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182:("Account of the recent discovery of the famous Grand river which was discovered by great good fortune by Captain Francisco de Orellana"). In it, the friar recorded the dates of the expedition as well as a large number of notes of ethnological interest such as the sizes and dispositions of the indigenous peoples which occupied the banks of the river, their tactics of war, rituals, customs, utensils, and the like.
319:. This expedition, which took place in 1561 (almost twenty years after that of Orellana), was the source of inspiration for the movie. Additionally, Carvajal is depicted as being killed by natives. However, the film included many situations and persons from the chronicle of Carvajal, which is to say, from the expedition of Orellana.
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Father
Carvajal's diary of the Orellana expedition has achieved prominence recently. For over four centuries, scholars dismissed its reports of large cities, well developed roads, monumental construction, fortified towns, and dense populations. It was thought that the acidic soils of Amazonia could
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with fifty men, in order to find its mouth. The hope was that the men would be able to find provisions and bring them back in the small boat in which they went. Orellana reached the confluence of the Napo and
Trinidad River, but he didn't find provisions. Unable to return because of the current, he
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and nine
Spanish municipalities. He was chosen to be provincial of Peru in 1557, dedicating two years to the organization of the province and the two following ones to the visiting of the most remote territories and the founding of new convents. There is evidence of a letter written by Carvajal to
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not support the level of agriculture necessary to sustain such a civilization. His writings were largely dismissed as fabrications and propaganda. However, research by Prümers et al., published in Nature (2022) shows that his reporting is very likely to be correct.
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the king, informing him of the abuses that were being committed against the
Indians in the mines of Peru, and asking for his intervention on their behalf. This shows a general attitude towards the Indians consistent with the doctrine of his brother Dominican
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In 1565 Carvajal was chosen as a representative of his province before the
Spanish court and to the Pope, but it is likely that he never crossed the ocean. He died in Lima in 1584.
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was again published, this time extensively revised by Harry
Clifton Heaton (1885–1950), professor of Romance languages at New York University. It is in a large extent due to
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in 1544. Unfortunately, the mediation seems to have been unfruitful. After the pacification of Peru, he was sent by his superiors as a missionary to
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in Spain, he set out for Peru in 1533, dedicating himself to the conversion of the Native
American aboriginals. In 1540, Carvajal joined as a
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He worked for years in the region, achieving the conversion of the majority of indigenous people. In 1553 he was instituted as the
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Relación del nuevo descubrimiento del famoso río Grande que descubrió por muy gran ventura el capitán
Francisco de Orellana
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201:("General and Natural History of the Indies"), which was written in 1542, but not published until 1855. In 1934,
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Not knowing it, the expedition of Gaspar de
Carvajal carried diseases of the Old World, particularly
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The
Discovery of the Amazon According to the Account of Friar Gaspar de Carvajal and Other Documents
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of Tucumán. He brought a number of Dominicans to the province, with whose help he founded various
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362:] (in Spanish). Vol. 4. Madrid, Spain: la Real Academia de la Historia. pp. 541–574.
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Prümers, Heiko; Betancourt, Carla Jaimes; Iriarte, José; Robinson, Mark; Schaich, Martin (2022).
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Carvajal, Gaspar de; Lee, Bertram T., trans. (1934). Medina, José Toribio; Heaton, H. C. (eds.).
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decided to continue following the river, until he reached the estuary of the Amazon in 1542.
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This work remained obscure for a long period, being published only in 1894 by the Chilean
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Carvajal, who was one of the survivors of the expedition, narrated the events in his work
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Oviedo y Valdés, Gonzalo Fernández de (1855). Los Rios, José Amador de (ed.).
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has an appearance of Gaspar de Carvajal (as played by actor
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Carvajal, Gaspar de (1894). Medina, José Toribio (ed.).
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The expedition, under difficult conditions, crossed the
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Arrival in the New World and the Amazonian Expedition
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209:that Friar Carvajal is remembered in history.
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360:General and Natural History of the Indies …
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69:Learn how and when to remove this message
338:Descubrimiento des Río de las Amazonas …
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199:Historia general y natural de las Indias
32:This article includes a list of general
465:. Project Amazonas, Inc. Archived from
463:"A Brief History of Amazon Exploration"
341:(in Spanish). Seville, Spain: E. Rasco.
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159:Francisco de Orellana
187:José Toribio Medina
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298:In popular culture
255:of the convent of
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163:Napo River
59:April 2014
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383:cite book
313:Del Negro
241:Audiencia
139:La Canela
107:Biography
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257:Huamanga
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408:Nature
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