Gawain - Knowledge

2276:, but some examples of Gawain's depravity must be cited. He is a traitor; he is unfair, cowardly and cruel in battle; he was once good but is so no longer; he is one of the worst knights in the world; he kills out of hate, envy or to get possession of a woman; he is rebuked by Gaheriet, Tristram, and Driant; he is defeated or discomfited by Arthur, Belinant, Blioberis, Brehus, Driant, Erec, Lamorat, Palamedes, Perceval and Tristram; he kills, usually treacherously, Bademagus, Driant, Erec, Lamorat, Meraugis, Pellinor, and Yvain l'Avoutre; he is cavalier toward the quest of the Grail; he hates Lamorat, first, because he fears that Lamorat may discover that he had killed Pellinor, second, because Lamorat defeats him, and third, because Lamorat is having an affair with his mother; he throws Lamorat's head down on the path after cutting it off; he is worse than Breuz-sans-Pitie Surely an abundance of evil for one small man to perform! 1074: 76: 2322: 2459: 2311:, a character who often functions on a very human scale, failing and succeeding, but learning and progressing as well. It is this last that is perhaps most important in any overall consideration of Gawain as character. Sometimes he is the best knight, and sometimes not, but even as he fails he can learn from his mistakes, and sometimes becomes a better knight because of them. Ultimately, it may be this unusual capacity for character development, rooted in but not limited to his familial relationship with Arthur, that has made Gawain such a prominent figure in the Arthurian pantheon. 1796:) who baptises the infant with his own name, puts the infant Gawain in a cask with a letter explaining who the child is, and sets him adrift on the sea. The cask is found by a fisherman and his wife. Sometime after Gawain is ten years of age, his foster-father vows to make a pilgrimage to Rome if he recovers from his severe illness. When he undertakes the pilgrimage, he takes his foster-child with him to Rome. There a clerk reads the knight's letter, understands that the boy is of high birth, and the Pope takes Gawain as his own foster-son. Accounts similar to this can be found in 2408: 1499: 1115:'s brother: "He deservedly shared in his uncle's praising, because he prevented the fall of his collapsing country for many years." William also noted uncertainty regarding the manner of his death: "There, as certain people claim, he was wounded by his enemies, and cast forth from a shipwreck; by others, it is said that he was killed by his fellow citizens at a public feast. Therefore, knowledge of the truth falls in doubt, although neither of these stories would fail in defense of his fame." He also describes Walwen as a former ruler of 1839: 2200: 2156:. This allusion serves to reinforce chivalric ideals of religious, martial, and courtly love codes, especially in a masculine warrior culture, and shows the ways in which the masculine world can be subverted by female wiles. This undertone of homoeroticism between Gawain and Sir Bertilak underscores the strength of male homosocial bonds, and the fact that sex never occurs reinforces ideals of the masculine chivalric code. Gawain's character in the poem is said to be founded on a deep Christian belief in Christ and the 1825:. On his way, Gawain and his men defeat the pirate king Milocrates and his brother Buzafarnam, rescuing the Roman Emperor's niece whom Milocrates has abducted. In Jerusalem, he fights the giant Persian champion Gormund and slays him after three days of single combat. He is then sent to King Arthur with the proof of his birth. Arthur's queen, here named Gwendoloena and possessing prophetic powers, warns Arthur of the coming of a knight of Rome who is more powerful than him; Arthur and 2129: 1698: 6736: 994:, which compares Owain's boldness to that of Gwalchmei. In the Welsh Triads, Triad 4 lists him as one of the "Three Well-Endowed Men of the Isle of Britain" (probably referring to his inheritance); Triad 75 describes him as one of the "Three Men of the Island of Britain who were Most Courteous to Guests and Strangers"; and Triad 91 praises his fearlessness. Some versions of Triads 42 and 46 also praise his horse Keincaled, echoing the 6724: 2002: 5487: 5499: 2570: 1188: 5511: 1216:. Chrétien features Gawain as a major character and establishes some characteristics that pervade later depictions, including his unparalleled courteousness and his way with women. His romances set the pattern often followed in later works in which Gawain serves as an ally to the protagonist and a model of knighthood to whom others are compared. However, in Chrétien's later romances, especially 2243:. Although Gawain still has a reputation for being one of the best and most courteous knights in the world, this is a sham, as he is often secretly a rapist of damsels and a killer of good knights, no better than his brother Agravain. When the mighty and holy Grail knight Perceval asks Gawain if he had killed his father Pellinor, Gawain simply lies and denies it out of fear of Perceval. The 1381: 1583:(Vulgate Cycle) depicts Gawain as a proud and worldly knight and the leader of his siblings, who demonstrates through his failures the danger of neglecting the spiritual in favor of the material world. On the grand Grail Quest, his intentions are always the purest, but he is unable to use God's grace to see the error of his ways. Later, when his brothers Mordred and 1721:

mortally injured Gawain later writes to Lancelot, repenting of his bitterness, asking for his help against Mordred, and for forgiveness for splitting the Round Table. Following his death, Gawain also appears in Arthur's dream vision to tell him to wait thirty days for the reconciled Lancelot to return to Britain before fighting Mordred. Consequently, Arthur sends

1021:, ascribes to Gwalchmei the same relationship with Arthur that Gawain is later given: he is the son of Arthur's sister and one of his leading warriors. However, he is mentioned only twice in the text, once in the extensive list of Arthur's court towards the beginning of the story, and again as one of the "Six Helpers" whom Arthur sends with the protagonist 2049:, she curses him with a spell that turns him into a hideous dwarf, but later restores him to his real form after he passes a test to save her from an apparent rape in an arranged "damsel in distress"-style scenario. In some versions of the legend, Gawain would have been the true and rightful heir to the throne of Camelot, after the reign of King Arthur. 1941:), one of King Arthur's allies. Gawain first appears as an eleven-year-old boy at Lot's funeral and swears to avenge his father's death on Pellinor, praying that he may never be known for knightly deeds until he has taken vengeance. The story of the feud between Gawain and Pellinor and his sons is very important in the Post-Vulgate Cycle and the 1884:), wherein Gawain comes to the castle where, unknown to him, live his grandmother (King Arthur's mother), his own mother, and his sister. Gawain becomes the castle's lord, and it would be likely that he would unknowingly marry either his mother or his sister, but Gawain discovers who the women are. In a variant included in the 558:. While he was originally known for his religious piety, here, he becomes a symbol of secular knighthood and thus a major object of criticism by the authors of French prose cycles. Two important plotlines shed light on Gawain's redefined characterization: his being a leader in the family blood feud against the clan of King 2061:, and also led to scholarly hypothesis according to which Gawain's figure could be derived from a Celtic sun god or perhaps a son of such deity. The Post-Vulgate narration tells how, in great part due to his supernatural strength, there have been only six knights whom Gawain failed to defeat in a sword fight: Lancelot, 2172:, in one of the many random jousting duels for no particular reason (failing to even recognise him until it is too late). He is also responsible for the deaths of more of his fellow Round Table companions, including the young King Bagdemagus of Gorre, whom he accidentally kills during a tournament. The Vulgate 1675:

Cycles. Here Gawain partly retains the negative characteristics attributed to him by the later French authors, and partly retains his earlier positive representations, creating a character seen by some as inconsistent, and by others as a believably flawed hero. Gawain is the first to declare that he

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are killed (Agravain, too, is killed by Lancelot, either on this occasion or in a previous encounter). This turns his friendship with Lancelot into hatred, and his desire for vengeance causes him to draw Arthur into a war with Lancelot in France. In the king's absence, Mordred usurps the throne, and

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by exposing their love affair, Gawain tries to stop them. When Guinevere is sentenced to burn at the stake and Arthur deploys his best knights to guard the execution, Gawain nobly refuses to take part in the deed, even though his brothers will be there. But when Lancelot returns to rescue Guinevere,

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has Gawain fight and defeat a giant serpent that turns out to be just a form of fairy princess, the daughter of Morgan le Fay (Fata Morgana) who then becomes his secret lover; their relationship, once revealed, makes both of them into enemies of Guinevere (who is jealous of Gawain after having been

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and one of Arthur's key supporters. Geoffrey mentions that Gawain was twelve years old at the time when King Lot and Arthur began a war with Norway, and that he had previously served Pope Sulpicius in Rome. Gawain later plays a major role as one of the leaders in Arthur's victorious war against the

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sends to Arthur for aid, having been abducted by a pagan king who wants to force marriage on her. Arthur and his forces go to fight the pagan army but lose, yet Gawain single-handedly succeeds and returns with the Lady and with the pagan king's head. Arthur is finally forced to publicly accept the

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Malory's version of Gawain's demise follows the Vulgate. Gawain's two sons and his brothers, except for Mordred, end up slain by Lancelot and his followers. Their death unleashes the vindictive hostility of Gawain towards his former friend, drawing Arthur himself into a war with Lancelot, first in

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says Gawain had been baptised as an infant by a miracle-working holy man, also named Gawain. The other Gawain named the boy after himself, and who announced the following day that every day at noon, at the hour of the baptism, his power and strength would increase. His recurring status of a solar

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to end the violence between Arthur's and Lancelot's factions. Following Mordred's betrayal, Gawain wages two wars against both Mordred and Lancelot. He twice challenges Lancelot to a duel, but each time loses and asks Lancelot to kill him. Lancelot refuses and grants him mercy before leaving. The

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among others, before being surrounded on a hill. Breaking out, he pushes forward on a horse towards Mordred himself, and the two strike one another down from their horses with their lances. Gawain then attempts to cut Mordred's throat, but Mordred stabs him through the helmet. (As Mordred is

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in an unrecorded oral tale in which Gwalchmei destroyed three evil witch-sisters, wives of the giants previously slain by Arthur, killing them within their castles through his cunning, as they could not be defeated otherwise, due to their powers. Gwalchmei himself appears as a giant in Welsh

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Malory's Gawain, following the later French prose depictions, also "emerges as a character composed of obvious inconsistencies of virtue and evil." Nevertheless, according to Arthurian scholar Ryan Harper, considering Gawain's many varied (and for most part positive) medieval portrayals,

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meet Gawain on his way but he unhorses them both. Gawain then arrives at Arthur's court, but the king rejects him despite learning of the knight being his nephew. In response, Gawain vows that he will do what Arthur's entire army could not do. The occasion comes when the Lady of the

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with discretion, at once not wanting to insult her by refusing her advances and not wanting to betray the hospitality of her husband. Based on the bargain to give each other their respective daily gains, Gawain must give the kisses he receives from Lady Bertilak to Sir

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In the early Welsh texts, Gawain is portrayed as a formidable but courteous and compassionate warrior, fiercely loyal to his king and his family. He is known as a friend to young knights, a defender of the poor and the unfortunate, and as the "Maidens' Knight", a

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he is used as a very symbol of the unfitness of secular knighthood. Here, Gawain is blamed for his irreligion and is shown to indulge in rather purposeless killing: as, for example, when he mortally wounds his relative and a fellow Knight of the Round Table,

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An influx of romances written in French appeared in Chrétien's wake. While Gawain stands out as the most popular character of all Arthurian knights in the entire genre, their authors characterise him variously. In some of these "Gawain romances", such as

1918:, he first appears as a young squire in his father's kingdom. Gawain, his brother Gaheris, and a number of other squires, most of them sons or kindred of the kings who at this time are rebelling against King Arthur, come together and defend the land of 526:. In the later version of his legend, he possesses superhuman strength connected to a day and night cycle, adding to his already outstanding martial prowess and making him an invincible swordsman around noon, when the sun is at its height. 1170:

aspect he would take in later literature, wherein he favours courtliness and love over martial valor. Several later works expand on Geoffrey's mention of Gawain's boyhood spent in Rome, the most important of which is the anonymous

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the Britons must return to save Britain. Meanwhile, Gawain is mortally wounded by Lancelot himself after a long duel. King Arthur, his uncle in this version of the tale, becomes very distraught as he mourns his death. The Vulgate

1993:, King Hoel is his half-brother from their mother's first marriage. Mordred is Gawain's younger brother (by Lot, originally) or half-brother (by Arthur, later) in almost every text in which he figures since Geoffrey of Monmouth. 2623:(1978) portrays Gawain as open-minded and introspective about his flaws, qualities that make him the Round Table's greatest knight. Though he usually plays a supporting role, some works feature Gawain as the main character. 1930:), after which Arthur knights the squires. During this time, Gawain notably saves their mother Belisent (Morgause) and the infant Mordred from being kidnapped by the Saxon king Taurus. This account is revised in the later 366:

in the earliest Welsh sources. He has subsequently appeared in many Arthurian tales in Welsh, Latin, French, English, Scottish, Dutch, German, Spanish, and Italian, notably as the protagonist of the Middle English poem

2431:), Tristan (with Iseult), and Lancelot (with Guinevere). Nevertheless, Gawain has had wives in the course of Arthurian literature, albeit he is always introduced as yet unmarried at the beginning of any such story. In 1137:

Romans, having personally started this great conflict by killing the Roman envoy Caius (Gaius Quintilianus) who had insulted him and Arthur. Geoffrey's Gawain is depicted as a supreme warrior (even calling him and

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hero, as well as some of his other traits and adventures, especially within the variants of the Green Knight tale, suggest that Gawain may have been originally a Welsh counterpart of the Irish mythology hero

2657:, in which he is portrayed as a skilled knight, immensely loyal to Arthur, and as intelligent, kind-hearted, and occasionally sarcastic. Morris included many legends involving Gawain in the second book, 2037:

describes Gawain as the most handsome of his brothers and notably gracious towards poor people and to societal outcasts such as lepers; the one time when he fails to properly greet an unknown maiden (

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in various accounts, although they often involve a story of Gawain unknowingly being raised in foster care in Rome before returning to Britain to reunite happily with his biological relatives. His

1128:, written around 1136, that brought the character to a wider audience. As in the Welsh tradition, Geoffrey's Gawain (Gualguanus) is the son of Arthur's sister, here named Anna, and her husband is 2030:, counting the words "courteous", "courtesy", and "courteously" being used in reference to Arthur's nephew as 178 times in total, more than for all the other knights in Arthurian literature. The 562:

and his initially close friendship with another great knight, Sir Lancelot, which becomes a bitter rivalry when he seeks vengeance for the death of his brothers. In this tradition, featured in

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to make a temporary peace treaty, but the bloody final conflict ensues anyway. Upon his eventual arrival, Lancelot weeps at Gawain's tomb for two nights. In his editorial preface to Malory's

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portrayed there more sympathetically than in most other works, he later gives a sorrowful eulogy to his dead brother, calling him the best and most glorious of knights.) In the French verse

2455:, Gawain marries Amurfina, a niece of Arthur's stepfather (here named Gansguoter) who wins Gawain from her own younger sister Sgoidamur through the use of a magic bridle and a love potion. 2427:), his name is thus attached to no woman in particular. As such, he is the champion of all women, and through this reputation, he has avoided the name-pairing seen in tales of Erec (with 2089:, he has a sword named Galuth, which bears the name Galatine in Malory's version of the Roman War episode. His knowledge of herbs also makes him a great healer, as shown in Chrétien's 1394:

For the English and the Scottish, Gawain remained a respectable and heroic figure, becoming the subject of several romances (a dozen in English, besides the likes of the Anglo-Norman

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even says Gawain had killed some of his fellow Knights of the Round Table in the grand quest for the Grail, which he turned out to be unworthy to achieve. When Gawain does reach the

2219:. He is now bloodthirsty and often murderous. Among important Knights of the Round Table whom Gawain is said to have killed during and after the Grail quest are King Pellinor's son 1029:. Unlike the other helpers, he takes no further part in the action. This suggests he was added to the romance later, likely under the influence of the Welsh versions of Geoffrey's 2346:), among the Knights of the Round Table. Thomas Malory credits Gawain with three sons through the Lady of Lys, a sister of Bran de Lys/Lis (or "Brandles" in the Middle English 2196:

at Camelot, after Gawain failed in the task. In the end, Gawain's unwillingness to forgive Lancelot leads to his own death and contributes to the downfall of Arthur's kingdom.

1955:-derived tradition in which Gawain has only his now-familiar four brothers (among whom he is the eldest and is explicitly described as the most handsome of them by the Vulgate 2695:(2008–2012), where he is a Knight of the Round Table under King Arthur. In this adaptation he is loyal to King Arthur and portrayed as a cocky, funny, and skilled knight. 1528:

to, presumably, be killed by the Knight. Gawain does this as it pertains to a deal made between the two without knowing that it is all a test by the Knight. He is cited in

1959:), Gawain also has sisters in different settings. These include an unnamed sister whom he rescues (along with her unnamed husband and children) from a giant in Chrétien's 1948:, but not a trace of it is found in the Lancelot-Grail Cycle or in any earlier known tale, some of which picture Lot as still alive long after Gawain becomes a knight. 2593:

Gawain features frequently in modern literature and media. Modern depictions of him are often heavily influenced by Malory, though characterizations are inconsistent.

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the two "warriors than whom no better had ever been born") and potential heir to the throne until he is tragically struck down by the forces of his traitorous brother

2689:, Gawain is a member of the eponymous Knights, portrayed as female, a hugely muscular and prideful niece of Arthur. He is also depicted in multiple episodes of BBC's 2400:). She might be the same as the also unnamed daughter of King Tradelmant of North Wales, a hitherto virgin who becomes pregnant by Gawain out of wedlock in the Prose 6774: 1662:, when he is struck on his head in the same place where Lancelot had wounded him and falls dead during a single combat with a knight named Turinoro, who also dies. 2490: 2435:, he marries the cursed Ragnelle, and in giving her "sovereignty" in the relationship, lifts the spell laid upon her that had given her a hag-like appearance. In 2253:

explains Gawain's many great cruelties being caused by his grief at being surpassed by other knights after not regaining his full strength following the war with

2561:, Gawain also expressed his desire to himself become the most beautiful lady so he could be loved by the mysterious Black Knight (Lancelot appearing incognito). 566:, Gawain's sinful ways and his unforgiving nature inadvertently lead to the fall of Arthur and the Round Table, and ultimately his own death by Lancelot's hand. 927:(meaning "gore" or "spilled blood/bloodshed") in Gwalchmei ap Gwyar is likely the name of Gwalchmei's mother, rather than his father, as is the standard in the 1758: 3465: 1707: 1981:, he has two sisters named Cundriê and Itonjê and a sole younger brother named Beacurs (the King of Norway and a Knight of the Round Table who marries King 913:

and clearly a major figure of the now largely lost oral tradition. His popularity greatly increased after foreign versions, particularly those derived from

2766:), both directed by Stephen Weeks; neither film was well reviewed and both deviate substantially from the source material. A 1991 television adaptation by 2188:

than in the holy relic, failing to even spot it there. In a symbolic later scene, it is her son and the new destined Grail hero, the blessed virgin knight

1446: 6739: 2742:), seeking revenge when Lancelot kills his unarmed brother Gareth, but ultimately coming to Lancelot's aid when he uncovers Mordred's responsibility. 2529:

Other women of Gawain include Lady Bloisine who plots to murder Gawain in bed before genuinely falling in love with him in the Fourth Continuation of

2443:, the mad Orguelleuse instead unsuccessfully plots to kill Gawain and then to entomb herself with him; she is called the Maiden of the Narrow Wood in 885:

in Wales in the early 12th century. However, most scholarship supports a derivation from Gwalchmei, variants of which are well attested in Wales and

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prove morally superior to Gawain, who follows the rules of courtliness to the letter rather than the spirit. Chrétien's story of Gawain's cousin

5548: 4232: 1341: 6767: 5602: 2722:), all of which draw on elements of Gawain's traditional characterizations. Other films give Gawain a larger role. In the 1954 adaptation of 2774:, was both more faithful and better received. Gawain's more recent film and television portrayals include the roles of Robert Gwyn Davin in 1658:, having been defeated in his duel with Lancelot, Gawain takes part in resisting an attack by Lancelot's friend and ally, Sir Turinoro of 1822: 1548: 447: 6682: 5288: 4659: 1756:

for them to be healed there by the king's sister Morgaine (Morgan). The surviving Gawain also features in the earlier French epic poem

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when one of Mordred's Saxon allies fatally strikes him in the head through an unlaced helmet; a similar account is told in the English

1366: 6727: 1676:"shall laboure in the Queste of the Sankgreall" but really embarks on the Grail quest in order to gain more magical meals and drinks ( 1619:. Upon reaching land after returning to Britain from the continent, Gawain wreaks great slaughter on his enemies, killing the king of 1306: 2573:

Sir Gawain bends over the exhausted Maid Avoraine in concern after she has proved her love by running after his horse for two days.

2235:(resulting in Escablor's own death from grief). Earlier, Gawain and his brothers are also the slayers of King Pellinor and his sons 6760: 5408: 2464: 89: 1716:

Britain and then in France. Gawain's rage is so great that he refuses to cease fighting even after the Pope steps in and issues a

5907: 2748: 1451: 5565: 1892:. Gregory enters the lady's service and succeeds in winning back her lands, after which he unwittingly marries his own mother. 4465: 4387: 3713: 2989: 2961: 2215:

In the Post-Vulgate Cycle, Gawain's character is further blackened, influenced by being portrayed as a villain in the Prose

6876: 6637: 5897: 3974: 3799: 2659: 1752:, Arthur, defeated and wounded in his last battle with Mordrech (Mordred), goes with Gawain in a boat to the magic isle of 1426: 399: 6998: 6988: 3292:

Arthur, King of Britain: History, Romance, Chronicle & Criticism, with Texts in Modern English, from Gildas to Malory

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Performance artist Captain Cox is described as "hardy as Gawin" and knows the Arthurian romances including "Syr Gawain".

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theme. Other notable recurring motifs include his learned healing skills, his special swords that may include the famed

6841: 6632: 5541: 4616: 4586: 4542: 4495: 4406: 4345: 4066: 4003: 3866: 3614: 3372: 3131: 5456: 4524: 4363: 4325: 4110: 3893: 3839: 3686: 3659: 3535: 3300: 3259: 2704: 2026:, B. J. Whiting collected quantitative evidence of these qualities being stronger in Gawain than in any of the other 339: 2257:. Such a new popular image originating in the late Old French romance tradition prompted the historical audience of 1538:

suggests that a popular English tradition of Gawain continued. Different variants of the Green Knight story include

2354:. Both Lovell (Lioniel) and Gingalain (Guinglain) have previously appeared in the First Continuation to Chrétien's 1228: 1218: 1197: 2613:(1958) follows Malory, but presents Gawain as more churlish than Malory's torn and tragic portrayal. In contrast, 2292:

might well be the culprit, if sheer weight of calumny be any criterion, then we must agree with Madden. After the

1323: 957:. There, Gwalchmei is given three sisters: Gracia, Graeria, and Dioneta, the last of which being a counterpart of 945:, a Welsh text that adapts scenes from Geoffrey, substitutes Gwyar for Anna, Geoffrey's name for Gawain's mother, 423: 6784: 4981: 1512: 369: 4843: 3776:

Boyd, David L. "Sodomy, Misogyny, and Displacement: Occluding Queer Desire in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight".

7008: 6703: 4652: 4424: 2952: 2679: 1769:, appearing together with Arthur and Morgan in Avalon, where they are all still alive hundreds of years later. 585:

Gawain is known by different names and variants in different languages. The character corresponds to the Welsh

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Toorians, Lauran, "Nogmaals 'Walewein van Melle' en de Vlaams-Keltische contacten," Queeste, 2 (1995), 97–112.

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Film portrayals of Gawain, and the Arthurian legend in general, are often heavily indebted to Malory; White's

1937:, where King Lot fights against Arthur but his forces are defeated and he himself is killed by King Pellinor ( 458:

literature, Gawain is usually depicted as King Arthur's closest companion and an integral member of the elite

6993: 6963: 6958: 5534: 3406: 2685: 2362:. Gingalain is the only of them to play a significant role in further works, as the eponymous protagonist of 2236: 2022:

Traditionally, Gawain, of all Arthur's knights, is known for his courteousness, compassion, and humility. In

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Gawain is notably the hero of one of the greatest works of Middle English literature, the alliterative poem

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The first known references to Gawain outside Wales began to appear in the first half of the 12th century.

873:, which he translates as "hair like reins" or "bright hair". Lauran Toorians proposes that the Dutch name 6697: 5997: 5403: 3495: 1462: 1388: 75: 1015:, composed in the 11th century (though not recorded until the 14th), and eventually associated with the 797:), among many other forms and spellings. The later forms are generally assumed to derive from the Welsh 6978: 6973: 6687: 5451: 5061: 4798: 2935: 2786: 2724: 2259: 2027: 1613: 1566: 1100: 359: 125: 40: 2147:, for example, where he is described as "this fine father of breeding", Gawain receives the kisses of 1184:), which describes his birth, boyhood, and early adventures leading up to his knighting by his uncle. 6931: 5582: 4645: 4565:

Whiting, B. J. "Gawain: His Reputation, His Courtesy and His appearance in Chaucer's Squire's Tale."

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Seeking the Women in Late Medieval and Renaissance Writings: Essays in Feminist Contextual Criticism

6677: 2614: 2609: 2582: 2458: 1888:, a Gawain-like character named Gregory comes to a castle where his mother dwells, besieged by the 1686: 405: 4126: 2877:

The character has appeared in a number of stage productions and operas, mostly interpretations of

7003: 6857: 5812: 5722: 4680: 4161: 2910: 2897: 2869: 2846: 2826: 2816: 2709: 2691: 2578: 2412: 2325:"In the morning one of these ladies came to Gawaine." William Henry Margetson's illustration for 2285: 1763: 1741:

can still "see the skull of , and the same wound is seen that Sir Launcelot gave him in battle."

1412: 1300: 435: 150: 33: 17: 4336:(2010). "Gawain on Film (The Remake): Thames Television Strikes Back". In Kevin J. Harty (ed.). 1895:

Later romances, however, abandon the motif of Gawain being brought up, unknown, in Rome. In the

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in King Arthur's court. She and Lot secretly give the child to a knight named Gawain the Brown (

1516:, where he is portrayed as an excellent, but human, knight. Here, Gawain strongly resembles the 6621: 6412: 6407: 4085:

Morte Darthur: Sir Thomas Malory's Book of King Arthur and His Noble Knights of the Round Table

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Day, Mildred Leake (1994), "The Rise of Gawain, Nephew of Arthur", in Wilhelm, James J. (ed.),

2856: 2734: 2014: 1911:'s marriage to Ygerne; Gawain must be thus about the same age as Arthur, or even older. In the 1864: 881:

and France c. 1100) was earliest, suggesting it entered Britain during the large settlement of

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Gawain also often appears as intimately associated with a supernatural female figure from the

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is the son of Gawain by the king of Wales's unnamed daughter, who is known only as the Lover (

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is the first to mention Gawain's offspring, listing one "Henec the Skillful, son of Gawain" (

2157: 1646: 1436: 1284: 1086: 1035: 417: 6567: 6557: 1206: 6849: 6362: 6187: 6112: 5987: 5912: 5782: 5757: 5682: 5557: 5166: 5151: 5126: 5076: 4951: 4773: 4698: 3858:

Later Middle English Literature, Materiality, and Culture: Essays in Honor of James M. Dean

3818:. Edited by Julie Reidhead. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2012. Lines 642–647. 2758: 2728:, he is a somewhat boorish, though noble and good-natured, foil for his squire and friend, 2574: 2554: 2385: 2106: 1667: 1635: 1091: 954: 914: 860: 554: 6735: 2895:. Gawain furthermore appeared in a number of video games, including as the protagonist of 1502:"Sir Gawain seized his lance and bade them farewell", Frank T. Merrill's illustration for 8: 6983: 6588: 6467: 6167: 6052: 5922: 5917: 5807: 4333: 2888: 2836: 2796: 2702:

also exerts a heavy influence. Gawain appears as a supporting character in films such as

2296:, indeed, the remaining prose romances seem to direct no more than pin-pricks at Gawain. 2249: 1406: 1396: 845: 393: 5640: 4637: 4509: 4083: 3209: 2597:

adapted episodes from Malory to present Gawain as a worldly and faithless knight in his

2199: 1360:), contrasts the adventures of Gawain with these of the eponymous Mériadeuc, his former 6547: 6487: 6392: 6342: 6077: 5967: 5772: 5574: 5471: 5466: 5066: 5026: 4956: 4484: 4237: 3930: 3431: 2851: 2599: 2549:. Arcade is renamed as Lady Ettarde in Malory's version with no happy end for her; his 2185: 1931: 1672: 1474: 1294: 1146: 966: 829: 690: 542: 511: 411: 2791: 6924: 6647: 6609: 6603: 6598: 6462: 6427: 6297: 6247: 6137: 5672: 5626: 5617: 5436: 5081: 5016: 4672: 4612: 4582: 4538: 4520: 4491: 4461: 4420: 4402: 4383: 4371: 4359: 4341: 4321: 4106: 4062: 3999: 3889: 3862: 3835: 3795: 3709: 3682: 3655: 3610: 3531: 3296: 3255: 3127: 2985: 2957: 2767: 2763: 2541:, and the haughty and cruel Arcade who loves Gawain but he gives her up to the young 2363: 2204: 2169: 1838: 1831: 1654: 1534: 1213: 1176: 1104: 1011: 869: 515: 455: 441: 375: 351: 65: 6937: 6709: 6447: 6422: 6182: 6127: 6102: 5727: 5350: 5156: 5136: 5091: 4399:

The Openess of Myth: The Arthurian Tradition in the Middle Ages and Today (vol. 18)

3949: 3922: 3527:

From Cuchulainn to Gawain: Sources and Analogues of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

3499: 3275: 3233: 2714: 2673: 2640: 2376: 2333: 2263:

to identify the story's rapist-knight character as Gawain. B. J. Whiting writes in

2038: 1659: 1264: 1078: 1056: 1052: 833: 387: 269: 6752: 3316: 2024:

Gawain: His Reputation, His Courtesy and His Appearance in Chaucer's Squire's Tale

1487:) by Heinrich von dem Türlin, in which Gawain is the protagonist who achieves the 6593: 6517: 6377: 6367: 6267: 6257: 6252: 6232: 6177: 6122: 6047: 5822: 5441: 5431: 5385: 5360: 5340: 5318: 5306: 5116: 5021: 4778: 4713: 3600: 3573: 3525: 3503: 3347: 3290: 2393: 2277: 2062: 2009: 1908: 1900: 1802: 1612:

Gawain's death in a battle against Mordred is described in detail in the English

1517: 1495:, also features a minor character of "the other Gawain": his lookalike, Aamanz. 1153: 910: 898: 894: 825: 579: 3975:"The Jeaste of Sir Gawain: Introduction | Robbins Library Digital Projects" 6901: 6652: 6457: 6432: 6272: 6147: 5892: 5847: 5817: 5787: 5777: 5515: 5503: 5278: 5232: 4534:

The Return of King Arthur: British and American Arthurian Literature Since 1900

4445: 4375: 2883: 2781: 2729: 2668: 2031: 1912: 1789: 1745: 1734: 1592:

a battle between Lancelot's and Arthur's knights ensues, and Gawain's brothers

1579: 1529: 1298:(perhaps also written by Chrétien himself), he is the hero. In others, such as 1259: 1209:

in the second half of the 12th century, Gawain became a very popular figure in

1172: 1152:

Geoffrey's work was immensely popular and was adapted into many languages. The

937: 932: 882: 734: 722: 594: 5633: 5313: 3831:

Studies in Medieval Literature and Languages: In Memory of Frederick Whitehead

2081:

and some other later stories, he is the other wielder of Arthur's magic sword

2058: 6952: 6883: 6819: 6809: 6482: 6337: 6192: 5982: 5611: 5191: 4976: 4763: 3492:"Digital version of Penninc en Pieter Vostaert, Roman van Walewein - LTK 195" 2977: 2892: 2831: 2811: 2654: 2148: 2143:

In many romances, Gawain is depicted as a model for chivalric attributes. In

1963:; two sisters named Soredamors (Cligés' mother) and Clarissant in Chrétien's 1942: 1907:, Arthur's mother) is part of the negotiations arranging for Arthur's father 1814: 1697: 1561: 1543: 1162: 1096: 991: 958: 546: 530: 462:. In the best-known versions of the legend, he is the son of Arthur's sister 429: 3491: 3466:"Call for papers: 'The character of Gawain in Medieval European Literature'" 2423:

Since Gawain is known in multiple tales as the "Knight of Maidens" (French:

6799: 6672: 6477: 6347: 6282: 6277: 6152: 5590: 5491: 5446: 5237: 5056: 4986: 2801: 2776: 2624: 2153: 2005: 1835:

knight's worth, and Lot and Anna formally acknowledge Gawain as their son.

1738: 1671:

is based mainly, but not exclusively, on French works from the Vulgate and

1557: 1525: 1441: 1401: 1336: 928: 897:

all trace the etymology of the continental versions to a corruption of the

4560:

The Legend of Sir Gawain: Studies Upon its Original Scope and Significance

2533:, Ydain (Ydeine) who pledges to love him for life after he rescues her in 1479: 1384:"Walewein" follows a flying checkboard in a 14th-century Dutch manuscript 381: 6918: 6692: 6542: 6497: 6472: 6292: 6067: 5947: 5707: 5662: 5355: 5273: 5101: 5071: 5041: 4668: 3606: 2947: 2943: 2841: 2821: 2753: 2719: 2645: 2604: 2338: 2136: 2074: 1923: 1702: 1681: 1609:, where he is placed in the tomb of his dear brother Gaheriet (Gaheris). 1504:

A Knight of Arthur's Court or the Tale of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

1492: 1371: 1119:, which he says was still called Walweitha centuries later in his times. 1107:

Briton soldier celebrated for his bravery, tirelessly fought against the

1003: 998:. The singling out of Gwalchmei as Most Courteous evokes his role in the 890: 714: 459: 355: 224: 84: 4102:

Entre Hommes: French and Francophone Masculinities in Culture and Theory

2553:

also mentions Gawain having once been in the power of the lustful witch

2462:"Sir Gawaine finds the beautiful Lady", Howard Pyle's illustration from 1855:

Similar to this tale are the stories of the Castle of Wonders, found in

1620: 1364:. Another notable squire of Gawain is the also eponymous protagonist of 820:

is uncertain. It has been suggested that it refers to the month of May (

6302: 6107: 6097: 5957: 5952: 5937: 5932: 5737: 5712: 5687: 5667: 5526: 5258: 5227: 5171: 4888: 4808: 2619: 2488:

called Blanc(h)emal, and Gawain is himself rescued by the fay Lorie in

2473: 1982: 1717: 1521: 1488: 1311: 1274: 1210: 1017: 634: 3934: 3910: 855:

Others argue that the continental forms do not ultimately derive from

6814: 6667: 6615: 6532: 6527: 6417: 6402: 6387: 6372: 6117: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6032: 6022: 6017: 6012: 5872: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5802: 5742: 5697: 5692: 5461: 5253: 5222: 5196: 5131: 5106: 4996: 4966: 4918: 4908: 4743: 4738: 4708: 3995:

The Knight Without the Sword: A Social Landscape of Malorian Chivalry

2865: 2477: 2351: 2193: 2082: 1938: 1874: 1722: 1588: 1318: 1077:

Galvagin (Gawain) depicted fighting Carrado (Carados) on the Italian

983: 559: 523: 519: 503: 214: 135: 4828: 4233:"Review: In 'The Buried Giant,' Ishiguro Revisits Memory and Denial" 2128: 1965: 6627: 6537: 6492: 6397: 6332: 6327: 6307: 6287: 6242: 6237: 6212: 6207: 6062: 6042: 6002: 5972: 5962: 5927: 5882: 5877: 5867: 5857: 5852: 5767: 5732: 5717: 5702: 5677: 5380: 5370: 5345: 5335: 5325: 5186: 5141: 5111: 5036: 5006: 4971: 4946: 4913: 4878: 4858: 4813: 4768: 4688: 3926: 3678:

Malory's Anatomy of Chivalry: Characterization in the Morte Darthur

3251:

Arthuriana: Early Arthurian Tradition and the Origins of the Legend

2439:, Gawain marries Orguelleuse, the widow of the Duke of Logres. (In 2308: 2254: 2228: 2220: 2177: 2066: 2001: 1869: 1843: 1785: 1726: 1584: 1241: 1237: 1167: 1129: 1116: 987: 946: 886: 878: 534: 479: 467: 463: 350:), also known in many other forms and spellings, is a character in 166: 162: 158: 1055:. A similar motif was mentioned by the 16th-century Welsh scholar 373:. Other works featuring Gawain as their central character include 6824: 6662: 6657: 6522: 6512: 6502: 6442: 6382: 6322: 6222: 6217: 6202: 6197: 6172: 6162: 6157: 6132: 6072: 6057: 5762: 5747: 5330: 5296: 5268: 5263: 5096: 5051: 5011: 4961: 4941: 4923: 4903: 4893: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4853: 4848: 4838: 4833: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4723: 4703: 3814:"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight." Translated by Simon Armitage. 2542: 2240: 2189: 2070: 1904: 1826: 1606: 1597: 1142: 1133: 1112: 1048: 1022: 538: 491: 483: 475: 247: 178: 170: 2569: 1122:

However, it was Geoffrey of Monmouth's version of Gawain in the

844:

derivation. John Koch suggests the name could be derived from a

6642: 6583: 6507: 6437: 6317: 6312: 6262: 6027: 5977: 5942: 5887: 5862: 5827: 5752: 5657: 5375: 5365: 5301: 5217: 5181: 5176: 5146: 5121: 5086: 5001: 4883: 4823: 4728: 4437:

Koch, John T. (1995). "The Celtic Lands." In N. J. Lacy (ed.),

2514: 2451:, the Queen of the Isles swears she will marry only Gawain. In 2042: 1927: 1919: 1818: 1753: 1593: 1361: 1187: 1149:, during an attempted sea landing that turned into a disaster. 1108: 487: 471: 243: 174: 47: 2180:, he is unable to restore the Grail Sword, unlike his role in 2069:, his own brother Gaheris (replaced with Percival by Malory), 1922:

against the Saxons while Arthur is away aiding King Leodegan (

1099:

hundreds of years after his death, following the 11th-century

6552: 6352: 6007: 5992: 5797: 5792: 5201: 5161: 5046: 5031: 4788: 4783: 4693: 2485: 2428: 1744:

Finally, there are versions in which Gawain does not die. In

1642: 1556:), his wits, virtue, and respect for women frees his wife, a 1245: 1192: 1026: 574: 495: 278: 146: 4430:

Kennedy, Edward D. (2007). "Gawain's Family and Friends."

3705:

The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary British and Irish Poetry

1095:

of around 1125, that "Walwen's" grave had been uncovered in

964:

Early references to Gwalchmei include the Welsh Triads; the

6227: 6142: 4991: 4818: 4718: 4434:. Eds. Thea Summerfield and Keith Busby. Amsterdam: Rodopi. 2224: 1772: 1680:) from it rather than from a religious zeal or to save the 1400:) and lyrics in the dialects of their nations, such as the 1380: 1157: 1138: 840:, meaning "Hawk of the Plain". Not all scholars accept the 809: 328: 319: 284: 4356:

Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain.

3578:

Database of Middle English Romance, The University of York

3238:

by Sion Dafydd Rhys (Peniarth MS 118 f.829–837, ca. 1600].

909:

Gawain's precursor, Gwalchmei son of Gwyar, was a hero of

4667: 4439:

Medieval Arthurian Literature: A Guide to Recent Research

2746:

has been adapted to film several times, including 1973's

2509:

is known as Florie, likely another version of Lorie from

1694:), a poem about Gawain's rescue of a woman from a demon. 1641:, Gawain attempts to disembark during the sea landing at 316: 307: 298: 295: 275: 4506:

A Dictionary of the Welsh Language, Explained in English

2513:; she also appears as Floree, daughter of King Alain of 1903:, a marriage between King Lot and a daughter of Ygerne ( 1817:

officer, undertakes a duel to determine whether Rome or

1317:, he aids the hero. Sometimes he is also the subject of 2649:(1980) and its sequels. Gawain is a major character in 2284:

mainly responsible for Gawain's ill fame, and although

1002:, where he regularly serves as an intermediary between 4432:

People and Texts. Relationships in Medieval Literature

3882:

Busby, Keith; Thompson, Raymond H. (8 November 2005).

2411:"Now you have released me from the spell completely." 2307:

Gawain may perhaps best be described as the Arthurian

529:

However, Gawain's glowing portrayal diminishes in the

362:. The prototype of Gawain is mentioned under the name 189:

Ragnelle, Orguelleuse, Amurfina (in different stories)

3789: 3123:

Journey to Avalon: The Final Discovery of King Arthur

2667:. An aged Gawain is one of the central characters in 1708:

The Story of the Grail and the Passing of King Arthur

1684:'s kingdom. One of Malory's other French sources was 982:), which praises his horse named Keincaled (known as 340: 331: 325: 310: 304: 287: 281: 3470:

International Arthurian Society – Netherlands Branch

2881:. Particularly notable among them is the 1991 opera 2012:'s take on Gawain and the Loathly Lady published in 1973:; and Elainne in the Modena manuscript of the Didot 1195:

in the Garrett MS. No. 125 manuscript of Chrétien's

824:

in Modern Welsh), rendering "Hawk of May", although

478:. Here, his younger brothers (or half-brothers) are 6782: 3385: 3383: 1996: 1268:. Gawain is also prominent in the continuations of 1103:. William recounts how Arthur's nephew, a renowned 552:, resulting in his conflicting characterization in 322: 292: 272: 4605:"Sir Gawain at the fin de siècle: Novel and Opera" 4483: 4127:"Maid Avoraine | Robbins Library Digital Projects" 3602:Malory's Library: The Sources of the Morte Darthur 3592: 3432:"English 65B/165B: Arthurian Literature – Gawain" 2732:. He plays his traditional part in the 1963 film 1969:; an unnamed sister abducted by Gorvain Cadru in 494:. However, his familial relations and upbringing 6950: 4316:Barber, Richard W. (1986). "The English Poems“. 4159: 3794:. Knoxville: U of Tennessee Press. p. 277. 3380: 2388:. Besides those children, the eponymous hero of 1985:'s niece Antonie). In some Welsh adaptations of 1788:) becomes pregnant by Lot, at this point a mere 1564:include a preserved legend in a positive light: 506:, himself a popular hero of Arthurian romance. 500:many children from his numerous wives and lovers 39:"Gwalchmai" redirects here. For other uses, see 4476:Oxford Guide to Arthurian Literature and Legend 4331: 3736: 3734: 3623: 3552:From the Norton Anthology of English Literature 1473:), are both dedicated primarily to Gawain. The 1410:. Important Gawain romances in English include 935:in one version of the hagiographical genealogy 499: 210: 200: 4021: 3060:(Academy Chicago Publishers, 1997), pp. 63–66. 986:in the works of medieval French authors); and 593:, and throughout the Middle Ages was known in 541:. His character turns markedly ignoble in the 6768: 5542: 4653: 4099:Reeser, Todd W.; Seifert, Lewis Carl (2008). 4098: 4030: 3881: 3854: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2956:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 2316: 1444:romances by Penninc and Pieter Vostaert, the 4530: 4486:Arthurian Fiction: An Annotated Bibliography 3954:The Camelot Project, University of Rochester 3731: 3554:, edited by Julie Reidhead, lines 2331–2365. 3119: 2545:after helping him win her over in the Prose 2374:), as well as of the Middle-English romance 2008:'s illustration for "The Song of Courtesy", 4531:Taylor, Beverly; Brewer, Elisabeth (1983). 4478:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 291–327. 3908: 3047:(Princeton University Press, 1963), p. 272. 2433:The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle 2272:There would be no point in summarizing the 1572:The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle 1554:The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle 1272:, in particular the First Continuation and 522:(Excalibur), and his mighty warhorse named 6775: 6761: 6683:Locations associated with Arthurian legend 5549: 5535: 4660: 4646: 4481: 3911:"The Thematic Function of Malory's Gawain" 3816:The Norton Anthology of English Literature 3072: 3012: 2998: 2526:spurned), Arthur, and Morgan all at once. 2417:Hero-Myths and Legends of the British Race 1549:The Weddynge of Syr Gawen and Dame Ragnell 974:), which lists the site of his grave; the 448:The Weddynge of Syr Gawen and Dame Ragnell 81:Sir Gawaine the Son of Lot, King of Orkney 74: 4611:. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 373–83. 4581:. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 385–92. 3598: 3404: 2203:"Nevertheless You, O Sir Gauwaine, Lie." 2184:, and is actually more interested in the 1784:, tells of how Arthur's sister Morcades ( 1665:Thomas Malory's English compilation work 1524:. In the poem, he must go to the titular 1068: 5556: 4602: 4572: 4396: 4230: 4055:Bruce, Christopher W. (21 August 2013). 3827: 3790:Fisher, Sheila; Janet E. Halley (1989). 3764:The Story of King Arthur and His Knights 3701: 3632: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3326: 2953:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary 2568: 2465:The Story of King Arthur and His Knights 2457: 2406: 2350:); they are named Florence, Lovell, and 2320: 2198: 2127: 2041:) while on a quest to learn the fate of 2000: 1837: 1773:Origin narratives and alternate siblings 1696: 1570:, a fragmentary version of the story of 1497: 1379: 1186: 1072: 832:suggests the name evolved from an early 573: 514:as well—in more than one variant of the 90:The Story of King Arthur and His Knights 5908:Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor) 3647: 3407:"Five Ways Gawain Kicks Lancelot's Ass" 3288: 3235:The Giants of Wales and Their Dwellings 3214:Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias 1339:) story, he is the father of the hero. 863:suggests a derivation from the epithet 852:, "Wolf/Errant Warrior of the Plain." 14: 6951: 6723: 4231:Kakutani, Michiko (23 February 2015). 4081: 3855:Gastle, Brian; Kelemen, Erick (2018). 3674: 3523: 2380:and of its Middle High German version 2327:Legends of King Arthur and His Knights 2123:Lancelot en het Hert met de Witte Voet 1386:Roman van Walewein (en het schaakspel) 1219:Lancelot, le Chevalier de la Charrette 545:, and even outright villainous in the 6756: 5530: 4641: 4369: 4160:George P. Landow (30 November 2004). 4054: 3702:Robinson, Peter (26 September 2013). 3323: 3317:"Pre-Galfridian Arthurian Characters" 3289:Brengle, Richard L. (2 August 1964). 3247: 3120:Barber, Chris; Pykitt, David (1997). 2976: 2934: 2585:'s poem "Maid Avoraine" published in 637:(and sometimes English) primarily as 6877:The Squire, His Knight, and His Lady 6638:List of legendary rulers of Cornwall 5898:Constans II (son of Constantine III) 4444: 3780:. (Summer 1998) 8.2 pp. 77–113. 3394:, New York: Garland, pp. 365–66 2660:The Squire, His Knight, and His Lady 2564: 1848:s Gawain in a capital relief at the 1427:Sir Gawain and the Carle of Carlisle 1422:Syre Gawene and the Carle of Carlyle 1182:The Rise of Gawain, Nephew of Arthur 400:Sir Gawain and the Carle of Carlisle 4294:Blanch & Wasserman, pp. 191–93. 4267:Blanch & Wasserman, pp. 187–88. 4194:Blanch & Wasserman, pp. 186–87. 3991: 3550:"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight." 3524:Brewer, Elisabeth (2 August 1974). 3389: 2663:(1999), drawing in particular from 2581:'s wood engraving illustration for 2384:(titled after Gingalain's name) by 1587:plot to destroy Lancelot and Queen 24: 6633:List of legendary kings of Britain 4285:Blanch & Wasserman, pp. 190–91 3947: 3909:Bartholomew, Barbara Gray (1963). 3648:Moorman, Charles (22 April 1976). 3345: 2639:. Gwalchmei is the protagonist in 2635:(1997) offer modern retellings of 1605:has Gawain's dead body carried to 1560:, from her curse of ugliness. The 25: 7020: 4633: 3248:Green, Thomas (7 November 2009). 3058:Celtic Myth and Arthurian Romance 3034:Koch, "The Celtic Lands," p. 267. 2505:). The mother of Gawain's son in 1813:, the young Gawain, trained as a 1205:Beginning with the five works of 931:. Gwyar appears as a daughter of 867:, found in the list of heroes in 358:'s nephew and one of the premier 6734: 6722: 5509: 5497: 5485: 4150:Taylor & Brewer, pp. 107–08. 4105:. Associated University Presse. 3675:Rovang, Paul (5 November 2014). 3405:Cybulskie, Danièle (July 2015). 2982:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary 1997:Attributes and characterizations 1234:Perceval, the Story of the Grail 1224:Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart 1177:De Ortu Waluuanii Nepotis Arturi 1051:in the final battle against the 1025:on his journey to find his love 268: 6785:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 4517:Studies in the Arthurian Legend 4474:Lupack, Alan (2005). "Gawain." 4310: 4297: 4288: 4279: 4270: 4261: 4258:Blanch & Wasserman, p. 185. 4252: 4224: 4215: 4206: 4197: 4188: 4179: 4153: 4144: 4119: 4092: 4075: 4048: 4039: 4012: 3985: 3967: 3941: 3902: 3875: 3848: 3834:. Manchester University Press. 3821: 3808: 3783: 3770: 3756: 3751:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 3743: 3722: 3695: 3668: 3641: 3566: 3557: 3544: 3517: 3484: 3458: 3449: 3424: 3398: 3365: 3339: 3309: 3282: 3268: 3241: 3227: 3202: 3193: 3180: 3171: 3162: 3149: 3140: 3113: 3104: 3095: 3086: 2879:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 2862:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 2744:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 2665:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 2637:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 2484:is the progeny of Gawain and a 2145:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 1513:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 1006:'s court and stranger knights. 953:(Emperor of Brittany), that is 370:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 6704:Vera historia de morte Arthuri 5457:King Arthur's messianic return 4609:A Companion to the Gawain-Poet 4579:A Companion to the Gawain-Poet 4454:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia 4450:"French literature (Medieval)" 4401:. Königshausen & Neumann. 4380:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia 4340:. McFarland. pp. 185–98. 3654:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. 3352:University of British Columbia 3063: 3050: 3037: 3028: 2970: 2928: 2680:Four Knights of the Apocalypse 1701:"The Passing of Sir Gawaine", 812:, and is a typical epithet in 102: 13: 1: 4441:, pp. 239–322. New York. 4058:The Arthurian Name Dictionary 3177:Bromwich, pp. 111–12, 127–28. 2916: 2209:Early Poems of William Morris 1256:Yvain, the Knight of the Lion 1251:Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion 1229:Perceval ou le Conte du Graal 923:, became known in Wales. The 901:form of this name, Walcmoei. 589:(meaning "son of Gwyar"), or 4504:Pughe, William Owen (1832). 4417:Knightly Tales of Sir Gawain 4415:Hall, Louis B., ed. (1976), 3861:. Rowman & Littlefield. 3767:. Retrieved 7 November 2012. 3681:. Rowman & Littlefield. 3651:The Works of the Gawain-poet 2921: 1850:Church of Saint-Pierre, Caen 941:. The 14th-century fragment 904: 7: 6842:Gawain and the Green Knight 6698:Trojan genealogy of Nennius 5998:Eldol, Consul of Gloucester 4573:Williams, David J. (1997). 4452:. In Norris J. Lacy (ed.). 4358:University of Wales Press. 4318:King Arthur Hero and Legend 4082:Malory, Sir Thomas (1868). 3496:Leiden University Libraries 3295:. Appleton-Century-Crofts. 2904: 2772:Gawain and the Green Knight 2749:Gawain and the Green Knight 2631:(1975) and Anne Crompton's 2163:Conversely, in the Vulgate 1463:Leiden University Libraries 1389:Leiden University Libraries 1354:Le Chevalier aux deux épées 502:include the "Fair Unknown" 27:Knight in Arthurian legends 10: 7025: 6999:Mythological swordfighters 6989:Knights of the Round Table 6688:Treason of the Long Knives 5452:Historicity of King Arthur 4558:Weston, Jessie L. (1972). 4482:Mediavilla, Cindy (1999). 4320:. New York: St. Martin's. 3828:Rothwell, William (1973). 3530:. Rowman and Littlefield. 2705:Knights of the Round Table 2344:Henec suctellois fil Gawin 2317:Children and relationships 2028:Knights of the Round Table 1951:In many works outside the 1737:wrote that those visiting 1567:The Marriage of Sir Gawain 1331:). In the variants of the 1191:Gawain unwittingly fights 1101:Norman conquest of England 360:Knights of the Round Table 45: 41:Gwalchmai (disambiguation) 38: 31: 6932:Honi soit qui mal y pense 6911: 6893: 6868: 6833: 6792: 6718: 6576: 6563:Æthelfrith of Northumbria 5650: 5601: 5583:Historia Regum Britanniae 5564: 5480: 5424: 5396: 5287: 5246: 5210: 4932: 4797: 4679: 4607:. In Derek Brewer (ed.). 4577:. In Derek Brewer (ed.). 4397:Dentzien, Nicole (2004). 4354:Bromwich, Rachel (2006). 3749:JRR Tolkien translation, 3718:– via Google Books. 3691:– via Google Books. 3664:– via Google Books. 3599:C. Norris, Ralph (2008). 3540:– via Google Books. 3374:Historia Regum Britanniae 3305:– via Google Books. 2984:(3rd ed.). Longman. 2503:Les Merveilles de Rigomer 2348:The Jeaste of Syr Gawayne 2115:Die Riddere metter Morwen 1987:Historia Regum Britanniae 1652:. In the Italian romance 1329:The Knight with the Sword 1166:, ascribes to Gawain the 1125:Historia Regum Britanniae 1063: 1053:nine witches of Caer Loyw 1047:, where he aids the hero 949:. His father is named as 920:Historia Regum Britanniae 828:considers this unlikely. 701:; in Italian dialects as 253: 239: 231: 220: 206: 193: 185: 142: 131: 126:Knight of the Round Table 121: 113: 108: 98: 73: 63: 58: 6678:Siege of Exeter (c. 630) 4603:Windeatt, Barry (1997). 4537:. Boydell & Brewer. 4519:. Kessinger Publishing. 4419:. Chicago: Nelson Hall. 4088:. Macmillan and Company. 3998:. Boydell & Brewer. 2864:film adaptation starred 2700:The Once and Future King 2610:The Once and Future King 2603:(1859–1885). Similarly, 2583:Robert Williams Buchanan 1806:, and many other texts. 1540:The Turke and Sir Gawain 1418:The Adventures of Arthur 1358:The Knight of Two Swords 1321:humor, as in the parody 1236:), the eponymous heroes 496:are recorded differently 46:Not to be confused with 5813:Camber (legendary king) 5723:Augustine of Canterbury 5092:Lady/Ladies of the Lake 3168:Bromwich, pp. 205, 234. 2898:Chronicles of the Sword 2413:William Henry Margetson 2260:The Wife of Bath's Tale 1413:The Awntyrs off Arthure 1301:Meraugis de Portlesguez 1258:), was translated into 1009:An early Welsh romance 569: 436:The Awntyrs off Arthure 344:-wayn, -⁠win, gə- 109:In-universe information 34:Gawain (disambiguation) 6622:Gesta Regum Britanniae 6413:Quintus Laberius Durus 6408:Publius Septimius Geta 5361:Land/Castle of Maidens 4221:Mediavilla, pp. 64–65. 4212:Mediavilla, pp. 65–67. 3574:"Turke and Sir Gawain" 3371:Geoffrey of Monmouth, 3056:Roger Sherman Loomis, 3043:Roger Sherman Loomis, 2857:Fate/Extra Last Encore 2590: 2521:. The Italian romance 2491:The Marvels of Rigomer 2469: 2425:Chevalier as Damoisels 2420: 2366:'s Old French romance 2330: 2313: 2298: 2212: 2165:Queste del Saint Graal 2140: 2085:; in the Alliterative 2019: 1865:Wolfram von Eschenbach 1852: 1712: 1507: 1391: 1202: 1132:(Loth), the prince of 1082: 1069:Histories and romances 582: 7009:Family of King Arthur 6358:Oswald of Northumbria 5903:Constantine the Great 4575:"Sir Gawain in Films" 4370:Busby, Keith (1991). 4303:Windeatt, pp. 373–83. 4203:Dentzien, pp. 219–21. 3992:Kim, Hyonjin (2000). 3392:The Romance of Arthur 3190:(Oxford 2007) p. 245. 3159:(Oxford 2007) p. 245. 3110:Bromwich, pp. 369–70. 2677:(2015). In the manga 2633:Gawain and Lady Green 2572: 2535:La Vengeance Raguidel 2461: 2410: 2324: 2305: 2270: 2202: 2131: 2004: 1926:) against King Rion ( 1841: 1750:Ly Myreur des Histors 1705:'s illustration from 1700: 1692:The Perilous Cemetery 1501: 1437:The Avowing of Arthur 1432:The Avowyng of Arthur 1383: 1324:Le Chevalier à l'épée 1285:La Vengeance Raguidel 1190: 1087:William of Malmesbury 1076: 1041:Peredur son of Efrawg 1033:. He also appears in 972:Stanzas of the Graves 814:medieval Welsh poetry 577: 424:Le Chevalier à l'épée 418:La Vengeance Raguidel 6994:Mythological princes 6964:Christmas characters 6959:Arthurian characters 6850:Sword of the Valiant 6363:Oswiu of Northumbria 6188:Julius Asclepiodotus 6113:Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio 5988:Edwin of Northumbria 5913:Constantine (Briton) 5783:Budic II of Brittany 5758:Bledric ap Custennin 5683:Ambrosius Aurelianus 5558:Geoffrey of Monmouth 5127:Lynette and Lyonesse 4952:Angharad Golden-Hand 4774:Ambrosius Aurelianus 4515:Rhys, John (2004 ). 4456:. Garland. pp. 4334:Wasserman, Julian N. 3753:(London 1995) p. 44. 2911:King Arthur's family 2759:Sword of the Valiant 2683:(2022), a sequel to 2575:John Everett Millais 2415:'s illustration for 2386:Wirnt von Grafenberg 2207:'s illustration for 2192:, who will draw the 2107:Lancelot Compilation 1778:Les Enfances Gauvain 1759:La Bataille Loquifer 1092:Gesta Regum Anglorum 996:Triads of the Horses 980:Triads of the Horses 955:Budic II of Brittany 915:Geoffrey of Monmouth 861:Roger Sherman Loomis 151:King Arthur's family 32:For other uses, see 6969:Fictional murderers 6589:Battle of Arfderydd 6468:Silvius (mythology) 6168:Ingenius of Britain 6053:Gogmagog (folklore) 5923:Cordelia of Britain 5918:Constantius Chlorus 5808:Cadwallon ap Cadfan 4490:. Scarecrow Press. 4332:Blanch, Robert J.; 4185:Whiting, pp. 193–94 4131:d.lib.rochester.edu 3979:d.lib.rochester.edu 3504:1887.1/item:1595077 3436:Stanford University 3276:"Modena: The Duomo" 2889:Harrison Birtwistle 2807:The Mists of Avalon 2047:Merlin Continuation 1991:The Birth of Arthur 1780:, based in part on 1407:Golagros and Gawane 1397:Romanz du reis Yder 947:the Queen of Orkney 490:, and the infamous 394:Golagros and Gawane 53:Fictional character 6568:Œthelwald of Deira 6558:Æthelberht of Kent 6548:Wulfhere of Mercia 6488:Son of Gorbonianus 6393:Pir of the Britons 6343:Nennius of Britain 6078:Gracianus Municeps 5968:Dunvallo Molmutius 5773:Brutus Greenshield 5575:Prophetiae Merlini 5516:History portal 5504:England portal 5472:Tristan and Iseult 5467:Knight of the Swan 5067:Guiron le Courtois 5027:Elaine of Corbenic 4957:Anguish of Ireland 4569:9 (1947): 189–234. 4238:The New York Times 4162:"Faithless Gawain" 3885:Gawain: A Casebook 3336:Busby, pp. 178–79. 3186:S. Davies trans., 2891:and a libretto by 2852:Takahiro Mizushima 2651:The Squire's Tales 2600:Idylls of the King 2591: 2539:Roman van Lancelot 2470: 2421: 2331: 2265:Gawain: A Casebook 2245:Guiron le Courtois 2213: 2194:sword in the stone 2141: 2119:Walewein ende Keye 2020: 1882:The Tale of Gawain 1853: 1713: 1518:Irish mythological 1508: 1475:Middle High German 1467:Walewein ende Keye 1447:Roman van Walewein 1392: 1295:La Mule sans frein 1214:chivalric romances 1207:Chrétien de Troyes 1203: 1198:Knight of the Lion 1083: 1036:Peredur fab Efrawg 967:Englynion y Beddau 691:Middle High German 587:Gwalchmei ap Gwyar 583: 543:Post-Vulgate Cycle 412:La Mule sans frein 6979:Fictional rapists 6974:Fictional princes 6946: 6945: 6925:The Greene Knight 6750: 6749: 6648:Matter of Britain 6610:Brut y Tywysogion 6604:Battle of Guoloph 6599:Battle of Camlann 6463:Septimius Severus 6428:Regan (King Lear) 6298:Marius of Britain 6248:Lucius of Britain 6138:Hengist and Horsa 5673:Alhfrith of Deira 5627:Brut y Brenhinedd 5524: 5523: 5437:Battle of Camlann 5211:Animal characters 5167:Percival's sister 5017:Elaine of Astolat 4673:Matter of Britain 4567:Mediaeval Studies 4467:978-0-8240-4377-3 4389:978-0-8240-4377-3 4338:Cinema Arthuriana 4276:Williams, p. 386. 3715:978-0-19-959680-5 3278:. 8 January 2022. 3083:Bromwich, p. 368. 3025:Bromwich, p. 367. 3009:Bromwich, p. 369. 2991:978-1-4058-8118-0 2963:978-0-521-15255-6 2768:Thames Television 2735:Sword of Lancelot 2718:(1981, played by 2708:(1953, played by 2686:Seven Deadly Sins 2643:'s Celtic-tinged 2565:Modern portrayals 2551:Le Morte d'Arthur 2364:Renaud de Beaujeu 2288:thought that the 2223:, King Lac's son 2205:Florence Harrison 2170:Yvain the Bastard 1832:Castle of Maidens 1782:De Ortu Waluuanii 1731:Le Morte d'Arthur 1678:metys and drynkes 1668:Le Morte d'Arthur 1655:La Tavola Ritonda 1535:The Greene Knight 1012:Culhwch and Olwen 870:Culhwch and Olwen 816:. The meaning of 564:Le Morte d'Arthur 555:Le Morte d'Arthur 537:and, especially, 516:Castle of Maidens 456:chivalric romance 442:The Greene Knight 376:De Ortu Waluuanii 354:, in which he is 261: 260: 155:Le Morte d'Arthur 66:Matter of Britain 16:(Redirected from 7016: 6938:Pearl Manuscript 6858:The Green Knight 6777: 6770: 6763: 6754: 6753: 6741:Wikisource texts 6738: 6726: 6725: 6710:Walter of Oxford 6448:Rud Hud Hudibras 6423:Redon of Britain 6183:Julius and Aaron 6128:Helena (empress) 6103:Gurguit Barbtruc 5728:Aurelius Conanus 5551: 5544: 5537: 5528: 5527: 5514: 5513: 5512: 5502: 5501: 5500: 5492:Wales portal 5490: 5489: 5488: 5351:Esplumoir Merlin 5157:Nine sorceresses 5137:Mark of Cornwall 5022:Elaine of Benoic 4934:Other characters 4819:Bors the Younger 4714:Elaine of Garlot 4662: 4655: 4648: 4639: 4638: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4562:. New York: AMS. 4555: 4553: 4551: 4501: 4489: 4471: 4412: 4393: 4351: 4304: 4301: 4295: 4292: 4286: 4283: 4277: 4274: 4268: 4265: 4259: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4213: 4210: 4204: 4201: 4195: 4192: 4186: 4183: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4166:victorianweb.com 4157: 4151: 4148: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4052: 4046: 4043: 4037: 4034: 4028: 4025: 4019: 4016: 4010: 4009: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3906: 3900: 3899: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3825: 3819: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3801:978-0-870-495915 3787: 3781: 3774: 3768: 3760: 3754: 3747: 3741: 3738: 3729: 3728:Whiting, p. 194. 3726: 3720: 3719: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3645: 3639: 3636: 3630: 3629:Whiting, p. 218. 3627: 3621: 3620: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3570: 3564: 3561: 3555: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3462: 3456: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3411:Medievalists.net 3402: 3396: 3395: 3387: 3378: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3343: 3337: 3334: 3321: 3320: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3245: 3239: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3206: 3200: 3197: 3191: 3184: 3178: 3175: 3169: 3166: 3160: 3153: 3147: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3126:. Weiser Books. 3117: 3111: 3108: 3102: 3099: 3093: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3070: 3067: 3061: 3054: 3048: 3041: 3035: 3032: 3026: 3023: 3010: 3007: 2996: 2995: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2932: 2887:, with music by 2871:The Green Knight 2860:(2020). Another 2674:The Buried Giant 2641:Gillian Bradshaw 2629:The Green Knight 2589:magazine in 1862 2523:La Pulzella Gaia 2499: 2377:Libeaus Desconus 2372:The Fair Unknown 2334:Hartmann von Aue 2109:(in the stories 2105:, and the Dutch 2018:magazine in 1859 1890:Duke of Burgundy 1811:De Ortu Waluuani 1767: 1687:L'âtre périlleux 1639: 1455: 1375: 1352:, also known as 1350: 1315: 1265:Ywain and Gawain 1079:Modena Archivolt 1057:Sion Dafydd Rhys 976:Trioedd y Meirch 834:Common Brittonic 533:, which favours 512:rescuer of women 430:Le Livre d'Artus 406:L'âtre périlleux 388:Ywain and Gawain 352:Arthurian legend 347: 343: 338: 337: 334: 333: 330: 327: 324: 321: 318: 313: 312: 309: 306: 301: 300: 297: 294: 290: 289: 286: 283: 280: 277: 274: 197: 78: 56: 55: 21: 7024: 7023: 7019: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7014: 7013: 6949: 6948: 6947: 6942: 6907: 6889: 6864: 6829: 6788: 6781: 6751: 6746: 6714: 6594:Battle of Badon 6572: 6518:Uther Pendragon 6378:Penda of Mercia 6368:Owain mab Urien 6268:Maelgwn Gwynedd 6258:Lud son of Heli 6253:Lucius Tiberius 6233:Leir of Britain 6178:Jago of Britain 6123:Queen Gwendolen 6048:Goffar the Pict 5823:Capetus Silvius 5646: 5597: 5560: 5555: 5525: 5520: 5510: 5508: 5498: 5496: 5486: 5484: 5476: 5442:Dolorous Stroke 5432:Battle of Badon 5420: 5392: 5386:Tintagel Castle 5341:Chapel perilous 5319:Val sans retour 5307:Glastonbury Tor 5283: 5242: 5206: 5057:Green Knight(s) 4982:Black Knight(s) 4967:Balin and Balan 4928: 4800: 4793: 4779:Uther Pendragon 4675: 4666: 4636: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4498: 4468: 4446:Lacy, Norris J. 4409: 4390: 4348: 4313: 4308: 4307: 4302: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4284: 4280: 4275: 4271: 4266: 4262: 4257: 4253: 4243: 4241: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4216: 4211: 4207: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4180: 4170: 4168: 4158: 4154: 4149: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4125: 4124: 4120: 4113: 4097: 4093: 4080: 4076: 4069: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4013: 4006: 3990: 3986: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3958: 3956: 3946: 3942: 3915:College English 3907: 3903: 3896: 3880: 3876: 3869: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3826: 3822: 3813: 3809: 3802: 3788: 3784: 3775: 3771: 3761: 3757: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3732: 3727: 3723: 3716: 3700: 3696: 3689: 3673: 3669: 3662: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3633: 3628: 3624: 3617: 3609:. p. 200. 3597: 3593: 3583: 3581: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3558: 3549: 3545: 3538: 3522: 3518: 3508: 3506: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3475: 3473: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3450: 3440: 3438: 3430: 3429: 3425: 3415: 3413: 3403: 3399: 3388: 3381: 3370: 3366: 3356: 3354: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3324: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3303: 3287: 3283: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3262: 3246: 3242: 3232: 3228: 3218: 3216: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3198: 3194: 3185: 3181: 3176: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3154: 3150: 3146:Bromwich, p. 9. 3145: 3141: 3134: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3087: 3082: 3073: 3068: 3064: 3055: 3051: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3013: 3008: 2999: 2992: 2975: 2971: 2964: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2907: 2792:Sebastian Roché 2710:Robert Urquhart 2595:Alfred Tennyson 2567: 2557:. In the Prose 2493: 2394:Robert de Blois 2319: 2314: 2299: 2280:considered the 2045:in the Vulgate 2010:George Meredith 1999: 1909:Uther Pendragon 1901:Robert de Boron 1897:Suite du Merlin 1886:Gesta Romanorum 1821:should possess 1803:Gesta Romanorum 1794:Gauvain li Brun 1775: 1761: 1633: 1459:Story of Gawain 1449: 1369: 1344: 1309: 1290:Messire Gauvain 1089:writes, in his 1071: 1066: 1043:), part of the 943:Birth of Arthur 911:Welsh mythology 907: 895:Heinrich Zimmer 850:*Wolcos Magesos 830:Kenneth Jackson 826:Rachel Bromwich 580:attributed arms 572: 345: 341: 315: 303: 291: 271: 267: 195: 153: 94: 54: 51: 44: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7022: 7012: 7011: 7006: 7004:Prince Valiant 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6940: 6935: 6928: 6921: 6915: 6913: 6909: 6908: 6906: 6905: 6897: 6895: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6887: 6880: 6872: 6870: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6862: 6854: 6846: 6837: 6835: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6796: 6794: 6790: 6789: 6780: 6779: 6772: 6765: 6757: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6732: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6712: 6707: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6653:Molmutine Laws 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6618: 6613: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6580: 6578: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6458:Sawyl Penuchel 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6433:Rhydderch Hael 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6273:Magnus Maximus 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6148:Humber the Hun 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5893:Conan Meriadoc 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5848:Cassivellaunus 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5818:Cap of Britain 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5788:Cadfan ap Iago 5785: 5780: 5778:Brutus of Troy 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5654: 5652: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5644: 5637: 5630: 5623: 5615: 5607: 5605: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5595: 5587: 5579: 5570: 5568: 5562: 5561: 5554: 5553: 5546: 5539: 5531: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5518: 5506: 5494: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5406: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5322: 5321: 5311: 5310: 5309: 5299: 5293: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5281: 5279:Siege Perilous 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5250: 5248: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5240: 5235: 5233:Questing Beast 5230: 5225: 5220: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5042:Fisher King(s) 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4992:Bors the Elder 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4938: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4805: 4803: 4799:Knights of the 4795: 4794: 4792: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4685: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4665: 4664: 4657: 4650: 4642: 4635: 4634:External links 4632: 4631: 4630: 4618:978-0859914338 4617: 4600: 4588:978-0859914338 4587: 4570: 4563: 4556: 4544:978-0859911368 4543: 4528: 4513: 4502: 4497:978-0810836440 4496: 4479: 4472: 4466: 4442: 4435: 4428: 4413: 4408:978-3826028113 4407: 4394: 4388: 4376:Norris J. Lacy 4367: 4352: 4347:978-0786446834 4346: 4329: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4296: 4287: 4278: 4269: 4260: 4251: 4223: 4214: 4205: 4196: 4187: 4178: 4152: 4143: 4118: 4111: 4091: 4074: 4068:978-1136755385 4067: 4047: 4045:Weston, p. 46. 4038: 4036:Weston, p. 52. 4029: 4027:Lupack, p. 314 4020: 4018:Weston, p. 45. 4011: 4005:978-0859916035 4004: 3984: 3966: 3948:Harper, Ryan. 3940: 3927:10.2307/373611 3921:(4): 262–267. 3901: 3894: 3874: 3868:978-1611496772 3867: 3847: 3840: 3820: 3807: 3800: 3782: 3769: 3755: 3742: 3730: 3721: 3714: 3708:. OUP Oxford. 3694: 3687: 3667: 3660: 3640: 3631: 3622: 3616:978-1843841548 3615: 3591: 3565: 3556: 3543: 3536: 3516: 3483: 3457: 3455:Lacy, p. 161. 3448: 3423: 3397: 3379: 3364: 3346:Echard, Siân. 3338: 3322: 3308: 3301: 3281: 3267: 3260: 3240: 3226: 3201: 3199:Hall, pp. 2–3. 3192: 3179: 3170: 3161: 3148: 3139: 3133:978-1609251468 3132: 3112: 3103: 3094: 3092:Pughe, p. 195. 3085: 3071: 3062: 3049: 3036: 3027: 3011: 2997: 2990: 2978:Wells, John C. 2969: 2962: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2914: 2913: 2906: 2903: 2787:Prince Valiant 2782:Anthony Hickox 2764:Miles O'Keeffe 2725:Prince Valiant 2669:Kazuo Ishiguro 2566: 2563: 2482:Le Bel Inconnu 2480:. The hero of 2368:Le Bel Inconnu 2318: 2315: 2304: 2269: 1998: 1995: 1953:Lancelot-Grail 1899:attributed to 1774: 1771: 1746:Jean des Preis 1735:William Caxton 1631:Didot-Perceval 1628:attachment to 1580:Lancelot-Grail 1542:. In possibly 1530:Robert Laneham 1491:and heals the 1471:Gawain and Kay 1260:Middle English 1173:Medieval Latin 1145:(Modredus) at 1081:(c. 1120–1240) 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 938:Bonedd y Saint 933:Amlawdd Wledig 906: 903: 838:Ualcos Magesos 735:Middle English 723:Old Portuguese 645:) and also as 571: 568: 259: 258: 255: 251: 250: 241: 237: 236: 233: 229: 228: 222: 218: 217: 208: 204: 203: 198: 191: 190: 187: 183: 182: 144: 140: 139: 133: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 115: 111: 110: 106: 105: 100: 96: 95: 79: 71: 70: 61: 60: 52: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7021: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6933: 6929: 6927: 6926: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6910: 6904: 6903: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6892: 6886: 6885: 6884:The Hollowing 6881: 6879: 6878: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6860: 6859: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6832: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6820:Morgan le Fay 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6810:Lady Bertilak 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6786: 6778: 6773: 6771: 6766: 6764: 6759: 6758: 6755: 6743: 6742: 6737: 6733: 6731: 6730: 6721: 6720: 6717: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6705: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6623: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6611: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6575: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6483:Sisillius III 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6338:Myrddin Wyllt 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6193:Julius Caesar 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5983:Edern ap Nudd 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5638: 5636: 5635: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5624: 5622: 5621: 5616: 5614: 5613: 5612:Roman de Brut 5609: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5600: 5593: 5592: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5552: 5547: 5545: 5540: 5538: 5533: 5532: 5529: 5517: 5507: 5505: 5495: 5493: 5483: 5482: 5479: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5423: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5410: 5409:List of works 5407: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5315: 5312: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5245: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5192:Tegau Eurfron 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5172:Red Knight(s) 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4977:Lady Bertilak 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4764:Morgan le Fay 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4663: 4658: 4656: 4651: 4649: 4644: 4643: 4640: 4620: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4601: 4590: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4571: 4568: 4564: 4561: 4557: 4546: 4540: 4536: 4535: 4529: 4526: 4525:0-7661-8915-5 4522: 4518: 4514: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4493: 4488: 4487: 4480: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4440: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4404: 4400: 4395: 4391: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4365: 4364:0-7083-1386-8 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4330: 4327: 4326:0-312-45427-9 4323: 4319: 4315: 4314: 4300: 4291: 4282: 4273: 4264: 4255: 4240: 4239: 4234: 4227: 4218: 4209: 4200: 4191: 4182: 4167: 4163: 4156: 4147: 4132: 4128: 4122: 4114: 4112:9780874130249 4108: 4104: 4103: 4095: 4087: 4086: 4078: 4070: 4064: 4061:. Routledge. 4060: 4059: 4051: 4042: 4033: 4024: 4015: 4007: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3988: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3905: 3897: 3895:9781136783524 3891: 3888:. Routledge. 3887: 3886: 3878: 3870: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3851: 3843: 3841:9780719005503 3837: 3833: 3832: 3824: 3817: 3811: 3803: 3797: 3793: 3786: 3779: 3773: 3766: 3765: 3759: 3752: 3746: 3740:Harper, p. 2. 3737: 3735: 3725: 3717: 3711: 3707: 3706: 3698: 3690: 3688:9781611477795 3684: 3680: 3679: 3671: 3663: 3661:9781604735277 3657: 3653: 3652: 3644: 3635: 3626: 3618: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3595: 3579: 3575: 3569: 3560: 3553: 3547: 3539: 3537:9780874714432 3533: 3529: 3528: 3520: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3471: 3467: 3461: 3452: 3437: 3433: 3427: 3412: 3408: 3401: 3393: 3386: 3384: 3376: 3375: 3368: 3353: 3349: 3342: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3318: 3312: 3304: 3302:9780130492708 3298: 3294: 3293: 3285: 3277: 3271: 3263: 3261:9781445221106 3257: 3253: 3252: 3244: 3237: 3236: 3230: 3215: 3211: 3205: 3196: 3189: 3183: 3174: 3165: 3158: 3152: 3143: 3135: 3129: 3125: 3124: 3116: 3107: 3101:Rhys, p. 169. 3098: 3089: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3066: 3059: 3053: 3046: 3040: 3031: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3006: 3004: 3002: 2993: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2973: 2965: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2936:Jones, Daniel 2931: 2927: 2912: 2909: 2908: 2902: 2900: 2899: 2894: 2893:David Harsent 2890: 2886: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2873: 2872: 2868:as Gawain in 2867: 2863: 2859: 2858: 2853: 2849: 2848: 2843: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2832:Clive Standen 2829: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2818: 2813: 2812:Joel Edgerton 2809: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2760: 2756:) and 1984's 2755: 2751: 2750: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2721: 2717: 2716: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2694: 2693: 2688: 2687: 2682: 2681: 2676: 2675: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2661: 2656: 2655:Gerald Morris 2652: 2648: 2647: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2621: 2616: 2615:Thomas Berger 2612: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2601: 2596: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2562: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2527: 2524: 2520: 2519:Livre d'Artus 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2497: 2492: 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1878:Valvens þáttr 1876: 1872: 1871: 1866: 1862: 1859:, Chrétien's 1858: 1851: 1847: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1815:Roman cavalry 1812: 1807: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1688: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1670: 1669: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1651: 1650: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1617: 1616:Morte Arthure 1614:Alliterative 1610: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1562:Child Ballads 1559: 1555: 1551: 1550: 1545: 1544:Thomas Malory 1541: 1537: 1536: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1505: 1500: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1409: 1408: 1403: 1399: 1398: 1390: 1387: 1382: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1320: 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Retrieved 3213: 3204: 3195: 3187: 3182: 3173: 3164: 3156: 3151: 3142: 3122: 3115: 3106: 3097: 3088: 3065: 3057: 3052: 3044: 3039: 3030: 2981: 2972: 2951: 2948:Esling, John 2944:Setter, Jane 2940:Roach, Peter 2930: 2896: 2882: 2878: 2876: 2870: 2861: 2855: 2850:(2020), and 2845: 2835: 2825: 2815: 2805: 2802:Noah Huntley 2795: 2785: 2777:First Knight 2775: 2771: 2757: 2747: 2743: 2740:George Baker 2733: 2723: 2713: 2703: 2699: 2697: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2664: 2658: 2650: 2644: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2625:Vera Chapman 2618: 2608: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2579:Joseph Swain 2558: 2550: 2546: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2528: 2522: 2518: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2489: 2481: 2471: 2463: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2424: 2422: 2416: 2401: 2397: 2389: 2381: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2359: 2355: 2347: 2343: 2337: 2332: 2326: 2306: 2300: 2293: 2289: 2281: 2273: 2271: 2264: 2258: 2248: 2244: 2216: 2214: 2208: 2186:Grail Maiden 2181: 2178:Grail Castle 2173: 2164: 2162: 2144: 2142: 2132: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2078: 2053: 2052:The Vulgate 2051: 2046: 2033: 2023: 2021: 2013: 2006:John Tenniel 1990: 1986: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1950: 1944: 1933: 1914: 1896: 1894: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1868: 1860: 1856: 1854: 1842: 1810: 1808: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1757: 1749: 1743: 1739:Dover Castle 1730: 1714: 1706: 1691: 1685: 1677: 1673:Post-Vulgate 1666: 1664: 1653: 1649:Morte Arthur 1648: 1629: 1625: 1615: 1611: 1602: 1578: 1576: 1571: 1565: 1558:loathly lady 1553: 1547: 1539: 1533: 1526:Green Knight 1511: 1509: 1503: 1484: 1478: 1470: 1466: 1458: 1445: 1442:Middle Dutch 1435: 1431: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1411: 1405: 1402:Middle Scots 1395: 1393: 1385: 1365: 1357: 1353: 1340: 1337:Fair Unknown 1332: 1328: 1322: 1305: 1299: 1293: 1289: 1283: 1280: 1273: 1269: 1263: 1255: 1249: 1233: 1227: 1223: 1217: 1204: 1196: 1181: 1175: 1161: 1151: 1123: 1121: 1090: 1084: 1044: 1040: 1034: 1030: 1016: 1010: 1008: 999: 995: 979: 975: 971: 965: 963: 950: 942: 936: 929:Welsh Triads 924: 918: 908: 889:. Bromwich, 874: 868: 865:Gwallt Avwyn 864: 856: 854: 849: 841: 837: 821: 817: 805: 804:The element 803: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 730: 726: 718: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 590: 586: 584: 563: 553: 548: 528: 508: 453: 446: 440: 434: 428: 422: 416: 410: 404: 398: 392: 386: 380: 374: 368: 363: 263: 262: 213:, including 194:Significant 154: 88: 80: 64: 29: 6919:Gawain Poet 6693:Trinovantum 6543:Vortiporius 6498:Tasciovanus 6473:Sisillius I 6293:Marganus II 6068:Gorbonianus 5948:Saint David 5708:King Arthur 5663:Saint Alban 5641:Merlínússpá 5634:Breta sögur 5356:Joyous Gard 5314:Brocéliande 5274:Round Table 5102:Leodegrance 5072:Gwenhwyfach 4801:Round Table 4699:Constantine 4669:King Arthur 4624:20 November 4594:20 November 4550:19 November 4382:. Garland. 4171:19 November 3638:Hall, p. 3. 3607:D.S. Brewer 3377:Books 9–11. 2842:Matt Stokoe 2822:Eoin Macken 2817:King Arthur 2762:(played by 2754:Murray Head 2752:(played by 2738:(played by 2720:Liam Neeson 2646:Hawk of May 2605:T. H. White 2587:Once a Week 2494: [ 2358:and in the 2286:Miss Weston 2247:section of 2227:, and King 2158:Virgin Mary 2137:John Pettie 2059:Cú Chulainn 2015:Once a Week 1924:Leodegrance 1762: [ 1748:'s Belgian 1703:Howard Pyle 1682:Fisher King 1634: [ 1493:Fisher King 1461:), held at 1450: [ 1370: [ 1345: [ 1333:Bel Inconnu 1310: [ 1156:version by 1147:Richborough 1004:King Arthur 951:Emyr Llydaw 891:Joseph Loth 715:Old Spanish 633:, etc.; in 460:Round Table 356:King Arthur 254:Nationality 225:King Arthur 165:(parents); 149:members of 117:Prince, Sir 85:Howard Pyle 6984:Holy Grail 6953:Categories 6869:Literature 6793:Characters 6303:Mempricius 6108:Gurgustius 6098:Gurgintius 5958:Diocletian 5953:Digueillus 5938:Cunobeline 5933:Cunedagius 5738:Beldgabred 5713:Arvirargus 5688:Amphibalus 5668:Albanactus 5651:Characters 5618:Layamon's 5259:Holy Grail 5228:Petitcrieu 4809:Bagdemagus 4508:. London. 4425:0882293508 3959:26 January 3778:Arthuriana 3584:26 January 3476:26 January 3441:26 January 3416:26 January 3357:26 January 3219:5 December 3188:Mabinogion 3157:Mabinogion 3155:S Davies, 2917:References 2653:series by 2620:Arthur Rex 2474:Otherworld 2441:Perlesvaus 1983:Bagdemagus 1873:, and the 1798:Perlesvaus 1522:Cuchulainn 1275:Perlesvaus 1211:Old French 1105:Post-Roman 1060:folklore. 1045:Mabinogion 1018:Mabinogion 1000:Mabinogion 635:Old French 615:Gualgwinus 611:Gualguinus 607:Gualguanus 599:Galvaginus 578:Gauvain's 181:(brothers) 122:Occupation 6815:Guinevere 6729:Wikiquote 6668:Riothamus 6616:Excalibur 6533:Vortigern 6528:Vespasian 6418:Redechius 6403:Porrex II 6388:Peredurus 6373:Pandrasus 6118:Gwenddydd 6093:Guithelin 6088:Guinevere 6083:Guiderius 6033:Fulgenius 6023:Eudaf Hen 6018:Estrildis 6013:Enniaunus 5873:Cledaucus 5843:Carausius 5838:Caradocus 5833:Caracalla 5803:Cadwaladr 5743:Beli Mawr 5698:Archgallo 5693:Andragius 5594:(c. 1150) 5586:(c. 1136) 5578:(c. 1135) 5462:Pendragon 5254:Excalibur 5223:Gringolet 5197:Vortigern 5132:Maleagant 5107:Lohengrin 5002:Brunor(s) 4997:Brangaine 4919:Sagramore 4909:Pellinore 4899:Palamedes 4744:Guinevere 4739:Gingalain 3210:"Peredur" 3045:The Grail 2922:Citations 2866:Dev Patel 2715:Excalibur 2671:'s novel 2607:'s novel 2517:, in the 2515:Escavalon 2478:Fairyland 2453:Diu Crône 2449:Mériadeuc 2352:Gingalain 2250:Palamedes 2233:Palamedes 2174:Mort Artu 2133:The Vigil 2083:Excalibur 2054:Mort Artu 1939:Pellinore 1857:Diu Crône 1823:Jerusalem 1660:Cartagina 1647:Stanzaic 1626:Mort Artu 1603:Mort Artu 1589:Guinevere 1485:The Crown 1480:Diu Crône 1342:Mériadeuc 1319:burlesque 1201:(c. 1295) 1168:chivalric 984:Gringolet 905:Gwalchmei 857:Gwalchmei 848:original 846:Brythonic 799:Gwalchmei 733:; and in 623:Walwanius 603:Gualgunus 591:Gwalchmai 560:Pellinore 524:Gringolet 504:Gingalain 382:Diu Crône 364:Gwalchmei 235:Christian 221:Relatives 215:Gingalain 103:Gwalchmei 69:character 6628:Lailoken 6538:Vortimer 6493:Taliesin 6398:Porrex I 6333:Morvidus 6328:Morgause 6308:Merianus 6288:Marganus 6243:King Lot 6238:Locrinus 6213:Kinarius 6208:Kimarcus 6063:Gorboduc 6043:Gerennus 6003:Elidurus 5973:Ebraucus 5963:Dionotus 5928:Corineus 5883:Coel Hen 5878:Clotenus 5868:Claudius 5858:Catigern 5853:Catellus 5768:Brennius 5733:Bedivere 5718:Ascanius 5703:Archmail 5678:Allectus 5397:In media 5381:Tintagel 5371:Lyonesse 5346:Corbenic 5336:Celliwig 5326:Caerleon 5187:Taliesin 5142:Meliodas 5077:Hellawes 5037:Feirefiz 5007:Catigern 4947:Agrestes 4914:Percival 4879:Lancelot 4859:Galehaut 4814:Bedivere 4769:Morgause 4689:Agravain 4671:and the 4448:(1991). 4372:"Gawain" 3950:"Gawain" 3509:10 April 2980:(2008). 2950:(eds.). 2938:(2011). 2905:See also 2901:(1997). 2874:(2021). 2840:(2011), 2830:(2008), 2820:(2004), 2810:(2001), 2800:(1998), 2790:(1997), 2780:(1995), 2559:Lancelot 2555:Hellawes 2547:Lancelot 2537:and the 2531:Perceval 2507:Wigalois 2437:Parzival 2402:Lancelot 2390:Beaudous 2382:Wigalois 2356:Perceval 2309:everyman 2255:Galehaut 2229:Esclabor 2221:Aglovale 2182:Perceval 2154:Bertilak 2103:Walewein 2099:Parzival 2091:Perceval 2079:Perceval 2034:Lancelot 1979:Parzival 1975:Perceval 1957:Lancelot 1913:Vulgate 1870:Parzival 1861:Perceval 1844:Parzival 1786:Morgause 1727:Bedivere 1621:Gothland 1585:Agravain 1477:romance 1367:Gliglois 1270:Perceval 1242:Percival 1238:Lancelot 1117:Galloway 1031:Historia 988:Cynddelw 887:Brittany 883:Flemings 879:Flanders 875:Walewein 787:Gauweyne 779:Gauweine 737:also as 707:Galvagin 651:Gauvaine 627:Waluanus 619:Walwanus 535:Lancelot 520:Caliburn 480:Agravain 468:King Lot 464:Morgause 232:Religion 207:Children 167:Agravain 163:Morgause 138:, others 136:Caliburn 99:Based on 6912:Related 6825:Caradoc 6663:Pridwen 6658:Nennius 6523:Venissa 6513:Urianus 6503:Trahern 6443:Rivallo 6383:Peredur 6323:Mordred 6223:Lavinia 6218:Latinus 6203:Keredic 6198:Sir Kay 6173:Innogen 6163:Igraine 6158:Idvallo 6133:Helenus 6073:Gorlois 6058:Goneril 5763:Bledudo 5748:Belinus 5331:Camelot 5297:Astolat 5269:Prydwen 5264:Pridwen 5247:Objects 5152:Nentres 5097:Laudine 5082:Hengist 5062:Guiomar 5052:Gorlois 5012:Claudas 4962:Annowre 4942:Accolon 4924:Tristan 4904:Pelleas 4894:Moriaen 4874:Lamorak 4869:Griflet 4864:Geraint 4854:Galahad 4849:Dinadan 4839:Dagonet 4834:Caradoc 4759:Mordred 4749:Igraine 4724:Gaheris 4704:Culhwch 4378:(ed.). 4136:29 June 2837:Camelot 2730:Valiant 2577:'s and 2543:Pelleas 2511:Rigomer 2476:or the 2445:Hunbaut 2294:Tristan 2282:Tristan 2274:Tristan 2241:Lamorat 2231:'s son 2217:Tristan 2190:Galahad 2111:Moriaen 2075:Morholt 2071:Tristan 2039:Viviane 1989:and in 1971:Hunbaut 1945:Tristan 1905:Igraine 1607:Camelot 1598:Gaheris 1440:). The 1430:), and 1307:Hunbaut 1143:Mordred 1134:Lothian 1113:Hengest 1111:led by 1049:Peredur 1023:Culhwch 783:Gauweyn 775:Gauwein 771:Gaweyne 763:Gaweine 755:Gawayne 739:Gawaine 711:Galvano 687:Gavayne 671:Gauveyn 667:Gauvein 659:Gauvayn 647:Gauvain 643:Gavaine 549:Tristan 539:Galahad 492:Mordred 484:Gaheris 476:Lothian 248:Lothian 246:and/or 227:(uncle) 211:Various 179:Mordred 171:Gaheris 147:Various 18:Gawaine 6902:Gawain 6861:(2021) 6853:(1984) 6845:(1973) 6805:Gawain 6643:Logres 6584:Avalon 6577:Topics 6508:Turnus 6438:Rience 6318:Millus 6313:Merlin 6263:Maddan 6038:Gawain 6028:Ferrex 5978:Edadus 5943:Danius 5888:Coilus 5863:Cherin 5828:Capoir 5753:Bladud 5658:Aeneas 5425:Topics 5414:comics 5376:Sarras 5366:Logres 5302:Avalon 5289:Places 5218:Cavall 5182:Sebile 5177:Rience 5147:Merlin 5122:Lunete 5117:Lucius 5087:Iseult 4889:Lionel 4884:Lanval 4844:Daniel 4829:Cligès 4824:Brunor 4734:Gawain 4729:Gareth 4681:Family 4615: 4585: 4541: 4523: 4510:Online 4494: 4464: 4458:178–79 4423: 4405: 4386: 4362: 4344: 4324: 4109: 4065: 4002: 3935:373611 3933: 3892: 3865: 3838: 3798: 3712: 3685: 3658: 3613: 3580:. 2012 3534: 3472:. 2020 3299: 3258: 3130: 2988: 2960: 2884:Gawain 2847:Cursed 2827:Merlin 2797:Merlin 2712:) and 2692:Merlin 2468:(1903) 2447:.) 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