531:) is the most prominent animal exploited by Eastern Himalayan groups ... The mithun is a semi-domesticate, managed in fenced tracts of forests rather than being kept in or near villages. Outside North East India, mithun are primarily imported for the purpose of cross- breeding with other bovids, for example in Bhutan. It is very common among Eastern Himalayan languages to find lexical sets denoting fauna in which the mithun is lexicalized as a “prototypical” meat animal, with all other terms being derived ... Terms for ‘mithun’ in other languages of Arunachal Pradesh are typically cognate with Aka fu (e.g. Miji ʃu, Koro sù, Puroik ʧa and Proto-Tani *ɕo), suggesting that this is probably not a case of semantic shift from a wild species. The implication is that the semi-wild mithun was seen as the core species, and the true domesticates such as cattle, which arrived subsequently, as marginal to the system.
74:
453:
38:
1182:
627:
541:
1168:
611:
722:. It is the most essential and valuable commodity; the wealth of a person is often counted by the number of gayals. It is the sole animal used for sacrificial purposes and feast of merit. The tribes regard a human to be honourable if and when he holds a community feast of one or more gayal on one or more occasions.
695:
incl pasi, padam, minyong, Galong now Galo), the possession of gayal is the traditional measure of a family's wealth. Gayal are not milked or put to work but given supplementary care while grazing in the woods, until they are ritually slaughtered or killed for local consumption. Mithuns are wild and
601:
In
Nagaland, the animals are kept semi-wild, and live in herds, being watched over by special caretakers assigned by the villages or the owner of the herd. They respond to a horn kept specially for the individual caretaker or actual owner to call them. From birth until the time of butchering or
389:
The thick and massive horns are less flattened and much less curved than in the gaur, extending almost directly outwards from the sides of the head, and curving somewhat upwards at the tips, but without any inward inclination. Their extremities are thus much farther apart than in the
710:
Gayals are left in the forest, where they usually stay within a small perimeter. Females are usually aggressive when with calves, and there are instances known when people have been severely injured after being gored by one. Males are usually more docile.
898:
Guolong, M.; Hong, C.; Shiping, L.; Hongyu, C.; Dejun, J.; Rongqing, G.; Chunfang, C.; Yonghong, L. (2007). "Phylogenetic
Relationships and Status Quo of Colonies for Gayal Based on Analysis of Cytochrome b Gene Partial Sequences".
437:
In 2020, Ranganathan
Kamalakkannan et Al. found "phylogenetic analysis using complete mitochondrial genome sequences unambiguously suggested that gaur is the maternal ancestor of domestic mithun."
707:. Gayals play an important role in the social life of the people in Arunachal Pradesh. Marriages are not fixed until the bridegroom's family gives at least one gayal to the bride's household.
1139:
Blench, R. and M. W. Post (2013). "Rethinking Sino-Tibetan phylogeny from the perspective of North East Indian languages: Blench, R. and M. W. Post". In Owen-Smith, T.; Hill, N. (eds.).
318:
based on a wild population that the name for this wild species is valid by virtue of its being antedated by a name based on a domestic form. Most authors have adopted the binomial
527:
Although livestock is highly characteristic of the high
Himalayan way of life in general, with yaks and sheep being predominant species until recently, the mithun, or gayal (
757:
is functioning for developing the scientific and sustainable mithun rearing system and for catering the needs of mithun farmers with the following mandates:
311:
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5794:
5768:
5729:
5755:
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396:
The skin colour of the head and body is blackish-brown in both sexes, and the lower portion of the limbs are white or yellowish.
1216:
850:
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1148:
5760:
5891:
754:
731:
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Zhang, Y.-P.; Wu, D.-D.; Dong, Y.; Wang, W.; Yang, M.-M.; Yan, S.-Q.; Qu, K.-X.; Wang, S.; Xiong, Z.-J. (2017).
5886:
652:
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501:
382:
The head is shorter and broader, with a perfectly flat forehead and a straight line between the bases of the
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2357:
464:
Gayals are essentially inhabitants of hill-forests. In India, semi-domesticated gayals are kept by several
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943:. Printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London. Pages 179–181.
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2339:
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641:
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315:
20:
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1999:
970:"The complete mitochondrial genome of Indian gaur, Bos gaurus and its phylogenetic implications"
73:
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1825:
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The role of the mithun is central to the lives of many residents of these areas, including
393:
The female gayal is much smaller than the bull, and has scarcely any dewlap on the throat.
8:
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5197:
4945:
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4383:
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4212:
1891:
1798:
1389:
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It is somewhat smaller, with proportionately shorter limbs, and stands much lower at the
51:
1141:
Trans-Himalayan
Linguistics Historical and Descriptive Linguistics of the Himalayan Area
985:
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market, the Mithun remain in the herd, and roam mostly freely throughout the forests.
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1444:
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403:
Some domesticated gayals are parti-coloured, while others are completely white.
5548:
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3309:
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2779:
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1291:
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993:
719:
383:
337:
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877:
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5041:
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3736:
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2439:
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1975:
1924:
1834:
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329:
1046:
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The mandate of the institute was redefined in 1997 and 2006. Currently, the
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4912:
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4019:
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3465:
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3138:
3129:
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2640:
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2014:
1906:
1873:
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1125:
1072:
1011:
920:
615:
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497:
838:(Second ed.). London: British Museum of Natural History. p. 380.
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125:
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2488:
2405:
2396:
2171:
2162:
2041:
1966:
1507:
1328:
735:
688:
332:
corroborates the taxonomic assessment that the gayal is an independent
304:
269:
37:
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5416:
5269:
5140:
5131:
4605:
4179:
4170:
4155:
4146:
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3582:
3366:
3300:
3186:
2701:
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2186:
2110:
1990:
1541:
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1416:
1310:
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762:
520:
85:
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540:
452:
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2195:
2083:
1957:
1707:
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1279:
1257:
1245:
1181:
743:
704:
489:
105:
851:"The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives"
771:
Act as a repository of germplasm and information centre on mithun.
421:
descendant from crossing of wild gaur and domestic cattle, either
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5444:
5305:
5164:
4554:
4341:
4332:
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4131:
4122:
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1717:
1667:
1362:
955:
Cattle
Production in the Tropics: General introduction and breeds
715:
485:
473:
469:
375:
The ridge on the back is less developed, and bulls have a larger
369:
273:
145:
135:
1025:
Uzzaman, M. R.; Bhuiyan, M. S. A.; Edea, Z.; Kim, K.-S. (2014).
5721:
5453:
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3708:
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2719:
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2065:
1915:
1251:
1239:
1167:
1031:) Needs Effective Genetic Conservation in Bangladesh: A Review"
696:
each family has a very indigenous marking as a cut on the ear.
441:
429:
376:
349:
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115:
95:
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5435:
5010:
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4671:
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3162:
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2655:
2147:
2138:
1347:
1338:
1027:"Semi-domesticated and Irreplaceable Genetic Resource Gayal (
692:
477:
323:
281:
718:, it is called Sial, Siel, Se/Sia amongst the tribes of the
360:
The gayal differs in several important particulars from the
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3953:
3841:
3823:
3480:
3333:
2737:
2604:
2420:
1694:
1655:
423:
411:
406:
There are two major hypotheses on the origin of the gayal:
361:
345:
341:
4091:
761:
Identification, evaluation and characterization of mithun
5233:
3832:
3778:
2710:
2092:
1138:
848:
768:
Conservation and improvement of mithun for meat and milk.
610:
261:
155:
897:
835:
Checklist of
Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946
399:
The horns are of uniform blackish tint from base to tip.
3083:
3626:
831:
500:, and in adjacent Yunnan are found only in the Trung (
1024:
849:
Gentry, A.; Clutton-Brock, J.; Groves, C. P. (2004).
725:
312:
International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
953:Payne, W. J. A. (1970). "Breeds and Breeding VI".
832:Ellerman, J. R.; Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1966).
5853:
790:"World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity"
1224:
1085:
932:
930:
797:World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity
1210:
1035:Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
967:
810:
808:
806:
45:A gayal bull in Bandarban, Bangladesh, 2007
968:Kamalakkannan, Ranganathan (20 July 2020).
927:
655:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
569:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
447:
1299:
1217:
1203:
803:
322:for the domestic species as valid for the
36:
5534:
3006:
1115:
1062:
1001:
675:Learn how and when to remove this message
589:Learn how and when to remove this message
5415:
2805:
946:
609:
451:
1706:
1277:
1143:. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 71–104.
748:Indian Council of Agricultural Research
496:. In northern Burma, they occur in the
5854:
1424:
787:
5642:
5641:
5533:
5402:
5401:
5007:
4090:
3625:
3082:
2544:
1690:
1276:
1198:
952:
519:ones who pair mithun management with
303:to a domestic specimen probably from
2842:
687:To the Idu Mishmi, Nyishi people or
653:adding citations to reliable sources
620:
567:adding citations to reliable sources
534:
444:of the gayal was published in 2017.
1691:
13:
5008:
2545:
755:National Research Centre on Mithun
732:National Research Centre on Mithun
726:National Research Centre on Mithun
355:
292:In his first description of 1804,
14:
5913:
1160:
858:Journal of Archaeological Science
820:Evolution of Domesticated Animals
699:The gayal is the state animal of
1180:
1166:
901:Journal of Genetics and Genomics
625:
539:
72:
1569:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
1132:
1079:
822:. Longman, London. Pages 34–38.
2358:Central American red brocket (
1018:
961:
891:
842:
825:
781:
505:
410:It was domesticated from wild
1:
913:10.1016/S1673-8527(07)60045-9
775:
605:
5897:Symbols of Arunachal Pradesh
3065:Large subfamily listed below
3053:Large subfamily listed below
3041:Large subfamily listed below
1088:"Draft genome of the gayal,
957:. London: Longman Group Ltd.
7:
1560:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
1551:Indian spotted chevrotain (
287:
10:
5918:
1108:10.1093/gigascience/gix094
994:10.1038/s41598-020-68724-6
936:Lydekker, R. (1888–1890).
314:fixed the first available
18:
16:Species of domestic cattle
5892:Mammals described in 1804
5650:
5608:
5580:
5556:
5547:
5543:
5529:
5496:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
5487:Domestic Bactrian camel (
5475:
5424:
5411:
5397:
5361:
5337:
5313:
5304:
5186:
5153:
5129:
5096:
5072:
5051:North Sulawesi babirusa (
5030:
5021:
5017:
5003:
4967:
4925:
4748:
4739:
4693:
4669:
4645:
4603:
4552:
4528:
4519:
4491:
4467:
4460:
4414:
4354:
4330:
4243:
4192:
4168:
4144:
4120:
4111:
4107:
4086:
4041:
3942:
3933:
3905:
3881:
3776:
3716:
3707:
3679:
3655:
3646:
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3621:
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3556:
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3430:
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3331:
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3175:
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3127:
3103:
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2681:
2653:
2602:
2569:
2560:
2556:
2540:
2486:
2452:
2418:
2394:
2370:
2340:Amazonian brown brocket (
2274:
2241:
2217:
2184:
2160:
2136:
2127:
2063:
2012:
1988:
1955:
1904:
1871:
1847:
1715:
1702:
1686:
1673:Large family listed below
1666:
1661:Large family listed below
1654:
1638:Williamson's mouse-deer (
1581:
1539:
1515:
1506:
1415:
1360:
1336:
1327:
1290:
1286:
1272:
1234:
878:10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006
818:. In: Mason, I. L. (ed.)
765:available in the country.
614:An albino akin mithun in
492:. They also occur in the
209:
202:
184:
177:
69:Scientific classification
67:
58:
49:
44:
35:
30:
3737:Domestic water buffalo (
2102:Central Asian red deer (
1727:Bornean yellow muntjac (
448:Distribution and habitat
19:Not to be confused with
4615:Bates' pygmy antelope (
4402:Soemmerring's gazelle (
2507:Yucatan brown brocket (
1736:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
1620:Philippine mouse-deer (
1047:10.5713/ajas.2014.14159
939:The new natural history
814:Simoons, F. J. (1984).
468:living in the hills of
5325:White-lipped peccary (
5261:Philippine warty pig (
4886:Yellow-backed duiker (
4850:Black-fronted duiker (
4823:White-bellied duiker (
4444:Przewalski's gazelle (
3667:Four-horned antelope (
2465:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
2024:Visayan spotted deer (
1883:European fallow deer (
1826:Northern red muntjac (
1772:Southern red muntjac (
788:Scherf, Beate (2000).
618:
533:
494:Chittagong Hill Tracts
461:
456:A gayal cow and calf,
260:, is a large domestic
231:Bibos gaurus frontalis
5887:Mammals of Bangladesh
5821:Paleobiology Database
5505:Wild Bactrian camel (
5207:Bornean bearded pig (
5198:Palawan bearded pig (
4787:White-legged duiker (
4213:Red-fronted gazelle (
1892:Persian fallow deer (
1808:Roosevelt's muntjac (
1481:Himalayan musk deer (
1390:Reticulated giraffe (
740:Chümoukedima District
613:
525:
455:
330:Phylogenetic analysis
294:Aylmer Bourke Lambert
252:), also known as the
5862:Domesticated animals
5592:Pygmy hippopotamus (
5252:Oliver's warty pig (
4877:Red-flanked duiker (
4282:Erlanger's gazelle (
4002:Harnessed bushbuck (
3728:Wild water buffalo (
3205:East Caucasian tur (
3196:West Caucasian tur (
2349:Little red brocket (
1817:Truong Son muntjac (
1629:Vietnam mouse-deer (
1611:Greater mouse-deer (
1490:Siberian musk deer (
1177:at Wikimedia Commons
649:improve this section
563:improve this section
336:species originating
226:Bos gaurus frontalis
5902:Symbols of Nagaland
5225:Celebes warty pig (
5216:Visayan warty pig (
4832:Red forest duiker (
4564:Günther's dik-dik (
4426:Mongolian gazelle (
4231:Heuglin's gazelle (
4222:Thomson's gazelle (
3376:Long-tailed goral (
2771:Mountain reedbuck (
2762:Southern reedbuck (
2614:East African oryx (
2516:White-tailed deer (
2295:Small red brocket (
2262:South Andean deer (
2205:Siberian roe deer (
2196:European roe deer (
2033:Philippine sambar (
2000:Père David's deer (
1602:Lesser mouse-deer (
1463:Kashmir musk deer (
986:2020NatSR..1011936K
870:2004JArSc..31..645G
734:was established at
52:Conservation status
5882:Mammals of Myanmar
5373:Collared peccary (
5243:Flores warty pig (
5084:Giant forest hog (
4946:Maxwell's duiker (
4868:Ruwenzori duiker (
4814:Jentink's duiker (
4723:Sharpe's grysbok (
4479:Tibetan antelope (
4384:Bright's gazelle (
4318:Goitered gazelle (
4291:Mountain gazelle (
4264:Cuvier's gazelle (
4204:Mongalla gazelle (
3592:Pyrenean chamois (
3018:Tibetan antelope (
2972:Black wildebeest (
1799:Reeves's muntjac (
1763:Sumatran muntjac (
1754:Gongshan muntjac (
1527:Water chevrotain (
1454:Alpine musk deer (
1381:Southern giraffe (
1372:Northern giraffe (
619:
462:
222:Subspecies Level:
5849:
5848:
5808:Open Tree of Life
5644:Taxon identifiers
5635:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5604:
5603:
5525:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5393:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5349:Chacoan peccary (
5300:
5299:
5288:Javan warty pig (
5279:Timor warty pig (
5086:H. meinertzhageni
5060:Togian babirusa (
4999:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4955:Walter's duiker (
4895:Abbott's duiker (
4859:Ogilby's duiker (
4805:Harvey's duiker (
4769:Brooke's duiker (
4735:
4734:
4515:
4514:
4456:
4455:
4393:Peter's gazelle (
4375:Grant's gazelle (
4309:Speke's gazelle (
4082:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4073:
3959:
3929:
3928:
3917:African buffalo (
3748:B. depressicornis
3703:
3702:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3385:Himalayan goral (
3207:C. cylindricornis
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3030:
3029:
2993:
2992:
2981:Blue wildebeest (
2915:Common tsessebe (
2866:
2865:
2829:
2828:
2792:
2791:
2704:K. ellipsiprymnus
2677:
2676:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2476:P. mephistophiles
2432:P. mephistophiles
2123:
2122:
1819:M. truongsonensis
1781:Pu Hoat muntjac (
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1650:
1649:
1593:Java mouse-deer (
1502:
1501:
1472:Black musk deer (
1445:Dwarf musk deer (
1436:Anhui musk deer (
1411:
1410:
1374:G. camelopardalis
1323:
1322:
1171:Media related to
1150:978-3-11-031083-2
701:Arunachal Pradesh
685:
684:
677:
599:
598:
591:
482:Arunachal Pradesh
458:Arunachal Pradesh
240:
239:
170:B. frontalis
62:
5909:
5877:Mammals of India
5872:Mammals of China
5842:
5841:
5829:
5828:
5816:
5815:
5803:
5802:
5790:
5789:
5777:
5776:
5764:
5763:
5751:
5750:
5738:
5737:
5725:
5724:
5712:
5711:
5699:
5698:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5671:
5670:
5669:
5639:
5638:
5554:
5553:
5545:
5544:
5531:
5530:
5422:
5421:
5413:
5412:
5399:
5398:
5311:
5310:
5117:Common warthog (
5108:Desert warthog (
5028:
5027:
5019:
5018:
5005:
5004:
4904:Weyns's duiker (
4778:Peters' duiker (
4760:Aders's duiker (
4746:
4745:
4633:Royal antelope (
4591:Salt's dik-dik (
4582:Silver dik-dik (
4573:Kirk's dik-dik (
4526:
4525:
4503:Saiga antelope (
4465:
4464:
4404:N. soemmerringii
4273:Dorcas gazelle (
4118:
4117:
4109:
4108:
4102:
4088:
4087:
3975:Mountain nyala (
3958:
3957:
3949:
3940:
3939:
3895:P. nghetinhensis
3797:European bison (
3788:American bison (
3714:
3713:
3653:
3652:
3644:
3643:
3637:
3623:
3622:
3499:Domestic sheep (
3343:Himalayan tahr (
3310:Mainland serow (
3292:Japanese serow (
3101:
3100:
3094:
3080:
3079:
3004:
3003:
2877:
2876:
2840:
2839:
2803:
2802:
2780:Bohor reedbuck (
2688:
2687:
2667:A. nasomaculatus
2590:Sable antelope (
2567:
2566:
2558:
2557:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2304:Merida brocket (
2134:
2133:
2075:Thorold's deer (
1927:A. calamianensis
1810:M. rooseveltorum
1756:M. gongshanensis
1713:
1712:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1513:
1512:
1422:
1421:
1401:G. tippelskirchi
1334:
1333:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1274:
1273:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1185:Data related to
1184:
1170:
1155:
1154:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1119:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1066:
1041:(9): 1368–1372.
1022:
1016:
1015:
1005:
980:(11936): 11936.
965:
959:
958:
950:
944:
934:
925:
924:
895:
889:
888:
886:
880:. Archived from
855:
846:
840:
839:
829:
823:
812:
801:
800:
794:
785:
680:
673:
669:
666:
660:
629:
621:
594:
587:
583:
580:
574:
543:
535:
507:
440:Analysis of the
190:
77:
76:
61:
40:
28:
27:
5917:
5916:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5907:
5906:
5852:
5851:
5850:
5845:
5837:
5832:
5824:
5819:
5811:
5806:
5798:
5793:
5785:
5780:
5772:
5767:
5759:
5754:
5746:
5741:
5733:
5728:
5720:
5715:
5707:
5702:
5694:
5689:
5680:
5679:
5674:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5646:
5636:
5623:
5600:
5576:
5539:
5513:
5471:
5407:
5381:
5357:
5333:
5296:
5263:S. philippensis
5200:S. ahoenobarbus
5182:
5174:Red river hog (
5149:
5125:
5092:
5068:
5042:Buru babirusa (
5013:
4987:
4979:Common duiker (
4963:
4921:
4731:
4689:
4665:
4641:
4599:
4548:
4511:
4487:
4452:
4437:P. picticaudata
4410:
4350:
4326:
4320:G. subgutturosa
4239:
4188:
4164:
4140:
4103:
4092:
4070:
4037:
4029:Cape bushbuck (
4022:T. strepsiceros
3951:
3950:
3948:
3925:
3901:
3877:
3772:
3764:Mountain anoa (
3699:
3693:B. tragocamelus
3675:
3669:T. quadricornis
3638:
3627:
3609:
3576:
3552:
3508:Bighorn sheep (
3474:
3450:
3426:
3418:Mountain goat (
3402:
3394:Chinese goral (
3351:
3327:
3312:C. sumatraensis
3276:
3259:Siberian ibex (
3223:Domestic goat (
3171:
3147:
3123:
3115:Barbary sheep (
3095:
3084:
3066:
3054:
3042:
3026:
2989:
2956:
2932:
2899:
2862:
2825:
2788:
2746:
2673:
2649:
2623:Scimitar oryx (
2598:
2581:Roan antelope (
2552:
2546:
2524:
2482:
2474:Northern pudu (
2448:
2440:Southern pudu (
2430:Northern pudu (
2414:
2390:
2366:
2331:Pygmy brocket (
2313:Dwarf brocket (
2270:
2237:
2213:
2180:
2156:
2119:
2059:
2008:
1984:
1951:
1925:Calamian deer (
1900:
1894:D. mesopotamica
1867:
1843:
1837:M. vuquangensis
1835:Giant muntjac (
1745:Fea's muntjac (
1698:
1692:
1674:
1662:
1646:
1577:
1535:
1498:
1456:M. chrysogaster
1407:
1399:Masai giraffe (
1356:
1319:
1282:
1268:
1230:
1223:
1163:
1158:
1151:
1137:
1133:
1084:
1080:
1023:
1019:
966:
962:
951:
947:
935:
928:
896:
892:
884:
853:
847:
843:
830:
826:
816:Gayal or mithan
813:
804:
792:
786:
782:
778:
728:
714:In Mizoram and
691:(Bangni-Booker
681:
670:
664:
661:
646:
630:
608:
595:
584:
578:
575:
560:
544:
450:
358:
356:Characteristics
290:
266:Northeast India
264:distributed in
216:Bibos frontalis
212:Species Level:
198:
192:
186:
173:
71:
63:
54:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5915:
5905:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5830:
5817:
5804:
5791:
5778:
5765:
5752:
5739:
5726:
5713:
5700:
5687:
5672:
5656:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5614:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5594:C. liberiensis
5588:
5586:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5574:
5568:Hippopotamus (
5564:
5562:
5551:
5549:Hippopotamidae
5541:
5540:
5527:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5502:
5498:C. dromedarius
5493:
5483:
5481:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5460:
5451:
5442:
5432:
5430:
5419:
5409:
5408:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5369:
5367:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5345:
5343:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5321:
5319:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5285:
5281:S. timoriensis
5276:
5267:
5258:
5249:
5240:
5234:Domestic pig (
5231:
5222:
5213:
5204:
5194:
5192:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5171:
5161:
5159:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5137:
5135:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5114:
5110:P. aethiopicus
5104:
5102:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5080:
5078:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5062:B. togeanensis
5057:
5048:
5038:
5036:
5025:
5015:
5014:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4975:
4973:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4952:
4943:
4933:
4931:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4913:Zebra duiker (
4910:
4901:
4892:
4888:C. silvicultor
4883:
4874:
4865:
4856:
4847:
4841:Black duiker (
4838:
4829:
4825:C. leucogaster
4820:
4811:
4802:
4793:
4784:
4775:
4766:
4756:
4754:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4720:
4714:Cape grysbok (
4711:
4701:
4699:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4657:Klipspringer (
4653:
4651:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4630:
4621:
4611:
4609:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4588:
4584:M. piacentinii
4579:
4570:
4560:
4558:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4536:
4534:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4499:
4497:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4475:
4473:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4446:P. przewalskii
4441:
4432:
4422:
4420:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4399:
4390:
4381:
4372:
4366:Dama gazelle (
4362:
4360:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4338:
4336:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4315:
4306:
4300:Rhim gazelle (
4297:
4288:
4279:
4270:
4261:
4251:
4249:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4228:
4219:
4210:
4200:
4198:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4176:
4174:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4158:A. marsupialis
4152:
4150:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4128:
4126:
4115:
4105:
4104:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4062:Common eland (
4059:
4049:
4047:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4026:
4020:Greater kudu (
4017:
4008:
3999:
3990:
3981:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3913:
3911:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3866:
3857:
3848:
3839:
3833:Domestic yak (
3830:
3821:
3812:
3803:
3794:
3784:
3782:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3761:
3757:B. mindorensis
3752:
3746:Lowland anoa (
3743:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3650:
3640:
3639:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3598:
3588:
3586:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3564:
3562:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3541:
3532:
3523:
3514:
3505:
3496:
3486:
3484:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3466:Nilgiri tahr (
3462:
3460:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3391:
3382:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3339:
3337:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3319:Taiwan serow (
3316:
3307:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3265:
3256:
3250:Iberian ibex (
3247:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3211:
3202:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3159:
3157:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3139:Arabian tahr (
3135:
3133:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3097:
3096:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2887:
2885:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2777:
2773:R. fulvorufula
2768:
2758:
2756:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2708:
2698:
2696:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2641:Arabian oryx (
2638:
2629:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2564:
2554:
2553:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:O. virginianus
2513:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2437:
2426:
2424:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2384:O. bezoarticus
2378:
2376:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2337:
2328:
2324:M. gouazoubira
2322:Gray brocket (
2319:
2310:
2301:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2225:
2223:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2077:C. albirostris
2071:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1861:E. cephalophus
1855:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1796:
1790:Leaf muntjac (
1787:
1783:M. puhoatensis
1778:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1710:
1700:
1699:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1640:T. williamsoni
1635:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1566:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1492:M. moschiferus
1487:
1483:M. leucogaster
1478:
1469:
1460:
1451:
1447:M. berezovskii
1442:
1432:
1430:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1294:
1292:Antilocapridae
1284:
1283:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1264:Laurasiatheria
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1191:at Wikispecies
1178:
1162:
1161:External links
1159:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1131:
1078:
1017:
960:
945:
926:
907:(5): 413–419.
890:
887:on 2011-04-08.
864:(5): 645–651.
841:
824:
802:
779:
777:
774:
773:
772:
769:
766:
727:
724:
720:Chin-Kuki-Mizo
683:
682:
633:
631:
624:
607:
604:
597:
596:
547:
545:
538:
449:
446:
435:
434:
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397:
394:
391:
387:
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379:on the throat.
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5779:
5775:
5770:
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5762:
5757:
5753:
5749:
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5740:
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5731:
5727:
5723:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5692:
5688:
5683:
5682:Bos frontalis
5677:
5673:
5668:
5662:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5652:Bos frontalis
5649:
5645:
5640:
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5542:
5538:
5532:
5528:
5510:
5508:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5489:C. bactrianus
5485:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5468:
5466:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5452:
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5328:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5303:
5293:
5291:
5290:S. verrucosus
5286:
5284:
5282:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5236:S. domesticus
5232:
5230:
5228:
5227:S. celebensis
5223:
5221:
5219:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5185:
5179:
5177:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5156:Potamochoerus
5152:
5146:
5144:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5122:
5120:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5089:
5087:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5065:
5063:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5053:B. celebensis
5049:
5047:
5045:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5006:
5002:
4984:
4982:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4960:
4958:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4937:Blue duiker (
4935:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4918:
4916:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4852:C. nigrifrons
4848:
4846:
4844:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4834:C. natalensis
4830:
4828:
4826:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4780:C. callipygus
4776:
4774:
4772:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4726:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4707:R. campestris
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4659:O. oreotragus
4655:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4638:
4636:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4622:
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4608:
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4602:
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4424:
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4419:
4418:
4413:
4407:
4405:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4345:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4321:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4302:G. leptoceros
4298:
4296:
4294:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4206:E. albonotata
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4185:
4183:
4182:A. cervicapra
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4161:
4159:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4137:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4096:
4089:
4085:
4067:
4065:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4053:Giant eland (
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4031:T. sylvaticus
4027:
4025:
4023:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3993:Lesser kudu (
3991:
3989:
3987:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3955:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3922:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3874:
3872:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3808:B. domesticus
3806:Bali cattle (
3804:
3802:
3800:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3696:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3631:
3624:
3620:
3606:
3604:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3571:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3510:O. canadensis
3506:
3504:
3502:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3457:Nilgiritragus
3453:
3447:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3420:O. americanus
3416:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3345:H. jemlahicus
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3241:Nubian ibex (
3239:
3237:
3235:
3232:Alpine ibex (
3230:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3088:
3081:
3077:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2999:Pantholopinae
2996:
2986:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2950:A. buselaphus
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2857:
2854:Grey rhebok (
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:Aepycerotinae
2795:
2785:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2729:Nile lechwe (
2727:
2725:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Hippotraginae
2559:
2555:
2550:
2543:
2539:
2521:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2408:B. dichotomus
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2382:Pampas deer (
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2342:M. nemorivaga
2338:
2336:
2334:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2286:Red brocket (
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2255:H. antisensis
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2095:C. canadensis
2091:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2044:R. timorensis
2040:
2038:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2003:
2002:E. davidianus
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1969:R. duvaucelii
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1934:Bawean deer (
1932:
1930:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1859:Tufted deer (
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1792:M. putaoensis
1788:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1738:M. crinifrons
1734:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1689:
1685:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1631:T. versicolor
1627:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1438:M. anhuiensis
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1392:G. reticulata
1388:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1228:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1090:Bos frontalis
1082:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1029:Bos frontalis
1021:
1013:
1009:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
964:
956:
949:
942:
940:
933:
931:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
894:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
852:
845:
837:
836:
828:
821:
817:
811:
809:
807:
798:
791:
784:
780:
770:
767:
764:
760:
759:
758:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
723:
721:
717:
712:
708:
706:
702:
697:
694:
690:
679:
676:
668:
665:November 2017
658:
654:
650:
644:
643:
639:
634:This section
632:
628:
623:
622:
617:
612:
603:
593:
590:
582:
579:November 2017
572:
568:
564:
558:
557:
553:
548:This section
546:
542:
537:
536:
532:
530:
529:Bos frontalis
524:
522:
518:
513:
511:
510:Salween River
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
466:ethnic groups
459:
454:
445:
443:
438:
432:
431:
426:
425:
420:
416:
413:
409:
408:
407:
404:
398:
395:
392:
388:
385:
381:
378:
374:
371:
367:
366:
365:
363:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
338:matrilineally
335:
331:
327:
325:
321:
320:Bos frontalis
317:
316:specific name
313:
310:In 2003, the
308:
306:
302:
301:Bos frontalis
299:
295:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:
249:Bos frontalis
245:
232:
229:
227:
224:
223:
221:
217:
214:
213:
211:
210:
208:
205:
201:
196:
191:
189:
188:Bos frontalis
183:
180:
179:Binomial name
176:
172:
171:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
75:
70:
66:
60:Domesticated
57:
53:
48:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
5651:
5593:
5581:
5570:H. amphibius
5569:
5559:Hippopotamus
5557:
5537:Whippomorpha
5506:
5497:
5488:
5476:
5464:
5455:
5446:
5437:
5425:
5374:
5362:
5350:
5338:
5326:
5314:
5289:
5280:
5271:
5262:
5253:
5244:
5235:
5226:
5218:S. cebifrons
5217:
5208:
5199:
5187:
5175:
5166:
5154:
5142:
5130:
5119:P. africanus
5118:
5109:
5099:Phacochoerus
5097:
5085:
5073:
5061:
5052:
5044:B. babyrussa
5043:
5031:
4980:
4968:
4956:
4948:P. maxwellii
4947:
4939:P. monticola
4938:
4926:
4914:
4905:
4896:
4887:
4879:C. rufilatus
4878:
4869:
4860:
4851:
4842:
4833:
4824:
4815:
4806:
4797:
4796:Bay duiker (
4789:C. crusalbum
4788:
4779:
4770:
4761:
4749:
4741:Cephalophini
4724:
4716:R. melanotis
4715:
4706:
4694:
4682:
4670:
4658:
4646:
4634:
4626:N. moschatus
4625:
4616:
4604:
4592:
4583:
4574:
4566:M. guentheri
4565:
4553:
4542:D. megalotis
4541:
4529:
4504:
4492:
4481:P. hodgsonii
4480:
4468:
4445:
4436:
4428:P. gutturosa
4427:
4415:
4403:
4394:
4385:
4376:
4367:
4355:
4343:
4331:
4319:
4310:
4301:
4292:
4284:G. erlangeri
4283:
4274:
4265:
4257:G. bennettii
4256:
4244:
4232:
4224:E. thomsonii
4223:
4215:E. rufifrons
4214:
4205:
4193:
4181:
4169:
4157:
4145:
4133:
4121:
4063:
4055:T. derbianus
4054:
4042:
4030:
4021:
4012:
4003:
3994:
3986:T. eurycerus
3985:
3976:
3967:
3943:
3935:Tragelaphini
3918:
3906:
3894:
3882:
3870:
3861:
3853:B. javanicus
3852:
3843:
3835:B. grunniens
3834:
3825:
3817:B. frontalis
3816:
3814:
3807:
3798:
3789:
3777:
3765:
3756:
3747:
3738:
3729:
3717:
3692:
3680:
3668:
3656:
3603:R. rupicapra
3602:
3594:R. pyrenaica
3593:
3581:
3569:
3557:
3545:
3536:
3535:Snow sheep (
3527:
3518:
3517:Dall sheep (
3509:
3500:
3491:
3479:
3468:N. hylocrius
3467:
3455:
3444:O. moschatus
3443:
3431:
3419:
3407:
3395:
3386:
3377:
3368:
3356:
3344:
3332:
3320:
3311:
3302:
3293:
3281:
3269:
3268:Walia ibex (
3260:
3252:C. pyrenaica
3251:
3242:
3233:
3224:
3216:C. falconeri
3215:
3206:
3197:
3188:
3176:
3165:B. taxicolor
3164:
3152:
3140:
3128:
3116:
3104:
3020:P. hodgsonii
3019:
3007:
2982:
2973:
2963:Connochaetes
2961:
2949:
2948:Hartebeest (
2937:
2925:
2916:
2904:
2892:
2880:
2872:Alcelaphinae
2856:P. capreolus
2855:
2843:
2818:
2806:
2781:
2772:
2764:R. arundinum
2763:
2751:
2739:
2731:K. megaceros
2730:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2691:
2666:
2654:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2603:
2591:
2582:
2570:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2487:
2475:
2466:
2453:
2441:
2431:
2419:
2407:
2406:Marsh deer (
2395:
2383:
2371:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2288:M. americana
2287:
2275:
2263:
2254:
2244:Hippocamelus
2242:
2230:
2218:
2206:
2198:C. capreolus
2197:
2185:
2173:
2172:Water deer (
2161:
2149:
2137:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2064:
2052:
2043:
2035:R. mariannus
2034:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1976:Eld's deer (
1968:
1967:Barasingha (
1956:
1944:
1935:
1926:
1917:
1905:
1893:
1884:
1872:
1860:
1848:
1836:
1828:M. vaginalis
1827:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1729:M. atherodes
1728:
1716:
1639:
1630:
1622:T. nigricans
1621:
1612:
1603:
1595:T. javanicus
1594:
1582:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1540:
1529:H. aquaticus
1528:
1516:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1425:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1361:
1350:O. johnstoni
1349:
1337:
1313:A. americana
1312:
1300:
1262:Superorder:
1256:Infraclass:
1227:Artiodactyla
1187:
1173:
1140:
1134:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1081:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1020:
977:
973:
963:
954:
948:
938:
904:
900:
893:
882:the original
861:
857:
844:
834:
827:
819:
815:
796:
783:
752:
729:
713:
709:
698:
686:
671:
662:
647:Please help
635:
616:Thrissur Zoo
600:
585:
576:
561:Please help
549:
528:
526:
514:
498:Kachin State
463:
439:
436:
428:
422:
405:
402:
359:
333:
328:
319:
309:
300:
296:applied the
291:
257:
253:
248:
247:
243:
241:
230:
225:
215:
187:
185:
169:
168:
156:
126:Artiodactyla
25:
5676:Wikispecies
5447:L. guanicoe
5306:Tayassuidae
5270:Wild boar (
5209:S. barbatus
5167:P. larvatus
5143:P. salvania
5141:Pygmy hog (
5075:Hylochoerus
4928:Philantomba
4816:C. jentinki
4798:C. dorsalis
4751:Cephalophus
4635:N. pygmaeus
4593:M. saltiana
4531:Dorcatragus
4505:S. tatarica
4395:N. petersii
4333:Litocranius
4233:E. tilonura
4180:Blackbuck (
4156:Springbok (
4099:Antilopinae
4097:(subfamily
4044:Taurotragus
4011:Sitatunga (
4004:T. scriptus
3995:T. imberbis
3952:(including
3945:Tragelaphus
3766:B. quarlesi
3648:Boselaphini
3632:(subfamily
3537:O. nivicola
3378:N. caudatus
3367:Red goral (
3358:Naemorhedus
3321:C. swinhoei
3301:Red serow (
3283:Capricornis
3261:C. sibirica
3198:C. caucasia
3189:C. aegagrus
3187:Wild goat (
3141:A. jayakari
3130:Arabitragus
3089:(subfamily
3060:Antilopinae
2983:C. taurinus
2926:D. pygargus
2819:A. melampus
2740:K. vardonii
2702:Waterbuck (
2643:O. leucoryx
2572:Hippotragus
2500:O. hemionus
2498:Mule deer (
2397:Blastocerus
2306:M. bricenii
2264:H. bisulcus
2231:R. tarandus
2207:C. pygargus
2129:Capreolinae
2111:Sika deer (
2053:R. unicolor
2042:Rusa deer (
1945:A. porcinus
1765:M. montanus
1562:M. kathygre
1311:Pronghorn (
1302:Antilocapra
1102:(11): 1–7.
1096:GigaScience
799:. FAO: 651.
523:harvesting:
517:transhumant
424:Bos indicus
142:Subfamily:
5856:Categories
5583:Choeropsis
5465:L. vicugna
5351:C. wagneri
5254:S. oliveri
5245:S. heureni
4981:S. grimmia
4970:Sylvicapra
4957:P. walteri
4870:C. rubidis
4861:C. ogilbyi
4807:C. harveyi
4771:C. brookei
4725:R. sharpei
4705:Steenbok (
4696:Raphicerus
4648:Oreotragus
4521:Neotragini
4470:Pantholops
4386:N. notatus
4344:L. walleri
4293:G. gazella
4266:G. cuvieri
4255:Chinkara (
4147:Antidorcas
4134:A. clarkei
4123:Ammodorcas
4113:Antilopini
4013:T. spekeii
3977:T. buxtoni
3968:T. angasii
3860:Wild yak (
3844:B. indicus
3799:B. bonasus
3739:B. bubalis
3682:Boselaphus
3658:Tetracerus
3528:O. gmelini
3396:N. griseus
3369:N. baileyi
3334:Hemitragus
3303:C. rubidus
3294:C. crispus
3243:C. nubiana
3106:Ammotragus
3009:Pantholops
2939:Alcelaphus
2924:Bontebok (
2917:D. lunatus
2906:Damaliscus
2893:B. hunteri
2782:R. redunca
2683:Reduncinae
2634:O. gazella
2583:H. equinus
2509:O. pandora
2489:Odocoileus
2373:Ozotoceros
2229:Reindeer (
2174:H. inermis
2163:Hydropotes
2086:C. elaphus
2084:Red deer (
2026:R. alfredi
1943:Hog deer (
1801:M. reevesi
1774:M. muntjak
1604:T. kanchil
1571:M. meminna
1518:Hyemoschus
1508:Tragulidae
1465:M. cupreus
1383:G. giraffa
1329:Giraffidae
1280:Ruminantia
776:References
746:under the
736:Medziphema
689:Adi people
606:In culture
430:Bos taurus
305:Chittagong
270:Bangladesh
5535:Suborder
5445:Guanaco (
5417:Camelidae
5403:Suborder
5375:D. tajacu
5364:Dicotyles
5340:Catagonus
5327:T. pecari
5272:S. scrofa
5176:P. porcus
5165:Bushpig (
5033:Babyrousa
5009:Suborder
4906:C. weynsi
4897:C. spadix
4762:C. adersi
4683:O. ourebi
4617:N. batesi
4606:Neotragus
4575:M. kirkii
4377:N. granti
4342:Gerenuk (
4311:G. spekei
4275:G. dorcas
4132:Dibatag (
3919:S. caffer
3884:Pseudoryx
3871:B. taurus
3851:Banteng (
3826:B. gaurus
3755:Tamaraw (
3601:Chamois (
3583:Rupicapra
3570:P. nayaur
3546:O. vignei
3526:Mouflon (
3225:C. hircus
3214:Markhor (
3117:A. lervia
2882:Beatragus
2808:Aepyceros
2632:Gemsbok (
2625:O. dammah
2467:P. carlae
2360:M. temama
2351:M. rufina
2315:M. chunyi
2297:M. bororo
2187:Capreolus
2113:C. nippon
2104:C. hanglu
1991:Elaphurus
1936:A. kuhlii
1850:Elaphodus
1718:Muntiacus
1553:M. indica
1542:Moschiola
1474:M. fuscus
1417:Moschidae
1278:Suborder
1238:Kingdom:
1055:1011-2367
763:germplasm
636:does not
550:does not
521:sago palm
164:Species:
92:Kingdom:
86:Eukaryota
5787:14200675
5748:11037721
5661:Wikidata
5507:C. ferus
5463:Vicuña (
5456:L. pacos
5454:Alpaca (
5438:L. glama
5405:Tylopoda
4915:C. zebra
4843:C. niger
4417:Procapra
4195:Eudorcas
4171:Antilope
3908:Syncerus
3869:Cattle (
3862:B. mutus
3790:B. bison
3730:B. arnee
3691:Nilgai (
3568:Bharal (
3559:Pseudois
3519:O. dalli
3501:O. aries
3492:O. ammon
3490:Argali (
3442:Muskox (
3409:Oreamnos
3387:N. goral
3270:C. walie
3154:Budorcas
3091:Caprinae
3036:Caprinae
2891:Hirola (
2835:Peleinae
2817:Impala (
2722:K. leche
2720:Lechwe (
2616:O. beisa
2592:H. niger
2253:Taruca (
2220:Rangifer
2150:A. alces
2051:Sambar (
1978:R. eldii
1958:Rucervus
1916:Chital (
1708:Cervinae
1695:Cervidae
1656:Cervidae
1584:Tragulus
1258:Eutheria
1252:Mammalia
1246:Chordata
1244:Phylum:
1240:Animalia
1126:29048483
1073:25178382
1012:32686769
941:Volume 2
921:17560527
744:Nagaland
705:Nagaland
512:basins.
490:Nagaland
417:It is a
298:binomial
288:Taxonomy
254:Drung ox
204:Synonyms
132:Family:
116:Mammalia
106:Chordata
102:Phylum:
96:Animalia
82:Domain:
5774:1006259
5735:2441025
5619:Cetacea
5610:Cetacea
5478:Camelus
5436:Llama (
5316:Tayassu
5132:Porcula
4681:Oribi (
4672:Ourebia
4555:Madoqua
4540:Beira (
4461:Saigini
4368:N. dama
4246:Gazella
4095:Bovidae
4093:Family
4064:T. oryx
3984:Bongo (
3966:Nyala (
3893:Saola (
3815:Gayal (
3719:Bubalus
3634:Bovinae
3630:Bovidae
3628:Family
3544:Urial (
3234:C. ibex
3163:Takin (
3087:Bovidae
3085:Family
3048:Bovinae
2974:C. gnou
2753:Redunca
2665:Addax (
2549:Bovidae
2547:Family
2455:Pudella
2442:P. pudu
2333:M. nana
2148:Moose (
1918:A. axis
1885:D. dama
1747:M. feae
1693:Family
1668:Bovidae
1613:T. napu
1427:Moschus
1363:Giraffa
1348:Okapi (
1250:Class:
1229:species
1225:Extant
1117:5710521
1064:4150205
1003:7371690
982:Bibcode
974:Sci Rep
866:Bibcode
738:in the
716:Manipur
657:removed
642:sources
571:removed
556:sources
502:Chinese
486:Manipur
474:Mizoram
470:Tripura
460:, India
370:withers
276:and in
274:Myanmar
195:Lambert
152:Genus:
146:Bovinae
136:Bovidae
122:Order:
112:Class:
5826:473384
5761:183842
5722:328705
5696:511574
5667:Q45079
5023:Suidae
4624:Suni (
4357:Nanger
3842:Zebu (
3824:Gaur (
3709:Bovini
3433:Ovibos
2738:Puku (
2713:K. kob
2277:Mazama
2066:Cervus
1339:Okapia
1147:
1124:
1114:
1071:
1061:
1053:
1010:
1000:
919:
693:Lhobas
508:) and
504::
442:genome
419:hybrid
377:dewlap
350:cattle
278:Yunnan
262:cattle
258:mithun
197:, 1804
31:Gayal
21:Ghayal
5813:96935
5800:30520
5743:IRMNG
5709:5WP9P
5011:Suina
4494:Saiga
4435:Goa (
3954:kudus
3178:Capra
2845:Pelea
2711:Kob (
2693:Kobus
2656:Addax
2139:Alces
2093:Elk (
1188:Gayal
1174:Gayal
885:(PDF)
854:(PDF)
793:(PDF)
478:Assam
390:gaur.
384:horns
340:from
324:taxon
282:China
244:gayal
5839:2752
5795:NCBI
5756:ITIS
5730:GBIF
5691:BOLD
5617:see
5427:Lama
3481:Ovis
2605:Oryx
2421:Pudu
2015:Rusa
1907:Axis
1874:Dama
1145:ISBN
1122:PMID
1069:PMID
1051:ISSN
1008:PMID
917:PMID
730:The
703:and
640:any
638:cite
554:any
552:cite
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