705:
716:
1118:
27:
1135:
726:
1060:
were proposed. For fuel supply in 1931-1932 fuel pumps operating from combustion chamber gases were developed. In 1933 a centrifugal turbopump unit for a rocket engine with a thrust of 3000 N was developed. A total of 100 bench tests of liquid-propellant rockets were conducted using various types of
1067:
The work on the creation of engines under the leadership of
Glushko was carried out by employees of the ERD and liquid-propellant engine section, including the active involvement of A. L. Maly, V. I. Serov, E. N. Kuzmin, I. I. Kulagin, E. S. Petrov, P. I. Minaev, B. A. Kutkin, V. P. Yukov,
867:
1024:. To increase the resource, various technical solutions were used: the jet nozzle had a spirally finned wall and was cooled by fuel components, curtain cooling was used for the combustion chamber and ceramic thermal insulation of the combustion chamber using
880:
1130:
903:
on a non-volatile solvent for solid propellant rockets. The first test-firing of a solid fuel rocket was carried out in March 1928, which flew for about 1,300 meters In 1931 the world's first successful use of rockets to assist
704:
875:
1105:, Artamonova, A. I. Gavrilova, A. D. Gracheva, Zhiritsky, A. L. Maly, Y. B. Mezentseva, E. S. Petropavlovsky, B.S. Petrova, G. F. Firsova, N. G. Chernysheva. In 1962 the names GDL,
862:
1064:
Experimental liquid propellant rockets were constructed, the first two rockets with a planned lifting height of 2–4 km were manufactured and testing was continued by RNII.
1097:
In 1966, the
Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences on Lunar Names assigned craters on the far side of the Moon names in honor of the following workers of the GDL;
956:
691:
913:
1578:
1140:
is a memorial museum telling about the beginning of the domestic space engine industry, including the history of GDL. The museum is located in the
983:, Glushko proposed to use energy in electric explosion of metals to create rocket propulsion. In the early 1930s the world's first example of an
987:
rocket engine was created. This early work by GDL has been steadily carried on and electric rocket engines were used in the 1960s onboard the
1385:
684:
132:
1014:
1003:
331:
1158:
1153:
920:
trainer, which achieved about one hundred successful assisted takeoffs. Successful assisted takeoffs were also achieved on the
847:
843:
803:
779:
708:
50:
807:
677:
1256:
984:
1048:
were first proposed as an oxidizing agent. As a result of experiments, by the end of 1933, a high-boiling fuel from
1509:
976:
825:
40:
1484:
1247:
31:
The building of the Main
Admiralty in Leningrad, where in the 1930s the Gas Dynamics Laboratory was located
943:
aircraft armed with six launchers successfully took place. RNII then modified these rockets for the famous
824:
In July 1928, was renamed the Gas
Dynamics Laboratory (GDL) of the Military Scientific Committee under the
149:
1078:
1573:
165:
1282:
359:
1144:, which in the 1930s housed GDL stands for testing rocket engines. It was opened on April 12, 1973.
999:
944:
763:
759:
223:
82:
1568:
1141:
1122:
1085:
755:
78:
1205:. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA History Div. pp. 6–7
1510:"Museum of Cosmonautics and Rocket Technology Glushko, Peter and Paul Fortress, St. Petersburg"
1052:
and nitric acid was selected as the most convenient in operation and industrial production. In
563:
506:
417:
376:
951:. In these works, the main design contribution was made by GDL employees Nikolai Tikhomirov,
1412:
1002:. This resulted in the creation of ORM (from "Experimental Rocket Motor" in Russian) engines
936:
608:
593:
400:
388:
771:
598:
140:
8:
1112:
613:
449:
326:
281:
935:, including firing rockets from aircraft and the ground. In 1932 in-air test firings of
782:(RNII). A number of craters on the far side of the Moon are named after GDL employees.
1433:
1386:"Katyusha rocket launcher. Weapon of Victory: multiple launch rocket system "Katyusha""
1098:
1033:
663:
306:
286:
266:
1355:
1252:
1102:
1045:
1037:
1025:
952:
751:
628:
521:
291:
177:
1287:(Volume 1 ed.). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. pp. 164–165
1019:
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980:
739:
719:
623:
573:
568:
501:
496:
459:
412:
271:
237:
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192:
187:
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92:
1251:(1926–1981 (printed version) ed.). Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya. December 1973.
1008:
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814:
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729:
464:
261:
241:
182:
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316:
296:
154:
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603:
454:
1459:
1061:
fuel, both low and high-boiling and thrust up to 300 kg was achieved.
948:
928:
924:
921:
588:
491:
346:
311:
301:
205:
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1312:
1197:
1199:
Challenge to Apollo : the Soviet Union and the space race, 1945-1974
1029:
940:
444:
254:
715:
1117:
1113:
Museum of
Cosmonautics and Rocket Technology named after V. P. Glushko
1071:
656:
1109:
and RNII were assigned to crater chains on the far side of the Moon.
988:
900:
818:
543:
538:
526:
437:
427:
371:
366:
111:
909:
1546:
Development of Rocket
Engineering in the USSR. Ch. 1—2. — M., 1968;
1049:
917:
516:
511:
484:
432:
422:
381:
336:
802:
in Moscow as the "Laboratory for the development of inventions by
725:
1485:"Museum of space exploration and rocket technology V. P. Glushko"
1121:
RLA-1 rocket in the Museum of
Cosmonautics and Rocketry (in the
533:
479:
474:
405:
393:
321:
276:
26:
1088:
there are stands for testing ERD and liquid-propellant engines.
1056:
self-igniting combustible and chemical ignition of fuel with
992:
835:
by early 1933 approximately 200 personnel were working for GDL.
747:
341:
107:
931:
aircraft. Further developments in the early 1930s were led by
754:. Its activities were initially devoted to the development of
583:
228:
211:
1540:
Academy of
Sciences of the USSR. Rocket engines GDL - OKB;
966:
1106:
1053:
972:
905:
839:
829:
792:
775:
103:
60:
1131:
1092:
791:
First rocket research and development organization in the
1555:
1352:
Developments of Rocketry and Space Technology in the USSR
217:
200:
1413:
Brief chronology of rocket engine building in the USSR
1072:
Location of the laboratory in Leningrad in the 1930s
806:" as part of the Main Artillery Directorate of the
1354:. Novosti Press Pub. House. pp. 6–7, 11–12.
758:, which became the prototypes of missiles in the
1560:
1460:"History of the Rocket Research Institute, RNII"
750:research and development laboratory to focus on
1552:Rocket engines GDL — OKB, 1929—69. — M., 1969;
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
785:
685:
1489:State Museum of the history of St Petersburg
876:Nikolai Yakovlevich Ilyin (rocket scientist)
1378:
1265:
894:
891:(12.1932 - 9.1933, then head of the RNII).
998:In 1931 Glushko was redirected to work on
692:
678:
41:Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR
25:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1191:
1189:
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1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
967:Electric & liquid fuel rocket engines
1451:
1116:
724:
714:
703:
1579:Research institutes in the Soviet Union
1375:на сайте airwar.ru — «Уголок неба»
1349:
1280:
1195:
1093:Lunar craters named after GDL employees
332:Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories
1561:
1438:History of Russian Soviet Cosmonautics
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1408:
1406:
1330:
1299:
1240:
1176:
1159:Reactive Scientific Research Institute
1154:Group for the Study of Reactive Motion
848:Reactive Scientific Research Institute
844:Group for the Study of Reactive Motion
780:Reactive Scientific Research Institute
1434:"Gas Dynamic Laboratory (in Russian)"
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
664:List of Soviet and Russian cosmonauts
16:Soviet rocket laboratory 1921 to 1933
1350:Glushko, Valentin (1 January 1973).
1417:
1403:
13:
1531:
1281:Chertok, Boris (31 January 2005).
1217:
14:
1590:
975:a section was created to develop
899:The GDL utilised smokeless (TNT)
766:, which became the prototypes of
1032:, solutions of nitric acid with
1000:liquid propellant rocket engines
859:Nikolai Tikhomirov (1921—1930);
817:the laboratory was relocated to
1502:
1477:
1457:
1310:
963:, Ivan Isidorovich and others.
863:Boris Sergeevich Petropavlovsky
854:
1366:
1068:N. G. Chernyshev and others.
826:Revolutionary Military Council
1:
1169:
736:Gas Dynamics Laboratory (GDL)
20:Gas Dynamics Laboratory "GDL"
744:Газодинамическая лаборатория
150:Soviet crewed lunar programs
7:
1147:
786:History of the organization
10:
1595:
360:Expendable launch vehicles
166:Human spaceflight programs
1313:"Gas Dynamics Laboratory"
1248:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
947:, which were used during
764:liquid propellant rockets
743:
118:
98:
88:
83:Liquid-propellant rockets
74:
66:
56:
46:
36:
24:
1244:Gas-Dynamic Laboratory,
1164:
1058:gimbal engine suspension
979:, headed by 23 year old
945:Katyusha rocket launcher
895:Solid propellant rockets
760:Katyusha rocket launcher
756:solid propellant rockets
79:Solid-propellant rockets
70:research and development
1142:Peter and Paul Fortress
1123:Peter and Paul Fortress
1086:Peter and Paul Fortress
977:electric rocket engines
1196:Siddiqi, Asif (2000).
1126:
908:were carried out on a
778:it became part of the
732:
722:
712:
564:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
1120:
846:(GIRD) to become the
728:
718:
707:
609:Konstantin Feoktistov
594:Alexander Kemurdzhian
1101:, N. P. Alyokhina,
957:Boris Petropavlovsky
906:take-off of aircraft
842:GDL merged with the
599:Valentina Tereshkova
141:Soviet space program
798:Created on 1 March
614:Mikhail Tikhonravov
327:Astron (spacecraft)
208:(lunar Soyuz 7K-L1)
122:in 1933 became RNII
21:
1284:Rockets and People
1127:
1099:Nikolai Tikhomirov
1079:Admiralty building
1034:nitrogen tetroxide
914:Soviet designation
733:
723:
713:
709:Nikolai Tikhomirov
135:of articles on the
51:Nikolai Tikhomirov
37:Parent institution
19:
1574:Rocket propulsion
1464:Russian Space Web
1317:Russian Space Web
1103:Vladimir Artemyev
1046:hydrogen peroxide
1038:tetranitromethane
1026:zirconium dioxide
953:Vladimir Artemyev
752:rocket technology
702:
701:
629:Vladimir Chelomey
197:
126:
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1210:
1204:
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1084:In the building
1042:hypochloric acid
1023:
1012:
981:Valentin Glushko
925:(Russian 'ТБ-1')
884:
871:
804:N. I. Tikhomirov
774:. At the end of
746:) was the first
745:
720:Valentin Glushko
711:, creator of GDL
694:
687:
680:
624:Valentin Glushko
574:Mstislav Keldysh
569:Friedrich Zander
307:Lunokhod program
195:
128:
127:
93:Valentin Glushko
29:
22:
18:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1559:
1558:
1550:Petrovich G. V.
1544:Petrovich G. V.
1534:
1532:Further reading
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991:spacecraft and
969:
961:Georgy Langemak
933:Georgy Langemak
897:
889:Ivan Kleymyonov
878:
865:
857:
788:
730:Georgy Langemak
698:
669:
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659:
649:
648:
559:
558:Notable figures
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550:
362:
352:
351:
322:Marsnik program
262:Sputnik program
257:
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246:
168:
114:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1592:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1569:Early rocketry
1557:
1556:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1514:life-globe.com
1501:
1476:
1458:Zak, Anatoly.
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1416:
1402:
1377:
1365:
1329:
1311:Zak, Anatoly.
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1111:
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1070:
985:electrothermal
968:
965:
937:RS-82 missiles
896:
893:
856:
853:
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851:
838:At the end of
836:
833:
822:
811:
796:
787:
784:
768:Soviet rockets
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619:Mikhail Yangel
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579:Sergei Korolev
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317:Phobos program
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214:(Moon landing)
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1538:Glushko V. P.
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1258:9780028800004
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995:Venus probe.
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885:(1931—1932);
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872:(1930-1931);
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837:
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644:Boris Chertok
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639:Vasily Mishin
637:
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634:Kerim Kerimov
632:
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604:Alexei Leonov
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59:
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49:
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35:
28:
23:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:
1504:
1492:. Retrieved
1488:
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
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1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1437:
1393:. Retrieved
1389:
1380:
1368:
1351:
1320:. Retrieved
1316:
1289:. Retrieved
1283:
1246:
1207:. Retrieved
1198:
1128:
1096:
1066:
1063:
997:
970:
949:World War II
929:Tupolev TB-3
922:Tupolev TB-1
898:
887:
874:
861:
858:
855:GDL Managers
735:
734:
589:Yuri Gagarin
492:Soyuz/Vostok
347:Vega program
312:Mars program
302:Zond program
297:Luna program
255:Space probes
220:(Mars flyby)
193:Apollo–Soyuz
155:Luna program
1134: [
1030:Nitric acid
1018: [
1007: [
941:Tupolev I-4
879: [
866: [
57:Established
1563:Categories
1390:ezoteriker
1170:References
971:On 15 May
772:spacecraft
657:Cosmonauts
89:Key people
47:Founder(s)
1360:699561269
989:Voskhod 1
901:gunpowder
819:Leningrad
372:Molniya-M
367:Kosmos-3M
119:Dissolved
112:Leningrad
1148:See also
1050:kerosene
918:Avro 504
808:Red Army
337:RELIKT-1
133:a series
131:Part of
99:Location
1519:10 June
1494:10 June
1469:10 June
1443:10 June
1077:In the
939:from a
916:for an
850:(RNII).
828:of the
740:Russian
534:Tsyklon
502:Voskhod
497:Sputnik
460:Molniya
413:Energia
282:Molniya
277:GLONASS
238:Energia
196:(joint)
178:Voskhod
67:Mission
1395:5 June
1358:
1322:29 May
1291:29 May
1255:
1209:22 May
1015:ORM-52
993:Zond-2
912:, the
748:Soviet
507:Vostok
465:Polyot
418:Kosmos
377:Proton
342:Venera
287:Meteor
267:Kosmos
224:Spiral
188:Salyut
173:Vostok
108:Moscow
1203:(PDF)
1165:Notes
1138:]
1022:]
1011:]
1004:ORM-1
883:]
870:]
584:Laika
470:Soyuz
401:Zenit
389:Soyuz
292:Zenit
242:Buran
229:Almaz
212:N1-L3
183:Soyuz
75:Focus
1521:2022
1496:2022
1471:2022
1445:2022
1397:2022
1356:OCLC
1324:2022
1293:2022
1253:ISBN
1211:2022
1129:The
1107:GIRD
1054:1931
1044:and
973:1929
927:and
840:1933
830:USSR
815:1928
800:1921
793:USSR
776:1933
770:and
455:Luna
272:Bion
206:Zond
110:and
104:USSR
61:1921
1373:У-1
1013:to
910:U-1
813:In
450:R-7
233:TKS
218:TMK
201:Mir
1565::
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1462:.
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