
181:
74:
1305:"Egypt is building a new walled buffer zone more than 2 miles wide on Gaza border, satellite images show"
745:
Pages 3, 9, 18. Nurit Kliot, Boundary and Territory Briefing, volume 1, number 8 (free full-text PDF). A
469:
502:
On 14 May, a large IDF force entered the "Brazil block" of Rafah and in heavy fighting, as reported by
452:
165:
90:
1456:
93:
between Ottoman-ruled Palestine and British-ruled Egypt, running from Taba to Rafah. Although after
515:
275:
1177:
821:
688:
578:
428:
202:
78:
1373:"Israel to open Kerem Shalom Crossing for Gaza aid inspections for first time since war started"
683:
557:
462:
1102:
654:
584:
310:
256:
197:
66:
970:
632:
In 2024, Egyptians announced that they are building a buffer zone at the Egypt–Gaza border.
735:"The Evolution of the Egypt-Israel Boundary: From Colonial Foundations to Peaceful Borders"
734:
698:
615:
416:
62:. There is a buffer zone along the border which is about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) long.
8:
1377:
1163:
396:
378:
1146:"Egyptian military doubling buffer zone with Gaza, demolishing nearly 1,220 more homes"
626:
340:
740:
556:
In December 2009, Egypt, with help from the United States, started the building of an
353:
232:
137:
117:
1354:
861:
1210:
1278:
1259:
1240:
1133:
1109:
956:
933:
746:
599:
expected to cost $ 70 million. In February 2015, in response to the buffer zone,
325:
147:
106:
809:
574:
563:
290:
213:
1330:"Egypt clearing land, building wall near Gaza border, satellite imagery shows"
1445:
608:
587:
207:
373:
176:
109:
and the Gaza Strip from Egypt, and again there was nominal border control.
880:, Box 3 — Destruction in Rafah: Shifting Justifications. HRW, October 2004
524:
condemned the killing of Palestinian civilians and the demolition of homes
140:
121:
102:
94:
569:
which also puts more pressure on the Palestinian militant Hamas group."
294:
59:
1200:
Sinai terrorists linked with ISIS decapitate 10 alleged Israeli spies
1001:"Egypt building underground metal wall to curb smuggling into Gaza"
760:
671:
89:
On 1 October 1906, the Ottoman and British governments agreed on a
1417:
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
1091:"Egypt to expand buffer zone with Gaza after longer tunnels found"
34:
761:"Gaza: The Basics. Some history and background on the Gaza Strip"
640:
98:
1178:
http://www.israelhayom.com/site/newsletter_article.php?id=22881
604:
51:
1227:
841:"High Court to renew debate on IDF house demolitions in Rafah"
1025:
Egypt begins Gaza border evacuation to create security buffer
890:"Court rejects petition to prevent further Rafah demolitions"
503:
125:
55:
1272:"Egyptian army contaminates Palestinian soil on Gaza border"
1211:"Egypt builds trench along Gaza border to prevent smuggling"
614:
In June 2015, Egypt completed its digging of a ditch at the
564:
2013–2015 Egyptian demolition of homes and smuggling tunnels
1159:"Egypt begins doubling Sinai buffer zone along Gaza border"
539:
1396:
New Gaza Crossing Raises Questions About Blockade Policies
1281:. Motasem A Dalloul, Middle East Monitor, 20 November 2015
1189:
First phase of Egypt-Gaza buffer zone to cost $ 70 million
1079:"Egypt clears Gaza border area to create security buffer"
1234:
Palestinian factions condemn Egypt flooding Gaza borders
799:"Razing Rafah — Mass Home Demolitions in the Gaza Strip"
1122:
1120:
1103:
Abbas: Egypt Right to Create Buffer Zone on Gaza Border
1412:
Movement in and out of Gaza: update covering July 2023
1127:
Sisi says Gaza tunnels flooded in coordination with PA
154:
at the main entrance to Rafah's central thoroughfare.
1117:
749:
of the paper is also available through Google Books.
493:
1038:"Egypt to double Gaza buffer, demolish 1,220 homes"
966:
964:
560:along the Gaza border, consisting of a steel wall.
1420:(OCHA), 15 August 2023. Accessed 17 December 2023.
1112:. Jack Khoury, Haaretz, 1 December 2014 (premium).
603:beheaded 10 men whom they believed were spies for
883:
1443:
961:
867:
1253:"Landslides in Gaza after Egypt floods border"
857:
855:
853:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
136:Under the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty, the
1400:The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
1223:Egypt reportedly completes Rafah border ditch
1096:
927:"Demolitions in Gaza to end: Israel tells US"
878:Map 5 : IDF Operations in Rafah May 2004
470:
1402:, 23 October 2019. Accessed 7 December 2023.
1148:. Associated Press, Fox News, 8 January 2015
836:
834:
801:, pp. 27-28 and 52-66 (PDF text version) on
730:
728:
726:
590:agreed with the operation, arguing that the
1435:(PDF), pp. 9–10. Accessed 17 December 2023.
1067:"Egypt to clear residents from Gaza border"
850:
815:
783:
551:
1359:, Map 2: Rafah Features. HRW, October 2004
477:
463:
939:
831:
723:
595:the tunnels, by demolishing those homes.
50:, is the 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) long
1428:
1426:
1367:
1365:
1348:
1243:. Middle East Monitor, 21 September 2015
1136:. Middle East Monitor, 28 September 2015
812:. Human Rights Watch (HRW), October 2004
639:
131:
33:
983:"Israel changes anti-smuggling tactics"
546:
14:
1444:
1302:
1262:. Middle East Monitor, 4 November 2015
922:
920:
822:"We Are No Longer Able to See the Sun"
157:
114:Israel and Egypt signed a peace treaty
1423:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1362:
780:, Issue No. 761, 22–28 September 2005
152:demolition of entire blocks of houses
1405:
1303:Murphy, Paul P. (16 February 2024).
1293:. Human Rights Watch, September 2015
1018:
998:
758:
752:
662:
917:
635:
24:
1384:
914:, 16 May 2004. On web.archive.org/
908:"Rafah residents flee their homes"
896:, 16 May 2004. On web.archive.org/
25:
1473:
1213:. Ma'an News Agency, 22 June 2015
648:
533:
494:2004 expansion, Operation Rainbow
971:"Army building new Gaza barrier"
862:"Supplementary Appeal for Rafah"
739:
1371:Jacob Magid (7 December 2023).
1322:
1296:
1284:
1265:
1246:
1216:
1204:
1193:
1182:
1171:
1151:
1139:
1084:
1072:
1060:
1030:
992:
976:
901:
767:
759:Shen, Nina (25 January 2008).
711:
13:
1:
1069:. Al Jazeera, 29 October 2014
704:
508:Israeli High Court of Justice
84:
1381:. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
1093:- Retrieved 17 November 2014
694:Kerem Shalom border crossing
75:Kerem Shalom border crossing
7:
1291:"Look for Another Homeland"
1027:- Retrieved 29 October 2014
677:
369:Viva Palestina "Lifeline 5"
10:
1478:
1081:. Reuters, 29 October 2014
652:
644:Salah al-Din Gate in Rafah
453:2024 Gaza freedom flotilla
810:"The report on refworld:"
71:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
1258:24 November 2015 at the
552:2009 Egyptian steel wall
441:Israeli "total blockade"
271:Egypt–Gaza border breach
1452:Egypt–Gaza Strip border
932:12 October 2013 at the
579:Prime Minister of Egypt
177:Goods allowed or banned
120:, was established as a
105:, Israel conquered the
1108:20 August 2015 at the
955:2 October 2013 at the
645:
538:An army plan to dig a
44:Egypt–Palestine border
39:
1462:International borders
774:"Cinderella in Rafah"
655:Rafah Border Crossing
643:
585:Palestinian President
132:Buffer zone by Israel
67:Rafah Border Crossing
37:
1277:7 April 2016 at the
1239:4 March 2016 at the
1132:4 March 2016 at the
985:. Associated Press.
699:Philadelphi Corridor
616:Rafah Crossing Point
547:Buffer zone by Egypt
429:Women's Boat to Gaza
417:Freedom Flotilla III
29:International border
1378:The Times of Israel
1164:The Times of Israel
973:. Ynet, 14 May 2005
720:Middle East Monitor
689:Israel–Gaza barrier
397:Freedom Flotilla II
379:Jewish Boat to Gaza
158:2001–2003 expansion
79:Gaza–Israel barrier
1398:, Neri Zilber for
1336:. 15 February 2024
936:. AFP, 20 May 2004
684:Egypt–Gaza barrier
646:
627:Human Rights Watch
558:Egypt–Gaza barrier
257:Fatah–Hamas battle
245:Economic sanctions
233:Philadelphi Accord
40:
864:. UNWRA, May 2004
668:Salah al-Din Gate
663:Salah al-Din Gate
592:smuggling tunnels
516:Operation Rainbow
487:
486:
354:Turkel Commission
350:legal assessments
182:Smuggling tunnels
138:Philadelphi Route
118:Philadelphi Route
48:Egypt–Gaza border
18:Gaza–Egypt border
16:(Redirected from
1469:
1457:Borders of Egypt
1436:
1430:
1421:
1409:
1403:
1393:
1382:
1369:
1360:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1269:
1263:
1250:
1244:
1231:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1124:
1115:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1048:on 1 August 2021
1044:. Archived from
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
999:McCarthy, Rory.
996:
990:
980:
974:
968:
959:
943:
937:
924:
915:
905:
899:
887:
881:
871:
865:
859:
848:
838:
829:
824:. Andrew Rubin,
819:
813:
796:
781:
771:
765:
764:
756:
750:
744:
743:
732:
721:
715:
636:Border crossings
573:announcement of
479:
472:
465:
405:
365:
357:
337:
311:Freedom Flotilla
298:
162:
161:
21:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1424:
1410:
1406:
1394:
1385:
1370:
1363:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1334:Washington Post
1328:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1311:
1301:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1279:Wayback Machine
1270:
1266:
1260:Wayback Machine
1251:
1247:
1241:Wayback Machine
1232:
1228:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1172:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1134:Wayback Machine
1125:
1118:
1113:
1110:Wayback Machine
1101:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1049:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1009:
1007:
997:
993:
981:
977:
969:
962:
957:Wayback Machine
944:
940:
934:Wayback Machine
925:
918:
906:
902:
897:
888:
884:
872:
868:
860:
851:
839:
832:
826:Al Ahram Weekly
820:
816:
797:
784:
772:
768:
757:
753:
747:partial preview
738:
733:
724:
716:
712:
707:
680:
665:
657:
651:
638:
566:
554:
549:
536:
496:
483:
406:
399:
383:
363:
343:
323:
289:
212:
167:
166:Blockade of the
160:
148:Second Intifada
134:
107:Sinai Peninsula
87:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1475:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1438:
1437:
1422:
1404:
1383:
1361:
1347:
1321:
1295:
1283:
1264:
1245:
1226:
1215:
1203:
1192:
1181:
1170:
1150:
1138:
1116:
1095:
1083:
1071:
1059:
1042:The Daily Star
1029:
1017:
991:
989:, 2 March 2005
975:
960:
938:
916:
900:
882:
874:"Razing Rafah"
866:
849:
830:
814:
782:
766:
751:
722:
709:
708:
706:
703:
702:
701:
696:
691:
686:
679:
676:
664:
661:
653:Main article:
650:
649:Rafah Crossing
647:
637:
634:
575:Ibrahim Mahlab
565:
562:
553:
550:
548:
545:
535:
534:2005 expansion
532:
495:
492:
485:
484:
482:
481:
474:
467:
459:
456:
455:
449:
448:
444:
443:
437:
436:
432:
431:
425:
424:
420:
419:
413:
412:
408:
407:
395:
392:
391:
387:
386:
385:
384:
382:
381:
376:
371:
362:
360:
359:
358:
338:
318:
305:
304:
300:
299:
291:Viva Palestina
286:
285:
281:
280:
279:
278:
273:
265:
264:
260:
259:
253:
252:
248:
247:
241:
240:
236:
235:
229:
228:
224:
223:
222:
221:
216:
210:
205:
200:
192:
191:
187:
186:
185:
184:
179:
171:
170:
159:
156:
133:
130:
86:
83:
46:, also called
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1474:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1219:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1174:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1147:
1142:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1092:
1087:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1026:
1021:
1006:
1002:
995:
988:
984:
979:
972:
967:
965:
958:
954:
951:
948:
942:
935:
931:
928:
923:
921:
913:
909:
904:
895:
891:
886:
879:
875:
870:
863:
858:
856:
854:
847:, 14 May 2004
846:
842:
837:
835:
828:, 7 July 2007
827:
823:
818:
811:
807:
803:
800:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
779:
775:
770:
762:
755:
748:
742:
736:
731:
729:
727:
719:
714:
710:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
681:
675:
673:
669:
660:
656:
642:
633:
630:
628:
625:According to
623:
619:
617:
612:
610:
609:Egyptian Army
606:
602:
596:
593:
589:
588:Mahmoud Abbas
586:
582:
580:
576:
570:
561:
559:
544:
541:
531:
527:
525:
519:
517:
512:
509:
505:
500:
491:
480:
475:
473:
468:
466:
461:
460:
458:
457:
454:
451:
450:
446:
445:
442:
439:
438:
434:
433:
430:
427:
426:
422:
421:
418:
415:
414:
410:
409:
403:
398:
394:
393:
389:
388:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
364:Other convoys
361:
355:
351:
347:
342:
339:
335:
334:
333:Rachel Corrie
329:
328:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
312:
309:
308:
307:
306:
302:
301:
296:
292:
288:
287:
283:
282:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
267:
266:
262:
261:
258:
255:
254:
250:
249:
246:
243:
242:
238:
237:
234:
231:
230:
226:
225:
220:
217:
215:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
194:
193:
189:
188:
183:
180:
178:
175:
174:
173:
172:
169:
164:
163:
155:
153:
149:
144:
142:
139:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
36:
32:
27:
19:
1415:
1407:
1376:
1356:Razing Rafah
1355:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1333:
1324:
1312:. Retrieved
1308:
1298:
1286:
1267:
1248:
1229:
1218:
1206:
1195:
1184:
1173:
1162:
1153:
1141:
1098:
1086:
1074:
1062:
1050:. Retrieved
1046:the original
1041:
1032:
1020:
1008:. Retrieved
1005:The Guardian
1004:
994:
986:
978:
941:
911:
903:
893:
885:
877:
869:
844:
825:
817:
777:
769:
763:. Slate.com.
754:
713:
666:
658:
631:
624:
620:
613:
597:
583:
571:
567:
555:
537:
528:
520:
513:
501:
497:
488:
402:participants
374:Road to Hope
332:
327:Mavi Marmara
326:
316:Participants
219:Kerem Shalom
145:
135:
111:
88:
64:
47:
43:
41:
31:
26:
203:Gaza–Israel
146:During the
141:buffer zone
122:buffer zone
103:Six-Day War
95:World War I
1446:Categories
1010:1 December
705:References
295:Lifeline 3
168:Gaza Strip
85:Background
60:Gaza Strip
38:Gaza Strip
1052:9 January
987:USA Today
346:reactions
190:Crossings
112:In 1979,
1275:Archived
1256:Archived
1237:Archived
1130:Archived
1106:Archived
953:Archived
930:Archived
806:Summary:
778:Al-Ahram
678:See also
672:dual use
607:and the
276:Gaza War
91:boundary
58:and the
54:between
1340:7 March
1314:7 March
894:Haaretz
876:, par.
845:Haaretz
99:Bedouin
77:on the
945:PCHR,
912:Maariv
605:Mossad
577:, the
52:border
504:unrwa
321:Ships
214:Karni
198:Rafah
126:Rafah
56:Egypt
1342:2024
1316:2024
1054:2015
1012:2023
601:ISIS
540:moat
447:2024
435:2023
423:2016
411:2015
390:2011
341:Raid
303:2010
284:2009
263:2008
251:2007
239:2006
227:2004
208:Erez
65:The
42:The
1309:CNN
949:On
1448::
1425:^
1414:,
1386:^
1364:^
1332:.
1307:.
1161:.
1119:^
1040:.
1003:.
963:^
919:^
910:.
892:.
852:^
843:.
833:^
808:.
804:,
785:^
776:.
737:.
725:^
611:.
526:.
518:.
352:,
348:,
330:,
81:.
1375:.
1344:.
1318:.
1167:.
1056:.
1014:.
478:e
471:t
464:v
404:)
400:(
356:)
344:(
336:)
324:(
297:"
293:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
